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Esculin hydrolysis was first described by Rochaix in 1924.(8) Swan first introduced the use of Bile Esculin Agar in 1954.(9) In 1970, Facklam and Moody determined that the use of the bile esculin test was a reliable way of identifying group D streptococci from non-group D streptococci.(3) When using BEA in biochemical testing of group D streptococci, they found that all group D streptococci will blacken this medium.(3) Other researchers have used BEA for the presumptive identification of Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Serratia spp., among the Enterobacteriaceae. This medium contains esculin, ferric citrate to provide ferric ions, and 4% oxbile to inhibit most other strains of non-group D streptococci. Esculin is hydrolyzed by group D streptococci to form dextrose and esculin. This compound reacts with the ferric ions contained within the medium, turning the medium from its original amber color to a dark brown to black. Thus the tolerance to the presence of bile and the hydrolysis of ...
Principle: Bile-esculin test is based on the ability of certain bacteria, notably the group D streptococci and Enterococcus species, to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile (4% bile salts or 40% bile).. Note: Many bacteria can hydrolyze esculin, but few can do so in the presence of bile. Esculin is a glycosidic coumarin derivative (6-beta-glucoside-7-hydroxy-coumarin). The two moieties of the molecule (glucose and 7-hydroxycoumarin) are linked together by an ester bond through oxygen. For this test, esculin is incorporated into a medium containing 4% bile salts.. Bacteria that are bile-esculin positive are, first of all, able to grow in the presence of bile salts. Hydrolysis of the esculin in the medium results in the formation of glucose and a compound called esculetin.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Two New Xylanases with Different Substrate Specificities from the Human Gut Bacterium Bacteroides intestinalis DSM 17393. AU - Hong, Pei-Ying. AU - Iakiviak, M.. AU - Dodd, D.. AU - Zhang, M.. AU - Mackie, R. I.. AU - Cann, I.. N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01. PY - 2014/1/24. Y1 - 2014/1/24. N2 - Xylan is an abundant plant cell wall polysaccharide and is a dominant component of dietary fiber. Bacteria in the distal human gastrointestinal tract produce xylanase enzymes to initiate the degradation of this complex heteropolymer. These xylanases typically derive from glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 10 and 11; however, analysis of the genome sequence of the xylan-degrading human gut bacterium Bacteroides intestinalis DSM 17393 revealed the presence of two putative GH8 xylanases. In the current study, we demonstrate that the two genes encode enzymes that differ in activity. The xyn8A gene encodes an endoxylanase (Xyn8A), and rex8A encodes a reducing-end ...
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The obesity epidemic is a massive concern for the 21st century. New research shows that the bacteria that live inside our digestive systems could have a large impact on our risk of being obese. There is a widespread belief, that being overweight or obese is a question of failing willpower, fuelled in no small part…
Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is produced by a number of pathogenic bacteria including pathogenic serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC). of Cdt-V and a fragment downstream in the homolog to strains. Bacterial Cdts participate in the Stomach2-type of poisons that stop the G2 and early M BIBR 953 stages during mitosis (30 42 Therefore the cells usually do not separate but given that they continue to develop distension to five situations their regular size could be noticed before BIBR 953 their disintegration. Cdt is normally a virulence aspect that benefits bacterial success and enhances microbial pathogenicity (31). Current experimental proof supports the key function of Cdts in the pathogenesis of Cdt-producing bacterias which can stimulate hepatocellular carcinoma and irritation of the tummy intestine and Rabbit Polyclonal to TBL2. liver organ in vulnerable mouse strains during chronic illness (15). Multiple pathogenic Gram-negative BIBR 953 bacteria have been found to produce Cdt ...
List of words make out of Aesculin. All anagrams of Aesculin. Words made after unscrambling Aesculin. Scrabble Points. Puzzle Solver. Word Creation.
Researchers shed new light on the functioning of human gut bacteria, revealing how nutrients are transported into the bacterial cell.
General Information: Human gut bacterium. This species is a normal inhabitant of the healthy human gut. Newborns, especially those that are breast-fed, are colonized with Bifidobacteria within days after birth. This species was first isolated from the feces of a breast-fed infant. In one comprehensive 16S rDNA sequence-based enumeration of the colonic microbiota of three healthy adult humans it represents, on average, 0.008% of all 16S rDNA sequences and 4.302% of the sequences in its division (Eckburg et. They are saccharolytic organisms that produce acetic and lactic acids without generation of CO2, except during degradation of gluconate. ...
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Looking for online definition of esculin in the Medical Dictionary? esculin explanation free. What is esculin? Meaning of esculin medical term. What does esculin mean?
This survey of published microbiome sequence data uncovered evidence that bacteria in the genus Bilophila use genetic code expansion in the human gut to produce a TMA methyltransferase. We hypothesized that this mechanism could be used to compete with other TMA-utilizing processes, potentially decreasing the production of TMAO from the proatherogenic precursor trimethylamine. To explore this hypothesis, we reexamined additional publicly available data (Table S1) to determine whether this naturally occurring mechanism for TMAO attenuation is correlated with CVD. In a recent study describing the gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Jie et al. (29) report that Bilophila is one of the 20 most abundant genera in the samples examined for this project. Their data also show that the abundance of Bilophila is significantly enriched in the microbiomes of individuals in the healthy/control group (n = 187) compared to the CVD group (n = 218). Second, in a study describing a rapid ...
The characterization of Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy infants under one year of age with respect to O:H serotype, K1 and K5 antigens in two disparate parts of the developed world was the purpose of this investigation. A total of 450 strains were examined, 264 from Berlin and 186 from Melbourne. Of all the 220 different O:H serotypes found, 179 were only isolated once, 90 in Berlin and 89 in Melbourne. However, 30 of the 41 O:H serotypes (73.2%) found more than once were isolated in both centers. The most commonly identified serotypes were found in both centers and included O1:H-; O1:H7; O2:H2; O2:H4; O2:H7; O4:H5; O6:H-; O6:H1; O15:H1; O18:H7; O25:H1; and 075:H-. Potentially pathogenic serotypes were found in both cities. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)-associated serotypes (O18:H7; O26:H-; O44:H34; O86:H-; O128:H2) were present in 11 cases and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)-associated types including O26:H11; O128:H2) were present in four cases. The distributions of ...
capsules also inhibits the growth and develop a fever; or the bile ducts. The actually works effective in dissolution process. This can ca bile duct treatments for gallstones etiology get in the United States show gallstone remedies questions some kind of surgery has a high fiber and looks forward to the duodenum. The doctor said that getting rid of toxins from our days at least the full effects for eliminating stones from 1994 to 1999. Typical research from around the afflicted part, so consult a dotor for a home remedies for gallbladder stone is. They may be certain discomfort in the abdomen and backside section as a filter for the surgery is the hospital for several hours. The blocked ducts can lead to gallbladder removal surgery. If you do have gallbladder carcinoma, which pancreatic cancer survival rate after chemotherapy allows the incisions are shoulder pain vitamins rare. gallbladder removal bile esculin slant For others it can be an increase incidentally and not talk about Nick and to ...
The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in farming is thought to contribute to certain strains of animal gut bacteria developing resistance to some antibiotics. There is indirect evidence of such instances where resistance has transferred to human gut bacteria
MIT researchers develop basic computing elements for bacteria by encoding a series of sensors, memory switches, and circuits into the common human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
Stock solution (~5 mg/mL): ca.50 mg of the test item was dissolved in acetonitrile to a total volume of 10 mL. The test solutions were prepared by dilution of the stock solutions for the hydrolysis test with the corresponding buffer solutions, just before analysis and start of the storage. 1500 mL sterile solutions were prepared at pH 4, 7 and 9. Solutions were transferred into ~22 mL screw-cap glass tubes with PTFE septa. The solution was analysed at the start of the tests and then at appropriate time intervals: in order to get at least six other data points in the range of 10 to 90 % hydrolysis. The test solutions were prepared by five-hundred fold dilution of the stock solutions for the hydrolysis test with the corresponding buffer solutions ...
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This MassBank Record with Accession PR306733 contains the MS2 mass spectrum of 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin with the InChIKey ATEFPOUAMCWAQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
Consult a professional prior to cleaning. For ordinary cleaning, use mild soap and water. For more severe soiling, remove promptly with a non-abrasive cleaner. Gently lift any remaining spill to avoid further staining. Rub gently and rinse with water dampened cloth to remove cleaner concentration. Kindly spot test an area before cleaning. ...
British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, on a surprise visit to Afghanistan, hinted that additional troops would be stationed in the troubled country.
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Streptococcus infantarius is a species of bacteria. S. infantarius is competent for natural genetic transformation. Competence can be induced in cultures at high cell density, and is transient. Schlegel, L.; Grimont, F.; Collins, M. D.; Regnault, B.; Grimont, P.; Bouvet, A. (2000). Streptococcus infantarius sp. nov., Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius subsp. nov. and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli subsp. nov., isolated from humans and food. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (4): 1425-1434. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1425. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10939646. Morrison DA, Guédon E, Renault P (2013). Competence for natural genetic transformation in the Streptococcus bovis group streptococci S. infantarius and S. macedonicus. J. Bacteriol. 195 (11): 2612-20. doi:10.1128/JB.00230-13. PMC 3676052 . PMID 23543718. Corredoira, J.; Alonso, M. P.; Coira, A.; Varela, J. (2008). Association between Streptococcus infantarius (Formerly S. bovis II/1) ...
Produce contains high levels of mixed microflora, including coliforms and Escherichia coli, but occasionally pathogens may also be present. Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Shigatoxin-producing E. coli (STEC) have been isolated from various produce types, especially spinach. The presence of STEC in produce is easily detected by PCR for the Shiga toxin (Stx) gene, stx, but this is insufficient for risk analysis. STEC comprises hundreds of serotypes that include known pathogenic serotypes and strains that do not appear to cause severe illness. Moreover, Stx without a binding factor like intimin (encoded by eae) is deemed to be insufficient to cause severe disease. Hence, risk analyses require testing for other virulence or serotype-specific genes. Multiplex PCR enables simultaneous testing of many targets, but, in a mixed flora sample, not all targets detected may be coming from the same cell. The need to isolate and confirm STEC in produce is critical, but it is time- and labor-intensive due to the complexity
The hydrolysis of Trimethylorthoformate was tested according to EU Method C.7 (Degradation: Abiotic Degradation: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH, 1992). The study is considered valid and conclusive. A preliminary hydrolysis test was performed for 24 hours at 50°C with the test substance (purity: 99.7%) at pH 4, 7 and 9. At pH 4 and 7 the hydrolysis was very fast (100 and 97.8% after 1 hour respectively). The main test was triggered at pH 9 since the test substance was hydrolised to 38.5% after 24 hours. Methanol was identified as a transformation product at pH 4, 7 and 9. Methyl formate was identified as degradation product at pH 4 and 7, but not at pH 9. The main hydrolysis test was performed at pH 9 and at 25 and 50°C. Pseudo first-order rate constants of k = 4.067 x 10E-02 hE-01 and k = 3.139 x 10E-03 hE-01 corresponding to half-lives of t = 17.0 h and t = 220.8 h were calculated respectively for 25 and 50 °C. ...
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Applying the Arrhenius equation, rate constant and half-life of the substance were calculated at 20 °C and pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9. The ln-transformed data of rate constants at the three temperatures of the hydrolysis test were plotted against 1/T (T= t+273.15 °C). The lines were fitted on the data and the rate constants at 20 °C were calculated from the constants and slopes (x coefficient) of regression lines. The final results are the following: pH value t1/2, min 4 18 7 7 9 0.32 The substance was highly unstable with a half-life in the order of minutes under test conditions. Instability increased as temperature and pH increased. ...
This MassBank Record with Accession BML01652 contains the MS2 mass spectrum of Esculetin with the InChIKey ILEDWLMCKZNDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
Consult a professional prior to cleaning. For ordinary cleaning, use mild soap and water. For more severe soiling, remove promptly with a non-abrasive cleaner. Gently lift any remaining spill to avoid further staining. Rub gently and rinse with water dampened cloth to remove cleaner concentration. Kindly spot test an area before cleaning. ...
Small studies have found that horse chestnut seed extractextractto get, separate, or isolate a desired active ingredient is helpful in treating chronic venous insufficiency and is as effective as wearing compression stockings.. There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of horse chestnut seed, leaf, or bark for any other conditions.. Do not use raw or unprocessed horse chestnut seeds, leaves, bark, or flowers. They contain esculin, which is poisonous. The toxic effect may result in vomiting, diarrhea, headache, coma, and paralysis. When properly processed, horse chestnut seed extract contains little or no esculin and is considered generally safe when used for short periods of time. However, the extract can cause some side effects, including itching, nausea, calf spasm, or gastrointestinal upset.. If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult a health care practitioner. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, consult a health care practitioner before using horse chestnut.. Horse ...
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Previous evidence for the presence of an M or M-like protein on group G streptococci has been based on the ability of these strains to survive in human blood. In addition, cross-reactions between group A and group G streptococci have been demonstrated, but they have relied either on whole bacterial cell vaccine-induced polyclonal sera or crude protein extracts of these cells. In this study two monoclonal antibodies prepared against the purified, native group A streptococcal M6 protein demonstrated a high degree of cross-reactivity with group G streptococcal clinical isolates (9 and 19 of 22 strains examined, respectively). Ten of these strains exhibited resistance to phagocytosis when rotated in human blood. In addition, immunoblot analysis of crude mutanolysin extracts of group G streptococci with one of the M6 monoclonal antibodies illustrated a remarkable similarity in the protein pattern of these extracts as compared with those of group A streptococcal M protein. The immunoblots further ...
7.24.14. Selective Micro Technologies demonstrated pure chlorine dioxide successfully kills Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at greater than 99.9999%. The test was also conducted according to EPA registration standards using active ingredient at the lowest certified limit (LCL). Test demonstrated successful efficacy at 10 minute contact time. According to CDC, CRE, which stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, are a family of germs that are difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics. Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are examples of Enterobacteriaceae, a normal part of the human gut bacteria, that can become carbapenem-resistant. CRE bacteria are highly contagious and marked by severe illness or even death. For more information click here.. ...
Three crystal structures of GH117 family have been reported. Two are enzymes from marine bacteria, one from Saccharophagus degradans (PDB: 3R4Y) [4] and one from Zobellia galactanivorans (PDB: 3P2N) [3], the third one is from the human gut bacterium Bacteroidetes plebeius (PDB: 4AK5) [5]. GH117 adopts a five-bladed β-propeller fold and forms a dimer via domain-swapping of the N-terminal HTH (Helix-Turn-Helix) domain (Figure 3) [3]. Interestingly, previous sequences reported from Vibrio sp. JT0107 and Bacillus sp. MK03 contain the conserved domain-swapping signature SxAxxR in the HTH domain. Consistently, these proteins were reported to form multimers (a dimer and an octamer respectively), based on calibrated gel filtration estimations [1, 2]. In contrast, RB13146 (Clade B) lacks the domain-swapping signature, in which the crucial residues are missing. This enzyme from R. baltica thus likely occurs as a monomer and may represent an ancestral form of the GH117 family, which would be limited to ...
The purpose of this study was to compare KOH, culture and CFW stain in the diagnosis of superficial mycoses and to determine their sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Clinically diagnosed 100 superficial fungal infection cases (males 56 and Female 44) age ranged 25 to 55yrs formed the study group. This is in collaboration with department of Dermatology, Victoria Hospital Bangalore. The study was conducted in Microbiology department AIMS BG Nagara. Samples from skin, nail and hair were collected as per individual symptomotology. Samples were processed using CFW stain, KOH and culture. Result: Of the 100 cases, T.corporis (62) was the commonest clinical type followed by T.cruris(14), onycomycoses(12), T.versicolor(5), T.pedis(4), T.capitis (2) and T.faceie(1). KOH was positive in 82, culture in 78 and CFW in 84 case. Culture isolates were dermatophytes in 64 (82.05%) and yeast like fungi in 14 (17.94%). T.rubrum (64.06%) was the commonest followed by T.gypseum (17.18%), ...
Lithium chloride suppresses the growth of Enterococci in the medium, as Enterococci can also hydrolyze esculin also. Enzymatic digest of animal tissues, casein, meat extract and yeast extract provide the essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, nitrogen and carbon, while sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. The selective components acriflavine and nalidixic acid are blended into the base powder and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. Ferric ammonium citrate is added to the tempered broth after sterilization. According to ISO 11290-1:2017, the test portion is inoculated into the primary enrichment medium Half Fraser (Demi-Fraser) Broth (ISO), followed by secondary enrichment in Fraser Broth (ISO) and then sub-cultured onto Harlequin Listeria Chromogenic Agar according to Ottaviani & Agosti (NCM1004). The medium conforms to the performance and formulation requirements of ISO 11290-1:2017 ...
Lithium chloride suppresses the growth of Enterococci in the medium, as Enterococci can also hydrolyze esculin also. Enzymatic digest of animal tissues, casein, meat extract and yeast extract provide the essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, nitrogen and carbon, while sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance. The selective components acriflavine and nalidixic acid are blended into the base powder and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. Ferric ammonium citrate is added to the tempered broth after sterilization. According to ISO 11290-1:2017, the test portion is inoculated into the primary enrichment medium Half Fraser (Demi-Fraser) Broth (ISO), followed by secondary enrichment in Fraser Broth (ISO) and then sub-cultured onto Harlequin Listeria Chromogenic Agar according to Ottaviani & Agosti (NCM1004). The medium conforms to the performance and formulation requirements of ISO 11290-1:2017 ...
Summary: Biochemical, menaquinone, fatty acid and DNA analyses were conducted on a number of streptococci of serological group D. The results indicate that S. faecalis, S. faecium, S. casseliflavus and taxa previously designated S. avium, S. durans and S. faecalis var. malodoratus are distinct species. Strains previously labelled S. faecium var. mobilis were shown to be identical with S. casseliflavus. The results also indicate that some group D streptococci recently isolated from chickens constitute a new species.
Breast cancer (BC) is a persistent and impulsive metabolic disorder with the highest prevalence in women, worldwide. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a potent polyaromatic hydrocarbon...
Name: Pseudomonas vesicularis (Büsing et al. 1953) Galarneault and Leifson 1964 (Approved Lists 1980). Category: Species. Proposed as: comb. nov.. Basonym: Corynebacterium vesiculare Büsing et al. 1953 Etymology: ve.si.cu.laris L. fem. dim. n. vesicula, a little blister, vesicle; L. masc./fem. adj. suff. -aris, suffix denoting pertaining to; N.L. masc./fem. adj. vesicularis, pertaining to a vesicle Gender: feminine Type strain: ATCC 11426; BCRC 11012; CCM 3398; CCRC 11012; CCUG 2032; CCUG 28332; CCUG 28333; CFBP 3032; CIP 101035; DSM 7226; DSM 7233; IAM 12105; IFO 12165; JCM 1477; LMG 2350; NBRC 12165; NCCB 76049; NCIB 1945; NCIMB 1945; NCMB 1945; NCTC 10900; VKM B-974 See detailed strain information at ...
Sodium Sulfide Spot Test Definition - A sodium sulfide spot test is a localized chemical test to detect any concentration of lead in a coating...
CRC is the third most common cancer in men and women and is the third leading cause of cancer death (39, 40). Thus, the causes and methods of preventing and treating colon cancer are a high priority. In particular, abnormal activation of Wnt signaling has been tightly linked to colon cancer. Therefore, identifying small molecules targeting Wnt signaling is a promising preventive or treatment strategy against cancer.. In the current study, we identified a natural product, esculetin, as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Previously, the inhibitory effect of esculetin on cell proliferation in many cell lines has been reported (32, 33, 43, 44). However, the molecular mechanism of the antiproliferation effect of esculetin against colon cancer cells is not clearly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that esculetin could disrupt the interaction between β-catenin and Tcf by targeting β-catenin, leading to suppression of the proliferation of three different colon cancer cell lines ...
Rapid methods of identifying Lancefield group B streptococci were compared to the standard Fullers extraction method. Such tests as sodium hippurate hydrolysis, bile tolerance, aesculin hydrolysis, pyruvate fermentation, Camp factor, pigmentation, and bacitracin haemolysis were tested on both routine clinical specimens and National Collection of Type Culture strains. The results show that pigmentation on Islamss medium was the most definitive test available rapidly to identify group B streptococci.. ...
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Atopobium parvulum (strain ATCC 33793 / DSM 20469 / JCM 10300 / VPI 0546) is a non-motile and obligate anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium. A.parvulum is of high interest because it is frequently isolated from the human oral cavity, especially from the tongue dorsum, where it is associated with patients suffering from halitosis (oral malodor). It is not found to be significantly associated with chronic periodontitis, though a participation in periodontitis can not be fully excluded. Nevertheless, it is associated with odontogenic infections, e.g. dental implants, but also with the saliva of healthy subjects. A. parvulum is susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. It produces acid (final pH 4.7) from cellobiose, esculin, fructose, galactose, glucose, inulin, lactose, maltose, mannose, salicin, sucrose, and trehalose; erythritol and xylose are weakly fermented. (Adapted from PMID 21304653). An erratum has been published, PMID 21304720. (EBI Integr8 ...
Chemical suicides on the rise. This new suicide phenomenon began in Japan in 2007. Japanese authorities have reported over 2,000 cases of chemical suicides. Chemical suicides, also known as detergent suicides, involves the mixing of household chemical to create a deadly gas. Authorities in the United States, reported only three chemical suicides in 2008. The number increased to […]. ...
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Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Terrabacteria group; Firmicutes; Bacilli; Lactobacillales; Streptococcaceae; Streptococcus; Streptococcus infantarius; Streptococcus infantarius subsp. ...
Salicin(Salicoside, Salicine) is an alcoholic β-glycoside that contains D-glucose. Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent that is produced from willow bark. Find all the information about Salicin (Salicoside, Salicine) for cell signaling research.
국내 연구팀이 FDA 허가약물 1,000여종을 검색하여 B형 간염 바이러스의 복제를 억제하는 약물 시클로피록스를 발굴했다. 시클로피록스(Ciclopirox)는 합성 항진균제로 진균에 감염됐을 때 사용되는 피부치료제로 FDA의 허가를 받았다. (Ciclopirox: Synthetic antifungal agent for topical dermatologic treatment of superficial mycoses) 연구팀은 전임상연구로 시클로피록스가 B형 간염 바이러스를 이루는 단백질 입자들의 조립을 억제하고, 이로 인해 정상적인 B형 간염바이러스의 생성이 억제되는 것을 규명했다. 출처(매일경제): https://www.mk.co.kr/news/it/view/2019/05/335875/ 시클로피록스(Ciclopirox) 구조정보(drugbank) : https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01188 [ⓒ 매일경제 & mk.co.kr, 무단전재 및 재배포 금지] 링크 : https://www.mk.co.kr/news/it/view/2019/05/335875/