A preference for organization is associated with several disorders, but is widespread in the general population as well. It remains unclear whether organization and various degrees of disorganization elicit pleasant or unpleasant feelings (i.e., valence), calming or arousing feelings (i.e., arousal), and a frontal negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) related to cognitive control. This study tested how organization, slight disorganization, and total disorganization affect valence, arousal, and the frontal negativity. Participants passively viewed organized, slightly disorganized, totally disorganized, and control pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded. They also rated the valence and arousal elicited by each picture and completed questionnaires assessing desire for order and organization behavior. Organized pictures made participants feel most pleasant, control pictures made participants feel less pleasant, slightly disorganized pictures made participants feel even less

Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used for decades to study perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development. ERPs consist of multiple components and reflect a specific neurocognitive process.

Finally, we checked whether the same ERP component similar to N250 could be detected after the VPP components. Since previous studies have suggested that N170 and VPP components could be generated by the same neural modules, we checked whether we could find the same ERP component as N250 after VPP or not. We measured frontal activity during 250-350 ms after the stimulus onset, at FP1 and FP2 electrode sites where we measured VPP, and we called it post-VPP activity (see Methods section). Post-VPP activity, in contrast to N170, VPP, and N250 brain potentials, was not systematically affected by stimulus visibility and the only prominent difference was among ERP trials in which SOA = 500 ms, relative to the rest of the trials ( Figures 3b and 8). During both face detection and leaf detection tasks, application of a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (stimulus category (face vs. leaf vs. other objects) × SOA (10 vs. 20 vs. 30 vs. 500 ms)) yielded a significant effects of stimulus visibility ( F , ...

A commentary onCid-Fernandez, S., Lindin, M., & Diaz, F. (2014). Effects of aging and involuntary capture of attention on event-related potentials associated with the processing of and the response to a target stimulus. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 745.In a recent study, Cid-Fernandez, Lindin, and Diaz (2014) tested attentional performance in 3 age groups: young (21-29 years old), middle-aged (51-64 years old), and older adults (65-84 years old). The task used in this study involved presenting both visual and auditory cues to the participants, and they were required to pay attention to the visual cues while ignoring the auditory cues (for task details, see Escera, Alho, Winkler, & Naatanen, 1998). Cid-Fernandez et al. (2014) found that there was an increase in distractibility and changes in motor selection in the middle-aged and older groups, compared to the young group. These findings were revealed using electroencephalography analyses which related different cognitive and motor processes to

The present study examined the electrophysiological correlates of intentional forgetting using the item-method directed forgetting paradigm. Participants (N=23) studied a series of words each followed by either a remember cue (TBR) or a forget cue (TBF) and then undertook an old/new recognition memory test for which they were requested to endorse studied items regardless of original remember/forget status. Event-related potentials time locked to the cues were examined as a function of subsequent recognition-memory accuracy. Results showed that TBR and TBF cues elicited Dm or subsequent memory effects that differed in scalp distribution and polarity, suggesting activation of fundamentally different encoding operations for the respective sets of items. Additionally, analyses that examined the processes underlying successful implementations of intentions to forget (i.e., TBF-miss vs. TBR-miss) and intentions to remember (i.e., TBR-hit vs. TBF-hit) revealed that in case of unwanted information a ...

Only ERP data associated with correct responses were included in averages; therefore, 4688 pleasant trials were included (M = 57.21, SD = 3.70), as were 4710 neutral trials (M = 57.62, SD = 3.74) and 4661 unpleasant trials (M = 56.96, SD = 3.46). The EEG was segmented for each trial beginning 200 msec before the pretarget picture and continuing for 1200 msec (i.e., the entire duration of the pretarget picture presentation). In addition, ERP response to correctly identified targets was examined; here, the EEG was segmented 200 msec before the target onset and continuing for 1200 msec. The baseline for all ERPs was the 200 msec before picture onset. Traditional component-scoring techniques were used in an initial examination of the target-locked responses, as the target-locked P300 is a well-defined component (see, e.g., Polich, 2007, for a review). The P300 to targets was scored as the average activity at five sites (CP1, CP2, CPz, Cz, and Pz) between 300 and 600 msec after target onset. Nine ...

the impulse is applied in bursts with positive and negative waves. there are time pauses during impulse application. there are amplitude changes during impulse application. the chemical composition of sweat changes during the application. a combination with dry needling (affecting the change in skin resistance) ...

It was definitely a very negative wave of spiritual energy around me. I can tell when it happens now. I know that it was trying to make me do things wrong. I am not controlled by spirits at all. I cannot be controlled into doing things anymore. But the wave was still there and it…

Comorbidity in ADHD-children: effects of coexisting conduct disorder or tic disorder on event-related brain potentials in an auditory selective-attention ...

Compare cheapest textbook prices for The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components (Oxford Library of Psychology), - 9780199328048. Find the lowest prices on SlugBooks

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related brain potential associated with error processing. A recent theory holds that the ERN is elicited by the impact of a reward prediction error signal carried by the mesencephalic dopamine system on anterior cingulate cortex. The theory predicts that larger ERNs should be elicited by unexpected unfavorable outcomes than by expected unfavorable outcomes. We tested the theory in an experiment in which the frequency of occurrence of reward was varied by condition, reasoning that the system that produces the ERN would come to expect non-reward when rewards were infrequent. Consistent with the theory, we found that larger ERNs were elicited by unexpected absences of reward.

Links between attention and emotion were investigated by obtaining electrophysiological measures of attentional selectivity together with behavioral measures of affective evaluation. Participants were asked to rate faces that had just been presented as targets or distractors in a visual search task. Distractors were rated as less trustworthy than targets. To study the association between the efficiency of selective attention during visual search and subsequent emotional responses, the N2pc component was quantified as a function of evaluative judgments. Evaluation of distractor faces (but not target faces) covaried with selective attention. On trials where distractors were later judged negatively, the N2pc emerged earlier, demonstrating that attention was strongly biased toward target events, and distractors were effectively inhibited. When previous distractors were judged positively, the N2pc was delayed, indicating unfocused attention to the target and less distractor suppression. Variations in

In this study, we used a traditional auditory oddball paradigm, in which participants were required to press a button for the infrequent target stimulus while ignoring the frequent non-target standard stimulus while ignoring the frequent non-target standard stimulus, and focused on P3 component, which is a generic name for a variety of relatively late positive components with a centro-parietal or centro-frontal midline distribution [17, 18]. In addition, we will also investigate the N2, a frontal-central distributed negativity that reflects the stimulus evaluation response including action monitoring, the early target-selection and response preparation [19]. If there were gender effects on cognitive function in patients, it should be reflected by a modulation of the N2 and/or P3 components.. The present study found the P3 component was larger for female than for male participants, for both the patient and control groups. Compared with the control group, there was a decrease in the amplitude of ...

The review of research of event related potentials (ERPs) shows that the most common scientific observation is decrease of the P3b wave both in ADHD and…

Visual object identification is modulated by perceptual experience. In a cross-cultural ERP study we investigated whether cultural expertise determines how buildings that vary in their ranking between high and low according to the Western architectural decorum are perceived. Two groups of German and Chinese participants performed an object classification task in which high- and low-ranking Western buildings had to be discriminated from everyday life objects. ERP results indicate that an early stage of visual object identification (i.e., object model selection) is facilitated for high-ranking buildings for the German participants, only. At a later stage of object identification, in which object knowledge is complemented by information from semantic and episodic long-term memory, no ERP evidence for cultural differences was obtained. These results suggest that the identification of architectural ranking is modulated by culturally specific expertise with Western-style architecture already at an ...

We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the influence of manipulating facial expression on error monitoring in individuals. The participants were 11 undergraduate students who had been diagnosed with minor depression (MinD). We recorded error-related negativity (ERN) as the participants performed a modified flanker task in 3 conditions: Duchenne smile, standard smile, and no smile. Behavioral data results showed that, in both the Duchenne smile and standard smile conditions, error rates were significantly lower than in the no-smile condition. The ERP analysis results indicated that, compared to the no-smile condition, both Duchenne and standard smiling facial expressions decreased ERN amplitude, and ERN amplitudes were smallest for those in the Duchenne smile condition. Our findings suggested that even brief smile manipulation may improve long-term negative mood states of people with MinD ...

Two experiments examined phonological priming effects on reaction times, error rates, and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures in an auditory lexical decision task. In Experiment 1 related prime-target pairs rhymed, and in Experiment 2 they alliterated (i.e., shared the consonantal onset and vowel). Event-related potentials were recorded in a delayed response task. Reaction times and error rates were obtained both for the delayed and an immediate response task. The behavioral data of Experiment 1 provided evidence for phonological facilitation of word, but not of nonword decisions. The brain potentials were more negative to unrelated than to rhyming word-word pairs between 450 and 700 msec after target onset. This negative enhancement was not present for word-nonword pairs. Thus, the ERP results match the behavioral data. The behavioral data of Experiment 2 provided no evidence for phonological Facilitation. However, between 250 and 450 msec after target onset, i.e., considerably earlier ...

The objective of the present study was to delineate brain-electrical correlates of semantic and syntactic integration processes during language comprehension. Twenty-eight subjects were engaged in a lexical decision task. The target item (a legal word or a pseudo word) was always preceded by a prime consisting of a sentence fragment that provided a particular context. With respect to the prime a word target could be either a correct completion, a violation of a semantic selection restriction, or a violation of a syntactic subcategorization rule. An N400-like wave was elicited by both types of deviations. Syntactic anomalies evoked a negative shift predominantly over the anterior scalp with a preponderance over the left hemisphere, while semantic anomalies were accompanied by a much more widespread negativity with the maximum over posterior temporal areas. The amplitude of the semantic vie lation effect was found to be related to the strength of the priming constraints. The topographic difference ...

We used high-density event-related potentials (ERP) in a modified flanker paradigm to study the role of anticipated action consequences in action planning and the role of anticipation in the perception of action consequences. Prior to the experiment, participants were trained to classify target letters in a four-alternative forced-choice task; another letter was presented as an effect following each response. After participants had thus acquired the response-effect contingencies, in the experiment effect letters were presented as flankers to target letters. Effect-compatible flankers were letters that were learned as effects of the correct response to the target; effect-incompatible ones were learned as effects of other responses; neutral flankers were never presented as action effects. To help distinguish early and late effects of flankers on target processing, flankers were presented either simultaneously with the target or after a delay. We found that effect-incompatible flankers resulted in ...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during recognition tasks for spoken words alone (items) or for both words and the voice of the speaker (sources). Neither performance nor ERP measures suggested that voice information was retrieved automatically during the item-recognition task. In both …

Memory for the time of events may benefit from reconstructive, location-based, and distance-based processes, but these processes are difficult to dissociate with behavioral methods. Neuropsychological research has emphasized the contribution of prefrontal brain mechanisms to memory for time but has not clearly differentiated location- from distance-based processing. The present experiment recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) while subjects completed two different temporal memory tests, designed to emphasize either location- or distance-based processing. The subjects reports of locationbased versus distance-based strategies and the reaction time pattern validated our experimental manipulation. Late (800-1,800 msec) frontal ERP effects were related to location-based processing. The results provide support for a two-process theory of memory for time and suggest that frontal memory mechanisms are specifically related to reconstructive, location-based processing.

Electrophysiological correlates of common-onset visual masking. In common-onset visual masking (COVM) the target and the mask come into view simultaneously. Masking occurs when the mask remains on the screen for longer after deletion of the target. Enns and Di Lollo [Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (2000). Whats new in visual masking? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(9), 345-352] have argued that this type of masking can be explained by re-entrant visual processing. In the present studies we used high-density event-related brain potentials (HD-ERP) to obtain neural evidence for re-entrant processing in COVM. In two experiments the participants task was to indicate the presence or absence of a vertical bar situated at the lower part of a ring highlighted by the mask. The only difference between the experiments was the duration of the target: 13 and 40 ms for the first and second experiment respectively. Behavioral results were consistent between experiments: COVM was stronger as a joint function of ...

Motor learning can be monitored by observing the development of neural correlates of error processing. Among these neural correlates, the error- and feedback-related negativity (Ne/ERN and FRN) represent error processing mechanisms. While the Ne/ERN is more related to error prediction, the FRN is found after an error is manifested. The questions the current study strives to answer are: What information is needed by the system to make error predictions and how is this represented by the Ne/ERN and FRN in a complex motor task? We reduced the information and increased the difficulty level for the prediction in a semivirtual throwing task and found no Ne/ERN but a large FRN when the action result was finally observed (hitting or missing a target). We assume that uncertainty for error prediction was too high (either due to insufficient information or due to lacking prerequisites for prediction), such that error processing had to be mainly based on feedback. The finding is in line with the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Neural mechanisms of global and local processing. T2 - A combined PET and ERP study. AU - Heinze, H. J.. AU - Hinrichs, H.. AU - Scholz, M.. AU - Burchert, W.. AU - Mangun, George R. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - The neural mechanisms of hierarchical stimulus processing were investigated using a combined event-related potentials (ERPs) and positron emission tomography (PET) approach. Healthy subjects were tested under two conditions that involved selective or divided attention between local and global levels of hierarchical letter stimuli in order to determine whether and where hemispheric differences might exist in the processing of local versus global information. When attention was divided between global and local levels, the N2 component of the ERPs (260- to 360-msec latency) elicited by the target stimuli showed asymmetries in amplitude over the two hemispheres. The N2 to local targets was larger over the left hemisphere, but the N2 to global targets tended to be slightly ...

Li, P., Song, X., Wang, J., Zhou, X., Li, J., Lin, F., Hu, Z., Zhang, X., Cui, H., Wang, W., Li, H., Cong, F. and Roberson, D., (2015). Reduced sensitivity to neutral feedback versus negative feedback in subjects with mild depression: Evidence from event-related potentials study. Brain and Cognition. 100, 15-20 Gendron, M., Roberson, D. and Barrett, LF., (2015). Cultural Variation in Emotion Perception Is Real: A Response to Sauter, Eisner, Ekman, and Scott (2015). Psychological Science Hu, Z., Hanley, JR., Zhang, R., Liu, Q. and Roberson, D., (2014). A conflict-based model of color categorical perception: evidence from a priming study. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 21 (5), 1214-1223 Chen, Q., Roberson, D., Liang, X., Lei, Y. and Li, H., (2014). Accessing the asymmetrical representations of causal relations and hierarchical relations in semantic memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 26 (5), 559-570 Gendron, M., Roberson, D., van der Vyver, JM. and Barrett, LF., (2014). Cultural Relativity in ...

Studies of electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring, such as the error-related negativity (ERN), posterror positivity (Pe), and N2 components of the event-related potential (ERP),...

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Author: Hagoort, Peter; Genre: Talk; Title: Order out of chaos: An explicit account of ERP effects on the interface of lexicon, grammar and semantics

By themselves, there are no specific tests that can determine if a person has MS or is likely to have it in the future. Current diagnosis of definite MS involves both clinical (history and neurological exam) and paraclinical (MRI, Spinal Tap, Evoked potentials) evidence.. The diagnosis evolves from a discussion between the patient and the physician. A careful medical history is taken; symptoms and signs are assessed. Other ailments are ruled out. The diagnosis is highly dependent on the accuracy of the patients medical history and the physicians skill in eliciting and evaluating this information. The diagnosis is sometimes obvious and sometimes very difficult. Even in the hands of experts, the diagnosis is correct only 90 - 95 percent of the time.. The physician will ask about past surgeries, illnesses, allergies, any family neurological disorders including MS, geographic locations where you have lived, if adversely affected by heat, medications taken, history of substance abuse (alcohol, ...

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We carry out a systematic qualitative analysis of the two quadratic schemes of generalized oscillators recently proposed by Quesne [J. Math. Phys. 56, 012903 (2015)]. By performing a local analysis of the governing potentials, we demonstrate that while the first potential admits a pair of equilibrium points one of which is typically a center for both signs of the coupling strength λ, the other points to a centre for λ , 0 but a saddle λ , 0. On the other hand, the second potential reveals only a center for both the signs of λ from a linear stability analysis. We carry out our study by extending Quesnes scheme to include the effects of a linear dissipative term. An important outcome is that we run into a remarkable transition to chaos in the presence of a periodic force term fcosωt. ...

Natural learning happens energetically and experientially. The more we are energized by an experience, the more it is encapsulated in memory.

Women tend to respond to emotional stimuli differently from men. This study aimed at investigating whether neural responses to perceptually

企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP)系統是協助公司營運及管理上的主要應用系統，其作用為整合企業內各部門的溝通、資訊的透明化與快速交流，以及五大循環管理的基本控管，進而達到企業成長與獲利之目的。成功地導入ERP系統已經成為目前企業所重視的工作之一，然而ERP系統導入之成功與否，其外在因素包括系統功能適用性、協助導入的顧問公司輔導方式，內在因素則為管理高層支持度、員工學習成熟度與配合度…等，因此，藉由諸多因素的配合，對於企業能否成功導入ERP系統實有關鍵性的影響。現今跨國企業數量日益增多，在不同文化及語言的隔閡下，ERP系統更是能夠發揮即時性、跨語言、跨國別、機密性等各項功能，實為跨國企業管理上之必需，但是如何將同一套的ERP系統導入該企業的不同國家據點，並且對不同國籍員工進行教育訓練

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Simultaneous recording of event-related electroencephalographic (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses has the potential to provide information on how the human brain reacts to an external stimulus with unique spatial and temporal resolution. However, in most studies combining the two techniques, the acquisition of functional MR images has been interleaved with the recording of evoked potentials. In this study we investigated the feasibility of recording pain-related evoked potentials during continuous and simultaneous collection of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MR images at 3 T. Brain potentials were elicited by selective stimulation of cutaneous Adelta and C nociceptors using brief radiant laser pulses (laser-evoked potentials, LEPs). MR-induced artifacts on EEG data were removed using a novel algorithm. Latencies, amplitudes, and scalp distribution of LEPs recorded during fMRI were not significantly different from those recorded in a control session outside

This study examined the ability of reaction time (RT) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to detect malingered neurocognitive deficit (MNCD)in two new tasks compared to the TOMM (N = 47). Honest (HON), malingering (MAL), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) groups were compared on accuracy, RT and ERP measures. Overall, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) accuracy was the most effective at classifying groups (hit rate = 100%). Several non-TOMM accuracy variables and RT variables reached hit rates in the range of 71%-88%. The TOMM RT variable had an unlimited time for participants to respond and was the most successful RT variable compared to the Old/New and Repetition Priming tasks that had a short time limit for participants to respond (approximately 1.5 seconds). The classic old/new effect RT pattern was evident for both the HON and TBI groups with significantly faster RTs for old items compared to new items. A logistic regression was employed to see if a RT and/or ERP variable added any unique

TY - JOUR. T1 - Peripheral GABA(A) receptors. T2 - Evidence for peripheral primary afferent depolarization. AU - Carlton, S. M.. AU - Zhou, S.. AU - Coggeshall, R. E.. N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Brenda Kenworthy for her excellent secretarial assistance in the preparation of this manuscript, and Dr A. L. DeBlas for kindly providing a monoclonal antibody directed against the β 2 /β 3 subunits. This study was supported by NIH grants NS11255 (SMC and REC), NS27910 (SMC) and NS10161 (REC). PY - 1999/7. Y1 - 1999/7. N2 - We propose that the primary afferent depolarization that follows GABA(A) receptor activation in the spinal cord also occurs in the periphery. As evidence, the present study localizes β2/β3 and α1 subunits of the GABA(A) receptor on 10-14% of the unmyelinated primary afferents axons in the glabrous skin of the cat paw. Behavioral studies demonstrate that local peripheral injection of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol at a low concentration (2.0μM) ...

Auditory novelty detection has been associated with different cognitive processes. Bekinschtein et al. (2009) developed an experimental paradigm to dissociate these processes, using local and global novelty, which were associated, respectively, with automatic versus strategic perceptual processing. They have mostly been studied using event-related potentials (ERPs), but local spiking activity as indexed by gamma (60-120 Hz) power and interactions between brain regions as indexed by modulations in beta-band (13-25 Hz) power and functional connectivity have not been explored. We thus recorded 9 epileptic patients with intracranial electrodes to compare the precise dynamics of the responses to local and global novelty. Local novelty triggered an early response observed as an intracranial mismatch negativity (MMN) contemporary with a strong power increase in the gamma band and an increase in connectivity in the beta band. Importantly, all these responses were strictly confined to the temporal ...

This study examines the event- related brain potential of 25 Mexican monolingual Spanish-speakers when reading Spanish sentences with single entity anaphora or complex anaphora. Complex anaphora is an expression that refer to propositions, states, facts or events while, a single entity anaphora is an expression that refers back to a concrete object. Here we compare the cognitive cost in processing a single entity anaphora [éstafeminine; La renuncia ] from a complex anaphora [estoneuter; La renuncia fue aceptada ]. Ésta elicited a (...) larger positive peak at 200 ms, and esto elicited a larger frontal negativity around 400 ms. The positivity resembles the P200 component, and its amplitude is thought to represent an interaction between predictive qualities in sentence processing. Unlike parietal negativities, frontal negativities are thought to represent the ease by which pronouns are linked with its antecedent, and how easy the information is recovered from short-term memory. Thus, the complex ...

BACKGROUND:Individuals with schizophrenia have heterogeneous impairments of the auditory processing system that likely mediate differences in the cognitive gains induced by auditory training (AT). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component reflecting auditory echoic memory, and its amplitude reduction in schizophrenia has been linked to cognitive deficits. Therefore, MMN may predict response to AT and identify individuals with schizophrenia who have the most to gain from AT. Furthermore, to the extent that AT strengthens auditory deviance processing, MMN may also serve as a readout of the underlying changes in the auditory system induced by AT. METHODS:Fifty-six individuals early in the course of a schizophrenia-spectrum illness (ESZ) were randomly assigned to 40 h of AT or Computer Games (CG). Cognitive assessments and EEG recordings during a multi-deviant MMN paradigm were obtained before and after AT and CG. Changes in these measures were compared between the treatment ...

The current study investigated the neurophysiological underpinnings of emotional maintenance in schizophrenia (SCZ) and whether aberrant neural responses predicted deficits in affective decision making and real-world motivated behavior. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 27 SCZ outpatients and 23 healthy controls (CN) during an emotional maintenance task in which participants were presented an initial image for 3 seconds and then required to maintain a mental representation of the intensity that image over a delay period of varying lengths and determine whether the initial image was more or less intense than the second image. The Late Positive Potential (LPP) was used as a neurophysiological marker of emotional maintenance during the delay period. SCZ showed normal in-the-moment emotion experience to positive stimuli; however, SCZ rated negative and neutral pictures as more intense than CN. SCZ also displayed deficits in emotional maintenance accuracy. Furthermore, ERP data ...

Tinnitus related distress corresponds to different degrees of attention paid to the tinnitus. Shifting attention to a signal other than the tinnitus is therefore particularly difficult for patients wi

This study investigated neural processing interactions during Stroop interference by varying the temporal separation of relevant and irrelevant features of congruent, neutral, and incongruent colored-bar/color-word stimulus components. High-density event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance were measured as participants reported the bar color as quickly as possible, while ignoring the color words. The task-irrelevant color words could appear at 1 of 5 stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) relative to the task-relevant bar-color occurrence: -200 or -100 ms before, +100 or +200 ms after, or simultaneously. Incongruent relative to congruent presentations elicited slower reaction times and higher error rates (with neutral in between), and ERP difference waves containing both an early, negative-polarity, central-parietal deflection, and a later, more left-sided, positive-polarity component. These congruency-related differences interacted with SOA, showing the greatest behavioral and ...

Sarica Y.; Karacan I., 1988: Electrophysiological correlates of sensory innervation of the vesico urethral junction and urethra in man

Humans, and other animals, are able to easily learn the durations of events and the temporal relationships among them in spite of the absence of a dedicated sensory organ for time. This chapter summarizes the investigation of timing and time perception using scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EE …

The reliability of cue-based conscious expectation improves with increasing predictive value of the cue. Here we report that expectation strengthens delta-band phase-entrainment to and speeds up the detection of relevant stimulus events. Our results further reveal that target events expected with high confidence are likely to 1) coincide with the negative-going phase of the frontocentral delta oscillations, 2) elicit short-latency and high-amplitude delta-peak (P300) ERP responses, and 3) are quickly detected consciously. Therefore, we suggest that the entrainment of cortical delta oscillations to expected stimulus onsets plays an important role in mediating the effects of anticipation on target detection in humans. Our study extends the recent finding that low-frequency oscillations entrain to rhythmic stimuli in macaques (Lakatos et al., 2008) to humans. Moreover, our results go beyond the previous understanding about passive phase-entrainment, providing evidence that phase concentration-and ...

We tested 14-month-olds and adults in an event-related potentials (ERPs) study in which pictures of familiar objects generated expectations about upcoming word forms. Expected word forms labelled the picture (word condition), while unexpected word forms mismatched by either a small deviation in word medial vowel height (mispronunciation condition) or a large deviation from the onset of the first speech segment (pseudoword condition). Both infants and adults showed sensitivity to both types of unexpected word form. Adults showed a chain of discrete effects: positivity over the N 1 wave, negativity over the P 2 wave (PMN effect) and negativity over the N 2 wave (N400 effect). Infants showed a similar pattern, including a robust effect similar to the adult P 2 effect. These observations were underpinned by a novel visualisation method which shows the dynamics of the ERP within bands of the scalp over time. The results demonstrate shared processing mechanisms across development, as even subtle

Schankin, A.; Wascher, E.: What do we and our brain see when we do not expect a stimulus? Results from a lateralized event-related potential study (N2PC). 46th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), Vancouver, BS, Canada (2006 ...

The optimal performance of an action depends to a great extend on the ability of a person to prepare in advance the appropriate kinetic and kinematic parameters at a specific point in time in order to meet the demands of a given situation and to foresee its consequences to the surrounding environment. In the research presented in this thesis, I employed high-density electroencephalography in order to study the neural processes underlying preparation for action. A typical way for studying preparation for action in neuroscience is to divide it in temporal preparation (when to respond) and event preparation (what response to make). In Chapter 2, we identified electrophysiological signs of implicit temporal preparation in a task where such preparation was not essential for the performance of the task. Electrophysiological traces of implicit timing were found in lateral premotor, parietal as well as occipital cortices. In Chapter 3, explicit temporal preparation was assessed by comparing anticipatory ...

Boutsen, L., Kumar, S., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Automatic action activation in motor cortex is modulated by object affordances and hand grip: Evidence from event-related brain potentials ...

Examples of current source density (CSD) waveforms (A) and CSD maps (B). EEG data (SEPs) shown in Fig. 2 were subjected to CSD transformation. Isolatency dotte

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This is just a follow up on some threads that fat maybe a trigger to rosacea, in at least one forum member. Personally, I have never really heard this association, so am somewhat skeptical, though open to the possibility. The only potential evidence i know to this is that red meat has been linked to worsening rosacea, compared to fish or veggies. This however may not be due to the fat.... Clearly fat is important for our bodies to function normally, so it would not seem logical to totally

You may want to look into the LFP modelling work of Alain Destexhes lab: http://cns.iaf.cnrs-gif.fr/Main.html and Gaute Einevolls lab: http://compneuro.umb.no/ . They have both been producing some very interesting work on the origin and features of local field potentials. If you are using simplified point neuron models, it may be worth looking at Alberto Mazzonis recent papers on LFPs insimplified models: http://www.iit.it/en/component/profiles ... ile&id=385 ...

Figure 6. Spikes are embedded in unique synapsembles and spatially distributed LFP - The origin of extracellular fields and currents - EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes

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The basic story is that selective fact extraction from text is a knowledge-engineering-intensive process. You need to determine which facts to extract, and then determine how to extract those particular kinds of facts. So Attensity has a better idea; it will extract all facts, not just some, and dump them in a fact relationship network (FRN). The FRN is two relational tables, one for facts and one for relationships, suitable for copying to a Teradata machine. Attensity calls this exhaustive extraction.. To some extent, exhaustive extraction amounts to what in the math biz is called restating the problem.. ...

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I was excited to see that local field potentials were added! Unfortunately I was having trouble getting them to work, likely due to my own ignorance. I have the same code as in my previous post about plotRatePSD, where I create a network with the following populations ...

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