The last eukaryotic common ancestor already had an amazingly complex cell possessing genomic and cellular features such as spliceosomal introns, mitochondria, cilia-dependent motility, and a cytoskeleton together with several intracellular transport systems. In contrast to the microtubule-based dyneins and kinesins, the actin-filament associated myosins are considerably divergent in extant eukaryotes and a unifying picture of their evolution has not yet emerged. Here, we manually assembled and annotated 7852 myosins from 929 eukaryotes providing an unprecedented dense sequence and taxonomic sampling. For classification we complemented phylogenetic analyses with gene structure comparisons resulting in 79 distinct myosin classes. The intron pattern analysis and the taxonomic distribution of the classes suggest two myosins in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, a class-1 prototype and another myosin, which is most likely the ancestor of all other myosin classes. The sparse distribution of class-2 and

Chrysophycean stomatocyst assemblages were analysed from the sediments of 17 lakes and ponds from Svalbard as one component of a multi-proxy investigation of recent environmental change in the high Arctic. Sediment cores and water chemistry were collected from each of the study lakes, and chrysophyte stomatocysts were investigated from the top 0.25 cm of sediment (present-day) and bottom (i.e. bottom of short sediment core, pre-industrial) sediment samples. This study represents the first undertaking of chrysophyte cyst morphology and distribution on Svalbard. A total of 153 cyst morphotypes were described with light microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy, of which 21 are new forms. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that the present-day distribution of cysts is significantly related to pH (p = 0.02), altitude (p = 0.02), and Na+ (p = 0.04). Marked shifts in chrysophyte cyst assemblages were recorded between the top and bottom sediment samples of most lakes. Rose et al. (2004) ...

Breakdown of microtubules takes place at the tips of tubules at the distal ends of axopodia when axopodial shortening is induced with colchicine. When small flagellates are captured for ingestion, rapid contraction of axopodia (100 μm in under a second) occurs which apparently involves breakdown of axonemal microtubules. Elongation of a single axopodium after rapid contraction, when all other axopodia are of normal length, proceeds at the same rate as it does when all the axopodia are growing out after microtubule-breakdown induced by cold treatment. In both cases the rate of elongation decreases as axopodia increase in length. Axopodia elastically resist mild bending along their longitudinal axes. They yield nonelastically when more severe bending is applied; bends are formed at certain points along their longitudinal axes. These bends move out along axopodia to their tips.. ...

To Veljo Kisand , Does anybody have or know how I can get minicells which I like to stain , with some fluorescence marker and use for protozoa grazing experiments on , these bacterial mini cells? I have used E. Coli minicells for protozoa grazing expriments. At first,you had better get E. Coli x1488 strain. And, refer to the next paper when you separate minicells from E.coli cells. A.A.Christen, M.L.Pall, T.Manzara & P.Lurquin. Gene 23, 195-198 (1983). I tried to stain minicells with DTAF. About Staining method of DTAF,I refered to the next paper. B.F.Sherr, E.B.Sherr & R.D.Fallon. Appled and Environmental Microbiology 53, 958-965 (1987). Hope it will help. -- Tetsuji ISHIGAKI Address : ishigaki at ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of Tokyo , Ocean research Institute , Plankton Division TEL : 81-3-5351-6477 FAX : 81-3-5351-6480 ...

Earlier work by Inoué (1952) had shown that when cells are exposed to cold temperatures the mitotic spindle-later shown to be composed of microtubules-disappears. Working with the protozoan Actinosphaerium nucleofilum, which has needle-like extensions (axopodia) consisting of a well-defined system of microtubules, Tilney and Porter reasoned that if the microtubules are instrumental in the maintenance of these slender protoplasmic extensions, then low temperature, which, as previously stated, should cause the breakdown of the microtubules, ought secondarily to cause retraction of the axopodia.. Their results supported this hypothesis. Cold treatment of A. nucleofilum cells caused the microtubules to disassemble and the axopodia to withdraw; after returning the cells to room temperature for a few minutes, the microtubules started to reassemble and the axopodia reformed (Tilney and Porter, 1967). The authors concluded that microtubules are intimately involved not only with the maintenance of ...

Stentor. Light microscope footage of ciliate protozoan Stentor sp. foraging. Stentor species are filter-feeding freshwater protozoa which can reach lengths up to 2 millimetres, and are among the largest known unicellular organisms. A ring of prominent cilia surrounds the anterior part of the cell to sweep in food and aid in swimming. Some species live symbiotically with certain species of green algae. After being ingested, the algae live on and continue to photosynthesize, while their host absorbs nutrients they produce, and the algae receive protection and feed on the Stentors metabolic wastes. - Stock Video Clip K005/3564

Stentor. Light microscope footage of ciliate protozoan Stentor sp. foraging. Stentor species are filter-feeding freshwater protozoa which can reach lengths up to 2 millimetres, and are among the largest known unicellular organisms. A ring of prominent cilia surrounds the anterior part of the cell to sweep in food and aid in swimming. Some species live symbiotically with certain species of green algae. After being ingested, the algae live on and continue to photosynthesize, while their host absorbs nutrients they produce, and the algae receive protection and feed on the Stentors metabolic wastes. - Stock Video Clip K005/3562

Reason this person is a Gold Ribbon Hero: Danica Oney is a 26-year cancer survivor. At age 35 Danica was working full-time giving care, aid and comfort to memory care patients in a nursing home while living in Parker, Colorado, raising her 15-year-old son as a single mom.. At age nine, Danica was diagnosed with a Cerebellar Astrocytoma brain tumor. She underwent more than 20 surgeries, 18 months of chemotherapy and full radiation. At one point during her 2 1/2 years of treatment, her doctors gave her a 10% chance of survival. Her recovery was a miracle through a combination of modern medicine and much prayer. She has bravely adapted to a variety of health issues caused by the late term effects of childhood cancer treatment, always with a cheerful attitude, dignity and grace.. She recently ended up in the emergency room with symptoms of extreme vertigo, loud ringing in her ears, and some confusion which prompted an MRI. It was discovered that she has developed a Meningioma brain tumor that is in ...

Risks for Blue-green algae toxicity, Blue-green algae toxicity treatments, recommended products for Blue-green algae toxicity, ways to prevent Blue-green algae toxicity, causes of Blue-green algae toxicity

The traditional bacterial rooting of the three superkingdoms in sequence-based gene trees is inconsistent with new phylogenetic reconstructions based on genome content of compact protein domains. We find that protein domains at the level of the SCOP superfamily (SF) from sequenced genomes implement …

Genomic comparative studies on entirely sequenced genomes from the three domains of life, i.e. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota [1], evidenced that proteins involved in the organization or processing of genetic information (structures of ribosome and chromatin, translation, transcription, replication and DNA repair) display a closer relationship between Archaea and Eukaryota than between Bacteria and Eukaryota [2-4]. To identify new proteins involved in such important cellular mechanisms, an exhaustive inventory of proteins of unknown function common to only Eukaryota and Archaea but not in Bacteria has been devised [5-7]. Among such proteins, the Cluster of Orthologous Group COG2042 comprises proteins ubiquitously present in Eukaryota and present in many, but not all, Archaea; a hallmark of their ancient origin. The corresponding ancestral protein should have been present in the common ancestor of these two domains of life. Some partial experimental data are known from the Saccharomyces ...

Protists are single-celled eukaryotes (which are organisms with a nucleus). The term Protista was first used by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. The protists are not a natural group, or clade, since they have no common origin. Like algae or invertebrates, they are often grouped together for convenience. The term protist includes microorganisms from several distantly related phyla. Some are autotrophic (which means they make their own food by photosynthesis), and others are heterotrophic (which means they eat organic material). Most protists are very small. They are made up of one or a few cells at most - they are microscopic and usually invisible to the naked eye. Some algae are protists, if they are single-celled. Many protists are part of the plankton and are very important for the ecosystem. The cells found in protists may be extremely complex, and are often little understood. It is now possible to do DNA sequencing, and a number of protists have been analysed. The results show that the Protista is ...

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa je sladkovodní řasa s vysokým obsahem bílkovin, vitaminu A, C, B2, vápníku, hořčíku, železa a chlorofylu, je rovněž zdrojem vitamínů B6 a B1.

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope. Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya; their name comes from the Greek εὖ (eu, well or good) and κάρυον (karyon, nut or kernel). en.wikipedia.org ...

Treatment can involve drugs known to kill or retard the reproduction of the responsible protozoa S. neurona. None of the drugs kill 100% of the protozoa. But the drugs reduce the protozoa population to a level where the horses immune system kills the rest. It is important to help the equine rebuild its immune system while treatment is ongoing. Relapses are frequent without strong immune system support. Reduction of stress and a healthy diet are also important. Significant help is also needed through supplementation in supporting the immune system in order to combat this disease.. Treatments can be expensive. Although complications are rare, treatments may affect stallion fertility and may pose certain health risks to unborn foals. While treatment success rates are high, not all equines respond positively to therapy and approximately 10-20% of horses may experience a relapse. Equines that have recovered may still suffer from some permanent damage. ...

Cauti Leucoplast ? leucoplast panza, zinc oxid, uz medical, contribuie la fixarea pansamentelor, drene, catetere la cele mai bune preturi pe Samdistribution in catalogul de produse din categoria: Leucoplast, consumabile medicale, Parafarmaceutice

Comanda Leucoplast, leucoplast pe suport de hartie, hipoalergenic la cel mai mic pret oferit de Samdistribution din catalogul de produse din categoria: Plasturi, Leucoplast, Consumabile medicale, Parafarmaceutice

Natura - nature Mundus - physical world;material world Naturalia Biota 3.2 Domain Eukaryota - eukaryotes H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:P.M. Kirk et al., 2001:403; Count:[p]5k;74p;246c;1118o;8389f;72,585g;142,091s;12,825ss;1558v; 3o;15f;112g;439s;70ss; 5p;54c;370o;2079f;8365g;3728s;155ss 1 Kingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818) R. Owen, 1858 - protozoa H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:P.M. Kirk et al., 2001:651; Count:[p]13p;67c;189o;734f;3662g;4751s;69ss;48v; 4o;5f;158g;204s;6ss 2.1.1 Kingdom Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:P.M. Kirk et al., 2001:403; Count:[p]37p;88c;514o;5956f;53,045g;120,745s;12,303ss;96v; 3o;15f;110g;435s;70ss; 5p;48c;333o;1995f;7974g;3369s;129ss 2.1.2 Kingdom Fungi T.L. Jahn & F.F. Jahn, 1949 ex R.T. Moore, 1980 - fungi H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:P.M. Kirk et al., 2001:403; Count:[!]7p;38c;133o;563f;4603g;1737s;8ss;22v; 1g;1s 2.2.1 Kingdom Plantae Haeckel, 1866 - plants H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:P.M. Kirk et al., 2001:403; Count:[p]8p;31c;166o;866f;10,148g;11,338s;436ss;819v; 2g;4s; 6c;28o;64f;96g;94s ...

I am interested in the symbiotic relationships that exist between diverse eukaryotic microorganisms (aka protists), between protists and animals, and between protists and prokaryotes up to the derivation of cell organelles. By combining lab techniques with phylogenomics (eToL project), I study the origin and specificity of these relationships up to cospeciation events. I further use comparative genomics to investigate the molecular prerequisites for these associations and study underexamined species to discover new biological processes and their ecological implications. ...

Wikipedia does not yet have an article about Eukaryota. You can help by creating it. The page that you are currently viewing contains information about Eukaryotas taxonomy. ...

Koch, M.A. et al. 2019. Cochlearia danica in BrassiBase Tools and biological resources to study characters and traits in the Brassicaceae. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 May 30 ...

PEP is a large-scale interdisciplinary, and collaborative research project, involving six Canadian universities in five provinces. It is financed by Genome-Canada and managed by Genome-Atlantic and Génome Québec. PEP aims at the exploration of the diversity of eukaryotic genomes in a systematic, comprehensive and integrated way. The focus is on unicellular microbial eukaryotes, known as protists. Protistan eukaryotes comprise more than a dozen major lineages that, together, encompass more evolutionary, ecological and probably biochemical diversity than the multicellular kingdoms of animals, plants and fungi combined. PEP is a unique endeavor in that it is the first phylogenetically-broad genomic investigation of protists. More details about the objectives of PEP, the complete listing of taxa studied, the PEP database, the analysis workbench AnaBench, and PEP bioinformatics tools are available ...

OCKLEFORD, C D (1975) Redundancy of washing in the preparation of biological specimens for transmission electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, 105 (2). pp. 193-203. ISSN 0022-2720. OCKLEFORD, C D (1975) ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT MICROBEAM IRRADIATION OF MICROTUBULES IN SINGLE HELIOZOAN AXOPODIA. Experimental Cell Research, 93 (1). pp. 127-135. ISSN 0014-4827. ...

WHAT CAUSES DISEASES? Certain bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are responsible for many diseases that affect humans. Below is a brief description of one disease-causing agent from each of the three groups and the name of a disease each agent causes. Using the characteristics given, draw the disease-causing agent in the space provided.. ...

An infectious disease is an illness caused by a microbe - an organism too small to be seen with the naked eye. Bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa are all disease-causing microbes. A colleague coughs and doesnt cover his mouth; a student gets creative when there are no tissues to wipe her runny nose; friends share a water… Read more ». ...

Arikawa, M., Saito, A., Omura, G., Khan, S. M. M. K., Suetomo, Y., Kakuta, S., Suzaki, T. 2006 Ca2+-dependent in vivo contractility of a precipitate isolated from an extract of the heliozoan Actinophrys sol. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 63, 57-65 ...

Arikawa, M., Saito, A., Omura, G., Khan, S. M. M. K., Suetomo, Y., Kakuta, S., Suzaki, T. 2006 Ca2+-dependent in vivo contractility of a precipitate isolated from an extract of the heliozoan Actinophrys sol. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 63, 57-65 ...

This applicable star in the month of December is a large multinucleate heliozoan, Actinosphaerium eichhornii. It resembles a piece of soap suds, is about 500 µm in diameter, but can reach a size of three mm. Inside the body you can see a captured rotifer and some algae ...

ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် en:Eukaryote အကြောင်း ဆောင်းပါးမရှိသေးပါ။ ဖန်တီးရေးသားခြင်းဖြင့် ကူညီပေးနိုင်ပါသည်။ သင်လက်ရှိ ကြည့်ရှုနေသော စာမျက်နှာတွင် en:Eukaryote ၏ သိပ္ပံနည်းကျ အမျိုးအစားခွဲခြင်း အချက်အလက်များ ပါဝင်ပါသည်။ Not sure why youre here? Get started with Wikipedia taxonomy. ...

Describe representative protist organisms from each of the six presently recognized supergroups of eukaryotes Identify the evolutionary relationships of plants, animals, and fungi

À la suite du développement de la cladistique et des phylogénies moléculaires, la classification des organismes autres que bactériens (ou procaryotes) a été entièrement revue[33],[34],[3]. La distinction fondée sur des ressemblances acquises indépendamment au cours de lhistoire évolutive, par divers organismes que sont les végétaux, les algues, les champignons, les animaux et les protozoaires, aurait surtout une valeur descriptive mais naurait pas de sens pour la classification phylogénétique[5],[6],[7]. Le regroupement de tout ce qui nest ni plante verte, ni champignon, ni animal au sein des Protistes naurait plus lieu dêtre[35]. De très nombreux phyla, parfois monospécifiques, ont été reconnus comme monophylétiques[36],[37],[26],[38],[17],[19]. Leur regroupement est moins consensuel : position de la racine[39],[40],[41],[42],[43],[44],[45],[25],[46],[47], place des organismes sans mitochondries[48],[49],[50],[51],[52],[53],[54], nombre dendosymbioses de ...

Protein translocation is the process by which peptides are transported across a membrane bilayer. Translocation of proteins across the membrane of the...

Metazoan animals are multicellular, mitochondrial eukaryotes. Today Metazoa encompasses all animals with differentiated tissues, including nerves and muscles. They evolved from the protists approximately 700 million years ago. There are two prominent theories dealing with how the metazoans came to be, although one, the syncytial theory, has been somewhat discredited. The other, the colonial theory proposed by Ernst Haeckel in 1874 states basically that multicellular organisms have a colonial ancestor. This is in keeping with the idea that the choanoflagellates, a group of colonial protists, created the colonies from which multicelled organisms first evolved. This evolution occured sometime during the Precambrian period; the oldest known animal fossils were discovered in Precambrian rocks in 1946. ...

That slimy film that is coating everything in your tank? Thats blue-green algae and its dangerous. Learn how to get rid of it for good!

Buy The Flagellates (9780367398507) (9780748409143): Unity, Diversity and Evolution: NHBS - Barry SC Leadbeater, John C Green, CRC Press

Protists are single-celled eukaryotes (which are organisms with a nucleus).The term Protista was. Protisten sind zu den Eukaryoten gehörende, ein- bis mehrzellige Lebewesen, die in

Natura - nature Mundus - physical world;material world Naturalia Biota Domain Eukaryota - eukaryotes Kingdom Plantae - plants Subkingdom Viridaeplantae - green plants Phylum Bryophyta - mosses 0.1.0 [Class Anthocerotae] SF: Class Anthocerotopsida H,N,P,R,B,L; Ref:L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982:252 ...

by Merry Youle | Many heterotrophic single-celled eukaryotes are content to let the algae handle photosynthesis and then eat them. Others have opted for the convenience of having the algae residing in-house, living as endosymbionts within their cytoplasm.

Nano-sized, single-celled algae are among Earths earliest life forms. They have been surviving in many of Earths harshest environments for 3.7 billion years. Algaes simplicity enables these plants to…. ...

Some Aspects of the Comparative Study of Semi-empirical Combustion Models on FLUENT and OpenFOAM Codes, High-Performance Computing Infrastructure for South East Europes Research Communities Results of the HP-SEE User Forum 2012, Editors: Mihnea Dulea, Aneta Karaivanova, Anastasis Oulas, Ioannis Liabotis, Danica Stojiljkovic, Ognjen ...

The characteristics of animal-like protists, or protozoans, include the need to obtain food from their environment since they cannot make it themselves, and an ability to move around in their...

Protists are a diverse group of organisms, and they reproduce in a number of different ways, including asexual binary fission, multiple fission, fragmentation and several forms of sexual...

Čeprav so glive tradicionalno vključene v botanične učne načrte in učbenike, danes mislijo, da so glive bolj tesno povezane z živalmi kot z rastlinami in so uvrščene skupaj z živalmi v monofiletsko skupina Opisthokonta.[3] Analize s pomočjo molekularne filogenetike podpirajo monofiletski izvor gliv.[2] Taksonomija gliv se neprestano razvija, zlasti zaradi nedavnih raziskav, ki temeljijo na DNK primerjavah. Te današnje filogenetske analize pogosto ovržejo klasifikacije, ki temeljijo na starejših in včasih manj diskriminativnih metodah, ki temeljijo na morfoloških značilnosti.[4]. Ne obstaja splošno sprejet sistem na višjih taksonomskih nivojih in pogosto prihaja do spreminjanja imen na vseh nivojih, od vrste navzgor. Prizadevanja med raziskovalci sedaj potekajo za vzpostavitev in spodbujanje enotne uporabe in bolj dosledno nomenklaturo.[2][5] Posamezne vrste gliv imajo lahko tudi več znanstvenih imen, odvisno od njihovega življenjskega cikla in načina (spolnega ali ...

Define Silicoflagellata: a group of marine flagellates formerly classified among the radiolarians but now usually constituting a family of the order …

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa is distinguished from Chlorella Vulgaris by its thicker cell wall. The components of this cell wall may facilitate a slightly more powerful detoxification effect, and promote slightly higher nutritional value than Chlorella Vulgaris. However, the thickness of this cell wall also makes Pyrenoidosa slightly more difficult to digest.. High in vitamins, minerals, amino acids and protein. Natural detoxifier for immune support.* Natural digestive enzymes aiding to support fresh breath and relief from occasional constipation. Contains magnesium to support a healthy cardiovascular system.*. ...

BackgroundThe Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) facilitates molecular trafficking between nucleus and cytoplasm and is an integral feature of the eukaryote cell. It exhibits eight-fold rotational symmetry and is comprised of approximately 30 nucleoporins (Nups) in different stoichiometries. Nups are broadly conserved between yeast, vertebrates and plants, but few have been identified among other major eukaryotic groups.. Methodology/Principal FindingsWe screened for Nups across 60 eukaryote genomes and report that 19 Nups (spanning all major protein subcomplexes) are found in all eukaryote supergroups represented in our study (Opisthokonts, Amoebozoa, Viridiplantae, Chromalveolates and Excavates). Based on parsimony, between 23 and 26 of 31 Nups can be placed in LECA. Notably, they include central components of the anchoring system (Ndc1 and Gp210) indicating that the anchoring system did not evolve by convergence, as has previously been suggested. These results significantly extend earlier results ...

The protozoan oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus causes extensive mortality in eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations during summer and fall across much of the oysters distribution. Despite more than 40 yr of ...

In the drinking water samples taken at 5 tap locations in the same drinking water distribution network (Fig. S1,† TP1-TP5), different eukaryotic communities were identified within each of the tap water samples. These differences may reflect the existence of a variety of microhabitats defined by complex environmental conditions existing in the distribution network (reservoir, pipes and premise plumbing) that affect the eukaryotic community composition and structure. Both the number of shared eukaryotic groups and their relative abundance varied between the PW (drinking water feeding the network) and each of the tap water samples in the network (except Gastrotrich detected only in TP4). In addition, the taxonomic diversity of the fungal community in the network was higher than observed in the PW (Fig. S4†). Results showed that the core community shared between the PW and the all combined tap water samples was composed of 84 OTUs (28.1%). The core community between the PW and each of the tap ...

Perkinsus atlanticus cultures were established either with trophozoites isolated from fresh gills, with hypnospores isolated from tissues incubated in fluid thioglycollate medium, or directly from infected hemocytes of carpet shell clams Tapes decussatus from Algarve (Southern Portugal), using a culture medium and conditions optimized for Perkinsus marinus. Perkinsus atlanticus isolates were cloned by limiting dilution, and their identity unequivocally established by PCR-based species-specific diagnostic assays, and by sequencing the complete rRNA gene cluster. The rRNA gene cluster is 7.5-kb in length including 5S, IGS, SSU, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, LSU, and an inter-cluster spacer. rDNA sequences of the P. atlanticus clone were between 98.3-100% identical to P. atlanticus sequences previously obtained from clam tissue (non-clonal) isolates. Based on the IGS sequences available from Perkinsus species, a set of primers was designed to amplify P. atlanticus and the two clonally cultured Perkinsus ...

Save 39% Solaray - Red Marine Algae 375 mg 100 Capsules Red Marine Algae 375 mg Rhodymenia palmata 375 mg Per Capsule Green Screened From the Wild Red Marine Algae, or Dulse, has been used by people as a food staple for thousands of years. Often referred to as a sea vegetable, research has suggested that the sulfated polysaccharides in Red Marine Algae may provide nutritional support for immune health. Vegetarian Capsules.

Save 39% Solaray - Red Marine Algae 375 mg 100 Capsules Red Marine Algae 375 mg Rhodymenia palmata 375 mg Per Capsule Green Screened From the Wild Red Marine Algae, or Dulse, has been used by people as a food staple for thousands of years. Often referred to as a sea vegetable, research has suggested that the sulfated polysaccharides in Red Marine Algae may provide nutritional support for immune health. Vegetarian Capsules.

Do Trimastix pyriformis and other amitochondriates gain any advantages by replacing the canonical eukaryotic versions of the glycolytic enzymes or is it just a random process [53]? The use of pyrophosphate-linked instead of ATP-dependent enzymes can increase the overall efficiency of glycolysis, which is especially important if ATP production is solely carried out by glycolysis [54-56]. Pyrophosphate (PPi) is created during biosynthetic polymerization reactions and, in most organisms is hydrolyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatase in order to thermodynamically favor the anabolic reactions. Organisms like Giardia lamblia, which presumably lack inorganic pyrophosphatase, can use pyrophosphate instead of ATP as the phosphor-donor in some reactions [54, 55]. In Trimastix we found in addition to an ATP-dependent PK, the pyrophosphate-linked PPDK as a second enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate (PPDK can also work in the other direction towards gluconeogenesis). For ...

Culture of a non-native species, such as the Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis), could offset the harvest of the declining native eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Chesapeake Bay. Because of possible ...

Whirling disease is an infectious disease, caused by the myxosporean parasite Myxobolus cerebralis. It is primarily a salmonid (salmon and trout) disease and is characterized by erratic circular swimming movements (hence the common name for this disease). The parasite primarily infects the cartilaginous- and boney tissues of the head, vertebral column, and fins. The characteristic whirling swimming pattern is due to constriction of the spinal cord, brain, and brainstem. Vertebral malformation is also associated with constriction of the spinal nerves that normally regulate skin pigmentation and infected fish also often exhibit skin darkening of the tail and tail fin. To complete its lifecycle it requires a freshwater oligochaete worm (Tubifex tubifex) as intermediate host. This worm is widely distributed within fresh water bodies throughout the world.. Host response to M. cerebralis infection varies greatly among the different genera and species with some considered extremely sensitive (e.g. ...

Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Genetic recombination between non-sister homologous chromosomes is needed in most organisms for successful completion of the first meiotic division. Proteins that function during meiotic recombination have been studied extensively in model organisms. However, less is known about the evolution of these proteins, especially among protists. We searched the genomes of diverse eukaryotes, representing all currently recognized supergroups, for 26 genes encoding proteins important for different stages of interhomolog recombination. We also performed phylogenetic analyses to determine the evolutionary relationships of gene homologs. At least 23 of the genes tested (nine that are known to function only during meiosis in model organisms) are likely to have been present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). These genes encode products that function during: (i) synaptonemal complex formation; (ii) interhomolog DNA strand exchange; (iii) ...

Chlorella is an amazing food with lots of vitamins, minerals, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), and amino acids, including all of the essential ones. It is a

Recent molecular and cellular evidence indicates that eukaryotes comprise three major lineages: the probably ancestrally uniciliate protozoan phylum Amoebozoa; the ancestrally posteriorly uniciliate opisthokont clade (animals, Choanozoa, and fungi); and a very diverse ancestrally biciliate clade, the bikonts-plants, chromalveolates, and excavate and rhizarian Protozoa. As Heliozoa are the only eukaryote phylum not yet placed on molecular sequence trees, we have sequenced the 18S rRNA genes of three centrohelid heliozoa, Raphidiophrys ambigua, Heterophrys marina, and Chlamydaster sterni, to investigate their phylogenetic position. Phylogenetic analysis by distance and maximum likelihood methods allowing for intersite rate variation and invariable sites confirms that centrohelid heliozoa are a robust clade that does not fall within any other phyla. In particular, they are decisively very distant from the heterokont pedinellid chromists, at one time thought to be related to heliozoa, and lack the ...

Choanoflagellates, one-celled planktonic marine organisms, are aquatic microbes distinguished by a flagellum (green) used for swimming and feeding and surrounded by a collar of tentacles (red) against which bacterial prey are trapped. The nucleus of the one-celled organism is highlighted in blue. The newly sequenced genome of |em|Monosiga brevicollis|/em|, a type of choanoflagellates, is already telling scientists about the evolutionary changes that accompanied the jump from one-celled life forms to multicellular animals like us.

ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) is the official repository for publications and presentations of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)

Cilia (flagella) are important eukaryotic organelles, present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor, and are involved in cell motility and integration of extracellular signals. Ciliary dysfunction causes a class of genetic diseases, known as ciliopathies, however current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is still limited and a better characterization of genes is needed. As cilia have been lost independently several times during evolution and they are subject to important functional variation between species, ciliary genes can be investigated through comparative genomics. We performed phylogenetic profiling by predicting orthologs of human protein-coding genes in 100 eukaryotic species. The analysis integrated three independent methods to predict a consensus set of 274 ciliary genes, including 87 new promising candidates. A fine-grained analysis of the phylogenetic profiles allowed a partitioning of ciliary genes into modules with distinct evolutionary histories and ciliary functions ...

The aim of the present study is to determine presence of Plasmid-R in isolated bacteria of C. virginica, during its process of collection, distribution, commercialization, and consumption in Alvarado, Veracruz lagoon.

There arose one of the most important ecological transitions in Earths history approximately 750 million years ago during the middle Neoproterozoic Era (1000 to 541 million years ago, Ma). Biomarker evidence suggests that around this time there was a rapid shift from a predominantly bacterial-dominated world to more complex ecosystems governed by eukaryotic primary productivity. The resulting Rise of the algae led to dramatically altered food webs that were much more efficient in terms of nutrient and energy transfer. Yet, what triggered this ecological shift? In this study we examined the theory that it was the alleviation of phosphorus (P) deficiency that gave eukaryotic alga the prime opportunity to flourish. We performed laboratory experiments on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina and the eukaryotic algae Tetraselmis suecica and examined their ability to compete for phosphorus. Both these organisms co-occur in modern European coastal waters and are not known to have any allelopathic

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Marine algae can serve as sources of bioactive compounds and currently have been shown their potential biological and pharmaceutical applications. Marine algae

Symposium: Genome Evolution in Microbial Eukaryotes June 2nd, Smithfield Rhode Island To elucidate principles of eukaryotic genome evolution, we must increase studies of microbial eukaryotes. The bulk of eukaryotic diversity is microbial yet our current knowledge of eukaryotic genome evolution comes largely from studies of plants, animals and fungi. Our intention in this one-day symposium is to highlight recent achievements in understanding the diversity of eukaryotic genomes, and to expose relevant researchers to advances in techniques for both data acquisition and data analysis. Speakers and titles appear below. Travel funds are available for undergraduates, graduate students and postdocs. These funds will offset costs of those currently working on molecular evolution/genomics of microbial eukaryotes, and those switching into the field. Students and postdocs are encouraged to bring a poster of their work. For more information, visit: ...

Burkill, Peter (2004): Biomass and abundance of microzooplankton and nanoflagellates at bottle station A6/1. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.135385

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Prototheca richardsi is a protist of uncertain taxonomy which mediates growth inhibition in anuran larvae. Cells of P. richardsi were isolated from tadpole faeces and DNA was purified by Qiagen chromatography. Nuclear small-subunit (18S) rDNA (ssu-rDNA) was amplified by PCR using universal primers, cloned, and six clones (two from each of three separate isolates) were sequenced. All clones yielded an essentially identical sequence of 1802 nucleotides. In situ hybridization of fluorescent Prototheca-specific oligonucleotide probes, designed using the derived 18S rDNA sequence, confirmed that the sequence was indeed from P. richardsi cells and not from other components of tadpole faeces. The P. richardsi sequence was aligned with ssu-rDNA from a range of other eukaryotes, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out using several inference methods. P. richardsi consistently and stably grouped within a novel clade that contains rDNAs from an apparently heterodisperse group of parasitic micro-organisms

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A choanoflagellate is a single-celled organism that is generally believed to be the most closely related to multi-celled animals, and many would classif...

Bernard, C., Simpson, A. G. B. & Patterson, D. J. (2000) Some free-living flagellates (Protista) from anoxic habitats. Ophelia 52: 113-142.. Cavalier-Smith, T. (2003) The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 1741-1758.. Edgcomb, V. P., Roger, A. J., Simpson, A. G. B., Kysela, D. & Sogin, M. L. (2001) Evolutionary relationships among jakobid flagellates as indicated by alpha- and beta-tubulin phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18: 514-522.. Flavin, M. & Nerad, T. A. (1993) Reclinomonas americana n. g., n. sp., a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40: 172-179.. Gray, M. W., Lang, B. F. & Burger, G. (2004) Mitochondria of protists. Annu. Rev. Genet. 38: 477-525.. Lang, B. F., Burger, G., O Kelly, C. J., Cedergren, R., Golding, G. B., Lemieux, C., Sankoff, D., Turmel, M. & Gray, ...

Bernard, C., Simpson, A. G. B. & Patterson, D. J. (2000) Some free-living flagellates (Protista) from anoxic habitats. Ophelia 52: 113-142.. Cavalier-Smith, T. (2003) The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 1741-1758.. Edgcomb, V. P., Roger, A. J., Simpson, A. G. B., Kysela, D. & Sogin, M. L. (2001) Evolutionary relationships among jakobid flagellates as indicated by alpha- and beta-tubulin phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18: 514-522.. Flavin, M. & Nerad, T. A. (1993) Reclinomonas americana n. g., n. sp., a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40: 172-179.. Gray, M. W., Lang, B. F. & Burger, G. (2004) Mitochondria of protists. Annu. Rev. Genet. 38: 477-525.. Lang, B. F., Burger, G., O Kelly, C. J., Cedergren, R., Golding, G. B., Lemieux, C., Sankoff, D., Turmel, M. & Gray, ...

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Lineage: cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; saccharomyceta; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Zygosaccharomyces; Zygosaccharomyces ...

Lineage: cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; saccharomyceta; Pezizomycotina; leotiomyceta; sordariomyceta; Leotiomycetes; Helotiales; Sclerotiniaceae; Botrytis; Botrytis ...

A resource on protein phosphatases, a key class of regulatory proteins. Includes genomic and evolutionary analyses (phosphatomes), classification, disease associationa and an extensive database of protein phosphatase genes.

A resource on protein phosphatases, a key class of regulatory proteins. Includes genomic and evolutionary analyses (phosphatomes), classification, disease associationa and an extensive database of protein phosphatase genes.

Other articles where Opisthokonta is discussed: protozoan: Annotated classification: Opisthokonta Possess a posterior flagellum at some stage in the life cycle; otherwise the posterior flagellum has been secondarily lost. Usually have flattened mitochondrial cristae. The monophyletic fungi and metazoa are classified in this group. Mesomycetozoa At least 1 life stage consisting of round cells,…

Roy Bartal, Bingyan Shi, William P. Cochlan & Edward J. Carpenter, A model system elucidating calcification functions in the prymnesiophyte Emiliania huxleyi reveals dependence of nitrate acquisition on coccoliths, Limnol. Oceanogr. 60, 2015, 149-158 doi: 10.1002/lno.10015 link p.153 table 4 ...

The establishment of forward genetics in S. rosetta reveals the first gene known to be required for choanoflagellate multicellular development.

Most sexually transmitted diseases are caused by viruses or bacteria. STDs caused by viruses include herpes and genital warts, and the viruses that cause them arent even technically living organisms - they are pieces of genetic information that are able to infect a host cell. STDs caused by bacteria include gonorrhea and syphilis; bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms with relatively simple cell structures.. But some STDs are caused by other types of living organisms. Protozoan organisms are microscopic and unicellular, like bacteria; unlike bacteria, their cell structures more closely resemble that of the so-called higher life forms such as animals and plants. While protozoa are considered to be animal-like, they are not animals at all - they are single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually. When certain types of protozoans get into your body, they can cause infections - such as trichomoniasis, the most common curable STD among young females (as well as more females over 40 ...

Most sexually transmitted diseases are caused by viruses or bacteria. STDs caused by viruses include herpes and genital warts, and the viruses that cause them arent even technically living organisms - they are pieces of genetic information that are able to infect a host cell. STDs caused by bacteria include gonorrhea and syphilis; bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms with relatively simple cell structures.. But some STDs are caused by other types of living organisms. Protozoan organisms are microscopic and unicellular, like bacteria; unlike bacteria, their cell structures more closely resemble that of the so-called higher life forms such as animals and plants. While protozoa are considered to be animal-like, they are not animals at all - they are single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually. When certain types of protozoans get into your body, they can cause infections - such as trichomoniasis, the most common curable STD among young females (as well as more females over 40 ...

The choanoflagellates are a class or phylum of collared microscopic flagellate eukaryotes. Some species are single cells, some are multicellular. They do not have chloroplasts, and are heterotrophic. Some consider they form the simplest phylum of animals; others consider them to be protists.[6][7] ...

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Andov, Dobre and Andreevska, Danica and Ilieva, Verica (2008) Производни и технолошки својства на некои новосоздадени хибридни генотипи ориз. Јубилеен годишен зборник. pp. 133-140. ISSN 1409-5297 Andov, Dobre and Najcevska, Cvetanka and Andreevska, Danica and Ilieva, Verica (2003) White rice yield and products obtained during paddy rice de hulling depending on the variety and cultivation. Зборник на трудови XXVIII Средба Факултет - Стопанство, 11. pp. 115-127. ISSN 1409-8237 Andov, Dobre and Najcevska, Cvetanka and Ilieva, Verica and Andreevska, Danica (2003) Inharitance of the number of productive tillers in hibrid obtained by top-cross in rice(Oryza Sativa L.). Yearbook of the faculty of agriculture, 48. pp. 227-240. ISSN 0351-9112 Andreevska, Danica and Andov, Dobre and Ilieva, Verica (2008) Оризот значајна стратешка култура во ...

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SAG Culture Collection, Strain number: SAG 25.80 Cryptomonas spec., Cryptophyta - Cryptophyceae; Year: before 1970; General habitat: freshwater

Hayward, B.W.; Le Coze, F.; Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Virgulina recta var. howei Cushman, 1936 †. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=930648 on 2019-10-20 ...