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This study aims to assess the prevalence of oral rehydration therapy use and associated factors among under-five children with diarrhoea in Dangure district, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia/2018. A total of 615 under-five children who suffered from diarrhoea 2 weeks before the study were included and the response rate was 610 (99%). Among the total children participated in this study 189 (31%) were between 12 and 23 months with mean 23.5 and SD ± 6.9. Five hundred seventeen (84.8%) of mothers had access to oral rehydration therapy and 85% of mothers home had taken less than 1 h distance from the health facility. The prevalence of oral rehydration therapy is 51%. Two hundred sixty-seven (43.8%) mothers mentioned correctly about the importance of oral rehydration therapy which is to replace fluid while other 243 (39.8%) mothers stated that oral rehydration therapy uses to decrease diarrhoea. Mothers educational status, monthly income, knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, previous experience and
Background and Goal of Study: The preoperative carbohydrate loading that is recommended in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol enhances insulin action by approximately 50% [1]. In some Japanese hospitals, preoperative oral rehydration therapy is performed for preventing dehydration during surgery. We hypothesized that preoperative oral rehydration therapy with a 2.5% carbohydrate beverage that is widely used in Japan can enhance insulin action. Therefore, we investigated the effect of this 2.5% carbohydrate beverage on insulin action in healthy volunteers.. Material and methods: Six healthy volunteers participated in this crossover randomized study. The participants were segregated into 2 groups: a control group (C group) and an oral rehydration therapy with 2.5% carbohydrate beverage group (OS group). The C group fasted from 9 pm onward on the evening before the investigation, and subjects were allowed to drink only water; conversely, the OS group fasted from 9 pm onward and ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Physician- and nurse-reported effects of intravenous hydration therapy on symptoms of terminally ill patients with cancer. AU - Morita, Tatsuya. AU - Shima, Yasuo. AU - Miyashita, Mitsunori. AU - Kimura, Rieko. AU - Adachi, Isamu. PY - 2004/10/1. Y1 - 2004/10/1. N2 - Purpose: To clarify physician- and nurse-reported effects of intravenous hydration therapy on symptoms of terminally ill patients with cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of Japanese physicians and nurses. The respondents were requested to report their clinical observations about improvement or deterioration of seven symptoms of terminally ill patients with lung or gastric cancer receiving 0.5-1 L/d intravenous hydration therapy, 1.5-2 L/d intravenous hydration therapy, and reduction of intravenous hydration volume from 1.5-2 L/d to 0.5-1 L/d. Results: The responses from a total of 413 oncologists, 88 palliative care physicians, 2735 oncology nurses, and 593 palliative care nurses were analyzed ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reducing deaths from diarrhoea through oral rehydration therapy. AU - Victora, Cesar G.. AU - Bryce, Jennifer. AU - Fontaine, Olivier. AU - Monasch, Roeland. PY - 2000/11/7. Y1 - 2000/11/7. N2 - In 1980, diarrhoea was the leading cause of child mortality, accounting for 4.6 million deaths annually. Efforts to control diarrhoea over the past decade have been based on multiple, potentially powerful interventions implemented more or less simultaneously. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was introduced in 1979 and rapidly became the cornerstone of programmes for the control of diarrhoeal diseases. We report on the strategy for controlling diarrhoea through case management, with special reference to ORT, and on the relationship between its implementation and reduced mortality. Population-based data on the coverage and quality of facility-based use of ORT are scarce, despite its potential importance in reducing mortality, especially for severe cases, ORT use rates during the 1980s are ...
Perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) may improve outcome after high-risk surgery. Minimal invasive measurement of stroke volume variation (SVV) has been recommended to guide fluid therapy. We intended to study how perioperative GDFT with arterial-based continuous SVV monitoring influences postoperative complications in a high-risk surgical population. From February 1st 2012, all ASA 3 and 4 patients undergoing abdominal surgery in two university hospitals were assessed for randomization into a control group or GDFT group. An arterial-line cardiac output monitor was used to measure SVV, and fluid was given after an algorithm in the intervention group. Restrictions of the method excluded patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, patients with atrial fibrillation and patients with severe mitral/aortal stenosis. To detect a decrease in number of complication from 40 % in the control group to 20 % in the GDFT group, n = 164 patients were needed (power 80 %, alpha 0.05, two-sided test). To include
Intravenous fluid therapy provides numerous benefits to our sick patients, which include providing for rehydration, correction of hypotension, correction of electrolyte disturbances, a route for administering parenteral nutrition, and a route for the administration of many important medications. Following along the lines that no medication is perfectly safe, this paper will review the types of various complications that can arise from intravenous fluid therapy. Some of these problems are minor while others can be of life threatening proportions to the patient.. Thrombophlebitis, Catheter Sepsis, and Catheter Embolus. These are three of the most catastrophic complications associated with indwelling intravenous catheters. All catheters support infection and may trigger thrombophlebitis. There are differences between plastics as cannulas made of fluoroethylenepropylene (Teflon) are associated with lesser incidence of venous irritation than those made of polyvinyl chloride and tetrafluoroethylene. ...
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tissue. Fluids administered by the oral and hypodermic routes are absorbed more slowly than those given intravenously. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple treatment for dehydration associated with diarrhea, particularly gastroenteritis/gastroenteropathy, such as that caused by cholera or rotavirus. ORT consists of a solution of salts and sugars which is taken by mouth. For most mild to moderate dehydration in children, the preferable treatment in an emergency department is ORT over intravenous replacement of fluid. It is used around the world, but is most important in the developing world, where it saves millions of children a ...
There is described a fluid treatment system comprising an array of independent fluid treatment reactors. The reactors are arranged in a manner whereby a flow of fluid may be passed through the array in a substantially helical direction. The fluid treatment system is capable of treating large volumes of fluid (e.g., water) while requiring a relatively small foot print. In essence, the present fluid treatment system concentrates a relatively large number of radiation sources in a relatively small amount of space resulting in the ability to treat large volumes of fluid (e.g., water).
Influence of stroke volume variation on fluid treatment and postoperative complications in thoracic surgery Cengiz Sahutoglu, Erbil Turksal, Seden Kocabas, Fatma Zekiye Askar Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey Background: Fluid management in critically ill patients usually relies on increasing preload to augment cardiac output. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether stroke volume variation (SVV) can guide fluid therapy and reduce complications.Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 88 patients who underwent lobectomy were divided into two groups: group 1 (SVV, n=43) and group 2 (conventional or central venous pressure [CVP], n=45). Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, SVV (only group 1), CVP (all patients), urea, creatinine, and hemoglobin levels before and after surgery, use of fluid, blood and inotropic agents, and postoperative complications were recorded retrospectively.Results: The mean age of
Swift and adequate fluid loading is a cornerstone of septic shock therapy. Yet, careful assessment of volume responsiveness and volume amount during the resuscitation process is a prerequisite. Both overzealous initial fluid administration and late fluid overload are harmful and may be associated with increased mortality. Static (i.e., central venous or pulmonary artery occlusion) pressure readings are erroneous for monitoring fluid resuscitation and should be abandoned. Dynamic measurements (i.e., stroke volume and pulse pressure variation) better predict fluid responsiveness than static filling pressures but the conditions necessary for these parameters to correctly evaluate preload dependency are frequently not met. The passive leg raising maneuver as a means to alter biventricular preload in combination with real-time measurement of cardiac output changes is an easy-to-use, fast, relatively unbiased, and accurate bedside test to guide fluid management and to avoid fluid overload during early septic
It is important to achieve a fluid status that is good enough to avoid low urine production. Low urine output has various limits, but an output of 0.5 mL/kg/h in adults is usually considered adequate and suggests adequate organ perfusion. The parkland formula is not perfect and fluid therapy will need to be titrated to hemodynamic values and urine output.. The speed of fluid replacement may differ between procedures. The planning of fluid replacement for burn patients is based on the Parkland formula (4mL Lactated Ringers X wt.in kg X % TBSA burned= Amount of fluid ( in ml) to give over 24 hours). The Parkland formula gives the minimum amount to be given in 24 hours. Half of the volume is given over the first eight hours after the time of the burn (not from time of admission to ED) and the other half over the next 16 hours. In dehydration, 2/3 of the deficit may be given in 4 hours, and the rest during approx. 20 hours.. The initial volume expansion period is called the fluid challenge, and may ...
It is important to achieve a fluid status that is good enough to avoid low urine production. Low urine output has various limits, but an output of 0.5 mL/kg/h in adults is usually considered adequate and suggests adequate organ perfusion. The parkland formula is not perfect and fluid therapy will need to be titrated to hemodynamic values and urine output.. The speed of fluid replacement may differ between procedures. The planning of fluid replacement for burn patients is based on the Parkland formula (4mL Lactated Ringers X wt.in kg X % TBSA burned= Amount of fluid ( in ml) to give over 24 hours). The Parkland formula gives the minimum amount to be given in 24 hours. Half of the volume is given over the first eight hours after the time of the burn (not from time of admission to ED) and the other half over the next 16 hours. In dehydration, 2/3 of the deficit may be given in 4 hours, and the rest during approx. 20 hours.. The initial volume expansion period is called the fluid challenge, and may ...
books.google.comhttps://books.google.com/books/about/Oral_Rehydration_Therapy_for_Treatment_o.html?id=g-VFAAAAYAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareOral Rehydration Therapy for Treatment of Diarrhoea in the Home ...
ALVES, Josélia T. L.; TROSTER, Eduardo J. and OLIVEIRA, Carlos Augusto C. de. Isotonic saline solution as maintenance intravenous fluid therapy to prevent acquired hyponatremia in hospitalized children. J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) [online]. 2011, vol.87, n.6, pp.478-486. ISSN 0021-7557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2133.. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to evaluate if the use of hypotonic saline solutions as maintenance intravenous fluid therapy in hospitalized children increases the risk of hyponatremia, if the administration of isotonic fluids is able to protect against acquired hyponatremia and if the isotonic solutions increase the risks of deleterious effects such as hypernatremia or fluid overload. SOURCES: We researched the relevant literature on the PubMed (Jan 01 1969 to Jul 13 2011), EMBASE (1989 to 2011) and Cochrane Library (1989 to 2011) databases. Furthermore, references of selected studies were included. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Hospitalized children are potentially at risk of developing ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pulse pressure power spectrum predicts volume responsiveness in shock patients without sedation. AU - Lee, Chih Hsin. AU - Wang, Jann Yuan. AU - Wu, Yao Kuang. AU - Chiu, Hung Wen. AU - Lan, Chou Chin. AU - Chang, Hung. AU - Chen, Chi Yuan. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - The authors investigated whether the pulse pressure power spectrum (PPPS) could predict the effect of volume expansion (VE) in shock patients under mechanical ventilation without sedation. The PPPS within a frequency band of 0.15 to 0.75 Hz was developed with an animal model using nine domesticated piglets simulating acute hemorrhagic shock and then validated in 17 nonsedated mechanically ventilated shock patients. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after VE. In the animal model under anesthesia and pressure-controlled ventilation, the absolute and proportional change of cardiac index after VE (ΔCI and ΔCI%) positively correlated with the square root of PPPS (SQRT-PPPS, r = 0.34 and r = 0.72, ...
Bacterial infections As described earlier, phagocytic innate untouched cells are carping for the ini- tial exempt awareness of bacteria toe PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acids in the bacterial cubicle embankment. The Start initial intravenous fluid therapy with determination of central venous pressure might RingerпїЅs acetate or 5% glucose in regular saline even be essential in the treatment of severe answer on the fee of 10-20 ml/kg body weight cases of shock that arent easily reversible. On theoretical grounds, it has Treatment of the sperm with comparatively heavy doses of x-rays induces the occurrence of true gene mutations in a high proportion the treated germ cells appeared to the present author that radiations of short wave size must be especially promising for the manufacturing of mutational modifications, and for this and different causes a sequence of experiments concerned with this drawback has been undertaken in the course of the previous year on the fruit ...
Bacterial infections As described earlier, phagocytic innate untouched cells are carping for the ini- tial exempt awareness of bacteria toe PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acids in the bacterial cubicle embankment. The Start initial intravenous fluid therapy with determination of central venous pressure might RingerпїЅs acetate or 5% glucose in regular saline even be essential in the treatment of severe answer on the fee of 10-20 ml/kg body weight cases of shock that arent easily reversible. On theoretical grounds, it has Treatment of the sperm with comparatively heavy doses of x-rays induces the occurrence of true gene mutations in a high proportion the treated germ cells appeared to the present author that radiations of short wave size must be especially promising for the manufacturing of mutational modifications, and for this and different causes a sequence of experiments concerned with this drawback has been undertaken in the course of the previous year on the fruit ...
Why this is important:- In recent years, the use of glucose-containing hypotonic IV fluids in children and young people has been questioned, because of the risk of hyponatraemia. Many children and young people are now prescribed non-glucose-containing isotonic IV fluids for maintenance. However, there are several groups of children and young people, in particular, neonates and some children in the perioperative period (for example, those who underwent prolonged fasting preoperatively, and those who had central blocks during anaesthesia), who may benefit from glucose-containing IV solutions to prevent hypoglycaemia. A blanket prescription of 5 or 10% glucose solution for all may result in hyperglycaemia in some children and young people. However, the use of IV fluids containing lower concentrations of glucose may be sufficient to prevent hypoglycaemia and also avoid unnecessary hyperglycaemia. This may have a clinical application across all age groups, including neonates.. ...
Many maneuvers assessing fluid responsiveness (minifluid challenge, lung recruitment maneuver, end-expiratory occlusion test, passive leg raising) are considered as positive when small variations in cardiac index, stroke volume index, stroke volume variation or pulse pressure variation occur. Pulse contour analysis allows continuous and real-time cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation estimations. To use these maneuvers with pulse contour analysis, the knowledge of the minimal change that needs to be measured by a device to recognize a real change (least significant change) has to be studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the least significant change of cardiac index, stroke volume index, stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation obtained using pulse contour analysis (ProAQT®, Pulsion Medical System, Germany). In this observational study, we included 50 mechanically ventilated patients undergoing neurosurgery in the operating room. Cardiac
Controversy: whether or not aggressive fluid resuscitation is beneficial in the setting of hypotensive trauma. Hypovolemic trauma patients do reliably respond to volume infusion, thus in the past ATLS recommended administration of 2L IVF as rapidly as possible. This recommendation has recently been questioned, as the downsides of dilutional anemia in the trauma setting (namely decreased O2 delivery, hypothermia, coagulopathies, and electrolyte abnormalities) and hypertension in the setting of hemorrhage (increased bleeding) the have come to light. Aggressive fluid administration often leads to a transient rise in BP which leads to increased bleeding and another episode of hypotension, producing a vicious cycle. For this reason, resuscitation has been divided into two phases: early (during active hemorrhage) and late (when hemorrhage has been controlled).. Data Supporting Routine Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation:. (insert text here). Equivocal Data Regarding Routine Aggressive Fluid ...
Before admission to the operating room, the patients were assigned to the control or the GDT group. For both groups of patients, anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 0.25 mg and maintained with propofol 5-10 mg·kg−1·h−1 and remifentanil 1.75-2.25 mg/h via the central venous access. Orotracheal intubation was facilitated with cisatracurium (0.1 mg/kg) except in one patient for whom it was considered to require rapid-sequence induction because of gastroesophageal reflux and thus succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) was used. Via nasal access an esophageal Doppler probe (Deltex Medical, Chichester, United Kingdom) was placed in the mid esophagus guided by visual and auditory signals from the descending aorta. A CardioQ monitor (Deltex Medical) was used to measure flow velocity to calculate SV from a nomogram based on the subjects height, weight, and age.17 In addition, a corrected flow time was estimated, representing the time of the systole corrected to a heart rate (HR) of ...
The cannula of a conventional intravascular catheter is placed into the peritoneal cavity through a small shallow incision in antiseptically prepared skin. The stylet or trocar of the conventional catheter is removed; and a stainless steel elongated flexible guide is inserted through the catheters cannula into the peritoneal cavity. The catheters cannula is removed and a flexible elongated cannula inserted into the cavity over the guide and secured in place with a suture. Fluid operation means is connected to the elongated cannula by connector means to permit fluid treatment after removal of the guide. Apparatus to effect peritoneal fluid treatment are placed in sterile openable sealed packages for storage and transport.
The invention concerns a novel procedure and apparatus for controlling opening and closing of venous and arterial lines in single lumen catheter fluid treatment procedures. Different types of apparatus useful for different types of fluid treatment procedures, in particular hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and plasmapheresis procedures, are disclosed.
Fluid therapy optimization in the perioperative period has been considered as major contributor to improve oxygen delivery. A recent, noninvasive approach to estimate fluid requirements in the anesthetized patient with arterial line is the assessment of difference in pulse pressure (dPP). Intraoperative fluid management by dPP is a goal-directed fluid management approach to avoid both hypervolemia and hypovolemia. However, several clinical factors may impede dPP measurements. Surgical manipulations in abdominal procedures may interfere with hemodynamic stability due to obstruction of the caval vein. Physiological considerations make us hypothesize that only intense pressure impedes caval blood flow and thus hemodynamics and dPP. Therefore, the investigators want to assess those changes after standardized application of three different pressure levels (2 N, 5 N, 10 N) on the caval vein ...
Peri-operative fluid therapy is a controversial area with few randomized trials to guide practice. Fluid management has a significant influence on outcome following surgery. Yet practically, fluid prescription practice during this period is sub-optimal, resulting in avoidable iatrogenic complications.. Several studies have assessed the effect of a liberal vs. a restrictive perioperative fluid regimen on post-operative outcome. However, most of these studies have focused primarily on intra-operative fluid management, whereas postoperative strategies have been less well defined, even though the immediate postoperative period is of critical importance to the patients recovery. Moreover, whereas intra-operative fluid administration is monitored by the anesthesiologist, postoperatively it is less supervised and may result in excess or lack of intravenous (IV) fluids. Therefore, fluid management audit at the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is of paramount importance for patient healthcare. The ...
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. INTRODUCTION. The Mass Media and Health Practices (MMHP) project builds on a fairly extensive history of attempts to use mass media and communication campaigns to carry out health education and health behaviour change programmes. Previous efforts had used different aspects of the approach- research for planning, integrated multi-channel campaign strategy, pre-testing of messages, social marketing techniques, and the use of behavioural methodologies to analyse and generate change - but none had combined all the components and none had tackled the complex set of objectives related to introducing oral rehydration therapy. The MMHP project was thus established with the twin goals of testing and refining the methodology of this type of campaign, and of assessing the campaigns impact on health through the promotion of oral rehydration therapy in a field setting. Because success in both objectives would have implications for health behaviour efforts in ...
Background: In morbidly obese individuals (MO) cardiorespiratory comorbidities and body habitus challenge the perioperative management of anesthesia. To implement safe and reproducible routines for anesthesia and fluid therapy is the cornerstone in order to minimize anesthesia-related complications and to meet individual variability in rehydration needs. Methods: Paper I: Impact of rapid-weight-loss preparation prior to bariatric surgery was investigated. Prevalence of preoperative dehydration and cardiac function were assessed with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Paper II: The anesthetic technique for rapid sequence induction (RSI) in MO based on a combination of volatile and i.v. anesthetics was developed. Pre- and post-induction oxygenation, blood pressure levels and feasibility of the method was evaluated. Paper III: The preoperative ideal body weight based rehydration regime was evaluated by TTE. Paper IV: Need of rehydration during bariatric surgery was evaluated by comparing ...
The management of fluid in the postoperative surgical patient can vary from simple to complex.Postoperative intravenous maintenance fluid therapy ensures adequate organ perfusion, prevents catabolism, ensures electrolyte- and pH-balance, and may be a
Fluid therapy concerns the administration of fluids to bring down (and keep down) the toxin levels of kidney failure. There are many ways to deliver fluids.
We treat knee pain with joint fluid therapy. Non-surgical treatment for osteoarthritis, joint overuse & sports injury with Hyalgan Knee Injections
Fluid resuscitation for children with fever and signs of shock has been controversial. This is partly because many clinical definitions of shock encompass a continuum from adaptive physiological changes to fever, to states of severe hypotension and dysoxia. Fluid therapy for shock has also been controversial because fluid therapy alone will not deal with shock apart from that which occurs solely from extracellular fluid losses. Therefore, in settings where intensive care support is unavailable, fluid therapy alone in some forms of shock will be insufficient. Many children with fever and 1 or 2 clinical cardiovascular signs of shock do not have hypovolemia or dysoxia. They have high levels of adrenaline and renin-angiotensin, leading to tachycardia and vasoconstriction, and raised levels of ADH, which leads to fluid retention, thus protecting them from hypovolemia and shock. The assumption that fluid boluses will improve cardiac output and in turn augment oxygen delivery to tissues is not certain ...
The Endoscopy Fluid management system market during the forecast period will be driven by the increasing prevalence of many chronic diseases related to Urology, Gastroenterology, Gynecology/Obstetrics, Neurology related disorders. Increasing demand and awareness of the minimally invasive an non-invasive surgical processes, an introduction of advanced fluid management and visualization systems, rising government initiatives in reimbursements and support in healthcare, and increasing healthcare infrastructure are also anticipated to drive the Endoscopy Fluid management system market during the forecast period. Furthermore, the rising disposable income predominantly in the developing countries is also likely to take the Endoscopy Fluid management system market forward.. Regionally, the Endoscopy Fluid Management Systems market has been segmented into North America, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific excluding Japan, Latin America, Japan, Eastern Europe and Middle East & Africa. Amid them, North America ...
This comparative safety study revealed two main findings. First, the newborn weight loss and the risk of EWL did not differ when colloids plus crystalloids or crystalloids only intravenous fluids were administered intrapartum for caesarean delivery. Second, there was no dose-response relationship between colloids, crystalloids or total intravenous fluids and an increased risk of EWL. The results were consistent in different models and sensitivity analyses on exclusively breastfed newborns and EWL of ,5% and,10% showed similar results.. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the risk of EWL for different types of intrapartum intravenous fluids for caesarean delivery. Previous studies have demonstrated comparable neonatal safety profiles of colloids versus crystalloids, specifically for neonatal acidosis (risk ratio (RR) 0.2; 95% CI: 0.01 to 4.1) and Apgar score (meta-analysis of 3 studies with 209 women: RR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.1).1 Similarly, no significant ...
Chemist Direct Anti Diarrhoea Products are available for immediate relief. Buy Diarrhoea Fluid Replacement products online from our healthcare range at Chemist Direct.
The objective of this article is to provide a review of the fundamental aspects of body fluid balance and the physiological consequences of water imbalances, as well as discuss considerations for the optimal composition of a fluid replacement beverage across a broad range of applications
Fluid ingestion during exercise has the twin aims of providing a source of carbohydrate fuel to supplement the bodys limited stores and of supplying water and electrolytes to replace the losses incurred by sweating. Increasing the carbohydrate content of drinks will increase the amount of fuel which can be supplied, but will tend to decrease the rate at which water can be made available; where provision of water is the first priority, the carbohydrate content of drinks will be low, thus restricting the rate at which substrate is provided. The composition of drinks to be taken will thus be influenced by the relative importance of the need to supply fuel and water, this in turn depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise task, on the ambient temperature and humidity, and on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the individual athlete. Carbohydrate ingested during exercise appears to be readily available as a fuel for the working muscles, at least when the exercise intensity does
Nutritional and Fluid Requirements for Optimal Energy and Performance With many athletes trying to get the competitive edge over their opponents, opti...
Dynamic and flow-based parameters are more informative than conventional parameters in determining fluid responsiveness and may help you avoid excessive and insufficient fluid administration.7 Clinical studies have shown that conventional volume management methods, based on conventional parameters, are misleading and insensitive.6 Advanced hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV) and stroke volume variation (SVV), are key to optimal fluid administration.. SVV has been proven to be a highly sensitive and specific indicator for preload responsiveness when managing perfusion. As a dynamic parameter, SVV has been shown to be an accurate predictor of fluid responsiveness in loading conditions induced by mechanical ventilation.6,8,9. ...
Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically-obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity, and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater BMI or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling), intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance), and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically-healthy controls matched for age (43{plus minus}3 and 40{plus minus}3 y; P=0 ...
Index: Intravenous fluid therapy :: Printer friendly Original article by: Michael Tam Bag of IV fluids The easy (autopilot) way: Assumptions: That the patient is relatively normal normal size relatively well no kidney failure no heart failure no electrolyte disturbance no particular abnormal losses patient is nil-by-mouth (i.e., they have no other sources of hydration)…
Leon graduated as a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Murdoch University (Western Australia) in 2009. Following graduation, he undertook an internship in anaesthesia, emergency and critical care medicine. Leon joined the anaesthesia section at the University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital in 2010 where he completed a three-year specialty training program in anaesthesia and pain management as well as a clinical Master degree in Anaesthesia. In 2015, he completed an externship in paediatric anaesthesia and trauma management at The Austin and Royal Melbourne Hospitals. Leon is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and a Member of the Australian College of Veterinary Scientists anaesthesia chapter. Leons research focuses on pain-management, and he is completing a PhD in Perioperative Assessment and Management of Pain in Cats. His clinical interests are intravenous fluid therapy, pain management, and strategies for improving outcomes in field anaesthesia of ...
Accepting PhD Students. PhD projects. Professor Maxwell is open to PhD applications in the fields of: - Large scale genomics of chronic kidney disease including genome-wide and epigenetic association studies - Clinical epidemiology of chronic kidney disease - Decision making and conservative management of end-stage renal disease - Medical education projects with focus on intravenous fluid therapy ...
Abstract of Paper: Glucose-Containing/Glucose-Free Alternating Intraoperative Fluid Regimen Modulates Blood Glucose Levels In Neurosurgical Non-Diabetic Patients , Author: Ehab El-Shahat, MD, Mohamed Ahmed Al-Rabiey, MD, Ehab Abdel Aziem, MD & Ahmed Saleh, MD , Year: 2006 , Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
A 5 year old boy passed 18 loose stools in last 24 hour and vomited twice in last 4 hour. he is irritable but drinking fluids. The optimal therapy for this child is: 1. Intravenous fluids.2. Oral rehydration therapy.3. Intravenous fluid initially for 4 hours followed by oral fluids.4. Plain water... ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Oral rehydration formula containing alanine and glucose for treatment of diarrhoea. T2 - A controlled trial. AU - Patra, F. C.. AU - Sack, D. A.. AU - Islam, A.. AU - Alam, A. N.. AU - Mazumder, R. N.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - Objective - To determine whether adding L-alanine to the glucose based oral rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organisation would improve its efficacy in treating acute diarrhoea. Design - Randomised double blind controlled trial of oral rehydration solution containing L-alanine and glucose. Setting - Inpatient service of a hospital treating diarrhoea. Patients - 97 Male patients aged 6-59 years admitted to the hospital with acute and severe dehydration due to diarrhoea associated with Vibrio cholerae or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Forty nine received the standard glucose based oral rehydration solution (control group) and 48 this solution with alanine added (study group). Interventions - All of the patients received rapid ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution improved intestinal permeability and small intestinal mucosal recovery.. AU - Tran, Cuong. AU - Hawkes, Joanna. AU - Graham, Robin. AU - Kitchen, Julie. AU - Symonds, Erin. AU - Davidson, Geoffrey. AU - Butler, Ross. PY - 2015/6/4. Y1 - 2015/6/4. N2 - A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis (≥3 loose stools per day). All were treated for 5 days following admission with either zinc (Zn, 3 mg) or without Zn-fortified rice-based oral rehydration solution (ORS). 13C-sucrose breath test (SBT) and intestinal permeability (lactulose/rhamnose or L/R ratio) were performed concurrently prior to commencement of ORS with or without Zn and at day 5 post-admission. There was a significant improvement in the SBT results in both the Zn-fortified group, median (5th-95th percentile) 2.1% (0.4% to 8.3%) versus 4.4% (0.4% to 10.4%), P ,.05, and control group, 1.4% (0.1% to 5.4%) ...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different positive end expiratory pressures (PEEP) on functional hemodynamic parameters in patients lying in prone position during operation under general anesthesia.. METHODS: Totally 60 patients undergoing cervical vertebra operation or lumbar vertebra operation were studied. All patients were also monitored with Vigileo/FloTrac system. The functional hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and pleth variability index (PVI) under PEEP levels of 0 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 10 mmHg, and 15 mmHg were recorded before and after volume expansion (hydroxyethyl starch 6%,7 ml/kg). Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in stroke volume index (SVI) ≥ 15%(△SVI ≥ 15%). Responders were defined as patients demonstrating an increase in SVI ≥ 15% after intravascular volume expansion and non-responders as patients whose SVI changed ,15%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for SVV, ...
As part of an evaluation of child survival programmes in 13 African countries, cluster surveys were carried out in two Liberian counties in 1984 and 1988 to measure use of three primary health care services: immunization of infants, antimalarial treatment of children with fever, and oral rehydration of childhood diarrhoea. Immunization rates...
Pedialyte and Gatorade were the best in breed once upon a time, but researchers formulated these drinks when Richard Nixon was the President. If you think your dog is dehydrated, there are many simple ways to rehydrate her and get her feeling better again. It was created by Canadian researchers. Pedialyte ® is an oral rehydration solution scientifically formulated with the optimal balance of sugar and electrolytes to help replenish vital fluids and minerals to help prevent dehydration.. For over 50 years, Pedialyte ® has been helping children and adults recover from challenging episodes of dehydration.. There are multiple powdered forms of them available in the market, but the best point is, you can even make yours right in the home. Homemade dehydration cat serum To replenish electrolytes and offer water to your dehydrated cat, you can make an excellent homemade serum for oral consumption, using these 5 simple and inexpensive ingredients: 1994), and the rate of gastric emptying of fluids is ...
NEW ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION IS MORE EFFECTIVE FOR TREATING CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA World Health Organization Plans to Make Changes Based on New Research Findings
OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a hyposmolar oral rehydration solution (H-ORS) (245 mmol/liter) with the World… Expand ...
THIS book is a neat and concise summary of many key concepts in veterinary fluid therapy. It is very readable, and designed to give key facts that any practitioner needs to know about any fluid that goes through an IV line. Crystalloids, colloids, blood products and intravenous (IV) nutrition are all discussed. Further, the book includes 15 pages on electrolyte disorders - sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate and magnesium - that are succinct and will serve as a ready reference for the practitioner in a hurry. There are no surprises in the content and experienced practitioners will find this book to be familiar ground. Contrary to the title, however, the book does not deliver any information on acid-base theory or interpretation. There are no chapters ...
Small Animal Fluid Therapy, Acid-base and Electrolyte Disorders Book is now available for free to download pdf by thevetscare.com
Author Summary Diarrheagenic illness remains a major disease burden in the developing world. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the leading bacterial cause of such disease; hundreds of millions of cases occur every year. The severe watery diarrhoea associated with ETEC infections results from the action of enterotoxins. The toxins target human gut epithelial cells and trigger the loss of water and electrolytes into the gut lumen. Oral rehydration therapy can counteract this process. Hence, glucose and salt solutions promote rehydration of the patient. In this work we show that the gene regulatory mechanisms controlling toxin expression respond directly to sugar and salt. Furthermore, we describe a molecular mechanism to explain these effects. Hence, we provide a starting point for the optimisation of oral rehydration solutions to reduce toxin expression over the course of an ETEC infection.
Fluid Therapy For Veterinary Nurses And Technicians 2003 by Paula Jane Hotston Moore http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41JMMDAM6HL._SL500_AA240_.jpg Pages: 136 Publisher: --
Dogs with acute pancreatitis often require hospitalization for fluid therapy, medications for pain and vomiting, and other supportive care. Food and water are initially withheld to allow the pancreas to heal. A feeding tube may be recommended in some dogs. Severe acute pancreatitis can be life-threatening and can rapidly deteriorate if not treated promptly. Many dogs with chronic pancreatitis do not require hospitalization; however, those with severe bouts may be hospitalized for intravenous fluid therapy. For dogs with chronic pancreatitis, every effort is made to identify any other abdominal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or cholangiohepatitis, because the presence of these diseases can make recovery more complicated and prolonged. With diagnosis of pancreatitis, the diet is changed to one with a lower fat content. If the dog does not respond to the new diet within 2-3 weeks, anti-inflammatory medications may be tried. These drugs must be used with care, because they can ...
1 Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Kırıkkale Viewed : 128 - Downloaded : 73 One of the most important factors for reducing the diarrhea related calf deaths is the application of appropriate fluid therapy. Treatments with antibacterial, antiparasitic or motilitating agents used in neonatal calf diarrhea, where fluid treatment is inadequate, can often be ineffective and resulted in calf loss. However, the fluid therapy is not as innocent as you think. The incidence of overhydrating-related pulmonary edema due to clinical findings such as dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, as well as the incidence of complications due to false or excessive fluid, such as hypothermia, is higher than expected. In an ideal fluid therapy to be applied to diarrhea, the metabolic changes that have been occurred must be carefully interpreted to remove dehydration, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, and meet daily requirements. For this purpose, determining which fluid to ...
As reviewed by Richard Guerrant et al (1), it was in 1831 that cholera treatment could be accomplished by intravenous replacement, and, although this therapy could produce dramatic improvements, not until 1960 was it 1st recognized that there was no true destruction of the intestinal mucosa, and gastrointestinal rehydration therapy could be effective, and the therapy could dramatically reduce the intravenous needs for rehydration. Indeed, that this rehydration could be just as effective given orally as through an orogastric tube (for example, refs 2 and 3) made it possible for oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to be used in rural remote areas and truly impact on the morbidity and mortality of cholera. Indeed, Guerrant et al (1) highlights the use of oral glucose-salt packets in war-torn Bangladeshi refugees, which reduced the mortality rate from 30 per cent to 3.6 per cent (4) and quotes sources referring to ORT as potentially the most important medical advance of the 20th century. A variety of ...
Hypovolemia shock with hypotension should be treated by rapid restoration of intravascular volume using isotonic crystalloid solutions such as 0.9% saline. In the first two hours 1-2 L of fluid may be required to correct hypovolemia. In children, the initial fluid bolus of 10 ml/kg is usually adequate within the first hour (maximum 20 ml/kg) as hypotension is unusual. There is an increased risk of cerebral edema with overly aggressive fluid resuscitation (,40 ml/kg in first 4 hours). If hypotension persists despite 20 ml/kg, there should be a low threshold for use of inotropes. Adolescent patients are also at risk for development of cerebral edema but may still require large fluid volumes if septic shock is present. In this scenario small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline (5 ml/kg 3% saline) may be prudent to avoid large volumes of fluid replacement. Hyperlactemia is often present as a marker for sepsis as it is usually not elevated in uncomplicated childhood ketoacidosis. Although ...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of intravenous ondansetron or dexamethasone compared with intravenous fluid therapy alone in children presenting to the emergency department with refractory vomiting from viral gastritis who had failed attempts at oral hydration.. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department. Children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting with more than three episodes of vomiting in the past 24 hours, mild/moderate dehydration, and failed oral hydration were included. Patients with other medical causes were excluded. Subjects were randomized to dexamethasone 1 mg/kg (15 mg maximum), ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg, or placebo (normal saline [NS], 10 mL). All subjects also received intravenous NS at 10-20 mL/kg/hr. Oral fluid tolerance was evaluated at two and four hours. Those not tolerating oral fluids at four hours were admitted. Discharged patients were evaluated at 24 and 72 hours for vomiting and repeat ...
Variations in systemic arterial pressure with positive-pressure breathing are frequently used to guide fluid management in hemodynamically unstable patients. However, because of the complex...
NASDAQ: MASI) announced today that an 18-study meta-analysis of 665 subjects reported that Masimos Pleth Variability Index (PVI®), available with Masimos SET® and rainbow® SET® monitoring platforms, may help clinicians assess fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in normal sinus rhythm in the operating room and intensive care unit.1. Clinicians commonly use intravenous fluid administration in the operating room and intensive care unit to attempt to improve blood flow, or cardiac output.2 Administering either too little fluid or too much fluid can increase patient risk. 2 However, traditional static monitoring parameters such as central venous pressure (CVP) are considered unreliable to assess fluid responsiveness. 2 Therefore, experts recommend the use of dynamic parameters that measure physiologic variation over the respiratory cycle.3 Multiple dynamic parameters have been shown to help clinicians assess fluid responsiveness, but most dynamic parameters require ...
Patients with severe acute malnutrition. Patients with severe acute malnutrition should receive oral rehydration with low-osmolarity ORS instead of the standard rehydration solution for diarrhea, ReSoMal, which does not have sufficient sodium content to replace the losses from cholera. More information is available in WHOs guidelinespdf iconexternal icon for inpatient treatment of severely malnourished infants and children. Breastfed infants should continue to breastfeed. If ORS is not available, provide water, broth, and/or other fluids; avoid fluids high in sugar, such as juice, soft drinks, and sports drinks.. Pregnant women. Pregnant women with cholera are at a higher risk of fetal loss compared with the general population of pregnant women, and dehydration should be treated promptly. Dehydration can be difficult to assess and may be underestimated during the later stages of pregnancy. Closely monitor the patients degree of dehydration, response to treatment, and systolic blood ...
A pattern of decreasing resistance was found in nonsurvivor patients, reflecting an increased distribution volume. Higher values of net fluid balance in nonsurvivors are due to higher amounts of intravenous fluid therapy used in more severe trauma patients. TBI may help evaluate body fluid compartments in trauma patients, and may also be helpful in identifying high-risk patients who would benefit from more aggressive therapeutic interventions. ...
Diarrhoea, diarrhea, diarrhoeal diseases, dehydration and oral rehydration are the focus of Rehydration Project. We create and support diarrhoea management programs that rehydrate a dehydrated child through the promotion of oral rehydration salts [ORS]. We also promote breastfeeding, achieving and maintaining high levels of immunization, improving access to clean water and safe sanitation and encourage hygiene education.
Diarrhoea, diarrhea, diarrhoeal diseases, dehydration and oral rehydration are the focus of Rehydration Project. We create and support diarrhoea management programs that rehydrate a dehydrated child through the promotion of oral rehydration salts [ORS]. We also promote breastfeeding, achieving and maintaining high levels of immunization, improving access to clean water and safe sanitation and encourage hygiene education.
BACKGROUND: Non-compressible torso hemorrhage is a leading cause of traumatic death. Our aim was to examine survival time and the expression of key master genes of cellular metabolism after 3% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine and Mg (ALM) bolus and 4hr 0.9% NaCl/ALM drip in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (425±8g) were anesthetized and randomly assigned to saline controls (n=10) or ALM therapy (n=10). Hemorrhage was induced by liver resection (60% left lateral lobe). After 15min, a single intravenous bolus of 3% NaCl ± ALM (0.7ml/kg) was administered (Phase 1), and after 60min, a 0.9% NaCl ± ALM stabilization drip (0.5ml/kg/hour) was infused for 4hrs (Phase 2) with 72hr monitoring. Mean arterial pressure and lactate were measured. After 72hrs (or high moribund score), tissues were freeze-clamped and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted in heart, brain and liver, and the relative expressions of amp-k, mitCO3, PGC-1α and sirt-1 genes were ...
Many clients are aware that their pet requires dental cleaning and treatment, but shy away due to the fact that we must anesthetize their pets in order to provide appropriate dental care and perform safe and necessary procedures. While we understand that there are risks with anesthesia, we take all necessary steps to make it as safe as possible for your pets. We begin by performing a complete physical exam the day of the procedure to assure there are no obvious health problems, such as a heart murmur, pale gums, a fever, ets. We also offer pre-anesthetic blood screening to assure that your pets internal organs are working properly. We also require intravenous fluid therapy to maintain blood pressure, protect the kidneys and allow for smoother anesthetic recovery. Please discuss these features with any member of our staff. We will be happy to address your concerns and put your mind at ease.. But, my other doctor used to scrape the tartar off with his thumbnail. Why isnt this ok? There are MANY ...
1118. Yes, this is a reprint of one of my older blogs. But its an important one. Perhaps even lifesaving. I try to reprint this one every six months or so. With the news very slow this weekend, this seems like an ideal time to do so. Dehydration, and severe diarrheal disease, particularly among children in the third world, is a massive killer. Recognizing this threat, more than 25 years ago the WHO (World Health Organization) came up with what is now called ORS, or an Oral Rehydration Solution. Hundreds of millions of sachets, or packets of this powder, are shipped each year to various third world countries, and there is no doubt that their use has greatly decreased the loss of life due to cholera, dysentery, and other diseases. In a Flu Pandemic, the need for ORS will be great throughout the world. In western societies, where modern medical care is common, IVs are generally used instead of ORS. There are economic and psychological reasons for this, although many doctors argue that ORS would ...
Volume depletion takes place when fluid is lost from the extracellular space at a rate exceeding net intake. Acute hemorrhage is the leading cause of acute life-threatening intravascular volume loss requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation to maintain tissue perfusion until the underlying cause can be corrected.
300 hours revision of 1500 Video Lectures Crash Course on General Medicine, Surgery,Gynaecology,Obstetrics, Orthopedics based on University Previous Exam Questi
Acute diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infants and pre-school children are the most vulnerable in whom there are 2-3 million deaths each year as a result of the associated dehydration and acidosis. Although oral rehydration therapy has reduced mortality during the past 30 years ago, the search for agents that will directly inhibit intestinal secretory mechanisms and thereby reduce faecal losses in patients with high-volume watery diarrhea has continued for more than 20 years. A variety of potential targets for antisecretory agents have been explored which include loci within the enterocyte (the chloride channel, calcium-calmodulin) and other sites such as enteric nerves and endogenous mediators (such as 5-HT, prostaglandins ...
Another name for Gastroenteritis is Gastroenteritis. Home care for gastroenteritis includes: * Drink plenty of fluids. * Oral rehydration therapy for ...
Zinc sulfate is used medically as a dietary supplement.[3] Specifically it is used to treat zinc deficiency and to prevention the conditions in those at high risk.[3] This includes use together with oral rehydration therapy for children who have diarrhea.[4] General use is not recommended.[3] It may be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[3] Side effects may include abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and feeling tired.[4] While normal doses are deemed safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, the safety of larger doses is unclear.[1] Greater care should be taken in those with kidney problems.[4] Zinc is an essential mineral in people as well as other animals.[5] The medical use of zinc sulfate began as early as the 1600s.[6] It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines.[7] Zinc sulfate is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[3][1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.01-18 per day.[8] In the United Kingdom ten days of treatment ...
In this thesis, a model-based closed-loop fluid resuscitation controller using mean arterial pressure (MAP) feedback is designed and later evaluated on an in-silico testbed. The controller is based on a subject specific model of blood volume and MAP response to fluid infusion. This simple hemodynamic model is described using five parameters only. The model was able to reproduce blood volume and blood pressure response to fluid infusion using an experimental dataset collected from 23 sheep and is therefore suitable to use for control design purposes. A model-reference adaptive control scheme was chosen to account for inter-subject variability captured in the parametric uncertainties of the underlying physiological model. Three versions of the control algorithm were studied under different measurement availability scenarios. In-silico evaluation of the three controllers was done using a comprehensive cardiovascular physiology model on a cohort of 100 virtually generated patients. Results clearly ...
In a recent issue of AJKD, Severs et al highlighted the complications of commonly used intravenous solutions for volume management. Complete our nephrology jumble-bumble to test your knowlegde on fluid management!. ...
In the operating room, the concept of supranormal oxygen transport values as a therapeutic goal has been validated in high-risk surgical patients. Several studies have shown that perioperative oxygen delivery maximization (which is proportional to cardiac output, hemoglobin and arterial oxygen saturation) in high-risk surgical patients decreases the length of stay in the ICU and in hospital, while decreasing morbidity and mortality. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that perioperative cardiac output maximization is able to decrease the length of hospital stay and ICU admissions, and may influence long-term outcome.40 Most of these studies used colloid titration to increase cardiac output by leading patients to the plateau of the Frank-Starling curve. Cardiac output maximization was performed using cardiac output monitoring (the plateau of the Frank-Starling curve is achieved when cardiac output no longer increases after fluid challenge). However, a recent survey among North American ...
Replacement fluids (e.g., LRS) are intended to replace lost body fluids and electrolytes. Isotonic polyionic replacement crystalloids such as LRS may be used as either replacement or as maintenance fluids. Using replacement solutions for short-term maintenance fluid therapy typically does not alter electrolyte balance; however, electrolyte imbalances can occur in patients with renal disease or in those receiving long-term administration of replacement solutions for maintenance.. Administering replacement solutions such as LRS for maintenance predisposes the patient to hypernatremia and hypokalemia because these solutions contain more sodium (Na) and less potassium (K) than the patient normally loses.Well-hydrated patients with normal renal function are typically able to excrete excess Na and thus do not develop hypernatremia. Hypokalemia may develop in patients that receive replacement solutions for maintenance fluid therapy if they are either anorexic or have vomiting or diarrhea because the ...
Intravenous therapy is therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous). The intravenous (IV) route of administration can be used for injections (with a syringe at higher pressures) or infusions (typically using only the pressure supplied by gravity). Intravenous infusions are commonly referred to as drips. The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body, because the circulation carries them. Intravenous therapy may be used for fluid replacement (such as correcting dehydration), to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications, and for blood transfusions. Intravenous systems can be categorized by which type of vein the inserted tube, called the catheter, empties into. A peripheral line is used on peripheral veins (the veins in the arms, hands, legs and feet). This is the most common type of IV therapy used. Central IV lines have their catheters that are advanced through a vein and empty into a ...
This session will explain how to assess volume status in the sick adult patient, including the patient with acute kidney injury, and how to use fluid therapy in adults. Key facts and evidence regarding use of intravenous fluids in acute kidney injury will be covered ...
Journal Article 2011; 32(3): 345-348 PubMed PMID: 21712791 Citation Keywords: Animals, Blood Glucose:metabolism, Escherichia coli Infections:pathology, Fluid Therapy, Glycerol:blood, Hypovolemia:therapy, Isotonic Solutions:therapeutic use, Lactic Acid:blood, Microdialysis, Plasma Substitutes:therapeutic use, Pyruvic Acid:blood, Res. OBJECTIVE: Hypovolemia has occurs frequently in sepsis. Due to pathologically increased permeability of the capillaries, the fluid leaks to the interstitium. An adequate fluid therapy is the corner stone to achieve circulatory stabilization and sufficient tissue perfusion; on the other hand, according to the data from the literature a tissue swelling is associated with a risk of deteriorated function of the tissues. The study aimed to examine the effect of a positive fluid balance on muscular metabolism ...
PubMed journal article: Intraoperative fluid optimization using stroke volume variation in high risk surgical patients: results of prospective randomized study. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
Dr. Hussain Azhar, Assistant Professor Medical Unit ll, Civil Hospital Karachi, was invited for a lecture on ABG and Fluid Management. Dr. Hussain started with the basics of Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs), and emphasized on checking acidosis and alkalosis first. He described acidosis and alkalosis with reference to the pH values. He explained metabolic acidosis, a situation in which pH is decreased due to fall in bicarbonate ions concentration.. For the basic understandings of fluid management, he first explained different fluid compartments of the body and the percentage of total fluids. Then he enlightened about different options to balance the fluids of the body out of which the common fluids are normal saline, dextrose water and ringers lactate. Among these fluids, the normal saline is given most commonly to resuscitate the patient in emergency room.. ...
Critically ill patients with trauma, burns, surgery or sepsis are often given intravenous fluids to expand intravascular volume. When it comes to selecting the resuscitation fluid, one of the choices is between using a colloid or a crystalloid solution. This choice has considerable cost implications, because volume replacement with colloids is much more expensive than…
Inflammation of the pancreas can often be treated in your veterinarians office. Treatment for pancreatitis is essentially symptomatic and supportive and involves fluid therapy, pain relief, medications to control nausea and vomiting, antibiotics, and sometimes plasma transfusions. Because of the close association between intestinal inflammation and pancreatitis, your veterinarian may also prescribe a short course of corticosteroids until a final diagnosis can be made. If the inflammation is being caused by a medication your pet is taking, the medication will be withdrawn immediately.. It is important to restrict your cats activity level following any treatment to allow for healing. Your veterinarian may need to prescribe fluid therapy during this time to prevent dehydration.. If vomiting is persistent, drugs will be prescribed to help control it, and if your pet is experiencing severe pain, pain relievers can be given. (Pain medication should only be given with supervision from your ...
Week 22: 2011-10-12 (non-consecutive weeks) Suppose your child has vomited for days and is too weak to walk. The grid is down and the hospital is closed, their generator having run out of fuel. You have no idea where to find a doctor or nurse.. However, you have dutifully prepared, purchasing IV fluids, tubing, and needles for just such an occurrence. Just one thing, though . . . youve never given an IV and are scared to death to try.. Is there any other way to administer IV fluids, perhaps something a bit easier?. The answer is yes, via subcutaneous fluid administration (hypodermoclysis). Unfortunately, most doctors are as unfamiliar with the technique as patients may be. Our veterinary friends are more likely to have experience with this fluid replacement therapy.. Even nurses often find it difficult to find a vein in an elderly and/or dehydrated patient. Fortunately, it is possible to treat mild to moderate dehydration by infusing fluids (saline solution) just below the skin (sub=under; ...
Aggressive fluid resuscitation helps to counteract the significant plasma leak associated with anaphylaxis and complement parenteral epinephrine therapy. Children might require successive IV fluid boluses of 20 mL/kg and adults might require successive IV boluses of 1,000 mL to maintain blood pressure in the early stages of anaphylaxis. To overcome venous resistance, fluids administered through IO catheters should be infused under pressure using an infusion pump, pressure bag, or manual pressure. ...
Fluid should be given by a teaspoon until the amount of urine returns to normal and becomes clear. If baby vomits, rehydration should be tried after 10-15 minutes again. If baby is on formula, switching to a lactose-free formula should be tried. Cows milk and undiluted fruit juices should be avoided. In poor countries, WHO-ORS (oral rehydration solutions provided by World Health Organization) powdered packages are available. Water should be boiled before preparing the solution; a fresh solution has to be prepared every day.. NOTE: If oral rehydration is not possible from any reason, a doctor should be visited promptly.. ...
In Scotland about 4,500 patients die each year around the time of surgery. Because of a lack of critical care facilities, patients usually receive post-operative care in either the general surgical ward environment or a ward-based surgical HDU. This study was an economic evaluation as part of a multi-centred randomised trial to evaluate both the roles of (a) high dependency care versus intensive care in the post-operative period after high-risk major surgery and (b) pre-operative fluid loading, using a 2*2 factorial design.. Due to a lack of availability of intensive care unit beds, recruitment to the first comparison was postponed and the study focused instead on the straight forward comparison of fluid loading using 25ml/kg of Ringers lactate solution, compared to no routine fluid loading in the management of high risk surgical elective surgical patients in Scotland.. The study found that a pragmatic fluid loading intervention consisting of ringers lactate solution delivered in the hours ...