Definition of intrauterine growth restriction in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is intrauterine growth restriction? Meaning of intrauterine growth restriction as a legal term. What does intrauterine growth restriction mean in law?

TY - JOUR. T1 - ACR appropriateness criteria® growth disturbances-risk of intrauterine growth restriction. AU - Zelop, Carolyn M.. AU - Javitt, Marcia C.. AU - Glanc, Phyllis. AU - Dubinsky, Theodore. AU - Harisinghani, Mukesh G.. AU - Harris, Robert D.. AU - Khati, Nadia J.. AU - Mitchell, Donald G.. AU - Pandharipande, Pari V.. AU - Pannu, Harpreet K.. AU - Podrasky, Ann E.. AU - Shipp, Thomas D.. AU - Siegel, Cary Lynn. AU - Simpson, Lynn. AU - Wall, Darci J.. AU - Wong-You-Cheong, Jade J.. PY - 2013/9. Y1 - 2013/9. N2 - Fetal growth disturbances include fetuses at risk for intrauterine growth restriction. These fetuses may have an estimated fetal weight at less than the 10% or demonstrate a plateau of fetal growth with an estimated fetal growth greater than the 10%. Uteroplacental insufficiency may play a major role in the etiology of intrauterine growth restriction. Fetuses at risk for intrauterine fetal growth restriction are susceptible to the potential hostility of the intrauterine ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome. AU - Miller, Suzanne L.. AU - Huppi, Petra S.. AU - Mallard, Carina. PY - 2016/2/15. Y1 - 2016/2/15. N2 - Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant complication of pregnancy describing a fetus that does not grow to full potential due to pathological compromise. FGR affects 3-9% of pregnancies in high-income countries, and is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental insufficiency is the principal cause of FGR, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxia. This hypoxia induces a fetal adaptive response of cardiac output redistribution to favour vital organs, including the brain, and is in consequence called brain sparing. Despite this, it is now apparent that brain sparing does not ensure normal brain development in growth-restricted fetuses. In this review we have brought together available evidence from human and experimental animal studies to describe the complex ...

Severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is recognised to be a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Identifying the fetus that is truly growth restricted and therefore compromised, from the one that is simply genetically small and not at risk is difficult. Recent work using umbilical artery (UA) Doppler waveform studies have shown that a reduction in the diastolic component of the UA Doppler waveform correlates strongly with poor perinatal outcome. Since this technique can be used to reliably distinguish the truly growth restricted fetus at risk, it is imperative, if we are to understand the pathophysiology of severe IUGR, that the mechanisms by which abnormal Doppler waveforms arise is established. The elaboration pattern of blood vessels within stem villi from IUGR and gestationally age- matched control placentas, was first evaluated by measuring the diameter of 600 vessel profiles, identified by the antibody anti-a smooth muscle actin, within stem villi from randomly chosen ...

Manara L. Intrapartum fetal morbidity and mortality in intrauterine growth-retarded infants. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1980;80(2):101. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1980.80.2.101.. Download citation file:. ...

Fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia are both conditions of placental etiology and associated to increased risk for the long-term development of cardiovascular disease in the mother. At presentation, preeclampsia is associated with maternal global diastolic dysfunction, which is determined, at least in part, by increased afterload and myocardial stiffness. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that women with normotensive fetal growth-restricted pregnancies also exhibit global diastolic dysfunction. This was a prospective case-control study conducted over a 3-year period involving 29 preterm fetal growth-restricted pregnancies, 25 preeclamptic with fetal growth restriction pregnancies, and 58 matched control pregnancies. Women were assessed by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging at diagnosis of the complication and followed-up at 12 weeks postpartum. Fetal growth-restricted pregnancies are characterized by a lower cardiac index and higher total vascular ...

Intrauterine growth retardation predisposes toward long-term morbidity from type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. To explain this association, the concept of programming was introduced to indicate a process whereby a stimulus or insult at a critical period of development has lasting or lifelong consequences on key endocrine and metabolic pathways. Subtle changes in cell composition of tissues, induced by suboptimal conditions in utero, can influence postnatal physiological functions. There is increasing evidence, suggesting that liver may represent one of the candidate organs targeted by programming, undergoing structural, functional and epigenetic changes following exposure to an unfavorable intrauterine environment. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying liver programming that contribute to increase the cardiometabolic risk in subjects with intrauterine growth restriction.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Maternal amino acid supplementation for intrauterine growth restriction. AU - Brown, Laura D.. AU - Green, Alice S.. AU - Limesand, Sean W. AU - Rozance, Paul J.. PY - 2011/1/1. Y1 - 2011/1/1. N2 - Maternal dietary protein supplementation to improve fetal growth has been considered as an option to prevent or treat intrauterine growth restriction. However, in contrast to balanced dietary supplementation, adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women who received high amounts of dietary protein supplementation have been observed. The responsible mechanisms for these adverse outcomes are unknown. This review will discuss relevant human and animal data to provide the background necessary for the development of explanatory hypotheses and ultimately for the development therapeutic interventions during pregnancy to improve fetal growth. Relevant aspects of fetal amino acid metabolism during normal pregnancy and those pregnancies affected by IUGR will be discussed. In addition, data from ...

Fetal growth restriction is associated with significantly increased risks of neonatal death and morbidity and with susceptibility to hypertension, cardiovascular disease and NIDDM later in life. Human birth weight has a substantial genetic component, with at least a quarter of the variation attributable to additive genetic effects. One hundred twenty-five subjects (83 control and 42 case) were selected using stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria. DNA sequencing was used to identify 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pituitary growth hormone gene (GH1) at which all subjects were genotyped. Association with fetal growth restriction was tested by logistic regression for all sites with minor allele frequencies greater than 5%. Logistic regression identified significant association with fetal growth restriction of C alleles at sites -1 and +3 (relative to the start of transcription) that are in complete linkage disequilibrium. These alleles are present at higher frequency (6% vs. 0.4%) in fetal

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a term used to describe a condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy. Another term for IUGR is fetal growth restriction. Newborn babies with IUGR are often described as small for gestational age (SGA).. A fetus with IUGR often has an estimated fetal weight less than the 10th percentile. This means that the fetus weighs less than 90 percent of all other fetuses of the same gestational age. A fetus with IUGR also may be born at term (after 37 weeks of pregnancy) or prematurely (before 37 weeks).. Newborn babies with IUGR often appear thin, pale, and have loose, dry skin. The umbilical cord is often thin and dull-looking rather than shiny and fat. Babies with IUGR sometimes have a wide-eyed look. Some babies do not have this malnourished appearance but are small all-over.. ...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a term used to describe a condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy. Another term for IUGR is fetal growth restriction. Newborn babies with IUGR are often described as small for gestational age (SGA).. A fetus with IUGR often has an estimated fetal weight less than the 10th percentile. This means that the fetus weighs less than 90 percent of all other fetuses of the same gestational age. A fetus with IUGR also may be born at term (after 37 weeks of pregnancy) or prematurely (before 37 weeks).. Newborn babies with IUGR often appear thin, pale, and have loose, dry skin. The umbilical cord is often thin and dull-looking rather than shiny and fat. Babies with IUGR sometimes have a wide-eyed look. Some babies do not have this malnourished appearance but are small all-over.. ...

Reported are the results of a community-based prospective study in four urban squatter settlements in Karachi that was carried out to assess the incidence of and risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation. The incidence of term intrauterine growth retardation was 24.4% among 738 singleton births. The socioeconomic and biological risk factors that were found to be statistically significant in a bivariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model to assess their independent effects. The major risk factors were low level of maternal education, paternal unemployment, consanguinity, short birth-to-conception intervals, short maternal stature, and low maternal weight. The population risk estimates suggest the desirability of public health interventions to improve maternal weight and birth spacing and of improvements in socioeconomic conditions, especially maternal education. Public education programmes to discourage consanguineous marriages should also be considered.

Intrauterine growth retardation is a prenatal disorder of development. Synonyms for intrauterine growth retardation are prenatal dystrophy and fetal hypertrophy.

1. Miller SL, Huppi PS, Mallard C. The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome. J Physiol. 2016;594(4):807-23. doi: 10.1113/JP271402 26607046. 2. Chan PYL, Morris JM, Leslie GI, Kelly PJ, Gallery EDM. The long-term effects of prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction on cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic function. Int J Pediatr. 2010;2010:280402. doi: 10.1155/2010/280402 21197428. 3. Kady SM, Gardosi J. Perinatal mortality and fetal growth restriction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18(3):397-410. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.009 15183135. 4. Garite TJ, Clark R, Thorp JA. Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(2):481-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.036 15343225. 5. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Preterm birth 1: epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75-84. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4 ...

Doctors give unbiased, helpful information on indications, contra-indications, benefits, and complications: Dr. Handsfield on intrauterine growth restriction vdrl rpr positive: Both tests are 100% conclusive at that time -- in fact, much earlier. That HIV test is conclusive at 4 weeks and RPR at 6 weeks.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The relationship between the placental serotonin pathway and fetal growth restriction. AU - Ranzil, Suveena. AU - Walker, David W.. AU - Borg, Anthony J.. AU - Wallace, Euan M.. AU - Ebeling, Peter R.. AU - Murthi, Padma. PY - 2019/6/1. Y1 - 2019/6/1. N2 - Fetal growth restriction (FGR)is a complex disorder of human pregnancy that leads to poor health outcomes in offspring. These range from immediate risks such as perinatal morbidity and stillbirths, to long-term complications including severe neurodevelopmental problems. Despite its relatively high global prevalence, the aetiology of FGR and its complications is not currently well understood. We now know that serotonin (5-HT)is synthesised in the placenta and is crucial for early fetal forebrain development in mice. However, the contribution of a disrupted placental 5-HT synthetic pathway to the pathophysiology of placental insufficiency in FGR and its significant fetal neurodevelopmental complications are unclear.. AB - Fetal ...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) programs hypertension and endothelial dysfunction at 4 months of age in male IUGR rat offspring compared to male control. Male IUGR offspring at 4 months of age exhibit a significant decrease in the blood pressure (BP) response to chronic NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10mg/kg/day) compared to age-matched male control. Albuminuria is also significantly reduced in L-NAME treated male IUGR relative to L-NAME treated male control suggesting that IUGR programs a reduction in bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Decreased NO bioavailability by endothelial dysfunction can contribute to increased BP. Age is a risk factor for hypertension and aging is associated with an increase in arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction. BP is similar in male IUGR relative to male control by 18 months of age. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that age-induced reductions in NO bioavailability in the male control rat would abolish the IUGR-induced ...

Cerebral Doppler measurements seem to be a future method to evaluate the degree of fetal hypoxemia. The aim of this study was (1) to elaborate standard curves for the different cerebral vessels in our own population, and (2) to describe the predictive value of Doppler measurements for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and fetal acidosis. We recorded cerebral flow velocity waveforms from 71 normal pregnancies to establish standard curves for the following vessels: proximal middle cerebral artery, distal middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. Finally, we calculated the cerebroplacentar index (CPI) for each case. The predictive values from the different vessels were determined in 24 patients with IUGR and 17 cases with fetal acidosis. The poor sensitivity and the low positive predictive value of each cerebral vessel is probably explained by the rather long interval between the last Doppler assessment and delivery (22 +/- 23 days). Reducing the interval to less than 7 days, the distal

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) programs adult disease, including obesity and insulin resistance. Our group previously demonstrated that IUGR dysregulates adipose deposition in male, but not female, weanling rats. Dysregulated adipose deposition is often accompanied by the release of proinflammatory signaling molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF|i|α|/i|). TNF|i|α|/i| contributes to adipocyte inflammation and impaired insulin signaling. TNF|i|α|/i| has also been implicated in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which impairs insulin signaling. We hypothesized that, in male rat pups, IUGR would increase TNF|i|α|/i|, TNFR1, and components of the UPR (Hspa5, ATF6, p-eIF2|i|α|/i|, and Ddit3) prior to the onset of obesity. We further hypothesized that impaired glucose tolerance would occur after the onset of adipose dysfunction in male IUGR rats. To test this hypothesis, we used a well-characterized rat model of uteroplacental

IUGR stands for intrauterine growth restriction and simply means that the unborn baby has not grown to a size that is expected for a certain stage of pregnancy. In other words the fetus is smaller than expected. The more correct medical definition is a fetal weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age as measured on ultrasound. It is also known as small for gestational age (SGA).. This can occur for any number of reasons and sometimes the baby may appear smaller in size on ultrasound but is actually a normal size when born. It is also possible that some babies are just naturally smaller in size. The problem is when the babies smaller size is due to some impairment while it is growing in the uterus thereby preventing the fetus from growing to its natural size.. ...

Objective To examine the association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) status at birth among full-term infants, exposure to substance use during pregnancy, and risk of hypertension at 6 years of age. Design Prospective evaluation of high-risk children. Setting Four centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective study was to record endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations in the second trimester amniotic fluid and compare these values in women who developed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) later in pregnancy with th

Karen Simmer, R P H Thompson; Leucocyte Zinc and Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 1984; 67 (s9): 46P-47P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs067046Pb. Download citation file:. ...

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION and SCHIZOPHRENIA related symptoms, diseases, and genetic alterations. Get the complete information with our medical s

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intrauterine growth retardation: Biochemical changes in human central nervous system. AU - Gonzalez-Sastre, F.. AU - Rodes, M.. AU - Sabater, J.. AU - Segura, E.. PY - 1978/1/1. Y1 - 1978/1/1. M3 - Article. VL - 11. SP - 13. EP - 22. IS - 1. ER - ...

O36.5924 is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of maternal care for other known or suspected poor fetal growth, second trimester, fetus 4. Code valid for the year 2020

Early dating of pregnancy by ultrasound is necessary to establish the adequate fetal growth. Customized or individualized estimation of fetal growth is probably a better option than population based curves to identify fetuses at a higher risk of perinatal complications. Biological maternal markers and placental evaluation might contribute in the identification of fetuses at risk of abnormal growth. There is no specific Doppler pattern of fetal deterioration; however, in early growth restriction it is mainly expressed in the umbilical artery, and in late growth restriction (>34 weeks) in the middle cerebral artery. Abnormal biophysical profile and/or non-stress test can be considered as acute signs of fetal decompensation. Magnetic resonance imaging can provide information of fetuses at risk of abnormal neurodevelopment. Neonatal body composition in low birthweight newborns can be used to identify children at risk of metabolic complications. Gestational age at delivery is the most important ...

Glucose is the most important fetal nutrient and the production of this substrate increases in the pregnant woman. In the last trimester the increased insulin resistance directs energy substrates to the fetus. Fetal growth is sometimes disturbed, often without an obvious explanation.. After birth the newborn infant must produce its own glucose, primarily for the brain. Fatty acids from lipolysis are also important energy substrates. Hypoglycaemia can be a problem, occurring frequently in preterm infants and infants born small for gestational age (SGA). In addition, SGA infants are at risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Neonatal medication can influence energy metabolism. One such medication is theophylline, administered in preterm infants to prevent apnoea. We investigated energy substrate production in women with normal and IUGR pregnancies, in preterm neonates, before and after theophylline treatment and in newborn SGA infants, using stable isotope-labelled compounds and ...

The principal goal of our research program is to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms that link fetal growth retardation to the later development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. We currently have 3 major projects and several smaller projects. The first project focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress and ß-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. We have developed a model of fetal growth retardation in the rodent (mice and rats) which leads to the later development of diabetes and obesity in adult animals. We have established that fetal growth retardation induces progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mtDNA mutations, and electron transport defects. These defects cause abnormal ß-cell function and development, and hepatic and muscle insulin resistance. Oxidative stress decreases transcription of key genes related to ß-cell development, induces modifications of proteins of the Krebs cycle in the liver, and muscle. Pdx-1 is a critical ...

Most of the babies were born at full term, with an average birth weight of 3450g (which is around the UK average), while 4% were born prematurely, 0.3% were stillborn, and 0.7% were miscarried late. Overall, the results confirmed that these were low risk pregnancies. However, the authors found a dose-response relationship, showing that increasing caffeine intake was associated with increasing risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR).. Compared to pregnant women consuming less than 100mg/day (the equivalent of less than one cup of coffee), the risk estimates of having a lower birth weight baby increased by 20% for intakes of 100-199mg/day, by 50% for those taking between 200-299mg/day, and by 40% for over 300mg/day.. There was no level of caffeine intake at which the increased risk of FGR stopped increasing during pregnancy. Caffeine consumption of more than 100mg/day, the equivalent of one cup of coffee, was associated with a reduction in birth weight of 34-59g in the first, 24-74g in the ...

Approximately one-tenth of all pregnancies are complicated by fetal growth retardation, a condition which significantly increases the risk of fetal morbidity and mortality. Antepartum diagnosis with ultrasound, including qualitative amniotic fluid vo

Reproduced from: Malacova E, Regan A, Nassar N, Raynes-Greenow C, Leonard H, Srinivasjois R, Shand A, Lavin T, Pereira G. Risk of stillbirth, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction following exposure in a previous birth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2018;125:183-192 https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14906. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Multidisciplinary consensus on screening for, diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction in the Netherlands. AU - IRIS study group. AU - Verfaille, Viki. AU - de Jonge, Ank. AU - Mokkink, Lidwine. AU - Westerneng, Myrte. AU - van der Horst, Henriëtte. AU - Jellema, Petra. AU - Franx, Arie. AU - Bais, Joke. AU - Bonsel, Gouke J.. AU - Bosmans, Judith E.. AU - van Dillen, Jeroen. AU - van Duijnhoven, Noortje T.L.. AU - Grobman, William A.. AU - Groen, Henk. AU - Hukkelhoven, Chantal W.P.M.. AU - Klomp, Trudy. AU - Kok, Marjolein. AU - de Kroon, Marlou L.. AU - Kruijt, Maya. AU - Kwee, Anneke. AU - Ledda, Sabina. AU - Lafeber, Harry N.. AU - van Lith, Jan M.. AU - Mol, Ben Willem. AU - Molewijk, Bert. AU - Nieuwenhuijze, Marianne. AU - Oei, Guid. AU - Oudejans, Cees. AU - Paarlberg, K. Marieke. AU - Pajkrt, Eva. AU - Papageorghiou, Aris T.. AU - Reddy, Uma M.. AU - De Reu, Paul A.O.M.. AU - Rijnders, Marlies. AU - de Roon-Immerzeel, Alieke. AU - Scheele, Connie. AU - ...

Fetal growth restriction: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Late intrauterine growth restriction is infrequently diagnosed with an overall sensitivity of 40 % in low-risk pregnancies. In addition, late intrauterine growth restriction may be associated with intrauterine death and poor neonatal outcomes i.e. birth asphyxia and hospitalization in intensive care unit. The investigators hypothesis that a later third trimester routine ultrasound may be more accurate to diagnose late intrauterine growth restriction ...

Poor fetal growth, also known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is a worldwide health concern. IUGR is commonly associated with both an increased risk in perinatal mortality and a higher prevalence of developing chronic metabolic diseases later in life. Obesity, type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome could result from noxious

Brief Answer: IUGR Detailed Answer: hello, Thanks for the query to HCM, Firstly if your grand daughter is in the second trimester or early third trimester then one can actually establish a diagnosis of IUGR or intrauterine growth retardation. Period of gestation is important to know when she can...

Objective: (1) To describe the sex-specific, birth weight distribution by gestational age of babies born in a malaria endemic, rural area with high maternal HIV prevalence; (2) to assess the contribution of maternal health, nutritional status and obstetric history on intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and prematurity. Methods: Information was collected on all women attending antenatal services in two hospitals in Chikwawa District, Malawi, and at delivery if at the hospital facilities. New-borns were weighed and gestational age was assessed through post-natal examination (modified Ballard). Sex-specific growth curves were calculated using the LMS method and compared with international reference curves. Results: A total of 1423 live-born singleton babies were enrolled; 14.9% had a birth weight , 2500 g, 17.3% were premature (, 37 weeks) and 20.3% had IUGR. A fall-off in Malawian growth percentile values occurred between 34 and 37 weeks gestation. Significantly associated with increased IUGR ...

According to Stanford Childrens Health, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a term used to describe a condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy [1]. This condition is also called as fetal growth restriction where the newborn baby is comparatively much smaller in size for the gestational age. Fetuses with IUGR are born as either as preterm babies - after 37 weeks of pregnancy or prematurely - before 37 weeks.. ...

IUGR is when a baby in the womb doesnt grow at the expected rate during the pregnancy. Women with IUGR should eat a healthy diet; get enough sleep; and avoid alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.

IUGR is when a baby in the womb doesnt grow at the expected rate during the pregnancy. Women with IUGR should eat a healthy diet; get enough sleep; and avoid alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.

WHAT DOES THE TERM SGA (SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE) MEAN?. SGA (small for gestational age) generally describes any infant whose birth weight and/or birth length was less than the 3rd percentile, adjusted for prematurity (gestational age). Between 3% and 10% of live births each year are diagnosed as SGA. In addition, when ultrasound evidence demonstrated poor fetal growth while in-utero, an infant may also be described as IUGR, which means the fetus experienced intrauterine growth restriction.. The factors behind why an infant is born SGA can be quite complex. The factors include fetal (such as genetic syndrome), maternal (such as substance use or infection), placental, and/or demographic (mothers age, income level - these are both rare).. But setting aside these possible causes, 9 out of 10 infants born SGA do experience catch-up growth by the age of 2 years, and usually by 6 months of age. Catch-up growth typically means that the childs length curve moves upward, crossing the 3rd ...

Women with IBD overall did well during pregnancy; but rates of Caesarean section and intrauterine growth retardation (low birth weight babies) were higher than in women without IBD. Of the patients with Crohns disease (CD), those with quiescent-to-mild CD had similar outcomes to women without IBD; however, women with moderate to severe CD had a higher rate of miscarriage and almost a 3-fold higher rate of intrauterine growth retardation than women without IBD.. Previous studies could be easily biased since considerable numbers of pregnant women with IBD with quiescent or mild activity were likely to be excluded. We overcame this limitation by using a nationwide database covering 98% of the 52 million citizens of an entire nation said corresponding author Bo-In Lee, MD, PhD, of The Catholic University of Korea.. ...

Allergic susceptibility is associated with early life exposures, including intrauterine growth restriction and maternal allergy. Epidemiological and animal model studies suggest that restricted growth before birth is protective against later allergy development, whilst maternal allergy is generally associated with increased allergy risk in progeny. Causality and mechanisms mediating these associations are poorly understood, and I therefore investigated immune and allergic responses in ovine models following these prenatal exposures. The first aim of study one (chapter 2) was to determine the effects of intrauterine growth restriction, due to placental restriction (PR), on allergic susceptibility. The second aim (chapter 3) was to determine the effects of maternal dietary methyl donor and cofactor supplementation during late pregnancy on allergic susceptibility of PR progeny, since methyl donors can regulate gene methylation via the one-carbon pathway. Placental restriction was induced by ...

This trial is conducted in Europe. The aim of this trial is to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two dose levels of somatropin over a long period (till final height is reached). This trial is an extension to trials GHRETARD/BDP/14/NL (a 2-year initial trial) and GHRETARD/BPD/20/NL (a 2-year extension trial ...

Household air pollution (HAP) is the eighth leading risk factor for global disease burden, contributing to 2.9 million yearly premature deaths. Nearly 80% of the sub-Saharan population and about 90 million households in Nigeria use biomass as their primary fuel for cooking and energy needs, which can adversely impact their health. Exposure to air pollution has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes like stillbirth, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, reduced fetal head circumference, miscarriage, and intra-uterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR). ...

DLK1 (PREF1 and FA1) is a paternally expressed gene located in the human chromosome 14q32 imprinting cluster, approximately 90 kb away from the maternally expressed non-coding RNA gene MEG3 (also called GTL2). DLK1 encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein with six epidermal growth factor-like repeat motifs [64], known to be involved in adipogenesis [65]. Dlk1-null mice show high perinatal lethality, pre- and postnatal growth restriction followed by an obese phenotype [37], suggesting that it acts as a growth promoter.. In this study, the expression levels of DLK1 (all isoforms) in CVS (n = 99) and term placenta (n = 272) were correlated to fetal growth parameters. For the CVS analysis, only the tissues from extreme birthweight babies (less than 10th centile and more than 90th centile) were used. Using the regression model as described for H19, we did not observe any association between DLK1 expression and birthweight (p = 0.23) or with CRL (p = 0.16). However, term placental DLK1 expression did show ...

Research question: The symptoms of preterm labour and preterm delivery stand at the end of a pathophysiological process which is understood up to now insufficiently. So it does not amaze if previous preventive and therapeutic strategies have brought inadequate successes in the prevention of preterm delivery. Similar one is to be arrested for the intrauterine fetal growth retardation which represents presumably the result of a process beginning very early in the pregnancy. Some studies give evidence for psychosocial conditions for the process of pregnancy and birth. On the one hand fundamental deficits of previous investigations are in the disregard of important psychosocial performance-influencing factors (in particular fears, biographic factors, social network and partnership), on the other hand the retrospective design limits the informative value. Material and means: In the present prospective study 589 women between 16th and 22nd week of pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire that was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection of growth‐restricted fetuses in preeclampsia. T2 - A case‐control study. AU - CHAUHAN, SUNEET P.. AU - SCARDO, JAMES A.. AU - MAGANN, EVERETT F.. AU - DEVOE, LAWRENCE D.. AU - HENDRIX, NANCY W.. AU - MARTIN, JAMES N.. N1 - Funding Information: Supported in part by Vicksburg Hospital Medical Foundation. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999/5. Y1 - 1999/5. N2 - To determine the diagnostic accuracy of detecting growth-restricted fetuses in women with and without preeclampsia.. AB - To determine the diagnostic accuracy of detecting growth-restricted fetuses in women with and without preeclampsia.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032922935&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032922935&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1097/00006250-199905000-00011. DO - 10.1097/00006250-199905000-00011. M3 - Article. C2 - 10912968. AN - SCOPUS:0032922935. VL - 93. SP - 687. EP - 691. JO - Obstetrics and ...

Fetal adaptations to placental insufficiency alter postnatal metabolic homeostasis in skeletal muscle by reducing glucose oxidation rates, impairing insulin action, and lowering the proportion of oxidative fibers. In animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), skeletal muscle fibers have less myonuclei at birth. This means that myoblasts, the sole source for myonuclei accumulation in fibers, are compromised. Fetal hypoglycemia and hypoxemia are complications that result from placental insufficiency. Hypoxemia elevates circulating catecholamines, and chronic hypercatecholaminemia has been shown to reduce fetal muscle development and growth. We have found evidence for adaptations in adrenergic receptor expression profiles in myoblasts and skeletal muscle of IUGR sheep fetuses with placental insufficiency. The relationship of β-adrenergic receptors shifts in IUGR fetuses because Adrβ2 expression levels decline and Adrβ1 expression levels are unaffected in myofibers and increased in ...

Background Fetal Growth Restriction is often associated with a feto-placental vascular dysfunction conceivably involving endothelial cells. Our study aimed to verify this pathogenic role for feto-placental endothelial cells and, coincidentally, demonstrate any abnormality in the nitric oxide system. Methods Prenatal assessment of feto-placental vascular function was combined with measurement of nitric oxide (in the form of S-nitrosohemoglobin) and its nitrite byproduct, and of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Umbilical vein endothelial cells were also harvested to determine their gene profile. The study comprised term pregnancies with normal (n = 40) or small-for-gestational-age (n = 20) newborns, small-for-gestational-age preterm pregnancies (n = 15), and bi-chorial, bi-amniotic twin pregnancies with discordant fetal growth (n = 12). Results Umbilical blood nitrite (p|0.001) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (p = 0.02) rose with fetal growth restriction while

TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of Nod1 signaling induces fetal growth restriction and death through fetal and maternal vasculopathy. AU - Inoue, Hirosuke. AU - Nishio, Hisanori. AU - Takada, Hidetoshi. AU - Sakai, Yasunari. AU - Nanishi, Etsuro. AU - Ochiai, Masayuki. AU - Onimaru, Mitsuho. AU - Chen, Si Jing. AU - Matsui, Toshiro. AU - Hara, Toshiro. PY - 2016/3/15. Y1 - 2016/3/15. N2 - Intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and death (IUFD) are both serious problems in the perinatal medicine. Fetal vasculopathy is currently considered to account for a pathogenic mechanism of IUGR and IUFD. We previously demonstrated that an innate immune receptor, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (Nod1), contributed to the development of vascular inflammations in mice at postnatal stages. However, little is known about the deleterious effects of activated Nod1 signaling on embryonic growth and development. We report that administration of FK565, one of the Nod1 ligands, to pregnant C57BL/6 ...

We present a family with four sibs, two males and two females, affected by a distinct MCA syndrome.. This syndrome is dominated by early onset and severe intrauterine growth retardation with a disproportionally large head, a fetal akinesia deformation sequence with marked involvement of the lower limbs (fixed anteflexion of the hips), and early lethality. Variable expression of additional acral malformations (bilateral cleft hand in one male, proximal syndactyly of the toes (right II-III; left II-III/IV-V) in the other male) and genitourinary malformations (Rokitansky sequence in one female, renal hypoplasia/dysplasia in one male and one female, cryptorchidism in both males) were present.. Because the third sib, a male, had bilateral ectrodactyly of his hands and renal hypoplasia/dysplasia with ectopia, the diagnosis of acrorenal syndrome was considered. This condition, first described by Dieker and Opitz1 is acknowledged as a distinct clinical entity including the following acral defects: ...

To investigate whether the effect modification of smoking by maternal age previously reported for small for gestational age births was also obtained for late fetal death and placental abruption, the author analyzed single births in Sweden n=1,057,711 from 1983 to 1992. An effect modification of smoking by maternal age was obtained only with...

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a heterogeneous disorder of pregnancy associated with pathologically low fetal and neonatal weights. We hypothesized that FGR consists of multiple placental subtypes, similar to what we have observed in preeclampsia. To address this hypothesis, we assembled a fetal growth-focused human placental microarray data set (N=97) consisting of 20 new normotensive suspected FGR samples (below), in addition to term controls (N=26) and hypertensive suspected FGR samples (N=51) from GSE75010. Overall design: FGR was defined as an SGA infant (birthweight

Epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between early growth restriction and the subsequent development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Ligation of the uterine arteries in rats mimics uteroplacental insufficiency and serves as a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and subsequent developmental programming of impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and adiposity in the offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of uterine artery ligation on the skeletal muscle expression of insulin receptor and key enzymes of LCFA metabolism. Bilateral uterine artery ligation was performed on day 19 of gestation in Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats. Muscle of the posterior limb was dissected at birth and processed by real-time RT-PCR to analyze the expression of insulin receptor, ACCα, ACCβ (acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha and beta subunits), ACS (acyl-CoA synthase), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, alpha2 catalytic subunit), CPT1B (carnitine

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with the development of adult-onset diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism of the early nutritional insult that results in pulmonary vascular dysfunction later in life is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of voltage-gated potassium channel 1.5 (Kv1.5) in this prenatal event that results in exaggerated adult vascular dysfunction. A rat model of chronic hypoxia (2 weeks of hypoxia at 12 weeks old) following IUGR was used to investigate the physiological and structural effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the pulmonary artery by evaluating pulmonary artery systolic pressure and vascular diameter in male rats. Kv1.5 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were determined. We found that IUGR increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and resulted in thicker pulmonary artery smooth muscle layer in 14-week-old rats ...

Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 14 [upd(14)mat] may cause a characteristic phenotype with growth and developmental deficiency and precocious puberty. We report the case of a Japanese infant with an isochromosome 14 [i(14q)] and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The infant is o …

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION and BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER related symptoms, diseases, and genetic alterations. Get the complete information with

Growth restriction impacts on offspring development and increases their risk of disease in adulthood which is exacerbated with second hits. The aim of this study was to investigate if blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis were altered in 12-month-old male and female offspring with prenatal or postnatal growth restriction. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation induced uteroplacental insufficiency and growth restriction in offspring (Restricted). A sham surgery was also performed during pregnancy (Control) and some litters from sham mothers had their litter size reduced (Reduced litter), which restricted postnatal growth. Growth-restricted females only developed hypertension at 12 months, which was not observed in males. In Restricted females only homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was decreased, indicating enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity, which was not observed in males. Plasma leptin was increased only in the Reduced males at 12 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nutritional paradigms of ovine fetal growth restriction. T2 - implications for human pregnancy. AU - Luther, Justin S.. AU - Redmer, Dale A.. AU - Reynolds, Lawrence P.. AU - Wallace, Jacqueline. PY - 2005/9. Y1 - 2005/9. N2 - Low birth weight and prematurity are associated with short inter-pregnancy intervals, low pre-pregnancy weights, insufficient maternal weight gains during pregnancy, multifetal pregnancies and a young maternal age. Improvements in maternal nutritional status are arguably imperative for ensuring an appropriate pregnancy outcome in these vulnerable groups, but ethical boundaries limit these investigations. Experimental paradigms using the pregnant sheep have been widely used to identify the nutritionally sensitive periods of conceptus development. In adult sheep, severe undernutrition during the periconceptual period accelerates maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and results in pre-term delivery. Low pre-pregnancy weight, followed by ...

Introduction. Fetal growth restriction is the foremost cause of low birth weight (LBW) in developing countries, and is a characteristic reflection of the pervasive social and economic inequalities of these regions.1 Studies have shown that fetal malnutrition is a predisposing factor for increased morbidity in the first year of life and higher hospitalization rates in economically underprivileged regions, particularly due to respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases, and consequent increases in child mortality.2,3. A relationship exists between infectious diseases and nutritional issues. Nutritional status compromise leads to a decline in resistance to infection, and infections, in turn, jeopardize nutritional status by producing negative effects on appetite and food acceptance, thus maintaining the vicious circle of infectious disease and nutritional deficits. Micronutrient deficiencies, including iron deficiency, are frequently associated with decline in nutritional status and can induce ...

Meiotic origin of trisomy in confined placental mosaicism is correlated with presence of fetal uniparental disomy, high levels of trisomy in trophoblast, and increased risk of fetal intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Apr;60(4):917-27. PMID: 9106539; UI: 97260419. Sanchez JM, et al. ...

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The focus of my research is in understanding the mechanisms that cause fetal growth restriction and drive fetal programming of adult disease.. The fetus is entirely dependent upon a healthy, functional placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to support normal growth. Fetal growth restriction (FGR), which describes a fetus that fails to achieve its genetic growth potential, affects approximately 10% of pregnancies in developed countries. Although the precise mechanisms are often unclear, FGR is frequently attributed to placental insufficiency, where the placental supply of nutrients fails to meet fetal demand. Placental insufficiency typically results in asymmetric growth restriction, with brain growth spared at the expense of other organs such as the liver, and rapid catch-up growth observed in the first year. In addition to increased morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period, FGR is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity in ...

Our main finding was that the size of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with the birth weight. Approximately half of this association was due to the effect of first trimester size on the duration of pregnancy. The clinical significance of this finding is underlined by the association between fetal growth in early pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age infant. Before the widespread use of ultrasound, fetal growth was thought to be largely genetically determined in early pregnancy and variation in fetal growth was thought to be primarily a feature of the second half of pregnancy.13 With the widespread clinical use of ultrasound, analysis of routinely collected data showed that fetuses that were smaller than expected in early pregnancy were at increased risk of adverse outcome, particularly poor growth. Intrauterine growth restriction was postulated to be evident in very early pregnancy.6 However, other authors suggested that a prolonged interval ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the main risk factors associated with stillbirth in a multiethnic English maternity population. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: National Health Service region in England. POPULATION: 92,218 normally formed singletons including 389 stillbirths from 24 weeks of gestation, delivered during 2009-11. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk of stillbirth. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis identified a significant risk of stillbirth for parity (para 0 and para ≥ 3), ethnicity (African, African-Caribbean, Indian, and Pakistani), maternal obesity (body mass index ≥ 30), smoking, pre-existing diabetes, and history of mental health problems, antepartum haemorrhage, and fetal growth restriction (birth weight below 10th customised birthweight centile). As potentially modifiable risk factors, maternal obesity, smoking in pregnancy, and fetal growth restriction together accounted for 56.1% of the stillbirths. Presence of fetal growth restriction constituted the highest risk, and this applied to ...

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight for gestational age may predispose one to development of cardiovascular disease later in life. Abnormal fetal blood flow in the presence of fetal growth restriction helps to distinguish infants with true fetal growth impairment from small but normal infants. Our goal was to investigate associations between IUGR with abnormal fetal blood flow and abnormal retinal vascular morphology at 18 years of age. METHODS: A prospective study was performed with 21 subjects with IUGR (abnormal fetal aortic blood flow velocity; birth weight small for gestational age; median birth weight deviation from the population mean of -31% [range: -22% to -42%] and in 23 subjects with birth weight appropriate for gestational age [normal fetal aortic blood flow velocity; median birth weight deviation of -2% (range: -10% to 22%)]). The retinal vessel morphology was evaluated by digital image analysis. RESULT: Subjects with IUGR (n = 21) had ...

Deteriorated blood rheology has been demonstrated in obstetric diseases with decreased placental perfusion. Many of the patients investigated in these studies suffered from conditions associated with hemorheological abnormalities, such as diabetes or

Lancet 2000;356:399-400. (Celiac.com 08/13/2000) According to a recent study by Dr. Antonio Gasbarrini and colleagues from Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, in Rome, celiac disease may play a role in recurrent spontaneous abortio

In this study, we identify important risk factors for PH in a referral neonatal population including birthweight, the presence of an atrial septal defect, intrauterine growth restriction, and caffeine therapy. Further, we have shown that atrial septal defect and intrauterine growth restriction are significantly associated with late PH in infants who are at or near-term gestation.. In our multivariable model, the presence of an atrial septal defect increased the odds of late PH significantly, even when gestational age, growth restriction, caffeine use, and positive-pressure ventilation were controlled. Further, this association was strengthened in a subgroup of infants who had their final echocardiogram showing PH at or near term. Supporting these findings, other investigators have also found an association between the presence of an ASD and the development of PH in infants with BPD, a diagnosis that conferred an increased risk of mortality [22, 23]. Animal models of chronic left-to-right ...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pathology of pregnancy that results in failure of the fetus to reach its genetically determined growth potential. In developed nations the most common cause of IUGR is impaired placentation resulting from poor trophoblast function, which reduces blood flow to the fetoplacental unit, promotes hypoxia and enhances production of bioactive lipids (TXA2 and isoprostanes) which act through the thromboxane receptor (TP). TP activation has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in pregnancy complications, including IUGR; however, the role of TP isoforms during pregnancy is poorly defined. We have determined that expression of the human-specific isoform of TP (TPβ) is increased in placentae from IUGR pregnancies, compared to healthy pregnancies. Overexpression of TPα enhanced trophoblast proliferation and syncytialisation. Conversely, TPβ attenuated these functions and inhibited migration. Expression of the TPβ transgene in mice resulted in growth ...

PURPOSE: to evaluate the effectiveness of the IUGR model by uterine artery ligation mimicking placental insufficiency in rats. METHODS: sprague-Dawley rat fetuses were divided into three groups: IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction), with fetuses in the right horn of pregnant rats subjected to right uterine artery ligation at 18.5 days of gestation (term = 22 days); C-IUGR (control of restriction), with control fetuses in the left horn, and EC (external control), with fetuses of intact rats. Animals were harvested by cesarean section at day 21.5 days of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and then sacrificed. The intestine, liver, kidney and placenta were weighed and dissected for morphometric and histological analysis. RESULTS: the morphometric data showed decreased body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and intestinal weight (IW) of fetuses with IUGR compared to C-IUGR and EC (p,0.001). The placental weight (PW), renal weight (RW) and LW/BW, IW/BW, and RW/BW ratios did not change. IUGR fetuses had ...

Evaluation and Management of Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction.: Impaired fetal growth owing to placental insufficiency is a major contributor to adverse perin

To our knowledge, this study first demonstrated in vivo evidence that inflammatory responses in pregnant mice upon activated Nod1 signaling severely affected their fetal growth and survival. The present study also clarified that Nod1-associated inflammatory responses in both maternal and fetal vascular tissues contributed to the pathogeneses of IUGR and IUFD that were mimicked by maternal injection of FK565.. Nod1 is a member of the NLR family that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. Nod1 detects dipeptide γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), which is present in the peptidoglycan of most Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and certain Gram-positive bacteria (11, 12, 23). DAP-containing bacteria release Nod1 ligands into the environment, and Nod1 ligands are stable in higher temperatures or under acidic or basic conditions (23). It has been suggested that the chronic stimulation of the host immune system by various bacteria present in the environment and food may be ...

EDITOR-Williams and Poulton report that their 22 adolescent twins had lower blood pressure than singletons.1 They interpret their data as being contrary to the fetal origins hypothesis because they presume that twins, being small at birth, would tend to have higher rather than lower blood pressure in later life. As twins have different patterns of fetal growth from singletons, however, they were specifically excluded from the fetal origins hypothesis.2. There are several reasons why the low birth weight of twins may not have the same significance as intrauterine growth retardation in singleton births. Ultrasound evidence suggests that twins down regulate their growth rate early in gestation, possibly during the first trimester.3 Studies in fetal lambs suggest that early down regulation of fetal growth protects against growth retardation induced by undernutrition in later gestation.4 Finally, the metabolic and endocrine changes associated with growth retardation in singleton infants, including ...

I am collaborating with Drs. Rob Hammond and Tim Regnault from the Departments of Pathology and Ob/Gyn, respectively, to determine the impact of adverse pregnancy conditions and labour related events on fetal/neonatal inflammation at the time of birth. I am collaborating with Dr. Martin Frasch from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Montreal and Dr. Michael Ross from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California Los Angeles on the utility of fetal brain electrical activity and heart rate variability to better delineate fetal wellbeing with induced hypoxic-acidemia as might be seen during human labour. Lastly, I am collaborating with Dr. Rob Hammond from the Department of Pathology to determine the impact of fetal growth restriction on brain development using immunohistochemistry measures of neuronal connectivity and myelinization.. ...

Adzick NS, Thom EA, Spong CY, Brock JW,3rd, Burrows PK, Johnson MP, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med 2011 Mar 17;364(11):993-1004. Epub 2011 Feb 9. (PMID:21306277). AND. Simpson JL, Greene MF. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele?. N Engl J Med 2011 Mar 17;364(11):1076-7. Epub 2011 Feb 9. (PMID:21306233). Walker DM, Marlow N, Upstone L, Gross H, Hornbuckle J, Vail A, et al. The Growth Restriction Intervention Trial: long-term outcomes in a randomized trial of timing of delivery in fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Jan;204(1):34.e1-9. Epub 2010 Nov 5. (PMID:21056403). AND. Baschat AA, Odibo AO. Timing of delivery in fetal growth restriction and childhood development: some uncertainties remain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Jan;204(1):2-3. (PMID:21187193). von Dadelszen P, Payne B, Li J, Ansermino JM, Broughton Pipkin F, Cote AM, et al. Prediction of adverse maternal outcomes in pre-eclampsia: development and validation of ...

Free, official information about 2010 (and also 2011-2015) ICD-9-CM diagnosis code 656.5, including coding notes, detailed descriptions, index cross-references and ICD-10-CM conversion.

Because cerebral palsy (CP) is relatively uncommon (∼2.8 per 1000 live births15), trials and cohort studies are unlikely to show changes in CP rate relating to FGR, as most will be underpowered for this outcome. Evidence therefore comes from association studies in mainly epidemiological cohorts using birth weight as a surrogate for FGR. Indeed it has been estimated that reduced birth weight is causally associated with spastic CP: 22% of the attributable risk accruing from being below the 10th centile of the comparison population birthweight distribution.16. For some time it has been established that SGA babies at term are at higher risk than babies of appropriate weight for gestational age: in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project cohort born in 1959-66, the rates were 3.3 and 0.6 per 1000 children, respectively.17 The most recent data from a similarly large CP register collaboration endorse this: children born at 32-42 weeks of gestation had 4-6 times the prevalence of CP compared with ...

INTRODUCTION: Current classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is mostly based on temporal classification differentiating HDP according to early and late onset of the disease. However, epidemiological and clinical data suggest that there are two different clinical phenotypes of HDP that coexist at any gestational age: HDP associated to intrauterine growth restriction (HDP-IUGR) and HDP associated to appropriate for gestational age fetal growth (HDP-AGAf). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of first trimester uterine arteries (UtA) by Doppler velocimetry, and maternal risk factors with HDP according to two different classifications: one based on gestational age at delivery (early- and late-HDP), and one based on longitudinal ultrasound evaluation of fetal growth (HDP-IUGR and HDP-AGAf), independently of the gestational age ...

This study is evaluating the effectiveness of sildenafil (versus placebo) in achieving healthy perinatal survival, in women with singleton pregnancies with

My obstetric appointment didnt go quite as exactly as hoped for. The doctor measured the fundal height and asked me if I had an ultrasound yet, I said no. So she said well you are going to have one today, you are measuring a small. Since I entered the third trimester I have had comments…

My obstetric appointment didnt go quite as exactly as hoped for. The doctor measured the fundal height and asked me if I had an ultrasound yet, I said no. So she said well you are going to have one today, you are measuring a small. Since I entered the third trimester I have had comments…

One of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This has further serious consequences as predisposition to lifelong increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, renal disease among others. Pregnancy establishment implies the existence of an ideal developed placenta, which ensures the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Factors influencing placental vascular development and function have a dramatic impact on fetal growth and development, and by extension on neonatal survival and growth. Using a mouse model which carries a Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) deletion, we could show that HO-1 act as a pivotal factor in supporting placentation and fetal development in our recent publications. Mice deficient in Hmox1 present aberrant placentation followed by a clear phenotype of IUGR and subsequent intrauterine fetal death. The effects of HO-1 seem to occur independent of the maternal adaptive immune system and hormonal influence. ...