Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to changes in their environment or in their intracellular state. Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In the prototypical two-component pathway, the sensor HK phosphorylates its own conserved His residue in response to a signal(s) in the environment. Subsequently, the phosphoryl group of HK is transferred onto a specific Asp residue on the RR. The activated RR can then effect changes in cellular physiology, often by regulating gene expression. Two-component pathways thus often enable cells to sense and respond to stimuli by inducing changes in transcription ...
Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to changes in their environment or in their intracellular state. Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In the prototypical two-component pathway, the sensor HK phosphorylates its own conserved His residue in response to a signal(s) in the environment. Subsequently, the phosphoryl group of HK is transferred onto a specific Asp residue on the RR. The activated RR can then effect changes in cellular physiology, often by regulating gene expression. Two-component pathways thus often enable cells to sense and respond to stimuli by inducing changes in transcription ...
The relative representation of each mutant was determined by calculating the fold change (sequence reads/insertion in cholesterol divided by sequence reads/insertion in glycerol) for each gene. Statistical significance was determined by t-test. Each insertion site in each replicate sample was treated as a separate data point. The hyperbola used for defining genes specifically required for growth in cholesterol was defined by the formula, y = 3.8/x+0.7. Genes above this line are annotated as required for growth on cholesterol. - Griffin JE, Gawronski JD, Dejesus MA, Ioerger TR, Akerley BJ, Sassetti CM, High-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes essential for mycobacterial growth and cholesterol catabolism. PLoS Pathog (2011) 7(9). ...
Zhu J, Miller MB, Vance RE, Dziejman M, Bassler BL, Mekalanos JJ. Quorum-sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 ;99(5):3129-34. ...
Citation Gómez-Mejia A, Gámez G, Hirschmann S, Kluger V, Rath H, Böhm S, Voss F, Kakar N, Petruschka L, Völker U, Brückner R, Mäder U, Hammerschmidt S. 2018. Pneumococcal metabolic adaptation and colonization are regulated by the two-component regulatory system 08. mSphere 3:e00165-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00165-18. ...
E coli rssB protein: negative regulator of sigma(S) factor, Rpos; isolated from E. coli; this two-component response regulator affects sigma S-dependent proteins; it is implicated in the control of protein stability; has been sequenced; homologous proteins, namely, Mvia and Hnr found in other bacteria
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24Optionss operation was also banned by other regulators. Rodeler was also banned in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority in June 2020 for using
This project is to design and fabricate the mini ball mill that can grind the solid state of various type of materials into nano-powder. The cylindrical jar is used as a mill that would rotate the material that about to be ground, a motor is used to power the system so that the jar can rotate in high speed and using the regulator controls the speed of the rotation of the jar.. Get Price ...
Sindromul hiperactivitate/deficit de atenție (ADHD) este o afecțiune neuropsihiatrică frecvent întâlnită la vârsta pediatrică. La școlari, frecvența ADHD este de 4-12% (Brown 2001, Faraone 2003), dar sindromul poate afecta copiii de toate vârstele și manifestările pot persista până la vârsta adultă.
Hardcorescenen i Umeå har ett världsomspännande rykte och är en viktig del av svensk musikhistoria. Med tonvikt på Umeå och 1990-tal presenteras här Sveriges största samling av hardcorematerial ...
Hardcorescenen i Umeå har ett världsomspännande rykte och är en viktig del av svensk musikhistoria. Med tonvikt på Umeå och 1990-tal presenteras här Sveriges största samling av hardcorematerial ...
Signal transductionRegulatory functionsDNA interactionsphosphonate utilization transcriptional regulator PhnR (TIGR03337; HMM-score: 32.5) ...
E. Bouffartigues, I. Si Hadj Mohand, R. Duchesne, O. Maillot, N. Orange, et al.. Insight into the mechanism controlling the activity of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor SigX in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. XIeme Congrès de la SFM, 2015, PARIS, France. ⟨hal-02386341⟩ ...
H-NS family proteins are nucleoid-associated proteins that form oligomers on DNA and function as global regulators. They are found in both bacterial chromosomes and plasmids, and were suggested to be candidate effectors of the interaction between them. TurA and TurB are the predominantly expressed H-NS family proteins encoded on the chromosome of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, while Pmr is encoded on the carbazole-degradative incompatibility group P-7 plasmid pCAR1. Previous transcriptome analyses suggested that they function cooperatively, but play different roles in the global transcriptional network. In addition to differences in protein interaction and DNA-binding functions, cell expression levels are important in clarifying the detailed underlying mechanisms. Here, we determined the precise protein amounts of TurA, TurB, and Pmr in KT2440 in the presence and absence of pCAR1. The intracellular amounts of TurA and TurB in KT2440 and KT2440(pCAR1) were determined by quantitative western blot analysis
Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) play fundamental roles in bacterial survival and pathogenesis and have been proposed as targets for the development of novel classes of antibiotics. A new coupled assay was developed and applied to analyse the kinetic mechanisms of three new kinds of inhibitors of TCS function. The assay exploits the biochemical properties of the cognate HpkA-DrrA histidine kinase-response regulator pair from Thermotoga maritima and allows multiple turnovers of HpkA, linear formation of phosphorylated DrrA, and Michaelis-Menten analysis of inhibitors. The assay was validated in several ways, including confirmation of competitive inhibition by adenosine 5′-β,γ-imidotriphosphate (AMP-PNP). The coupled assay, autophosphorylation and chemical cross-linking were used to determine the mechanisms by which several compounds inhibit TCS function. A cyanoacetoacetamide showed non-competitive inhibition with respect to ATP concentration in the coupled assay. The
The general stress response comprises approximately 200 genes and is driven by the alternative sigma factor SigB. Besides the process of sporulation with approximately 500 involved gene products under initial control of Spo0A are the two most significant and extensive cellular responses that can be observed in B. subtilis. The general stress response provides vegetative growing as well as non-growing and non-sporulating cells with a comprehensive cross-protective and preventive multiple stress resistance to various hostile environmental conditions. In contrast, the endospore is the most resistant but also dormant cell type produced by B. subtilis. The scope of this study was the identification of regulatory cascades driven by the general stress response sigma factor SigB to further elucidate the structure and function of the general stress regulon itself and to uncover potential intersections between the SigB response and other major developmental programs in the regulatory network of B. ...
The gram-negative bacterial envelope is a complex extracytoplasmic compartment responsible for numerous cellular processes. Among its most important functions is its service as the protective layer separating the cytoplasmic space from the ever-changing external environment. To adapt to the diverse conditions encountered both in the environment and within the mammalian host, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species have evolved six independent envelope stress response systems . This review reviews the sE response, the CpxAR and BaeSR two-component systems (TCS) , the phage shock protein response, and the Rcs phosphorelay system. These five signal transduction pathways represent the most studied of the six known stress responses. The signal for adhesion to abiotic surfaces enters the pathway through the novel outer membrane lipoprotein NlpE, and activation on entry into the exponential phase of growth occurs independently of CpxA . Adhesion could disrupt NlpE causing unfolding of its unstable N-terminal
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ECF sigma factor sigC is required for lethality in mice and for the conditional expression of a defined gene set. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Shop Leucine-responsive regulatory protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Leucine-responsive regulatory protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Although Escherichia coli is generally considered to be predominantly a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract, a number of recent studies suggest that it is also capable of long-term survival and growth in environments outside the host. As the extraintestinal physical and chemical conditions are often different from those within the host, it is possible that distinct genetic adaptations may be required to enable this transition. Several studies have shown a trade-off between growth and stress resistance in nutrient-poor environments, with lesions in the rpoS locus, which encodes the stress sigma factor RpoS (σS). In this study, we investigated a unique collection of long-term soil-persistent E. coli isolates to determine whether the RpoS-controlled general stress response is altered during adaptation to a nutrient-poor extraintestinal environment. The sequence of the rpoS locus was found to be highly conserved in these isolates, and no nonsense or frameshift mutations were detected. Known ...
Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ which regulates the expression of genes involved in virulence, adaptation to acidic and low Mg(2+) environments and resistance to host defense antimicrobial peptides. Essential for intramacrophage survival of S.typhimurium. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG. Essential for transcription of spiC inside macrophages by controlling the expression of the two-component regulatory system SsrB/SpiR (SsrA) and Pir at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels respectively. Promotes expression of the two-component regulatory system PmrA/PmrB via activation of pmrD gene. Is required to attenuate bacterial growth within fibroblast cells and to enhance bacterial resistance to bile in intestinal cells.
CategoryTree ,Parents= * 3. [[Information processing]] ** 3.4. [[Regulation of gene expression]] ,Neighbours= * 3.4.1. [[Sigma factors and their control]] * 3.4.2. [[Transcription factors and their control]] * 3.4.3. [[Trigger enzymes]] * 3.4.4. [[RNA binding regulators]] * 3.4.5. [[Regulators of core metabolism]] * 3.4.6. [[Transition state regulators]] * 3.4.7. [[Phosphorelay]] * 3.4.8. [[Quorum sensing]] * 3.4.9. [[Other regulators]] ,Related= none ,}} == Genes in this functional category == * [[abh]] * [[abrB]] * [[salA]] * [[scoC]] * [[sinI]] * [[sinR]] * [[slrA]] * [[slrR]] =Back to [[categories ...
This unit provides a chronological in‐depth description of all protocols needed for quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression within infected mouse tissues
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
The two-component signal transduction system (TCS) BarA/UvrY activates transcription of CsrB and CsrC noncoding RNAs, which act by sequestering the RNA-binding global regulatory protein CsrA. Here, we show that the metabolic end products formate and acetate provide a physiological stimulus for this TCS and thus link posttranscriptional regulation by the Csr system to the metabolic state of the cell. ...
An adaptive response to environmental stimuli is essential for life. The most widespread response mechanism involves the transfer of a phosphoryl group amongst the proteins in a signalling process. Two-component signal transduction systems are the chief signalling devices in bacteria and archaea. Actually, they are found in all life domains, although not in animals. A single bacteria can contain tens to hundreds of two-component systems controlling vital processes such as metabolism, development, motility, response to stress or virulence. These systems offer enormous possibilities for the development of new antimicrobials because they play a paramount role in bacterial physiology and in virulence processes, allowing adaptation of a parasite to its human host, or even triggering resistance to known antibiotics.. Although there are numerous variations in the details, two components systems obey the same basic pattern. The prototype consists of two proteins. One of them is a homodimeric membrane ...
GT:ID BAD55842.1 GT:GENE BAD55842.1 GT:PRODUCT putative two-component system response regulator GT:DATABASE GIB00210CH01 GT:ORG nfar0 GB:ACCESSION GIB00210CH01 GB:LOCATION 1103586..1104263 GB:FROM 1103586 GB:TO 1104263 GB:DIRECTION + GB:PRODUCT putative two-component system response regulator GB:PROTEIN_ID BAD55842.1 LENGTH 225 SQ:AASEQ MTAVLLAEDDEAIAAPLSRALGREGYTVTVESFGPAVLRRALEGNHDLLILDLGLPGMDGLEVCRQVRARGADLAVLMLTARTDEVDFVVGLDAGADDYVGKPFRLAELLARVRALLRRSGIGDEAVEVGGIRLEPAARRVLVNGVEVGLANKEYELLKVLIDRAGQVVPRETILREVWGDAELRGSKTLDMHMSWLRRKIGDEGPMAERRIVTVRGVGFRLNTD GT:EXON 1,1-225:0, BL:SWS:NREP 1 BL:SWS:REP 1-,222,REGX3_MYCTU,4e-41,41.4,220/227, SEG 105-,119,rlaellarvrallrr, BL:PDB:NREP 1 BL:PDB:REP 2-,222,2oqrA,5e-41,41.1,219/226, RP:PDB:NREP 1 RP:PDB:REP 1-,219,3c3wB,1e-22,25.4,205/210, RP:PFM:NREP 2 RP:PFM:REP 4-,104,PF00072,4e-15,43.6,101/111,Response_reg, RP:PFM:REP 145-,222,PF00486,2e-11,53.2,77/77,Trans_reg_C, HM:PFM:NREP 2 HM:PFM:REP 4-,114,PF00072,8.6e-28,36.9,111/112,Response_reg, HM:PFM:REP ...
GT:ID BAD55509.1 GT:GENE BAD55509.1 GT:PRODUCT putative two-component system response regulator GT:DATABASE GIB00210CH01 GT:ORG nfar0 GB:ACCESSION GIB00210CH01 GB:LOCATION complement(685615..686331) GB:FROM 685615 GB:TO 686331 GB:DIRECTION - GB:PRODUCT putative two-component system response regulator GB:PROTEIN_ID BAD55509.1 LENGTH 238 SQ:AASEQ MGGVSTSPTPTVLVVDDDEDVLASVERGLRLSGFHVLVARDGAAALRSVNADCPDAVVLDMNMPVLDGAGVVTALRALGNDVPICVLSARASVDDRISGLESGADDYLVKPFVLAELVARIKALLRRRTDAPAAAATPGAITVGPLEVDEAGYRALLHGREIELTKREFELLSTLARNAGVVLSRERLLELVWGYDFAADTNVVDVFVGYLRRKLEADGTPRLLHTIRGVGFVLRAPK GT:EXON 1,1-238:0, BL:SWS:NREP 1 BL:SWS:REP 27-,235,PRRA_MYCTU,5e-65,65.2,207/233, SEG 4-,26,vstsptptvlvvdddedvlasve, SEG 123-,140,allrrrtdapaaaatpga, SEG 181-,192,vvlsrerllelv, BL:PDB:NREP 1 BL:PDB:REP 27-,235,1ys6B,2e-65,65.2,207/227, RP:PDB:NREP 1 RP:PDB:REP 27-,231,3c3wB,2e-24,20.9,187/210, RP:PFM:NREP 2 RP:PFM:REP 33-,122,PF00072,6e-17,45.6,90/111,Response_reg, RP:PFM:REP ...
Escherichia coli is transformed from a commensal organism into a pathogen by acquisition of genetic elements called pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Katsowich et al. investigated how the PAI virulence genes of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) respond when the bacterium attaches to a host gut cell. EPEC first sticks to the host by means of pili and then uses a PAI-encoded type 3 secretion system (T3SS) to inject multiple effectors into the host cell. But not all virulence mediators are injected. For example, CesT, a bacterial chaperone, delivers virulence effectors into the T3SS apparatus. Then, within the bacterial cytoplasm, it interacts with a gene repressor called CsrA, which reprograms bacterial gene expression to help the bacteria to adapt to epithelial cell-associated life.. Science, this issue p. 735 ...
Reliable identification of targets of bacterial regulators is necessary to understand bacterial gene expression regulation. These targets are commonly predicted by searching for high-scoring binding sites in the upstream genomic regions, which typically leads to a large number of false positives. In contrast to the common approach, here we propose a novel concept, where overrepresentation of the scoring distribution that corresponds to the entire searched region is assessed, as opposed to predicting individual binding sites. We explore two implementations of this concept, based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and Anderson-Darling (AD) tests, which both provide straightforward P value estimates for predicted targets. This approach is implemented for pleiotropic bacterial regulators, including σ70 (bacterial housekeeping σ factor) target predictions, which is a classical bioinformatics problem characterized by low specificity. We show that KS based approach is both faster and more accurate, departing from
Times change, but our values do not. In these uncertain times, Global Response remains committed to the mission we established more than 45 years ago. We provide exceptional, branded customer support, serving as ...
complex with c-di-GMP. C-di-GMP binds to the protein as an intercalated dimer, displacing the C-terminal 310 helix found in the apo form. The N-terminal part of ...
There could be an interesting connection here with another resent paper where in yeast it was shown that the cost of GFP is dramatically different for stable and denaturation-prone variants (for brilliant discussion of this paper see this post in It Takes 30). Is GFP equally stable in E. coli during the early and late exponential phase? Could it be that the effects observed here are reflecting mere change in GFP stability? Intracellular conditions do change in E. coli under different conditions, so it is possible that GFP is not always equally stable, and this may affect its physiological cost. Surprisingly, another report claims that in E. coli aggregated and soluble LacZ have very similar cost, which to some extent dispels my worries about GFP stability and cost ...
Steinrück M. The Influence of Sequence Context on the Evolution of Bacterial Gene Expression. IST Austria; 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th1059 ...
De Gentaur Oxford expressie Technologies afzonderlijke Eia Tool validatred met die in biologische monsters te onderscheiden, zoals celmedium dat verschilt. Bij de producent Oxford expressie Technologies met Genprice aanvoernummer 514 voor protocolspecificaties. The Oxford expressie Technologies Laboratoria in gb. Gentaur levert de Oxford uitdrukking Technologies test volgende dag in je Labo. De Oxford expression Technologies produkten worden het snelst en goedkoopst geleverd door Gentaur Bvba te Kampenhout voor Belgie en Gentaur BV te Eersel voor Nederland. Indien u Oxford expression Technologies kits bestelt voor vrijdag 14 uur worden die reeds de dinsdag erop in uw laboratorium afgeleverd in een koelpaket van Gentaur.. ...
Wilson, Philip, Welsh Assembly Government (Wales), corp creator. (2011) A rapid evidence assessment : investigating the drop in attainment during the transition phase with a particular focus on child poverty. ...
Getting a woman to spread her legs for you depends on your ability to smoothly navigate her through the 4 transition phases of seduction. Lets hammer out the first 2.
Transcription initiation is a critical step in bacterial gene regulation and is often controlled by transcription regulators. The alternate sigma factor (sigma54) is one such regulator that facilitates activator-dependent ...
Barrett, J. F., Goldschmidt, R. M., Lawrence, L. E., Foleno, B., Chen, R., Demers, J. P., Johnson, S., Kanojia, R., Fernandez, J., Bernstein, J., Licata, L., Donetz, A., et al. Antibacterial agents that inhibit two-component signal transduction systems Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95:5317-5322 DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5317 PMID:9560273 ...
During infection, senses and responds to stress; such responses may be modulated by MisRS (NGO0177 and NGO0176), a two-component system that is a homolog of CpxRA. In , CpxRA senses and responds to envelope stress; CpxA is a sensor kinase/phosphatase for CpxR, a response regulator. When a mutant is grown in medium containing glucose, CpxR is phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate but cannot be dephosphorylated, resulting in constitutive activation. Kandler and coworkers (J. L. Kandler, C. L. Holley, J. L. Reimche, V. Dhulipala, J. T. Balthazar, A. Muszynski, R. W. Carlson, and W. M. Shafer, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:4690-4700, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00823-16) showed that MisR (CpxR) is required for the maintenance of membrane integrity and resistance to antimicrobial peptides, suggesting a role in gonococcal survival Here, we evaluated the contributions of MisR and MisS (CpxA) to gonococcal infection in a murine model of cervicovaginal colonization and identified MisR-regulated genes ...
4IHT: The DNA-binding domain of BenM reveals the structural basis for the recognition of a T-N11-A sequence motif by LysR-type transcriptional regulators.
Degree of conservation of fungal oxidative stress regulators. (A) Orthologues of S. cerevisiae oxidative stress regulators in the fungi analysed. As before, the
Event SWPAs Pumping Systems & Controls Training. The pinnacle of SWPA’s Training and Educational programs is our Semi -Annual Pumping Systems Training ...
Breastfeeding gives babies the best start in life. It has important health benefits and contains the necessary nutrients to help the neurological, immunological and cognitive growth of your child. However natural breastfeeding may not be possible always. Thats why Medela, after conducting extensive research into the process of breastfeeding has developed products that are as close to natural breastfeeding as possible. Their research has taken them from understanding the anatomy of the lactating breast to the mechanism of removal by the baby. Their double and single pumping breastpumps, 2 phase expression technology and innovative feeding solutions like Calma have supported many mothers through the difficult breastfeeding times.. What is a 2-phase Expression Technology ...
A magnetic carrier and a two-component developer are provided which have remedied blank areas, fog after leaving, carrier sticking during running, and image density variations before and after runnin
A 4-man rap group from Finland. Enjoying a a fairly big cult following despite being officially formed as late as fall 2000. Members: Davo MC, producer,...
31 May 2018 marked the end of the final transition phase for registration of substances in the low-tonnage bands under REACH. Kerstin Heitmann from UMCO says what do companies need to consider.
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MetabolismFatty acid and phospholipid metabolismBiosynthesisfatty acid metabolism transcriptional regulator FadR (TIGR02812; HMM-score: 17.4) ...
Uradna spletna stran predsednika Republike Slovenije javnosti zagotavlja novice, sporočila in informacije o delu, funkciji in osebnosti predsednika Republike Slovenije.
Motivated by recent experimental advances, we study two-component spin-orbit coupled ultracold bosonic atoms in two dimensions on a square optical lattice. Using a Bose-Hubbard model with spin-conserving and non-spin-conserving ...
transcriptional regulator [Snora] GTGTGCCGTCCGCGTGACCACCGGGCGTCGGTGCAGGTGGTCACGCCTGGCGCAAGTTCG AAGGAAAAACGGGAGGAAGACTTGGAATTTCGACTGCTGGGTCCGGTTGAAATACTCTGG CAGGGGCGCAACATCATGCCGACGGCTCCCAAGCCGCGGCAGGTCATATCCCTTCTGATG CTCCGTCACAACACAGTCGTGCAGGCTGCGGAGCTGATCGACGAATTATGGCCGGAGCTG CCGCCGCCGAGCGCGATCACCACCCTCCAGACCTACATCTACAAATTCCGGAAGATTCTC ATGAAGCAGGGGGCCGATGATCTTCTGCGTACCCAGCCGGGCGGATACATCCTGACGATC CCGCCCTCCACCGTCGACGTCAACCGGTTCGAACGGGACGCCGACGACGGGCAGGAACTG CTGCAGCGCGGTGACGCCGCCGGCGGGACGAAGCTCGGCCACGCCCTGGCCCTGTGGCGG GGCCCAGCACTGGCCGATGTCGTCGCCAGCGGACGCCTGTTCTCGTACGTCACGCGGCTG GAGGAGCTGCGGTTTCGCATCCTCGAACTGCGCATCGAGGCGGACCTCGCGACCGGGCGG CACCGGGAACTCGTGAGCGAGCTGAAATCGCTGGTACTGGCACACCCCCTCCACGAGCAC CTGCACGGGCTGCTGATGCTGGCCCTGCACCGGTCGGGGCGGCCCCACGAGGCGTTGGAG GTCTACCGGAGCGTACGCCACAAGATGATCGAGGACCTCGCCCTGGAACCCGCCCAGGAC TTCGCCACTTTGCACCACACCCTGCTGTCCGACTCCCCGCCCGAGGCACCCGAACCCCTC TGGCCGGCACAGCACCTGACGACCAAGCAGCCGGAACGCGTCACCATCGCCCGCGAACCA GCCCCGGACACCGCCCCCAGCCCGCTGGCCAGACCGGCCCAATTGCCCGCCGACATCGTG ...