The Early-Mid Mesozoic was a time of broad ecological and geochemical change punctuated by two major biotic and environmental crises - the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions. In the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the Modern Fauna emerged as the dominant taxonomic group. Herein, bioclastic accumulations are used to track ecological dominance across the Early Mesozoic, particularly in the Middle Triassic aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction interval. Additionally, a literature search is used to trace the waning ecological importance of the crinoids, constituents of the Paleozoic Fauna, through the Mesozoic. Despite diminished diversity, the Paleozoic Fauna regained ecological dominance in the post-extinction world. After a Middle Triassic comeback, the crinoids persisted as ecological dominants through the Jurassic before their ecological twilight in the earliest Cretaceous. The timing of these patterns does not fit the suggestion of an ecological upheaval caused by ...
Abundant calcareous tubeworms have been found in both shallow platform and deep basin deposits after the end-Permian mass extinction in the Cili area, South China. Tubeworms from the microbialites deposited on the shallow platform appear to be cone-shaped tubes with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 mm (mean 1.1 mm), while those attached to Claraia, the most abundant bivalve fossil preserved in the deep basin deposits after the mass extinction, are planispiral tubes with smaller diameters (0.5-1.5 mm, mean 0.9 mm). The calcareous tubeworms are identified as Microconchida (Tentaculita) according to the typical laminated sheet texture of the tubeworms found on the shallow platform. The difference in morphology between the cone-shaped tubeworms found in the microbialites and the planispiral tubeworms attached to Claraia in deeper water deposits may be related to differences in how fast the surrounding sediments were accumulating. Bacterially mediated precipitation of calcium carbonate led to rapid ...
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A new model of delayed species loss (extinction debt) within isolated communities is applied to a large data set of terrestrial vertebrate assemblages (n = 188) occupying habitat fragments or islands varying greatly in size and age. The model encapsulates previous approaches based on diversity-dependent (DD) extinction rates while allowing for a more flexible treatment of temporal dynamics. Three important results emerge. First, species loss rate slows down with the age of the isolate, a strong and general pattern largely unnoticed so far. Secondly, while being good candidates in the light of previous works, DD models fail to account for this pattern, a result that necessitates a search for other mechanisms. Thirdly, a simple diversity-independent model based on area (converted into population size) and age explains 97% of the variability in species loss rate and appears to be a promising predictive tool to handle extinction debt following habitat loss ...
Are we able to detect mass extinction events using phylogenies. The estimation of the rates of speciation and extinction provides important information on the macro-evolutionary proces. Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
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By combining fractional amounts of an assumed standard Arctic methane fountain/torch/plume with a global warming potential of 1000 (which equals a 16 oC temperature rise (4 - 20 oC) over one year - 2010 - 2011) with the mean global temperature curve (from IPCC 2007 - gradient data) it was possible to closely match the 5 visually and mathematically determined best estimates of the global extinction gradients shown in Figure 6 (a to e). Because the thermal radiant flux from the earth into space is a function of its area (Lide and Fredrickse, 1995) we can roughly determine how many years it will take for the methane to spread globally by getting the ratio of the determined fraction of the mean global temperature curve to the fraction of the Arctic methane fountain/torch/plume curve, as the latter is assumed to represent only one year of methane emissions. In addition as the earths surface area is some 5.1*10^8 square kilometres (Lide and Fredrickse, 1995) a rough estimate of the average area of ...
Extinction risk in vertebrates has been linked to large body size, but this putative relationship has only been explored for select taxa, with variable results. Using a newly assembled and taxonomically expansive database, we analyzed the relationships between extinction risk and body mass (27,647 species) and between extinction risk and range size (21,294 species) for vertebrates across six main classes. We found that the probability of being threatened was positively and significantly related to body mass for birds, cartilaginous fishes, and mammals. Bimodal relationships were evident for amphibians, reptiles, and bony fishes. Most importantly, a bimodal relationship was found across all vertebrates such that extinction risk changes around a body mass breakpoint of 0.035 kg, indicating that the lightest and heaviest vertebrates have elevated extinction risk. We also found range size to be an important predictor of the probability of being threatened, with strong negative relationships across ...
Dear Friend,. We live in a cyclic universe, however we tend to count history in terms of a very short life span. Archaeologists and geologists are unearthing historical cycles of advanced civilization from thousands to millions of years ago. These findings show that there have been mass extinctions in time past. And recent findings show that we are at the start of the Holocene or 6th known mass extinction of our planet. ¹ No one factor seems to cause this. It would appear that a cluster of certain circumstances is a prelude to a mass extinction.. Although supernovas, volcanoes, floods, asteroids, meteorites, glaciation, ocean anoxia have caused previous mass extinctions according to scientists. One of the signs of a coming mass extinction is the disappearance of many animal forms. ² In this cycle already, many hundreds of species have become extinct.. Noah is one individual who felt the responsibility to save the animals (or DNA as purported by some) of his era, according to Genesis. We, as ...
This study examines the Colloquium which is a professional development process used in Catholic schools. The Colloquium was designed to help people employed in catholic schools renew their vision of care and service to students and to seek to reshape the curriculum to reflect Gospel values more clearly. This thesis was a research evaluation of the Colloquium process and aimed to exploreits effectiveness in te1ms of its impact on the teachers and their work in Catholic schools. The study is based on the theoretical domains of faith development, school improvement end staff development. The design of the study involved before and after questionnaires about the colloquium experience and unstructured interviews. The conclusion drawn from the qualitative data is that the Colloquium process influences the faith development or the individual as well as the staff collectively. It influences relationships and can lead to the building of a shared vision and an identification of common goals for the improvement of
The K-Pg extinction event was severe, global, rapid, and selective. In terms of severity, the event eliminated a vast number of species. Based on marine fossils, it is estimated that 75% or more of all species were made extinct by the K-Pg extinction event.[20]. The event appears to have affected all continents at the same time. Non-avian dinosaurs, for example, are known from the Maastrichtian of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and Antarctica,[29] but are unknown from the Cenozoic anywhere in the world. Similarly, fossil pollen shows devastation of the plant communities in areas as far apart as New Mexico, Alaska, China, and New Zealand.[18]. Even though the boundary event was severe, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades. Species that depended on photosynthesis declined or became extinct as atmospheric particles blocked sunlight and reduced the solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth. This plant extinction ...
The common Early Triassic (Olenekian) gastropod Turbo rectecostatus from the upper Werfen Formation of the Alps is placed in the new genus Werfenella. Elimination of the wrong or outdated generic assignments of Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic gastropods to archetypical genera such as Turbo, Trochus, or Natica (all with Recent type species) represents an important step toward understanding the evolutionary history of the gastropods across the Permian/Triassic mass-extinction event. The first appearance of Werfenella in the Olenekian, as well as the origination of other groups of gastropods, suggests an early turnover in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction event. The relatively large size of Werfenella (up to 35 mm) sheds doubt on assertions that all Early Triassic gastropods are microgastropods (Lilliput effect). The new genus is placed in the caenogastropod family Purpurinidae and represents its earliest occurrence. However, a placement of Werfenella in the Archaeogastropoda ...
WONG, Heidi and WANG, Steve C., Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081, [email protected]. In the past few decades, there has been much interest in determining whether mass extinction events were simultaneous or gradual. This task, however, is complicated by the incompleteness of the fossil record. Using statistical methods, a number of authors have accounted for such Signor-Lipps effects in testing whether a pattern of fossil occurrences is consistent with a simultaneous extinction. In such tests, the null hypothesis is typically that the extinction was simultaneous, with the alternative hypothesis being that the extinction was gradual. If the record of fossil occurrences does not strongly contradict the null hypothesis, we conclude the extinction could have been simultaneous. However, even if the null hypothesis is not rejected, it is incorrect to infer that the null hypothesis must therefore be true. In fact, any set of fossil occurrences ...
Maropeng is thrilled to announce that it will be hosting the Royal Society of South Africas Broom Colloquium on November 26, 2011. The top scientists behind some of the more recent palaeontological discoveries will be gathering for the day to present papers on a wide range of research issues.. This Broom Colloquium serves to commemorate the death of renowned palaeontologist and medical doctor, Professor Robert Broom, 60 years ago.. The colloquium is an initiative of the Royal Society of South Africa, in partnership with Maropeng, to honour Broom in the context of recent discoveries of and research on hominids and other fossils from the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. Maropeng curator Lindsay Marshall says that hosting the colloquium is very prestigious. It adds a huge amount of credibility to Maropengs role, not only as a tourism destination but as a place where international scientific discussion can take place.. An exhibition of original fossils discovered at Bolts Farm, one of ...
The successful experience of the first International Colloquium, in 1997, was on Money, Growth, Distribution and Structural Change: Contemporaneous Analysis, that coincided with the foundation of PhD Program in Economics at the University of Brasilia (UnB). It was an outstanding meeting with the presence of many fine scholars from Brazil and the larger world community.. The 1999 International Colloquium on Economic Dynamics and Economic Policy which was the result of the consolidation of efforts to stimulate and sustain a critical dialogue, continued to develop these critical themes leading to a series of colloquia that followed. These include the 2001 International Colloquium on Structural Change, Growth and Redistribution and the 2003 International Colloquium on Globalization, New Technologies and Economic Relations, both held in Brasilia, with the support of the UnB and other institutions and had the presence of scholars from various countries around the world.. Subsequent to this ...
The successful experience of the first International Colloquium, in 1997, was on Money, Growth, Distribution and Structural Change: Contemporaneous Analysis, that coincided with the foundation of PhD Program in Economics at the University of Brasilia (UnB). It was an outstanding meeting with the presence of many fine scholars from Brazil and the larger world community.. The 1999 International Colloquium on Economic Dynamics and Economic Policy which was the result of the consolidation of efforts to stimulate and sustain a critical dialogue, continued to develop these critical themes leading to a series of colloquia that followed. These include the 2001 International Colloquium on Structural Change, Growth and Redistribution and the 2003 International Colloquium on Globalization, New Technologies and Economic Relations, both held in Brasilia, with the support of the UnB and other institutions and had the presence of scholars from various countries around the world.. Subsequent to this ...
ABSTRACT. The end-Permian extinction event is regarded as the most severe of the five major extinction events in the history of life. Recent work in the Karoo Basin of South Africa suggests that the extinctions at the Permo-Triassic boundary (PTB) may have been followed by a second pulse of extinctions, one that claimed the few species that crossed the PTB and thus survived the first extinction pulse. We report here a new specimen of the procolophonoid reptile, Sauropareion anoplus, which was known heretofore only from a single specimen from Lower Triassic strata of the Palingkloof Member, Balfour Formation. The new specimen comes from the lower part of the overlying Katberg Formation and serves as the last appearance datum for the stratigraphic range of S. anoplus. It indicates that S. anoplus survived the second pulse of PTB extinctions and reinforces the hypothesis that procolophonoid evolution was not seriously perturbed by extinctions that mark the beginning of the Triassic Period.. ...
Urban also made the surprising discovery that the varying research methods employed didnt matter - the different papers all pointed towards similar estimates of extinction risk. Studies that built statistical models that correlate environmental factors to the distribution and abundance of species, produced on average the same results as mechanistic or process-based models that simulate populations of species. Very different techniques were producing the same magnitudes of extinction risk.. However, there were some key factors in Urbans analysis that were associated with large uncertainty. The biggest differences in extinction risk were associated with different carbon emissions scenarios. This will be largely up to us to determine - how much of the existing reserves of coal, oil and gas are we willing to burn off? The second most important factor was the extinction debt - the unavoidable extinction of species - as a consequence of habitat loss.. If a species of tree frog can only reproduce in ...
The explanations as to the main drivers of this seemingly sudden emergence in diversity and disparity in life has puzzled researchers for decades. Charles Darwin was quoted as saying To the question why we do not find rich fossiliferous deposits belonging to these assumed earliest periods prior to the Cambrian system, I can give no satisfactory answer (Darwin 1876). Some of the reasons have centred on environmental changes such as the rapid oxygenation of the oceans, changes in ocean chemistry, release of methane into the atmosphere warming the planet leading to conditions where rapid diversification was possible (Zhang et al. 2014). A mass extinction event at the boundary of the Ediacaran-Cambrian period, eliminating existing Ediacaran fauna making way for the explosion in Cambrian life forms (Laflamme et al. 2013) and ecological and developmental causes have also been suggested (Zhang et al. 2014).. The evidence for a mass extinction event at the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary is problematic, ...
For instance how many Homo habilis do you see walking around today? Or how about how many neanderthals do you see around today? Those that have not integrated into the home sapiens gene pool have either been killed off or died off. There are many types of humans which are not around today. And if tomorrow a more better species of human were to be introduced or even an alien species, the same fate in time would follow for home sapiens. Even if a hybrid human were to be introduced into this ecosystem you call earth, and it were more successful then homo sapiens, even if it were just a bit more smarter or faster or stronger or able to think in a bit different way, in time you can beat you all will go extinct by the mere fact that it will be able to survive and thrive were you all will just run against the same walls over and over again. Like before no wars or tribal warfare need be fought, you all will literally kill each other off in your ignorance. But enough about hybrids, thats probably ...
When we see records being broken and unprecedented events such as this, the onus is on those who deny any connection to climate change to prove their case. Global warming has fundamentally altered the background conditions that give rise to all weather. In the strictest sense, all weather is now connected to climate change. Kevin Trenberth. HIT THE PAGE DOWN KEY TO SEE THE POSTS Now at 8,800+ articles. HIT THE PAGE DOWN KEY TO SEE THE POSTS. ...
TY - GEN. T1 - Local quenching and recovery phenomena of turbulent premixed and non-premixed combined flames in an opposite flow. AU - Yahagi, Yuji. AU - Tsunekawa, Takuya. AU - Yokoyama, Takahiro. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. N2 - The local quenching and recovery phenomena of impinging lean premixed CH4 air flame (LPF) and lean CH4 diluted with N2 non-premixed flame or diffusion flame (LDF) with different turbulence conditions have been investigated experimentally for fundamental studies of the heterogeneous lean combustion. The reacting flows are visualized by high speed time series of a particles image velocimetry (PIV). Near the global extinction limit, the local quenching phenomena observed frequently. However, the local quenching is not always trigger to develop the global extinction. Most of cases, the flame can recover from the local quenching phenomena. There are two distinct local quenching recovery mechanisms. One is passive recovery mode and other is active recovery mode. The local ...
The Late Pleistocene global extinction of many terrestrial mammal species has been a subject of intensive scientific study for over a century, yet the relative contributions of environmental changes and the global expansion of humans remain unresolved. A defining component of these extinctions is a bias toward large species, with the majority of small-mammal taxa apparently surviving into the present. Here, we investigate the population-level history of a key tundra-specialist small mammal, the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus), to explore whether events during the Late Pleistocene had a discernible effect beyond the large mammal fauna. Using ancient DNA techniques to sample across three sites in North-West Europe, we observe a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity in this species over the last 50,000 y. We further identify a series of extinction-recolonization events, indicating a previously unrecognized instability in Late Pleistocene small-mammal populations, which we link with ...
Evolution, mass extinctions and mass speciations are the result of ionizing radiation, magnetic field reversals, and other factors of an activated planet. The resulting rearrangment of genetic material leads to new species and the extinction of the older species, and this is why mass extinctions are followed by mass speciations.
All content remains freely available on the Colloquium website and open to everyone!. Cochranes annual flagship event brings together the worlds most influential health researchers, scientists, academics, opinion leaders, clinicians, and patients to promote evidence-informed decision-making. The unprecedented situation of civil unrest across Santiago led to the cancellation of our face-to face 2019 Colloquium and Cochranes first virtual Colloquium. Whilst we recognize our virtual meeting can never replace what we would have achieved together in-person in Chile, we believe that this unique week of content as a fitting tribute to recognizing the extraordinary efforts of hundreds of contributors and the Cochrane communitys spirit of resilience and collaboration.. We were so pleased to see all of the social media activity around Virtual #CochraneSantiago last week and it was very exciting to see the diverse content. The amount of work that went into the nearly 180 digital posters and close to ...
Due to regulations regarding the COVID-19 situation, all the SCCS Colloquium sessions with physical presence are cacelled until further notice. If you need to present your work as part of a graded project, please contact your advisor. Projects that need to and can be presented via videoconference as part of a graded exam can be hosted. The SC²S Colloquium is a forum giving students, guests, and members of the chair the opportunity to present their research insights, results, and challenges. Do you need ideas for your thesis topic? Do you want to meet your potential supervisor? Do you want to discuss your research with a diverse group of researchers, rehearse your conference talk, or simply cheer for your colleagues? This is the right place for you! When and where: Wednesdays at 3 pm, in the room 02.07.023. Guests are always welcome! You dont want to miss a talk? Subscribe to our mailing list and our Colloquium calendar (iCal link, updated regularly). ...
A Joint Meeting of the British Mathematical Colloquium (BMC) and the British Applied Mathematics Colloquium (BAMC) was held at the University of Cambridge from 11:00 on Monday 30th March 2015 to 13:00 on Thursday 2nd April 2015. This was the 4th Joint Meeting following Warwick (2002), Liverpool (2005) and Edinburgh (2010). ...
A Joint Meeting of the British Mathematical Colloquium (BMC) and the British Applied Mathematics Colloquium (BAMC) was held at the University of Cambridge from 11:00 on Monday 30th March 2015 to 13:00 on Thursday 2nd April 2015. This was the 4th Joint Meeting following Warwick (2002), Liverpool (2005) and Edinburgh (2010). ...
Below is an interesting paper, with PDF files online, about the role of contact metamorphism of evaporites and organic rich strata by the Siberian Traps and the end-Permian extinctions. Svensen, H., Planke, S., Polozov, A.G., Schmidbauer, N., Corfu, F., Podladchikov, Y.Y. and Jamtveit, B., 2009. Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277(3-4), pp.490-500. http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Svensen_EPSL_2009.pdf https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/publicationspapers/ https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/page/2/ Some related papers are: Burgess, S.D., Muirhead, J.D. and Bowring, S.A., 2017. Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction. Nature Communications, 8(1), p.164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318793382_Initial_pulse_of_Siberian_Traps_sills_as_the_trigger_of_the_end-Permian_mass_extinction https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muirhead_D ...
Below is an interesting paper, with PDF files online, about the role of contact metamorphism of evaporites and organic rich strata by the Siberian Traps and the end-Permian extinctions. Svensen, H., Planke, S., Polozov, A.G., Schmidbauer, N., Corfu, F., Podladchikov, Y.Y. and Jamtveit, B., 2009. Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277(3-4), pp.490-500. http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Svensen_EPSL_2009.pdf https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/publicationspapers/ https://henriksvensen.wordpress.com/page/2/ Some related papers are: Burgess, S.D., Muirhead, J.D. and Bowring, S.A., 2017. Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction. Nature Communications, 8(1), p.164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318793382_Initial_pulse_of_Siberian_Traps_sills_as_the_trigger_of_the_end-Permian_mass_extinction https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muirhead_D ...
If you are curious about Earths periodic mass extinction events such as the sudden demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, you might consider crashing asteroids and sky-darkening super volcanoes as culprits. However, a new study, published June 15, 2008, in the journal Nature, suggests that it is the ocean, and in particular the…
Studies of the end-Permian mass extinction have suggested a variety of patterns from a single catastrophic event to multiple phases. But most of these analyses have been based on fossil distributions from single localities. Although single sections may simplify the interpretation of species diversity, they are susceptible to bias from stratigraphic incompleteness and facies control of preservation. Here we use a data set of 1450 species from 18 fossiliferous sections in different paleoenvironmental settings across South China and the northern peri-Gondwanan region, and integrate it with high-precision geochronologic data to evaluate the rapidity of the largest Phanerozoic mass extinction. To reduce the Signor-Lipps effect, we applied constrained optimization (CONOP) to search for an optimal sequence of first and last occurrence datums for all species and generate a composite biodiversity pattern based on multiple sections. This analysis indicates that an abrupt extinction of 62% of species took ...
Studies of species-area curves and of the spatial correlation of biogeographic ranges with climatic variables may allow some crude prediction of amount of extinction over large regions in the face of major environmental change. However, these approaches tell little about the proximate causes of species loss. The contention that failure of metapopulation dynamics is at the root of many species extinctions is so far not borne out by observed rates of inter-population movement. Rather, most species that have a metapopulation structure seem to have central source populations and peripheral sink populations. Much of the extinction recorded in the ecological literature is probably of such peripheral populations and their loss has little to do with species extinctions. The disappearance of central, source populations is more important but its causes are not well documented. Habitat loss is the single greatest ultimate cause of current extinction. However, disappearance of the very last individuals of ...
Previous fossil records suggested this group was part of an ancient lineage from North America but the DNA showed these unusual forms were part of the modern radiation of equid species, Dr Orlando says.. A new species of ass was also detected on the Russian Plains and appears to be related to European fossils dating back more than 1.5 million years. Carbon dates on the bones reveal that this species was alive as recently as 50,000 years ago.. Overall, the new genetic results suggest that we have under-estimated how much a single species can vary over time and space, and mistakenly assumed more diversity among extinct species of megafauna, Professor Cooper says. This has important implications for our understanding of human evolution, where a large number of species are currently recognised from a relatively fragmentary fossil record. It also implies that the loss of species diversity that occurred during the megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last Ice Age may not have been as ...
As the need increases for sound estimates of impending rates of animal and plant species extinction, scientists must have a firm grounding in the qualitative and quantitative methods required to make the best possible predictions. Extinction Rates offers the most wide-ranging and practical introduction to those methods available.
Susan is Adjunct Professor of History at the University of Guelph, Ontario. In her research she seeks to progressively give voice to and interrogate nursings complex and contested contribution to global health and humanitarianism. Her most recent book, China Gadabouts: New Frontiers of Humanitarian Nursing, 1941-51 charts the experiences of western and Chinese nurses volunteering in this conflict.. For the colloquium, her paper focuses on her current research regarding civilian nursing and medical aid in Vietnam, both the Quakers, sponsored by the American Friends Service Committee and Canadian nurses working for the Canadian International Development Agency under the Columbo Plan. This is the first substantive look at civilian humanitarian nursing during the Vietnam War, reflecting upon the professional and personal ethical challenges presented by the changing humanitarian landscape since 1945.. We could not ask for a more relevant and thought-provoking opening to the colloquium which will be ...
The 2014 FRS Colloquium (April 18) was a celebration of scholarship featuring thirty-six presentations from the 2013-14 Freshman Research Scholars. With refreshments and live music provided by OSU students Carlton and Friends in the beautiful Edmon Low Library Browsing Room, the colloquium was a lively, engaging event for students, faculty mentors, friends, family and the greater OSU community to share in the joy of discovery.. ...
The Cognitive Systems Colloquium is an interdisciplinary series of presentations from leading researchers in the field who provide insights into their latest scientific developments. Its goal is to provide a general overview by sampling different perspectives from this new and quickly developing research field. The colloquium is open to all researchers and students interested in these topics. ...
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You are here: CS Home » Events » CS Colloquium. Computer Science Colloquium, Fall 2010 Thursdays at 4:15pm in B17 Upson (Unless otherwise indicated) ...
The 2017 MSE colloquium will be held at UNIST, every Thursday from September 7th to December 7th, 2017. The 2nd lecturer of MSE Colloquium is Dr. Keehoon
The 2017 MSE colloquium will be held at UNIST, every Thursday from September 7th to December 7th, 2017. The 1st lecturer of MSE Colloquium is Prof. Kyo-in
24.09.2018 ### Next IGM Colloquium ###. Tomorrow 25 September 2018, 12:15, MED 0 1418: Design, Fabrication, and Control of Biologically Inspired Soft Robots by Prof. Mike Tolley, UC San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.. The IGM colloquium features invited speakers giving introductory talks on varied current research topics in Mechanical Engineering and related disciplines.. ...
Researchers present new evidence that the deoxygenation of the ocean wiped out biodiversity during one of the Big Five mass extinctions in Earths history - relevant information as climate change contributes to decreasing oxygen in the oceans today.. In a new study, Stanford researchers have strongly bolstered the theory that a lack of oxygen in Earths oceans contributed to a devastating die-off approximately 444 million years ago. The new results further indicate that these anoxic (little- to no-oxygen) conditions lasted over 3 million years - significantly longer than similar biodiversity-crushing spells in our planets history.. Beyond deepening understandings of ancient mass extinction events, the findings have relevance for today: Global climate change is contributing to declining oxygen levels in the open ocean and coastal waters, a process that likely spells doom for a variety of species.. Our study has squeezed out a lot of the remaining uncertainty over the extent and intensity of ...
While we cover animal species extinctions a lot in ODP, but plants are also struggling to survive in a world thats rapidly being altered by climate change. According to a new study published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, 600 plant extinctions have taken place of the past two and a half centuries. As the Guardian explained, The number of plants that have disappeared from the wild is more than twice the number of extinct birds, mammals and amphibians combined. The new figure is also four times the number of extinct plants recorded in the International Union for Conservation of Natures red list.Surprise! Humans at Fault: Plant extinction today is occurring at a rate that is 500 times greater than before the Industrial Revolution-and the researchers warn that this number could be an understatement. Our activity such as clear-cutting forests for mining, logging and agriculture is the primary driver of this mass extinction. In fact, were killing so many plants that many of them may ...
This document serves as a teaching guide for the third of three seminars in a unit on biodiversity. This seminar focuses on invasive species in order to underscore the difficulties of managing and restoring ecosystems and the potential damage of intended or unintended manipulation. As explained in the corresponding lecture, biodiversity theory can explain the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss and provides recommendations for mediating the sixth global extinction event and thus ensuring the availability of ecosystem services, the health of the biosphere, and the quality of human life. The guide includes an overview, reading list, and step-by-step seminar plan, including suggested discussion questions, activities, and reference to assignments. Related seminar activities and assignment questions are provided in accompanying files.. ...
A global analysis published in Nature Ecology and Evolution collates all plant extinction records documented from across the world. The unique dataset shows how many plant species have gone extinct in the last 250 years.. Dr Bjorn Robroek, Lecturer in Ecology, University of Southampton, said:. This is an interesting piece of work. The science seems sound and thorough. The finding that extinction rates are highest in biodiversity hotspots that are at risk due to land-use change is alarming and echoes the message put forward by the recent IPBES report (https://www.ipbes.net) that current losses in suitable habitat should be high on the political agenda. Indeed, extinction rates are likely still underestimated and more effort needs to go in getting good estimates about extinction rates in underrepresented ecosystems (not only biodiverse systems as the authors state) and plant groups, including algae. That the authors found no clear pattern in evolutionary-closely-related plants regarding ...
2 March 2004 Almost 440 million years ago, some 85 percent of marine animal species were wiped out in the earths first known mass extinction. Roughly 367 million years ago, once again many species of fish and 70 percent of marine invertebrates perished in a major extinction event. Then about 245 million years ago, up to 95 percent of all animals nearly the entire animal kingdom were lost in what is thought to be the worst extinction in history. ... After each extinction, it took upwards of 10 million years for biological richness to recover. Yet once a species is gone, it is gone forever. The consensus among biologists is that we now are moving toward another mass extinction that could rival the past big five. This potential sixth great extinction is unique in that it is caused largely by the activities of a single species. It is the first mass extinction that humans will witness firsthand and not just as innocent bystanders. [More EPI at EcoVaria.com]. MACAL RIVER VALLEY FACES DAM ...
The fact that the extinction struck during a glacial period, when huge ice sheets covered much of whats now Africa and South America, makes it especially difficult to evaluate the role of climate. One of the biggest sources of uncertainty in studying the paleoclimate record is that its very hard to differentiate between changes in temperature and changes in the size of continental ice sheets, Finnegan says. Both factors could have played a role in causing the mass extinction: with more water frozen in ice sheets, the worlds sea levels would have been lower, reducing the availability of shallow water as a marine habitat. But differentiating between the two effects is a challenge because until now, the best method for measuring ancient temperatures has also been affected by the size of ice sheets ...
I saw an analogy (here, I think) that compared our dependency on oil to a Smokers use of tobacco. We know it will kill us, but we use it anyway. The crazy thing is, a Smoker cant SEE the damage thats being done. They cant SEE the cilia being torched from the lining of their lungs, they cant SEE the oily residue accumulating in their bronchus. The human race CAN see whats happening, but we dont respond. We have satellites that let us SEE the Ice Caps disappearing. Our dedicated Scientists can SEE that we are losing our biodiversity. Theyre already calling this a Mass Extinction Event, we are living during the Holocene Extinction ...