A Diagnostic Tool for diagnosing or analysing your fish diseases with the help of many practical photographs of diseased fish.. FREE OF CHARGE!!!. This is a small sample of our Computer Software and our book on fish diseases that are available for sale!. Click on the disease sign or symptom and pictures to obtain more info on the disease! Good luck!. BUT if this tool cannot help you, you might need the ONLINE Consult for fish diseases. Fill in the questionnaire and we might be able to help you.. Or you can buy or books or apps= now availabe online = www.geraldbassleer.com. We give also training on diagnosing & treating fish diseases: See Our Products =Education & Training. Some good advice = Treat your fish well and use our Dr. Bassleers BIOFISH FOOD = makes your fish healthy= Prevents and helps to control diseases by using a functional food with nutricaments= click here. ...

Viral diseases in fish Most serious fish diseases are caused by viruses. We are therefore primarily concerned with viral fish diseases, and especially with viruses within the rhabdoviridae family (VHSV, IHNV, Perch RV, SVCV, and others), but also within the alloherpesviridae (CyHV1-3, AnHV-1), birnaviridae (IPNV), orthomyxoviridae (ISAV), and iridoviridae (EHNV and ranavirus) families.. In addition, we maintain contingency on viruses within the alphaviridae, nodaviridae and reoviridae families. The Fish Diseases Group is primarily built around our international cutting edge research on viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) - a disease that is widespread in the northern hemisphere and causes significant losses for the fish farming industry.. Focus on diagnostics The main focus of our research is the host-pathogen interactions in fish, where we cover the entire area from molecule to fish and herds. In addition, we have many assignments in terms of development and validation of diagnostic methods ...

FishPathogens.eu/vhsv: A user-friendly Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) isolate and sequence database, Søren Peter Jonstrup, Tanya Gray, Søren Kahns, Helle Frank Skall, Mike Snow and Niels Jørgen Olesen, Journal of Fish Diseases, 2009. View publication ». An isolate and sequence database of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Søren Peter Jonstrup, Heike Schuetze, Gael Kurath, Tanya Gray, Britt Bang Jensen, and Niels Jørgen Olesen. Journal of Fish Diseases 2010 View publication ». ...

Koi goldfish pond fish diseases: 6 8 premium longtail red comet goldfish koi fish for sale, sick goldfish fish diseases and parasites forum pond life, koi health pond disease diagnostics sick fish

Having a pet betta could bring happiness and entertainment to its owner. But sometimes we tend to neglect our pets and forget simple duties like cleaning their bowl. Betta fish diseases are easily avoided simply by properly maintaining the fish tank and providing it with the conditions that are closest to the conditions found in their natural environment. If you think that your fish is already sick, here are some examples of Betta fish diseases and their corresponding cures.. Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifilius). Ich, which usually manifests as small white dots around the mouth or the fins of a betta, is a protozoan parasite. A betta usually contracts this parasite when the temperature in the tank drops below 80 degrees for extended periods of time. To prevent ich from affecting your betta, you can raise the temperature of the water above 80 degrees Fahrenheit and add 3 teaspoons of salt per gallon of water in your tank. If your fish already has ich, medicines with methylene blue or malachite ...

The work is funded through FP6-2004-Food-3-A project EPIZONE and the European Commission financial aid for running the European Union Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases. The database is maintained by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases and suggestions for improvements and questions are welcome on [email protected]. ...

Diagnosing fish disease. It is not possible to diagnose fish disease purely on the basis of behaviour or physical changes. These clinical signs that something is wrong can be useful as pointers to possible problems. However, many of these clinical signs can be caused by more than one disease condition, which is why further examination and tests are essential to make a definite diagnosis. Without any examination or tests, it is simply guesswork as to what is wrong! The table below indicates some of the most common disease signs, and details further steps to take to help confirm a diagnosis.. ...

Discus fish are expensive so you should always be on the lookout for any discus fish diseases. This is true for any type of tropical fish diseases especially if

This thread contains links to commonly encountered saltwater fish diseases. Please click on the blue links below for more info. :) Fish Diseases 101...

Warning / Mad Fish Disease By Atom Bergstrom Atoms Blog Mad Fish Disease (Yellow Fat Disease) kills a lot more people than Mad Cow Disease. Steve Jobs…

Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fishs body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for furunculosis in farmed salmon and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ich and whirling disease. All fish carry pathogens and parasites. Usually this is at some cost to the fish. If the cost is sufficiently high, then the impacts can be ...

Just like us, fish can get sick from various diseases and parasites. Discover some of the most common problems your aquarium fish might catch. Most of the fish diseases and health problems are treat

Epizootic Ulceritic Syndrome Now in South Africa Olaf Weyl (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity) The fish disease, Epizootic Ulceritic Syndrome or EUS for short, was recently diagnosed by researchers from the Aquaculture Research Division of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in barbel from a farm dam near Stellenbosch. The disease is caused by a fungus that is originally from Southeast Asia but has been spread to many other parts of the world by the movement of live fish and, possibly by the transport of contaminated water. While confirmed diagnosis requires histological examination of the tissue and genetic screening for the presence of the fungus, I have recently received an alarming number of reports of fish with ulcers from all over Southern Africa. Waters where suspect fish have been reported include Theewaterskloof Dam, Buffelsjagts and Arabie Dam in the Western Cape and more recently in Hartebeespoort and the Vaal Dam in Gauteng. I have also received ...

Velvet is another fish disease caused by parasites. It resembles the symptoms of ICH but the white spots on the fishs body will look like dust and will be tinier. The spots might also appear gold or gray in color. Because of their small size, the spots may be difficult to see, so you will have to observe the fish carefully. You will notice that, as with ICH, the fish will rub against objects, show difficulty in breathing or gasp for air near the surface of the tank if the gills have been affected. Most veterinarians recommend using the same copper medication treatment used for ICH.. Your fish may also develop a fungal infection/disease. This will appears as a white or gray color on the body of the fish. The fungus usually appears on the fins or mouth of the fish. Sometimes this disease can be induced by injury from another fish in the tank. Some fish attack other fish with their fins, leaving wounds that are prone to fungal infections. You can purchase medication just for fungal from your local ...

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The National Park Service and the Grand Portage Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa have agreed to work together on efforts to protect park and tribal fishery resources in Lake Superior from a deadly fish disease known as viral hemorrhagic septicemia, or VHS. VHS was first detected in the lower Great Lakes in 2003. It does not affect humans.

I got a PM recently from a user who wanted to know if his sisters fish had Ich. I told him yes, and what to do about it. And that PM got me thinking about Ich and other diseases that affect freshwater and marine fishes. So, I thought it time to write up a post about the most common fish diseases youre likely to run into, and how to cure a fish infected by them. Surprisingly, several of the same diseases are both found in freshwater and marine fish, and the life cycle of the parasites are

Common aquarium fish diseases are flukes, mites, lice, bacterial infections and fungal infections, according to Tetra. Treatments include praziquantel for parasites, antibiotics and antifungal...

Pond Fish Diseases: Bacterial Infections from the marine biologists and aquatics experts at That Fish Place - That Pet Place and ThatPetPlace.com.

Buy API General Cure Freshwater & Saltwater Aquarium Parasitic Fish Disease Treatment, 10 count at Chewy.com. FREE shipping and the BEST customer service!

This invention relates to a method of treating fish diseases comprising administering a composition comprising a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R means an alkanoyl group; a benzoyl group optionally having 1 or more substituent groups selected the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and halogen atoms; a phenylacetyl group; or a cyclohexanecarbonyl group as an active ingredient. Also disclosed is administering a food supplemented with said compound to fish, and a fish food containing the same compound.

Narvaez, P, Vaughan, DB, Grutter, AS and Hutson, KS (2021). New perspectives on the role of cleaning symbiosis in the possible transmission of fish diseases. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 31(2): 233-251 ...

A guide to detecting fish diseases in the early stages, before they spread through your tank. How to detect changes in fish condition and behaviour.

Fish Disease also found in: Aquarium Solutions Ich-X SW,New Life Spectrum ICK SHIELD Sinking Pellets,Lantern Bass,pH Up or pH Down Water Conditioner..

At the present time, fish disease information in Indonesia is limited and just documented partially in research reports, journals, and books. Otherwise, th

Pet owners need to understand types of discus fish disease in order for them to be able to see the signs and symptoms and get help right away before anything...

Citation Machine™ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite your website in Journal of Fish Diseases format for free.

Citation Machine™ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite your journal article in Journal of Fish Diseases format for free.

In India thousands of people come to Hyderabad in South India, a city of about four million, to receive a dose of secret paste which is believed by some to cure asthma. The secret herbal paste is first placed in the mouth of a two to three inch live fish, then the fish is swallowed.. The live fish is said to move inside the body in a manner that reduces suffering from asthma, …live fish travels, wagging its tail and fins, through the throat and negotiates the phlegm congestion. Another source says the explanation for the cure is the movement of the fish clears phlegm in the lungs. It isnt clear though, how a small live fish in the stomach would be clearing phlegm in the lungs. For this years event, one report says 150,000 of the small fish have been acquired so people can swallow them with the secret paste.. Reportedly the treatment has been distributed by the same family for over 100 years. About 25 people know this formula. We have all been regularly practicing fish therapy for the last ...

Control of the of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is considered as a major problem for the salmon farming industry in Norway, as the parasite affects both farmed and wild salmonids. As a result of this challenge, a research centre for study of the biology of the louse has been established... ...

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Hi guy do you remember that because of the pregnant guppies,I separated the male guppies and put them in another tank, they were doing okay but the other...

HELP! over the past month my standard goldfish has lost its colour! for about two months now, one of my orange goldfish had been getting very pale. The fish...

Are your aquarium fish behaving erratically? Determine if your fish are sick , diagnose the symptoms, and properly treat the illness.

Velvet is one of the more common diseases in aquarium fish and can strike down every fish in the tank quickly. Learn how to identify and cure it.

Disease treatments. an overview of how treatments work, why they often dont work and why they sometimes kill fish.. Disease treatment basics. When you have fish health problems, this guide details the steps to take, and what to do if it isnt possible to make a definitive diagnosis.. Antibiotics. are an important treatment option against bacterial diseases if they are used properly.. Injecting antibiotics. gives the best results against bacterial infections - especially when dealing with severe cases.. Antibiotic baths. and dips are not generally as effective as antibiotics given by injection. Baths and dips may however, be useful for surface infections.. Dimilin. Effective treatment against anchor worm (Lernaea) and possibly fish lice (Argulus). Medicated food. is a useful option for treating bacterial disease, but it does have some disadvantages.. Topical treatments. can be very effective against bacterial diseases - especially when used in conjunction with antibiotics. Chloramine-T. Can be ...

In order to rid your tank of white spot disease or velvet you will need to eliminate all the parasites, which are only vulnerable during the part of their cycle when they are swimming. Raising the temperature of the tank (Slowly and gently) will speed up the parasites cycle a bit but you are looking at about a month of medication for Ick or Velvet.. Fortunately there are many Ick medications available, just make sure you use the correct dosage and remove your carbon filter as you dont want it to remove the medication from the water right away. If you have scaleless fish such as loaches, you may need to halve the dose and treat for longer. Always follow the recommended treatment type even if your fish seem clear, as there may be parasites still in the water.. Parasites need a fish host to survive, so if you were to move all your fish to the hospital tank for treatment, the remaining Ick or Velvet parasites would be dead in about a month on a fish-less tank. Any tank that is not empty of fish ...

Salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) also referred to as salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is a virus causing pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Although the virus causes an economically important disease, relatively few full-length genome sequences of SAV strains are currently available. Here, we report full-length genome sequences of nine SAV3 strains from sites farming Atlantic salmon geographically spread along the Norwegian coastline. The virus genomes were sequenced directly from infected heart tissue, to avoid culture selection bias. Sequence analysis confirmed a high level of sequence identity within SAV3 strains, with a mean nucleotide diversity of 0.11 %. Sequence divergence was highest in 6K and E2, while lowest in the capsid protein and the non-structural proteins (nsP4 and nsP2). This study reports for the first time that numerous defective viruses containing genome deletions are generated during natural infection with SAV. Deletions

Probiotic Kocuria SM1, which was part of the allochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout, was administered to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings as dietary supplement at ∼108 cells g−1 for two weeks. The fish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and innate immunity determined over the following 5 weeks. The probiotic-fed fish survived (mortalities = 10–28%; P less than 0.05) better than the controls (mortalities = 73–92%) for 5 weeks after stopping administration of Kocuria SM1, although the relative percent survival (RPS) declined steadily from 87 to 36% by the end of the experiment. A significant (P less than 0.05) effect on the immune parameters was observed in fish within 3 weeks after stopping administration of Kocuria SM1 in comparison with the controls, i.e. enhancement of the respiratory burst (OD550nm) from 0.051 ± 0.014 to 0.067 ± 0.009, lysozyme 605 ± 185 units ml−1 to 872 ± 114 units ml−1, total protein ...

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Biomeme is prioritizing COVID-19 orders until further notice. Please expect delays for any orders not related to COVID-19. Contact [email protected] with any questions. 25 Kits Minimum (250 Strips) The Biomeme Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Calibrator Kit should be used in conjunction

Walleye dermal sarcoma virus (WDSV) is a fish retrovirus causing a skin tumor termed walleye dermal sarcoma, which develops and regresses on a seasonal basis. VetPCR WDSV Detection Kit is the direct detection of Walleye dermal sarcoma virus on the basis of a genetic database, so it can diagnose very fast and accurately. It can amplify only specific gene using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, and take only 3 hours for detection. Therefore, it is a very fast accurate and reliable technique.

About 65000 salmon gene transcripts were expressed in the notochord during the developmental stages analysed. This is an expected number of transcripts, considering the partial tetraploidy of salmonids [29]. In for example zebrafish, which have undergone only one teleost-specific genome duplication in the course of evolution, ~51000 transcripts were identified in a tissue gene expressional study using a similar genome-mapping method [30]. De novo assembly of the RNA-seq data could have been implemented, but this method may produce a much higher number of predicted transcripts, as has been observed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), where de novo assembly produced about ~130000 and ~370000 predicted transcripts respectively [31, 32]. With an average predicted coding sequence length of around 872 bp, the results are comparable to what was predicted using de novo assembly methods in catfish [32], but much longer than that obtained in rainbow trout [31]. Of the ...

The salmon louse (SL) is an ectoparasitic caligid crustacean infecting salmonid fishes in the marine environment. SL represents one of the major challenges for farming of salmonids, and veterinary intervention is necessary to combat infection. This study addressed gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon infected with SL, which may account for its high susceptibility. The effects of SL infection on gene expression in Atlantic salmon were studied throughout the infection period from copepodids at 3 days post infection (dpi) to adult lice (33 dpi). Gene expression was analyzed at three developmental stages in damaged and intact skin, spleen, head kidney and liver, using real-time qPCR and a salmonid cDNA microarray (SFA2). Rapid detection of parasites was indicated by the up-regulation of immunoglobulins in the spleen and head kidney and IL-1 receptor type 1, CD4, beta-2-microglobulin, IL-12β, CD8α and arginase 1 in the intact skin of infected fish. Most immune responses decreased at 22 dpi, however

The Lake Erie Center at the University of Toledo has been awarded a $209,126 federal grant to study a deadly fish disease that has threatened the health of many species of Great Lakes fish.. The grant, announced yesterday by U.S. Rep. Marcy Kaptur (D., Toledo), will fund a two-year study into viral hemorrhagic septicemia, or VHS.. It is an infectious viral disease present in several species of fish in the Great Lakes, including all-important walleye and yellow perch.. VHS has been responsible for several fish kills in the Great Lakes, including a kill of thousands of freshwater drum, or sheepshead, and yellow perch in central Lake Erie in the summer of 2006.. It is regarded by government biologists as the most dangerous fish virus in the world, though it poses no harm to humans.. For the first time, VHS recently was confirmed in fish beyond the Lake Erie watershed in inland Ohio - among muskellunge at Clear Fork Reservoir near Mansfield.. No fish kill has been recorded there to date, but state ...

Fish are the primary source in the human food basket of the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n-3), that are crucial to the health of higher vertebrates. Atlantic salmon are able to synthesis EPA and DHA from 18:3n-3 through reactions catalyzed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) and elongases of very long fatty acids (Elovl). Previously, two cDNAs encoding functionally distinct Δ5 and Δ6 Fads were isolated, but screening of a genomic DNA library revealed the existence of more putative fad genes in the Atlantic salmon genome. In the present study, we show that there are at least four genes encoding putative Fad proteins in Atlantic salmon. Two genes, Δ6fad_a and Δ5fad, corresponded to the previously cloned Δ6 and Δ5 Fad cDNAs. Functional characterization by heterologous expression in yeast showed that the cDNAs for both the two further putative fad genes, Δ6fad_b and Δ6fad_c, had only Δ6 activity, converting ...

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (formerly Vibrio damsela) is a pathogen of a variety of marine animals including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and cetaceans. In humans, it can cause opportunistic infections that may evolve into necrotizing fasciitis with fatal outcome. Although the genetic basis of virulence in this bacterium is not completely elucidated, recent findings demonstrate that the phospholipase-D Dly (damselysin) and the pore-forming toxins HlyApl and HlyAch play a main role in virulence for homeotherms and poikilotherms. The acquisition of the virulence plasmid pPHDD1 that encodes Dly and HlyApl has likely constituted a main driving force in the evolution of a highly hemolytic lineage within the subspecies. Interestingly, strains that naturally lack pPHDD1 show a strong pathogenic potential for a variety of fish species, indicating the existence of yet uncharacterized virulence factors. Future and deep analysis of the complete genome sequence of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae

Disease outbreaks are a major constraint to salmon aquaculture worldwide. Therefore, there is considerable interest in finding means to alleviate this problem by enhancing their innate immune system. Because lysozyme is an important component of this system, we generated a line of transgenic Atlantic salmon using a gene construct consisting of a rainbow trout lysozyme gene under the control of the ocean pout antifreeze protein gene promoter op5a (opAFP-rtLys). The results show that the transgene exhibited Mendelian inheritance at both the F1 and the F2 generations and demonstrated that it had integrated into a single chromosome in the genetic founder. Sequence analysis of F2 generation salmon revealed the presence of a complete copy of an intact lysozyme transgene integrant that was identical in sequence to that of the construct. The computationally translated peptide sequence of the lysozyme coding region differed by four amino acids from those present in GenBank (accession nos CAA42084; ...

Furunculosis Multidisciplinary Fish Disease Research by Eva-Maria Bernoth http://i.imgur.com/raL2R3J.jpg Pages: 529 Publisher: -- Edition: 1997 Language: English ISBN: 9780120930401

Cardiovascular disease may pose a major threat to the health and welfare of farmed fish. By investigating a range of established cardiovascular disease indicators, we aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and consequences of this affliction in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from an open cage farm in the Baltic Sea, an open cage farm in a freshwater lake, and a land-based recirculating aquaculture system. We also aimed to identify environmental, anthropogenic and physiological factors contributing towards the development of the disease. The majority of trout possessed enlarged hearts with rounded ventricles (mean height:width ratios of 1.0-1.1 c.f. similar to 1.3 in wild fish) and a high degree of vessel misalignment (mean angles between the longitudinal ventricular axis and the axis of the bulbus arteriosus of 28-31 degrees c.f. similar to 23 degrees in wild fish). The prevalence and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis was also high, as 92-100% of fish from the different ...

The stability of soyasaponins in fish feed formulations was investigated. The level of soyasaponin Ab, Bb, Bc, Ba-2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (Ba-DDMP), Bb-DDMP, and Bc-DDMP was quantified in 15 samples of defatted soybean meal,

|h3|About The Book|/h3| |p|This third and final volume in the acclaimed Fish Diseases and Disorders trilogy addresses infectious diseases of finfish and shellfish caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Topics covered include infectious pancreatic necrosi

TY - JOUR. T1 - Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess two hormone-sensitive lipase-encoding mRNAs that are differentially expressed and independently regulated by nutritional state. AU - Kittilson, Jeffrey D.. AU - Reindl, Katie M.. AU - Sheridan, Mark A.. PY - 2011/1. Y1 - 2011/1. N2 - Teleost fish store lipids among several tissues primarily as triacylglycerol (TG). Upon metabolic demand, stored TGs are hydrolyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In this study, two distinct cDNAs encoding HSL were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from adipose tissue of rainbow trout. The full-length cDNAs, designated HSL1 and HSL2, were 2562-bp and 2887-bp in length, respectively, and share 82% nucleotide identity. Phylogentic analysis suggests that the two HSLs derive from paralogous genes that may have arisen during a teleost-specific genome duplication event. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that HSL1 and HSL2 were differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues as well as in ...

Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) results in heavy economical losses for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farms in Norway, largely due to mortality, poor performance of fish and deteriorated fillet quality. This study determined the fillet quality and heart gene transcriptome in farmed Atlantic salmon (2.2 kg gutted weight) with varying PD pathology at slaughter: group A, SAV negative and PD negative; group B, SAV positive and PD negative; group C, SAV positive and PD positive. Gene expression and fillet quality characteristics of groups A and B were similar. Fish of group C had a thin body shape and pale and abnormally firm fillets with high collagen and low protein content, as well as an altered amino acid and fatty acid profile. They also had a marked reduction of energy metabolism and cell proliferation according to gene expression analyses. It is concluded that salmon infected with PD virus (SAV) may have acceptable fillet quality, but loss of pancreatic tissue may ...

Studies were undertaken in vitro and in vivo to assess the maximal activities of 26 glycolytic and associated enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red cells. The red cells possess a complete sequence of glycolytic enzymes capable of anaerobic oxidation of glucose to lactate. Red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) was inhibited by ATP (I50 ≈5 mmol l−1), but was not sensitive to alanine inhibition or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activation. The properties of red cell PK were similar to those of the muscle-type enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the trout erythrocyte resembled LDH from trout heart in terms of pyruvate inhibition in vitro. Enzymes associated with phosphagen and amino acid metabolism as well as the pentose phosphate shunt were also present. However, enzyme indicators of glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic potential were either absent or present at very low levels. The capacity for aerobic respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was suggested by the presence of citrate ...

Bergmann SM, Schutze H, Fischer U, Fichtner D, Riechardt M, Meyer K, Schrudde D, Kempter J. (2009b). Detection of koi herpes virus (KHV) genome in apparently healthy fish. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 29:145-152.. Costes B, Stalin Raj V, Michel B, Fournier G, Thirion M, Gillet L, Mast J, Lieffrig F, Bremont M, Vanderplasschen A. (2009). The major portal of entry of koi herpesvirus in Cyprinus carpio is the skin. J Virol 83:2819-2830.. Eide K, T Miller-Morgan, J Heidel, R Bildfell, L Jin. (2011). Results of total DNA measurement in koi by tissue koi herpesvirus real-time PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 172:81-84. El-Matbouli M, Saleh M, Soliman H. (2007). Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus type 3 in goldfish cohabiting with CyHV3-infected koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Veterinary Record 161:792-793.. Gilad O, Yun S, Adkison MA, Way K, Willits NH, Bercovier H, Hedrick RP. (2003). Molecular comparison of isolates of an emerging fish pathogen, koi ...

Increasing evidence suggests that P. damselae subsp. damselae outbreaks in fish farms are caused by multiclonal and preexisting natural populations that take advantage of host and environmental conditions in order to cause disease. This hypothesis is reinforced by the observation that virulent isolates are capable of survival for long periods of time in seawater microcosms at 14 to 22°C as culturable bacteria that maintain their infectivity for fish (43). Also, it has been observed that P. damselae subsp. damselae can infect new fish hosts through water, and the spread of the disease largely depended on water temperature (44). Water temperature is indeed of special importance. A few consistent reports associated the occurrence of P. damselae subsp. damselae outbreaks with unusual increases in water temperature (2, 27, 45, 46). Such temperature conditions might increase fish susceptibility to infection by P. damselae subsp. damselae genotypes already present in the environment as free-living ...

Article: John KR, George MR, Richards R & Frerichs GN (2001) Characteristics of a new reovirus isolated from epizootic ulcerative syndrome infected snakehead fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 46 (2), pp. 83-92. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046083

A qualitative male-specific DNA marker (OT-24) was amplified by spPCR (single-primer polymerase chain reaction) from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DNA along with several non-sex-linked products. The termini of the male-specific product were sequenced, and a pair of PeR primers were constructed for marker-specific PCR amplification. Dual primer PCR (dpPCR), with the marker-specific primers, amplified a product from both nudes and females. The amount of dpPCR product amplified from males was at least 100-fold greater than that from females. The quantitative difference between males and females was consistent among geographically distinct populations from western U.S. rivers. In addition, DNA sequence analysis indicated that OT-24 was highly conserved among geographically distinct salmon populations. The qualitative spPCR product segregated through several genetic crosses indicating equal sex ratios among progeny. Identification of the male and female juveniles by dpPCR was consistent with the

Pancreas disease (PD) is an emergent disease which causes large economical losses to Atlantic salmon industry and severely affects welfare of fish. Two different subtypes of the PD virus, SAV2 and SAV3, affect Atlantic salmon in Norway. Even subtype SAV2 dont produce high mortalities, affected individuals reduce their growth and are left with lesions which affect carcass quality. Currently only between-family selection is applied to this trait, which reduces accuracy and selection intensity for resistance to PD. Methods of marker assisted selection (MAS) would improve results of genetic selection of resistance to PD as within family selection would be possible. The aim of this study was to detect linkage of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with QTLs related to resistance to PD. Fry of Atlantic salmon, from crosses of three unrelated populations, were challenged with SAV2 in fresh water and mortalities were recorded during the test period. In addition, tissue samples were collected from a ...

Hybrids between walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum and sauger S. canadense in Lake Sakakawea, North Dakota were identified electrophoretically using the species-specific marker malate dehydrogenase. Hybrids represented 10% of 279 percids analyzed. Univariate analysis indicated that counts for eight meristic characters of hybrids were intermediate to, but not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) form those of parental species, because the respective counts overlapped broadly. Discriminant analysis revealed five of 14 morphometric characters contributed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) to multivariate discrimination among Stizostedion species and hybrids. Using those characters selected by discriminant analysis, 188 of 259 (73%) specimens were correctly classified. Meristic counts and morphometric measurements offer little promise as diagnostic tools for identification of Stizostedion species and their associated hybrids from sympatric populations. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical

Escaped hatchery rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), at post-smolt (120-340 g) and adult stages (800-3400 g) adapted differently to natural marine prey after escaping from two fish farms in northern Norway. About 1 month after escape (July), more than 57% of the post-smolt fed actively on fish larvae, which contributed 63-75% of the diet by weight. Surface insects were consumed by more than half the post-smolts and represented 24-48% of the diet during the 3-month period of sampling (June-August). One month after escaping, forage ratios (weight stomach/weight fish × 100) exceeded 1, similar to ratios recorded for other wild anadromous salmonid species in the area. Post-smolt weight increased during the sampling period and the condition factor was stable. In contrast, the condition factor of escaped adult fish reduced significantly and the forage ratios were consistently low (0.05-0.77) during the 15 months of sampling (March-August) following their escapement. These fish fed primarily ...

The pathogenesis of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) with particular reference to factors potentially influencing outbreaks of the disease in the Phillipines

Streptococcus iniae is one of the most important agents that causes high mortality and losses in rainbow trout farms in Iran and the world. These bacteria can affects the consumers and people who deal with aquaculture via affected fish. So, viability of this bacterium in frozen fish and fish product can be useful for health care of consumers. A total of 90 rainbow trout, with average weight of 50 ± 3 g, were supplied from a fish farm and were transferred to six 200- liter tanks (15 fish per tank). The tanks were divided in two groups as control and treatment. The treatment group fish were experimentally challenged to Streptococcus iniae at dose of 3.6 × 105 cell/fish via intraperitoneal injection. Control group fish just received 0.1 ml of normal saline (0.9 % NaCl). In treatment group after 120 hours 91% of the fish were died and then mortality remained constant up to 14 days post challenge. Moribund and dead fish of treatment group and fish of control group were frozen and then kidney, liver and

Fillet yield, the proportion of edible fillet relative to body weight, is a major trait to improve in fish sold processed, as it has a direct impact on profitability and can simultaneously decrease the environmental impact of producing a given amount of fillet. However, it is difficult to improve by selective breeding, because it cannot be measured on live breeding candidates, its phenotypic variation is low, and, as a ratio, it is not normally distributed and a same change in fillet yield can be the result of different changes in fillet weight and body weight. Residual headless gutted carcass weight (rHGCW) is heritable and highly genetically correlated to Fillet% in rainbow trout, and can be predicted by the ratio of abdominal wall thickness to depth of the peritoneal cavity (E8/E23), measured on live fish by ultrasound tomography. We selected broodstock based on rHGCW, measured on sibs of the selection candidates, on ultrasound measurements (E8/E23) measured on the selection candidates, or a

The clinical signs are the same as all other parasite infestations. Heavy and laboured breathing (judged by watching operculum movements), flashing and rubbing, skin cloudiness caused by excess mucus, loss of appetite and lethargy. At a later advanced stage (which may be too late for treatment) fish often isolate themselves, sometimes near the water surface or water return. They can also exhibit extreme lethargy with long spells laying on the bottom with clamped fins.. It can be easily recognized in skin scrapes and gill biopsies from its characteristic slow gliding movements, often turning in circles.. It has a flattened shape, heart-shaped with a notched end. There are bands of cilia on the ventral (bottom) surface, just faintly visible in the photomicrograph. They measure around 30 - 80 µm in length x 20 -60 µm width. - slightly smaller than skin-dwelling Trichodina.. ...

In 2013, an outbreak of ulcerative disease associated with ranavirus infection occurred in barcoo grunter, Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite), farms in Thailand. Affected fish exhibited extensive haemorrhage and ulceration on skin and muscle. Microscopically, the widespread haemorrhagic ulceration and necrosis were noted in gill, spleen and kidney with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic ...

In 2013, an outbreak of ulcerative disease associated with ranavirus infection occurred in barcoo grunter, Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite), farms in Thailand. Affected fish exhibited extensive haemorrhage and ulceration on skin and muscle. Microscopically, the widespread haemorrhagic ulceration and necrosis were noted in gill, spleen and kidney with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic ...

Since chemotherapeutic agents used to control microbial fish diseases have led to resistance in bacteria, alternative methods have emerged in recent years. In this regard, identification of lactic acid bacteria with good probiotic properties and determination of their probiotic properties are extremely important. In this study, 25 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from freshwater fish and identified at species level using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular tests. The pH tolerance, antagonistic activity and antibiotic sensitivity of these 25 strains were examined, and they were considered as bacteria displaying the best activity in the potential probiotic treatment of fish diseases. Lactococcus lactis species numbered F2, F4, F9 and F10 were determined to have a potential probiotic capacity. ...

Salmon are paramount to the economy, ecology, and history of the Pacific Northwest. Viruses constitute one of the major threats to salmon health and well-being, with more than twenty known virus species that infect salmon. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus, a divergent member of the species Aquareovirus B within the family Reoviridae. The virus was first found in 2014 as part of a routine adult broodstock screening program in which kidney and spleen tissue samples from healthy-appearing, adult fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to a hatchery in Washington State produced cytopathic effects when inoculated onto a Chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE-214). The virus was not able to be confirmed by an RT-PCR assay using existing aquareovirus pan-species primers, and instead was identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to recover the full genome and completed using 3′ RACE

Statutory controls restrict the movement of live fish to and from the affected farm. Harvesting of clinically unaffected fish for human consumption is permissible but dead fish displaying clinical signs of disease should be disposed of by an approved method in accordance with the appropriate Animal By-Products Regulations. Under certain circumstances permission may be granted to move live fish from an affected farm to another farm subject to BKD controls if such a movement comprises part of a managed clearance and eradication programme and it poses no risk of further transmission of disease. Statutory controls are revoked when BKD is deemed to have been eradicated from the infected site. Eradication can be achieved by depopulating, cleaning and disinfecting an infected farm. Alternatively, eradication can also be achieved through a programme of progressive cleaning and disinfection along with careful management of infected stocks. This involves restocking with fish from a disease-free source and ...

Due to the limited availability of fish meal and fish oil resources and their high costs in producing aquafeeds for the aquaculture industry, it is important to conduct research on possible replacements that are sustainable sources of protein and lipids. In this study, seven different diets containing various protein and lipid sources were formulated to feed farmed Atlantic salmon, and their effects on growth performance, tissue lipid class, fatty acid, and elemental composition were examined. Growth performance results showed that the diet containing the lowest level of fish meal and fish oil led to the lowest weight gain, followed by the diet with the highest content of animal by-products. The lipid class analysis for the three examined tissues (muscle, liver, and head kidney) showed no statistical difference in the total lipid content using the seven dietary treatments. However, there was a statistical difference between the main lipid classes; triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. ...

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOST FISHES AND THEIR PARASITES The influence of parasite on its host Every parasite living in or a fish exerts some degree of harmful influence on its host. This influence may result in extensive change in individual organs or tissues, or it can take on the character of a general effect. In either case the parasites causing these changes is regarded as pathogenic. On the other hand, this influence can be so slight that it does not cause the appearance of any external sings. In such cases parasites are commonly considered as non-pathogenic. However, small the noxious effect, every parasite is harmful to its host. It must also be remembered that any deflection from the parasite of an unusual site within the host, or sudden increase in the numbers of the parasite or changes in the physiological condition of the host can cause supposedly non-pathogenic parasite to assume a strongly pathogenic character. For example, Dactylogyrus minutum, a small and allegedly harmless ...

Various methods have been developed to mitigate the adverse effects of the Federal Columbia River Power System on juvenile Pacific salmon out-migrating through the Columbia River basin. In this study, we found that hatchery-reared spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the river are in varying degrees of health, which may affect delayed mortality and the assessment of the effectiveness of management actions to recover listed stocks (e. g., barging fish downstream versus leaving fish in the river). A laboratory disease challenge with Listonella anguillarum was completed on fish from Rapid River Hatchery and Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (NFH) with different out-migration histories: (1) transported by barge, (2) removed from the river before barging, or (3) left to travel in-river. Barged fish from Rapid River Hatchery experienced less mortality than fish from Dworshak NFH. No statistical differences were found between the hatcheries with fish that had in-river out-migration ...

Immunological memory has been shown to occur unequivocally in mammals. However, controversy exists regarding the capability of fish to elicite a memory response. This study demonstrates that memory does occur rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus rnykiss. Trout injected with a T-dependent antigen, trinitrophenylated keyhole-limpet hemocyanin, (TNP-KLH) (100 μg/fish) were able to produce a primary serum antibody response to TNP. This was demonstrated by a quantitative ELISA specifically developed for this purpose. After a second injection of antigen (20 μg/fish), an increase in antibody titer developed to TNP along with a shorter lag period, as is characteristic of a mammalian secondary response. The antibodies produced to TNP were further analyzed by two different ELISAs, avidity and inhibition ELISAs. Avidity measurements, which reflects both the effects of affinity and valency on the strength of antibody binding, demonstrated no change in avidity during the primary or secondary serum antibody ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Trends in Liver and Skin Tumor Prevalence in Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, and Nearby Waters. AU - Pinkney, Alfred E.. AU - Harshbarger, John C.. AU - Rutter, Michael. AU - Sakaris, Peter C.. PY - 2019/2/1. Y1 - 2019/2/1. N2 - The prevalence of liver and skin tumors in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the Anacostia River (Washington, DC) and nearby areas was determined in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The objectives were to (1) compare tumor prevalence across space and time; (2) analyze the 1992-2016 Chesapeake Bay Tumor Database to identify reference locations and test age, length, weight, and sex as covariates; and (3) explore whether changes in bullhead exposure to contaminants can explain the observed trends. With logistic regression, we reported large statistically significant decreases in liver tumor probabilities in bullheads from the Anacostia CSX Bridge (ANAC) area between 1996 and 2001 (merged: female, 77.8%; male, 48.6%), ...

Despite the loss of the large number of brook trout, the Division still will release healthy trout in state waters in time for the Opening Day of Trout Season scheduled for April 5, at 8 a.m. None of the trout being stocked this spring have the disease. Some may have been exposed to the bacterium that causes furunculosis but were effectively treated. Others that will be stocked have tested negative ...

I was click, click, clicking my way through Google search looking for something that would help folks understand the potential problems affecting herring in Nova Scotia and chanced upon this power point. Ive condensed it down to diseases, parasites and toxins that we humans can get into our systems from a variety of common seafood, including herring and other fish.. It makes interesting reading and it is immediately apparent why the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is so important to Canadians and countries receiving our exported seafoods. I cant speak for every CFIA lab, but I do have some indirect experience with two operations and from what I have seen, they take their jobs very, very seriously. In fact I think we are lucky to have this organization working on our behalf. You can check them out at http://www.inspection.gc.ca/eng/1297964599443/1297965645317. They offer an email service where they will inform you about the latest concerns and recalls. Its well worth subscribing ...

Bothered by parasitic worms? Here is what you should know about parasitic worms, their symptoms and the best ways to treat and prevent them