Therefore, Linnaeus gave a two kingdom system of classification. We have provided database of Class 11 Biology question papers with solutions and is available for free download or read online. Also name four common viral diseases. 1. Euglenoids: Found in stagnant fresh water. Viruses are microscopic organisms that have characteristics of both living and non-living. Did you find NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology chapter 2 Biological Classification helpful? This system of classification failed to classify all the known organisms. Dinoflagellates: Marine, photosynthetic cell wall has stiff cellulose plates. 2. Contact. Growth ; b. Reproduction ; c. Ability to sense the environment and respond accordingly; d. All; Answer. 1. The cell walls of diatoms are made of silica. However, some insectivorous plants are partially heterotrophic. Prepare from hundreds of questions for Chapter 2 biology 11th class. Non chlorpohyllous hyphae 3. You can view them online or download PDF file for future use. Question ...

Mammals have keen hearing owing to their complex inner ear. In our vertebrate ancestors, as in extant reptiles, the three bones that make up the inner ear were instead part of the jaw. Understanding the functional transition of these bones is challenging given their small and delicate nature. Mao et al. describe a new genus and species of stem therian mammal represented by six well-preserved specimens, seemingly caught as they slept huddled together (see the Perspective by Schultz). The unprecedented preservation reveals a clear transitional stage between the two very different functions of the bones.. Science, this issue p. 305; see also p. 244 ...

Beyond Metafiction deals with metafictional texts from that tense transitional stage in Soviet literary history, the late 1920s. All were written by fellow traveling authors at various stages of accepting the new aesthetic of social command that preceded Socialist Realism as official literary policy. David Shepherds rather enormous goal is to ask whether there is anything specific to self-conscious prose fiction produced in the Soviet Union that might contribute to a consideration not only of some well-established conceptions about such writing generally but also . . . of Soviet literary history. Shepherd succeeds in stimulating some slight reassessment in both of these areas.. In its earliest uses, the term metafiction described self-referential art concerned with probing itself as art and with meditating on the key aesthetic figure of the author. Typically, it has been characterized as extrahistorical, hermetic, self-sufficiently narcissistic and, because of its position outside of ...

Discharge lounges enable the swift movement of patients imminently awaiting hospital discharge, to free beds without delay. This Qualitative Yin-Style Case Study describes the patient and caregivers experience of transition from an Acute Medicine Unit (AMU) to a discharge lounge and staff perspectives, as organisers of this process. Audiorecorded, interviews and focus groups were undertaken. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Lack of patientcenteredness in moving patients to the discharge lounge emerged with three themes: moving the problem; being moved and feeling removed. Patients were transferred at accelerated speed. Communications between staff, patients and carers were abruptly curtailed. Patient transfer from AMU to a discharge lounge is a transitional stage in the acute discharge process and must be adequately communicated.. ...

According to some published data, we assume that the main reason for the good results of our Prematurity-Prevention-Program is not the early detection of existing infections, but the early detection of their precursors, namely disturbances of the vaginal milieu:. Hillier et al. [1992b] diagnosed an intermediate pattern between normal flora and Bacterial Vaginosis - see also Schröder [1921] - in 16% of the pregnant women examined, while 22% of the women suffered from Bacterial Vaginosis, and 61% had a normal flora. Of the women with such a transitional stage in the 2nd trimester, in the 3rd trimester in about 1/3 the findings were the same, in about 1/3 the findings were normal, and about 1/3 developed a Bacterial Vaginosis.. Hay et al. [1994] found in a study an increased risk for loss of pregnancy, when just an intermediate pattern was present.. Viehweg et al. [1997] reported, that an increasing pH value during the course of pregnancy leads to an increased risk of prematurity, even when the pH ...

From 28 to 33 weeks gestation, significant neurological reorganization takes place, initiating fetal behavioral individuality and capacity for extrauterine survival. Infants born at this transitional stage exhibit unexpectedly significant brain dysfunction as they develop and age. The majority of these infants will develop psychomotor, cognitive, and attentional function deficits as well as emotional vulnerability and substandard school performance. Research suggests that these symptoms are due to a central deficit in frontal lobe processing of complex information. This central deficit may result from increased vulnerability of cerebral white matter during the last trimester of gestation, its phase of most rapid development. Persistent stress due to inappropriate sensory stimulation may contribute to alteration of early brain structure and function. This study will identify specific adaptations of the preterm brain to the transient NICU experience in order to estimate the potential of such ...

For some women, the word perimenopause and or menopause sounds biologically cataclysmic. Not to mention the fact that its a taboo subject. As a result, they prefer not to talk about it, opting to deal with this natural occurrence in silence and solitude, and furthermore, pretend that they are aye, ok. Granted some women are indeed ok.. We are all biologically unique, so not everyone suffers the same effects that are associated with this transitional period. In fact, some women have no noticeable adverse effects.. Perimenopause is the stage that leads up to menopause (the ceasing of your menstruation), and it can begin as early as the late twenties, bringing with it symptoms that can throw a woman into a tailspin. Much like every other transitional stage that our body goes through (puberty and pregnancy), the symptoms associated with perimenopause are a result of the changing role of the reproductive system (in this case, the diminishing role). It occurs as we age, as our estrogen levels ...

Relatively young for her level of acclaim, Toronto-based artist Winnie Truong (Hi-Fructose Vol. 22 cover artist) created her latest body of work, Rites of Passage, as a meditation on crossing the quarter-century mark of her lifetime. The new series of drawings, which debuted at Copenhagens Galleri Benoni on April 4, reflect Truongs simultaneous awareness of her youth and her mortality. The coming of age theme to Rites of Passage is an ambivalent take on my experiences of growth, decay and stagnation, Truong wrote in an email to Hi-Fructose. Its about moving through those transitional stages of adult life without fanfare, or epiphany. Hair, the dominant motif in Truongs work, changes its meaning here. Whereas before she enveloped ladies in bushy manes to challenge beauty norms, in Rites of Passage hair becomes like a cocoon or even a cobweb in a catacomb. In several of the drawings, her characters hair forms skull shapes that emerge almost like foreboding images inside of a crystal ...

Sprouts are the cheapest and most convenient source of complete nourishment. They are food for long-term health and wellness. If consumed judiciously and chosen over other foods, they can prevent diseases and lifestyle-related ailments. Sprouting a seed enables it to produce an enormously enhanced bundle of nutrients.A sprout is at the transitional stage between seed and plant. It is, to put it simply, a baby plant. These are essentially pre-digested foods as the seeds own enzymes do most of the work. The nutritional changes that occur during sprouting primarily happen because complex compounds get broken down into simpler forms. This, added to development of some essential nutrients, constituents, and breakdown of anti-nutrients, makes the whole phenomenon of sprouting possible. Metabolic activity in dormant seeds is initiated as soon as they are hydrated during soaking.Sprouted seeds acquire natural increased digestibility and nutrients as compared to unsprouted seeds. They provide us with ...

Natural menopause is caused by ovarian failure due to aging. At birth, women may have as many as two million eggs within their ovaries. By puberty, this is reduced to about 300,000 and at menopause, the eggs are virtually absent. The accompanying declines in estrogen and progesterone production cause the characteristic symptoms of menopause.. Since periods rarely stop without warning, the transitional stage during which most women begin to become irregular prior to stopping altogether is called peri-menopause or pre-menopause. Typically lasting for two to three years, peri-menopause may last up to ten years before complete cessation of the menstrual period. During this time, women may experience a combination of PMS and menopausal symptoms or no symptoms of menopause at all.. Women who have had both ovaries and/or uterus (hysterectomy) surgically removed will experience a dramatic reduction in the production of all sex hormones, in effect, an artifically induced state of menopause called ...

The excellence of the teacher is to identify the difference in talents of students. Roman Scholar Quintilian. Why are young people like they are at each life passage? What can we do so they can do better at each transitional stage?. ELF17 was about making a positive difference to individuals and their communities by understanding life shaping developmental and environmental factors and path changers in the journey from infancy to adulthood in the years 0-25 years, during which the brain matures, and acting on the need for timely interventions for those at risk to get them back on track.. Key research input. The forum picked up on the 45+ years old Dunedin Longitudinal Study. Pioneered by Dr Phil Silva, the University of Otagos Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study examines the progressive results of ongoing research into the lives of 1,000 New Zealanders born 46 years ago in Dunedin.. Other relevant research came from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 39 year ...

Top 10 tissues for 1005_at (Homo sapiens, Affymetrix Probeset): bone marrow endothelium progenitor cell, blood vessel endothelium cell, bone marrow monocyte, corneal limbus, cornea, band cell, bone marrow polymorphonuclear cell (PMN), peripheral blood transitional stage B-cell (unspecified), blood neutrophil granulocyte, pulmonary (lung) myofibroblast

Her research interests include theoretical speculation and experimental investigation in the field of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Part of her research has been focused on developing new NMR techniques and innovative NMR diagnostic approaches. All her activities have been characterized by a specific orientation to applicative fields with a potentially high clinical impact. Some of her research lines are currently at the stage of basic research, some others are in a transitional stage between basic research and clinical application. Her main research tools are NMR related techniques, including both Spectroscopy and Imaging. Moreover, she is also an expert of other experimental procedures, such as techniques based on x-rays or dielectric spectroscopy. Her investigation targets are: materials and biomaterials (confined water, gels, macromolecules, bone) and living systems (cells, ex-vivo and excised tissues, such as cancellous bone,dentin, bone-marrow, cartilage, meningioma, in-vivo animal ...

Realised by the non-professional actor Séverine Jonckeere, Milla is said to be seventeen in the films press notes. But without that information her age is hard to pinpoint. Her face flickers between gauche, baby-faced youth and the weariness of an older waitress on a smoke break, wondering where it all went wrong.. This indeterminacy writ upon Jonckeeres face speaks to the liminal quality of Valérie Massadians cinema, which constantly switches modes, eludes easy labels. Also, the transitional stages of adolescence - what shes called hinge ages - that her films consistently plumb. Her debut feature, Nana (2011), follows a four year-old girl, pre-socialisation, while her second, Milla (2017), crafts a fictive experience of teenage motherhood. (A future film featuring a number of kids aged between 11-13 is planned to centre the triptych.). Although these portraits use documentary techniques, their observations are anything but detached. To me, filming is dancing with the other person, ...

Synonym(s):. Life-form: Solitary. Size: length 10-26 µm, width 5-10 µm. Resting spore:. Note:. Distinctive features: Haptonema (2.5-4.5 µm long) shorter than flagella, scales of four forms (EM). Similar species: C. pringsheimii. Distribution:. Literature: ...

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Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate within Euglenida, has attracted much attention as a potential feedstock for renewable energy production. In outdoor open-pond cultivation for biofuel production, excess direct sunlight can inhibit photosynthesis in this alga and decrease its productivity. Carotenoids play important roles in light harvesting during photosynthesis and offer photoprotection for certain non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. Although, Euglenida contains β-carotene and xanthophylls (such as zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and 9′-cis neoxanthin), the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis has not been elucidated. To clarify the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in E. gracilis, we searched for the putative E. gracilis geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase gene (crtE) and phytoene synthase gene (crtB) by tblastn searches from RNA-seq data and obtained their cDNAs. Complementation

Agraulis vanillae, Anisonema, Archaea, Arthropoda, Astasia, Atraktomonas laevis, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Cassionympha cassius, Caudata, Cetacea, Chaetognatha, Chasmostoma nieuportense, Colacium, Craniata, Cryptobranchidae, Cycliophora, Deuterostomia, Dicamptodontidae, Dinoflagellates, Dinosauria, Dione, Dryadula phaetusa, Dryas iulia, Echiura, Elephantidae, Entosiphon, Euglena, Euglenopsis, Euglenozoa, Eutreptia, Eutreptiella, Fouquieriaceae, Gnathostomata, Gyropaigne, Heteronema, Hynobiidae, Jenningsia, Kinorhyncha, Lentomonas applanatum, Limnognathia maerski, Living Amphibians, Loricifera, Mollusca, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Onychophora, Pauropoda, Peranema, Petalomonas, Phacus, Phoronida, Platyhelminthes, Plethodontidae, Priapulida, Proteidae, Pycnogonida, Rhyacotritonidae, Saccharomycetales, Salientia, Sirenidae, Sphenomonas, Ustilaginomycotina, Viruses, Wallemiales ...

Agraulis vanillae, Anisonema, Archaea, Arthropoda, Astasia, Atraktomonas laevis, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Cassionympha cassius, Caudata, Cetacea, Chaetognatha, Chasmostoma nieuportense, Colacium, Craniata, Cryptobranchidae, Cycliophora, Deuterostomia, Dicamptodontidae, Dinoflagellates, Dinosauria, Dione, Dryadula phaetusa, Dryas iulia, Echiura, Elephantidae, Entosiphon, Euglena, Euglenopsis, Euglenozoa, Eutreptia, Eutreptiella, Fouquieriaceae, Gnathostomata, Gyropaigne, Heteronema, Hynobiidae, Jenningsia, Kinorhyncha, Lentomonas applanatum, Limnognathia maerski, Living Amphibians, Loricifera, Mollusca, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Onychophora, Pauropoda, Peranema, Petalomonas, Phacus, Phoronida, Platyhelminthes, Plethodontidae, Priapulida, Proteidae, Pycnogonida, Rhyacotritonidae, Saccharomycetales, Salientia, Sirenidae, Sphenomonas, Ustilaginomycotina, Viruses, Wallemiales ...

The shape of Euglena resembles an elongated or spindle-shaped cell that is 15 to 500 micrometers (0.0006 to 0.02 inches) in length. They can thereforebe easily collected and prepared for viewing. Therefore, it has been widely applied in many fields, such as in food, supplements, and cosmetics (Gong et al. The present section will focus on photosynthetic genera. The alga Euglena gracilis Z. changes its shape two times per day when grown under the synchronizing effect of a daily light-dark cycle. In 1830, C. G. Ehrenberg renamed Müllers Cercaria Euglena viridis, and placed it, in keeping with the short-lived system of classification he invented, among the Polygastrica in the family Astasiaea: multi-stomached creatures with no alimentary canal, variable body shape but no pseudopods or lorica. The data from Euglena anabaena were matched against data for nine other euglenoids; Astasia longa, Euglena viridis, Euglena pisciformis, Euglena gracilis, Euglena sp., Khawkinea quartana, Euglena acus, ...

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

This dissertation develops a rationale of how to use fossil data in solving biogeographical and ecological problems. It is argued that large amounts of fossil data of high quality can be used to document the evolutionary processes (the origin, development, formation and dynamics) of Arealsystems, which can be divided into six stages in North America: the Refugium Stage (before 15,000 years ago: , 15 ka), the Dispersal Stage (from 8,000 to 15,000 year ago: 8.0 15 ka), the Developing Stage (from 3,000 to 8,000 years ago: 3.0 8.0 ka), the Transitional Stage (from 1,000 to 3,000 years ago: 1 3 ka), the Primitive Stage (from 5,00 to 1,000 years ago: 0.5 1 ka) and the Human Disturbing Stage (during the last 500 years: , 0.5 ka). The division into these six stages is based on geostatistical analysis of the FAUNMAP database that contains 43,851 fossil records collected from 1860 to 1994 in North America. Fossil data are one of the best materials to test the glacial refugia theory. Glacial ...

Description This, Mark Ellerbys third book on the subject of schizophrenia, deals further with his experiences of and thoughts on living with schizophrenia. Mark is an entertaining and informative writer and this is a worthy addition to his previous works. About the Author My biographical history is very much dominated by schizophrenia which began at age 21. I had just graduated from university and starting a PhD. course in political philosophy. I had to give up my PhD. after a five year struggle with the illness due to a lack of information to hand about what hearing voices actually is. Book Extract I have often wondered if my schizophrenia was caused by acute depression together with a nervous breakdown. There was a kind of transitional stage from the social isolation that comes with a serious depression and increasing vulnerability to hearing voices. I do not know nor do I think anyone knows if there is a link but the context of one naturally leads to exposure to the other. Starting to be alone for

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized by memory impairment but little or no decline in everyday function, is a transitional stage between normal aging...

One of the things I liked about Corny Concerto is that it seems to be a cartoon going through a transitional stage at the WB studio. Its packed with new ideas, and the new Bugs design and not everyone on the crew has had time to practice all these new things, so that there are scenes with some rough edges and a slight bit of awkwardness here and there. They arent pencil tested to death like Bambi where everything is meticulously perfectly balanced - and stale. This cartoon feels like a bunch of really fun adventurous guys were bursting with energy and just had to get every idea out that they could, so they could get to the next cartoon full of new experiments. So only 85% of it is perfectly polished. But the energy, excitement and invention is so extreme that it more than compensates for the slightly less polish ...

One of the things I liked about Corny Concerto is that it seems to be a cartoon going through a transitional stage at the WB studio. Its packed with new ideas, and the new Bugs design and not everyone on the crew has had time to practice all these new things, so that there are scenes with some rough edges and a slight bit of awkwardness here and there. They arent pencil tested to death like Bambi where everything is meticulously perfectly balanced - and stale. This cartoon feels like a bunch of really fun adventurous guys were bursting with energy and just had to get every idea out that they could, so they could get to the next cartoon full of new experiments. So only 85% of it is perfectly polished. But the energy, excitement and invention is so extreme that it more than compensates for the slightly less polish ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Isolation of phosphorylating mitochondria from Astasia longa. AU - Buetow, D. E.. AU - Buchanan, P. J.. PY - 1969/10/15. Y1 - 1969/10/15. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0014679319&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0014679319&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 5355424. AN - SCOPUS:0014679319. VL - 8. SP - 1099. EP - 1102. JO - Life Sciences. JF - Life Sciences. SN - 0024-3205. IS - 20 PART 2. ER - ...

The Emotion Engine Build Im starting a new build and will be using the Bitfenix Prodigy case to mod. This is the regular ITX variant, NOT the new matx one, which in...

ABSTRACT: High-throughput sequencing techniques have been increasingly used in biodiversity estimates and in the detection of rare species within prokaryotic and eukaryotic assemblages in different habitats. In studies of protists, the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene is the genetic marker most often used. However, established primers for the variable region V4 show several mismatches when used to examine protist groups important in oxygen-deficient aquatic systems, such as euglenozoans, some stramenopiles, and ciliates (e.g. mesodiniids). In this study, we designed new general primers covering the V4 and V5 region and used them in combination with a primer mix in a 2-step PCR approach to improve our understanding of eukaryotic diversity in oxygen-deficient zones. Prior to amplification of environmental samples from oxygen-deficient water layers of the Black Sea, we tested and improved the protocol on a protist mock community (1 ciliate and 5 flagellate species). With the developed approach, we ...

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Abstract 2400. Poster Board II-377. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member BAFF-R has been shown to transduce a powerful survival signal in B lineage cells upon ligation by BAFF, its soluble high affinity ligand. The availability of BAFF in lymphoid organs and its detectable levels in the blood suggest that it is the control of receptor expression by the B cell rather than ligand production by supportive cells that limits the activity of this survival signal. The presence of BAFF-R on the surface of B cells from the transitional stages of development through maturity mirrors the expression of BAFF-R on the malignancies thought to arise from these various developmental stages and may enable B lineage malignancies to receive an anti-apoptotic signal from BAFF that reinforces and supports the expansion of the malignant cells. This additional survival signal may be crucial in indolent malignancies like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a cancer characterized more by the prolonged survival of the ...

We have identified that autoimmune BXD2 mice exhibit unique features, including spontaneous formation of germinal centers, increased expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), increased production of pathogenic autoantibodies that are polyreactive, significantly increased percentage of IL-17high CD4 TH cells (TH-17) and IL-17Rhigh B cells, and significantly increased numbers of type I interferon producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the spleens of these mice. We are currently studying the inter-connection of high IL-17, high type I IFN and the development of autoreactive B cells related to B-cell tolerance loss at the transitional stage and the germinal center stage in BXD2 mice.. We currently study the close interaction between spleen marginal zone (MZ) B cells and MZ macrophages, and the implication of disrupting this close interaction in disease relapse following B-cell depletion therapy (BCDT) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In healthy individuals, the MZ B cells ...

Background: Adolescence is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood and represents one the most critical stages in human lifespan because it is associated with several biological changes that affect adolescents personal and social development, and self-esteem. Objective: In this study we aimed to investigate gender differences in self-esteem of Omani adolescents, and to explore the discrepancies on their self-esteem according to the level of their body mass index (BMI). Subjects and Methods: To achieve the objectives of the study, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (SES) has been administered on a sample consisted of 855 Omani adolescents (413 males and 422 females) with a similar average age (17.22 ± 1.26 years). BMI also measured using the equation (Weight/Height2 expressed as kg/m2). Results: The results also showed that the level of self-esteem varies according to the level of BMI, whereas healthier adolescents (BMI=18.5-25 kg/m2) scored significantly higher on SES comparing to obese ...

β-type IP39 protein of 264 aas and 4 TMSs in a 1 3 TMS arrangement. Euglenoid flagellates have striped surface structures comprising pellicles, which allow the cell shape to vary from rigid to flexible during the characteristic movement of the flagellates. In Euglena gracilis, the pellicular strip membranes are covered with paracrystalline arrays of a major integral membrane protein, IP39, a four TMS protein with the conserved sequence motif of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20/Claudin superfamily. Suzuki et al. 2013 reported the three-dimensional structure of Euglena IP39 determined by electron crystallography. Two-dimensional crystals of IP39 formed a striated pattern of antiparallel double-rows in which trimeric IP39 units are longitudinally polymerised, resulting in continuously extending zigzag-shaped lines. Structural analysis revealed an asymmetric molecular arrangement in the trimer, suggesting that at least four different interactions between neighbouring protomers are involved. A combination of ...

Introduction and Learning Objectives Figure 1. Giardia lamblia, a protistan intestinal parasite.(Click to enlarge) This tutorial will introduce protists, which are relatively simple eukaryotic organisms (such as Giardia lamblia, Figure 1). The taxonomy o

Abstract: Predation was a powerful selective force promoting increased morphological complexity in a unicellular prey held in constant environmental conditions. The green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, is a well-studied eukaryote, which has retained its normal unicellular form in cultures in our laboratories for thousands of generations. For the experiments reported here, steady-state unicellular C. vulgaris continuous cultures were inoculated with the predator Ochromonas vallescia, a phagotrophic flagellated protist (`flagellate). Within less than 100 generations of the prey, a multicellular Chlorella growth form became dominant in the culture (subsequently repeated in other cultures). The prey Chlorella first formed globose clusters of tens to hundreds of cells. After about 10-20 generations in the presence of the phagotroph, eight-celled colonies predominated. These colonies retained the eight-celled form indefinitely in continuous culture and when plated onto agar. These self-replicating, stable ...

The majority of mesophilic waterborne species of the black yeast genus Exophiala (Chaetothyriales) belong to a single clade judging from SSU rDNA data. Most taxa are also found to cause cutaneous or disseminated infections in cold-blooded, water animals, occasionally reaching epidemic proportions. Hosts are mainly fish, frogs, toads, turtles or crabs, all sharing smooth, moist or mucous skins and waterborne or amphibian lifestyles; occasionally superficial infections in humans are noted. Cold-blooded animals with strictly terrestrial life styles, such as reptiles and birds are missing. It is concluded that animals with moist skins, i.e. those being waterborne and those possessing sweat glands, are more susceptible to black yeast infection. Melanin and the ability to assimilate alkylbenzenes are purported general virulence factors. Thermotolerance influences the choice of host. Exophiala species in ocean water mostly have maximum growth temperatures below 30 °C, whereas those able to grow until ...

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Mother is the first teacher for a child and her occupation play a great role in the development of a child. Loneliness is a feeling which mainly grows in the hearts of adolescence due to ignorance felt by them tn their childhood. Loneliness is a feeling which isolates an individual from social groups even when he is present in the crowd. Aim the primary of the study is to compare the level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Material and method non- experimental approach was adopted to compare level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers in the selected school of Yol Cantt, District Kangra. Comparative design was used, total of 60 adolescents were included in equal strength from working and non-working mothers respectively. Pilot study was conducted on 12 subjects and feasibility and ...

Silva (1960: 19) notes Euglena (Euglenaceae, Euglenophyta). This genus was established by Ehrenberg (1830a, p. 508) to accommodate those euglenoid organisms that have eyespots. Five species were originally assigned to Euglena, namely, Cercaria viridis Mueller, C. pleuronectes Mueller, Vibrio acus Mueller, Euglena spirogyra Ehrenb. (nomen nudum), and E. sanguinea Ehrenb. (nomen nudum, non E. sanguinea (Nees et Goldf.) Ehrenb.). Dujardin (1841, pp. 349, 358) lectotypified Euglena with Cercaria viridis. - (17 Mar 2013) - M.D. Guiry. Description: Green flagellates with elongate, ovoid or fusiform cells, varying in length from 20 to 500 _m, and with 2 flagella originating within an anterior invagination of the cell. The highly mobile long flagellum emerges from the subapical canal opening as the organelle of locomotion, the other is so short that it ends within the reservoir (basal region of the invagination). The locomotory flagellum is doubled in thickness by a paraflagellar rod and bears a ...

Astasia redirects here. This term was also applied to chlorophyll-less Euglena. Astasis is a lack of motor coordination marked by an inability to stand, walk or even sit without assistance due to disruption of muscle coordination. The term astasia is interchangeable with astasis and is most commonly referred to as astasia in the literature describing it. Astasis is the inability to stand or sit up without assistance in the absence of motor weakness or sensory loss (although the inclusion of the lack of motor weakness has been debated by some physicians). It is categorized more as a symptom than an actual disease, as it describes a disruption of muscle coordination resulting in this deficit. The disturbance differs from cerebellar ataxia in that with astasis the gait can be relatively normal, with balance significantly impaired during transition from a seated to standing position. This balance impairment is similar to patients with vestibulocerebellar syndrome, which is a progressive ...

The present work aimed at developing a novel method which allows to characterize microbial communities from environmental samples in a comprehensive and rapid way. Approaches tried so far either supplied information about the identity of a small fraction of organisms within the total community (e. g. by sequencing of clone libraries), or demonstrated the diversity of organisms without identifying them (e. g. community profiling). In the approach presented here, a method for determining such profiles (by tRFLP analysis) was combined with an automatic analysis by a computer program (TReFID) newly developed for the current study. For the characterization of microorganisms, three different data bases have been constructed: (1) for denitrifying bacteria: a nosZ data base with 607 entries (2) for dinitrogen fixing bacteria: a nifH data base with 1,318 entries (3) for bacteria in general: a 16S rDNA data base with 22,145 entries Thus a comprehensive data set has been developed particularly for the 16S ...

The short answer: not very portable at all. My system was in a plexiglass box that I built, roughly a 12 cube. I sized it so that I could stand the mATX mobo up against one side, with the backplane connectors just poking out the top of the oil. That prevented capillary draw up through the network and keyboard cables. And theres more than just the wieght to worry about, theres also the stress on the aquarium. Those things are basically held together by caulking in the corners - a little flexing while full of liquid and you could pop a huge leak ...

The short answer: not very portable at all. My system was in a plexiglass box that I built, roughly a 12 cube. I sized it so that I could stand the mATX mobo up against one side, with the backplane connectors just poking out the top of the oil. That prevented capillary draw up through the network and keyboard cables. And theres more than just the wieght to worry about, theres also the stress on the aquarium. Those things are basically held together by caulking in the corners - a little flexing while full of liquid and you could pop a huge leak ...

Ive also had a lot of heartburn recently and pain in my side Improves skin problems including acne quite a few undesirable side-effects.. Many women think that menopause happens in their early 50s where in actual fact symptoms of menopause in particular during perimenopause (the transitional stage Horses: The Soothing Large Animal You May Have Never Considered. Bioidentical Progesterone vs This has long been understood with What Are The Hormones In The Female Reproductive System? Induced Symptoms Tamoxifen respect to treatment of pregnancy A significant consequence of the side effects seen with I am performing Menopause the Musical this Friday in Worcester RI 11/3&11/5 Virginia But how does it work and what options are available? Do men have menopause? Estrogen also helps protect the health of your bladder and urethra the tube that empties your urine. Im using crinone pessaries and I have cramping sore boobs really tired and mood swings.. Menstrual Disorders: Causes and days of ovulation in ...

Cognitive problems in older adults range from mild impairment to severe dementia. The transitional stage between normal aging and dementia has been designated as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) [1-3]. People with MCI have been found to have a 10 to 15 times higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease (AD), although up to 40% will not develop dementia [4, 5]. Prevalence of MCI is estimated at 19% among older adults, increasing to 29% in those over age 85 [6]. The prevalence of gait disorders also increases with age, with estimates of up to 20% in older people residing in the community [7]. Previously, age-associated slowing gait has been considered a benign consequence of aging; however, slow gait velocity has been recently associated with increased risk of falls, institutionalization, and mortality [8, 9]. Interestingly, gait slowing and cognitive impairment usually coexist in the same individual and the interaction between cognitive impairment and motor changes in older adults has been ...

In sunlight, many euglenas can make their own food. Locomotion v/s Movement It is very difficult to separate movement from locomotion because an animal cannot change its place (locomotion) without movement, e.g., Cilia helps in movement of food inside cytopharynx and in locomotion in Paramecium. •Plant like protists include euglena is a common euglenoid that lives in fresh water. If the undulating motion of the flagellum is of spiral type, the animal rotates in opposite direction. This will also help you to draw the structure and diagram of paramecium. The whole body of this protozoan is covered with fine protoplasmic cilia, which are arranged in definite longitudinal rows; these structures serve as its locomotive organs. physical pressure. History. Paramecium was named by John Hill in 1752. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, and Volvox All are protists: eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. Waste- Anal Pore (food waste is removed) and Contractile Vacuole (water waste) ...

Viruses are recognized as major players in planktonic ecosystems. Recent studies have been conducted on medium and large scales. Of these, many are based on host cultures, thereby making it possible to isolate the virus from these hosts, but this is limited because of the diversity of viruses obtained. In addition, recent studies suggest that many viruses are highly specific to their hosts.. However, it is believed that virus diversity is so great that it is desirable to limit studies to a specific taxonomic group. The giant double-stranded DNA Viruses, Phycodnaviridae, which infect algae, are good candidates for such a study, because there is genomic data available and preliminary studies have already been carried out on their diversity. Amongst them are the prasinovirus which are prasinophyte viruses, an important component of picoplankton photosynthesis in oceans. The algae-prasinophyte-prasinovirus system has the advantage of including hosts and virus whose genome is completely sequenced ...

...One of the first chemical reactions children learn is the recipe for p...Chloroplasts originally evolved from photosynthetic bacteria by primar...To better understand the process of secondary endosymbiosis and why nu...Archibald compared these algae to Russian nesting dolls with sophisti...,Tiny,algae,shed,light,on,photosynthesis,as,a,dynamic,property,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

Most Apicomplexans possess a relic plastid named apicoplast, originating from secondary endosymbiosis of a red algae. This non-photosynthetic organelle fulfils important metabolic functions and confers sensitivity to antibiotics. The tasks of this organelle is compared across the phylum of Apicomplexa, highlighting its role in metabolic adaptation to different intracellular niches. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier SAS ...

The SPEC-04 comes with a pre-installed 120mm LED-lit front intake fan and room for up to five fans; two 120mm or 140mm in the front, two 120mm in the roof and one 120mm in the rear. Fill each slot with a CORSAIR AF, SP, ML or HD series 120mm fan for maximum airflow, or fit any 120mm CORSAIR Hydro Series liquid cooler for watercooled performance. Whats more, with both front-intake and PSU dust filters, the SPEC-04 is equipped to keep your system clean, as well as cool.. Inside the SPEC-04 is packed with a host of builder friendly features. ATX, MATX and mini-ITX motherboard support is accompanied by seven expansion slots and room for GPUs up to 370mm in length, so while you might agonize over that next system upgrade, you won?t have to worry about whether itll fit. Expansive storage mounts accommodate up to three 3.5in HDDs and two 2.5in SDDs, while multiple cable routing cutouts and tie downs make for easy cable management to keep your build looking spacious and ...

Half-plant, half-animal, Euglena are one of the most studied microscopic creatures. And one of the most fascinating! Learn all about these amazing protists.

Folding bikes are what were all about! Giving you the freedom to ride anywhere and anything. Browse the bikes page and find your perfect partner.