TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of fimbrial gene clusters and their expression in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli O157:H7. AU - Low, A. AU - Holden, N. AU - Rosser, T. AU - Roe, AJ. AU - Constantinidou, C. AU - Hobman, J. AU - Smith, DGE. AU - Low, JC. AU - Gally, D. N1 - 660007 66000010 wp2.2. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. KW - Escherichia coli O157. KW - Fimbrial gene clusters. M3 - Article. VL - 8. SP - 1033. EP - 1047. JO - Environmental Microbiology. JF - Environmental Microbiology. SN - 1462-2912. ER - ...

Garmendia, Junkal, Phillips, Alan D., Carlier, Marie-France, Chong, Yuwen, Schuller, Stephanie, Marches, Olivier, Dahan, Sivan, Oswald, Eric, Shaw, Rob K., Knutton, Stuart and Frankel, Gad (2004) TccP is an enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 type III effector protein that couples Tir to the actin-cytoskeleton. Cellular Microbiology, 6 (12). pp. 1167-1183. ISSN 1462-5814 Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Long polar fimbriae of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157. T2 - H7 bind to extracellular matrix proteins. AU - Farfan, Mauricio J.. AU - Cantero, Lidia. AU - Vidal, Roberto. AU - Botkin, Douglas J.. AU - Torres, Alfredo. PY - 2011/9. Y1 - 2011/9. N2 - Adherence to intestinal cells is a key process in infection caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Several adhesion factors that mediate the binding of EHEC to intestinal cells have been described, but the receptors involved in their recognition are not fully characterized. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins might act as receptors involved in the recognition of enteric pathogens, including EHEC. In this study, we sought to characterize the binding of EHEC O157:H7 to ECM proteins commonly present in the intestine. We found that EHEC prototype strains as well as other clinical isolates adhered more abundantly to surfaces coated with fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV. Further characterization of this phenotype, ...

Expression of the genes in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is primarily coordinated by expression of the LEE1 operon. GrlA is a LEE-encoded transcription regulator that has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of expression of the LEE1 operon. We describe a simple plasmid-based system to investigate the LEE1 operon regulatory region and to study GrlA-dependent effects. We report that GrlA can activate transcription initiation at the LEE1 P1 promoter by binding to a target located within the 18 base pair spacer between the promoter 10 and 35 elements, which were defined by mutational analysis. Shortening this spacer to 17 base pairs increases P1 promoter activity and short-circuits GrlA dependent activation. Hence, at the P1 promoter, the action of GrlA resembles that of many MerR family transcription activators at their target promoters ...

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) survives exposure to acute acid stress during gastric passage and progresses to colonize the large intestine. We previously reported that acid stress significantly increases host adhesion of EHEC O157 : H7 and is associated with a coincident upregulation of the expression of a putative adhesin gene, yadK. Further gene expression analysis now confirms that yadK is minimally transcribed under unstressed conditions and is significantly upregulated under acid stress. Immunoblotting with an anti-YadK polyclonal antiserum demonstrates that YadK protein is also upregulated after acid stress. Disruption of yadK results in loss of the acid-induced adhesion increase seen for wild-type EHEC to human epithelial cells in vitro and complementation in trans fully restores the acid-induced adhesion phenotype to the wild-type level. Significantly, no difference is observed in adhesion of the unstressed yadK mutant relative to wild-type, indicating that YadK does not play a role

Purpose: The expression levels of seven genes (clpB, dnaK, groES, grpE, htpG, htpX and ibpB) encoding heat shock proteins (HSP) in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) gamma irradiated was investigated. Timing impact of post-irradiated RNA extn. on the expression levels of these seven genes was also studied at a dose damaging the bacterial cells (0.4 kGy). Methods: Bacterial samples were γ-irradiated at 0.4 kGy and at a LD of 1.3 kGy. RNA was extd. at 0 min post irradn. for both irradn. doses and at 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 min post-irradn. at the dose damaging the cells. Quantification of the gene expression was performed using quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Results: The expression of genes encoding HSP was a very dynamic process evolving rapidly when E. coli cells were irradiated at 0.4 kGy. Notably, groES, grpE and ibpB were more up- regulated at 1.3 kGy than those at 0.4 kGy. Conclusions: For the seven genes studied there were more damaged proteins during irradn. at the ...

PubMed journal article: The Shiga toxin 2 production level in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is correlated with the subtypes of toxin-encoding phage. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

We examined 30 children with classical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) for the presence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains in stool samples and determined the specific immune response to O157 lipopolysaccharide in acute-phase serum samples from these patients. EHEC O157 strains were isolated from stool samples of 18 (60%) of the patients, and non-O157 EHEC strains were isolated from 5 (17%) of the patients. For O157 strain isolation from stools, we introduced a selective enrichment step using O157-specific antibodies attached to paramagnetic particles (immunomagnetic separation [IMS] method). This procedure allowed the detection of O157 strains at 10(2) CFU/g of stool in the presence of 10(7) coliform background flora organisms. By using IMS followed by plating on sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar and cefixime-tellurite SMAC (CT-SMAC) agar, O157 strains were detected in 18 samples, whereas colony hybridization detected a subset of 12 positive samples and direct culture on CT-SMAC ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tracking verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157, O26, O111, O103 and O145 in Irish cattle. AU - Thomas, K M. AU - McCann, M S. AU - Collery, M M. AU - Whyte, P. AU - McDowell, D.A.. AU - Duffy, G. N1 - Reference text: Acheson, D.W., Reidl, J., Zhang, X., Keusch, G.T., Mekalanos, J.J., Waldor, M.K., 1998. In vivo transduction with shiga toxin 1-encoding phage. Infection and Immunity 66, 4496-4498. Anon, 1997. Clean Cattle Policy. Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, Dublin. Arthur, T.M., Bosilevac, J.M., Nou, X., Shackelford, S.D., Wheeler, T.L., Kent, M.P., Jaroni, D., Pauling, B., Allen, D.M., Koohmaraie, M., 2004. Escherichia coli O157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli O157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants. Journal of Food Protection 67, 658-665. Baird, B.E., Lucia, L.M., Acuff, G.R., Harris, K.B., Savell, J.W., 2006. Beef hide antimicrobial interventions as a means of reducing bacterial ...

An ongoing outbreak of exceptionally virulent Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 centered in Germany, has caused over 830 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 46 deaths since May 2011. Serotype O104:H4, which has not been detected in animals, has rarely been associated with HUS in the past. To prospectively elucidate the unique characteristics of this strain in the early stages of this outbreak, we applied whole genome sequencing on the Life Technologies Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencer and Optical Mapping to characterize one outbreak isolate (LB226692) and a historic O104:H4 HUS isolate from 2001 (01-09591). Reference guided draft assemblies of both strains were completed with the newly introduced PGM™ within 62 hours. The HUS-associated strains both carried genes typically found in two types of pathogenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Phylogenetic analyses of 1,144 core E. coli genes indicate that the HUS-causing O104:H4 strains

An ongoing outbreak of exceptionally virulent Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 centered in Germany, has caused over 830 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 46 deaths since May 2011. Serotype O104:H4, which has not been detected in animals, has rarely been associated with HUS in the past. To prospectively elucidate the unique characteristics of this strain in the early stages of this outbreak, we applied whole genome sequencing on the Life Technologies Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencer and Optical Mapping to characterize one outbreak isolate (LB226692) and a historic O104:H4 HUS isolate from 2001 (01-09591). Reference guided draft assemblies of both strains were completed with the newly introduced PGM™ within 62 hours. The HUS-associated strains both carried genes typically found in two types of pathogenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Phylogenetic analyses of 1,144 core E. coli genes indicate that the HUS-causing O104:H4 strains

Ethiopia bears the largest burden of foodborne diseases in Africa, and diarrheal diseases are the second leading causes of premature deaths. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 causes an asymptomatic infection to severe diarrhea and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. A total of 440 beef carcass and in-contact surface swabs from 55 butcher shops and 85 minced beef samples from 40 restaurants in central Ethiopia were collected and examined for the presence of E. coli O157. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify E. coli O157 and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. E. coli O157 was detected in 4.5% carcass swabs (n = 5) and 3.6% cutting board swabs (n = 4) samples from butcher shops. E. coli O157 was not detected in any of the minced beef samples obtained from restaurants. All isolates (n = 9) were 100% susceptible to five drugs, but five isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, two isolates to streptomycin and three

In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the p gene contained within a 5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment cloned from Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II)-converting phage 933W of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933. The p gene was 702 bp long and had 95.3% sequence similarity to the p gene of phage lambda. Multiple hybridization patterns were obtained when genomic DNA fragments were hybridized with both p and slt-I, slt-II, or slt-IIc sequences. All O157 isolates also possessed an analog of lambda gene p which was not linked with either slt-I or slt-II. Restriction fragment length polymorphism comparisons of clinical O157 isolates and derivates undergoing genotype turnover during infection were made, and loss of large DNA fragments that hybridized with slt-II and p sequences was observed. To further analyze the DNA region containing the p and slt genes, we amplified fragments by using a PCR with one primer complementary to p and the other complementary to either the slt-I or the slt-II ...

Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections: Discordance between filterable fecal Shiga toxin and disease outcome. Cornick NA, Jelacic S, Ciol MA, Tarr PI. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002;186:57-63. ABSTRACT:. Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Children less than 10 years of age in the U.S. Pacific Northwest region were studied to determine whether Stx was detectable and neutralizable by specific antibodies to Stx1 and Stx2. Filterable Stx was detected in the stools of 48% of children in the uncomplicated group and 40% in the pre-HUS group. Only one of six stools from children with HUS, which is often accompanied by diminished fecal output, had detectable filterable fecal Stx. The average number of days of illness was similar for the children with positive and negative filtrates. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of fecal E. coli O157H:7 and the titer of fecal Stx. In childrens stool ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after application of lactic acid bacteria. AU - Echeverry, Alejandro. AU - Gragg, Sara E. AU - Echeverry, Alejandro. AU - Brashears, Mindy. PY - 2018/8/24. Y1 - 2018/8/24. N2 - ABSTRACT Background Establishing novel preharvest intervention strategies for leafy green growers is of critical need with the rise in foodborne outbreaks associated with these products. Recent studies have shown that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to reduce the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in various food matrices. Electrostatic application of organic acids has been shown to be effective as a postharvest safety intervention to reduce E.coli O157:H7 on leafy greens. The effect of LAB electrostatically applied and sprinkler irrigated once over a 4 week growth cycle was evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 on spinach. Results The results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 when applied once during the 4 week growth cycle will survive in the soil and spinach leaves at ...

Findings: Cattle can carry E. coli O157:H7 in their gastrointestinal tracts. Cattle also carry bacterial viruses (phage) that specifically kill E. coli O157:H7. It has been suggested that we use these phage to kill unwanted E. coli O157:H7 before cattle are slaughtered. We isolated 30 phage that killed E. coli O157:H7 from commercial feedlot cattle feces. We used these phage to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in sheep. We reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations approximately 100-fold in the gastrointestinal tract. We also found that adding more phage is not necessarily better, a lower dose of phage was more effective in killing E. coli O157:H7 than a 100-fold higher dose. We found that phage treatment was most effective against E. coli O157:H7 in the 24 hours immediately following treatment. These results indicate that phage could be used as a method to reduce E. coli O157:H7 in cattle before slaughter, but unfortunately, phage treatment is not the �ultimate� solution that we in the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Carvacrol facilitates heat-induced inactivation of escherichia coli O157. T2 - H7 and inhibits formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled ground beef patties. AU - Friedman, Mendel. AU - Zhu, Libin. AU - Feinstein, Yelena. AU - Ravishankar, Sadhana. PY - 2009/3/11. Y1 - 2009/3/11. N2 - Heating meat at high temperature and/or for a long time to kill foodborne pathogens increases the formation of potentially carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. To overcome this problem, 1% carvacrol, the main ingredient of oregano oil widely used in salad dressings, was added to ground beef, which was mixed well and then inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Beef patties were then prepared and heat-treated on a preheated electrical skillet to reach an internal temperature of 65, 70, or 80 °C at the cold spot. Samples were enumerated for surviving E. coli O157:H7 population by plating on appropriate media. Heterocyclic amines (MeIQ, MeIQx, and PhIP) were extracted from ground beef using solid ...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen and infection with this organism causes illnesses such as bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.Considering the lack of any information about the prevalence rate and the antibiotic resistance pattern of O157:H7 serotype in Tabriz, finding answers to the above mentioned subjects was among the goals of this study.Two hundred E. coli strains from diarrheal or non-diarrheal stools of outpatients and hospitalized cases in Tabriz Imam Reza hospital were isolated between September and December 2014 using MacConkey agar and standard biochemical tests and then cultured on sorbitol MacConkey agar. The sorbitol-negative isolates were confirmed as the O157 serotype using O157 antisera. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for the detection of stx-1, stx-2, eae, and mdh genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of these isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method and clinical and

TY - JOUR. T1 - Insertion element IS3-based PCR method for subtyping Escherichia coli O157. T2 - H7. AU - Thompson, Curt J.. AU - Daly, Claire. AU - Barrett, Timothy J.. AU - Getchell, Jane P.. AU - Gilchrist, Mary J R. AU - Loeffelholz, Mike J.. PY - 1998/5. Y1 - 1998/5. N2 - An Escherichia coli O157:H7 subtyping method based on PCR amplification of variable DNA sequences between the repetitive element IS3 was developed. Template DNA was prepared by boiling cells in Chelex. Two separate IS3 PR amplifications were performed for each isolate: one with a single primer (primer IS3A) and one with two primers (primers IS3A and IS3B). The IS3 PCR subtyping method was applied to 35 epidemiologically related and unrelated E. coli O157:H7 isolates that had been previously characterized by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE identified 25 different subtypes (difference of one or more bands). PCR with single-primer IS3A and primer pair IS3A-IS3B identified 6 and 14 different subtypes, ...

Escherichia coli O157 strains have emerged as important human enteric pathogens. Strains that express the O-antigen 157 are commonly associated with severe clinical manifestations, including bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. E. coli O157 strains may be transmitted in a variety of ways, including food, water and person-to-person or animal-to-person contact. Fecal contamination is one source of environmental contamination and is responsible for the presence of these pathogens in the environment. We used a specific and sensitive PCR assay based on the rfbE gene to detect low levels of these pathogens in wastewater. The set of primers used was designed to amplify an intragenic segment of the rfbE gene. The amplification assay detected 200 CFU of E. coli O157 in pure water. The prevalence of E. coli O157 in the effluents of 44 wastewater treatment plants was determined (7%).

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen of animal origin, and as few as 10 cells can cause serious human illness and even death (22, 32). Outbreaks due to E. coli O157:H7 contamination in water and food still occur (1, 14), making it important to monitor this pathogen in water and food.. E. coli O157:H7 can readily adapt to and survive under a wide range of environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, low pH, and desiccation (1, 16). This bacterium can live in laboratory media mimicking environmental conditions as well as in environmental samples, such as water, food, soil, and manure (41). Several outbreaks are attributed to the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in ground water, surface water, and private drinking water supplies (9, 20). Recent microbiological studies demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 and other bacteria may become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) when exposed to sublethal stresses, such as changes in temperature, available nutrients, or pH or exposure to chlorine ...

The often-noted and persistent increased incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in rural areas is not well understood. We used a cohort of E. coli O157:H7 cases reported in Washington, USA, during 2005-2014, along with phylogenomic characterization of the infecting isolates, to identify geographic segregation of and temporal trends in specific phylogenetic lineages of E. coli O157:H7. Kernel estimation and generalized additive models demonstrated that pathogen lineages were spatially segregated during the period of analysis and identified a focus of segregation spanning multiple, predominantly rural, counties for each of the main clinical lineages, Ib, IIa, and IIb. These results suggest the existence of local reservoirs from which humans are infected. We also noted a secular increase in the proportion of lineage IIa and IIb isolates. Spatial segregation by phylogenetic lineage offers the potential to identify local reservoirs and intervene to prevent continued transmission.

Uncurated}} {{Biorealm Genus}} ==Classification== Bacteria; Protebacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia; E. coli (3) ==Description and significance== Escherichia coli (E. coli) were first discovered in 1885 by Theodor Escherich, a German bacteriologist. E. coli in human large intestine can assist with waste processing and food absorption, but not all E. coli are helpful to humans, other stains are infectious. A pathogenic strain of E. coli is E. coli O157:H7, a member of the enterohemorrhahic E. coli group and lives in cattles intestines. E. coli O157:H7 produces Shiga toxins, causing severe illness by contaminated meat (2). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first identified as a human pathogen in 1982 in the United States of America, following an outbreak of bloody diarrhea associated with contaminated hamburger meat. In 2006, there was an outbreak involving raw spinach, with 199 illnesses, 102 hospitalizations, 31 hemolytic uremic syndrome, a severe ...

1997年6月に岡山県下のR-病院で腸管出血性大腸菌EHEC O157 : H7による集団食中毒が発生した｡その患者および食材である日本そばから分離されたEHEC O157 : H7の菌株をパルスフィールドゲル電気泳動法(PFGE)を使用して遺伝子解析を行った｡13名の患者から分離された菌株の遺伝子型は日本 そばから分離された菌株と一致した｡従って日本そばから分散されたEHEC O157 : H7が集団食中毒の原因であることが解った｡さらにこれらの菌株の遺伝子型は1996年に広島県および福岡県の西日本に集団食中毒が発生した菌株のタイプIa型と類似していた｡このことはこの遺伝子タイプの類似した菌株の感染が西日本で去年から広がっていることを示している ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Ten years experience of Escherichia coli O157 infection in Scotland (1984-1993). AU - Coia, JE. AU - Curnow, J. AU - Reilly, WJ. AU - Synge, BA. AU - Sharp, JCM. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. KW - Escherichia coli O157. KW - Infection. KW - Scotland. M3 - Article. VL - 29. SP - 3. EP - 4. JO - Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH) Weekly Report. JF - Scottish Centre for Infection & Environmental Health (SCIEH) Weekly Report. ER - ...

Characterization of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak Strain Whose Shiga Toxin 2 Gene Is Inactivated by IS1203v Insertion. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2013;66(3):201-6 Authors: Asano Y, Karasudani T, Tanaka H, Matsumoto J, Okada M, Nakamura K, Kondo H, Shinomiya H Abstract A total of 12 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains were isolated during a recent outbreak in a...

Coli O157:H7 contamination in beef from the time it is ground until the time it is ready to be prepared for consumption. Various factors can affect how much E. coli O157:H7 growth, if any, occurs during this time: the storage time and temperature (including effects of freezing), the fat content, the strain of E. coli O157:H7, and the packaging. To model growth of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, three assumptions are made. • All areas of a product are at the same temperature. • All E. coli O157:H7 strains exhibit the same growth characteristics in any ground-beef product. Coli O157:H7 infection has the potential to induce serious illness and cause death, it is not possible to conduct dose-response testing on human subjects; the model must rely on information accumulated from other sources to make the calculations in this module. To determine how many cases of E. coli O157:H7-induced illness occur in the United States annually, information was gathered from the 1996- 1999 Emerging Infections ...

Recently, foodborne diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella have been increasingly associated with the consumption of fresh produce. Consumers demand for safe, natural products has led to research on natural antimicrobials for effective control of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce, which can be inadvertently contaminated by soil. Therefore, there is a need to control microbial loads in soil to minimize contamination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, Ecotrol®, eugenol, Sporan® and acetic acid against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in organic soil, and to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of cinnamaldehyde and Sporan® alone, or in combination with acetic acid against E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and the native microflora of iceberg, romaine and spinach leaves. The quality parameters of the treated fresh produce were monitored, whereas the modes of action of cinnamaldehyde and Sporan® were investigated. The ...

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4E8C12 has been previously reported to recognise low mol. wt proteins from enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H11. Crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from proteinase K-digested bacterial suspensions reacted in Western blots with MAb 4E8C12, as did highly purified LPS from O157:H7 strains. The material recognised by this antibody was, therefore, LPS. The LPS epitope was identified by a whole-cell ELISA in several EHEC, verotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) and verotoxin-negative strains in addition to E. coli serotypes O157:H7 and O26: H11. Acriflavine and bile salts enhanced the production or availability of the epitope at the cell surface and in culture supernates. These data indicate that the presence of the epitope did not correlate with the virulence of these organisms.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important human pathogen of worldwide importance that has been implicated in several outbreaks, and its antibiotic resistance is increasing (1, 2). The indiscriminate use of antibiotics results in the emergence of resistant bacterial strains (3), and the development of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative strategies to combat pathogenic bacteria. Phages can be used as biocontrol agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (4).. We report the characterization of the complete genome sequence of the E. coli O157:H7 phage phiJLA23. This phage was isolated from a farm animal feces sample from the Culiacan Valley, Mexico, and showed high lytic activity on various strains of E. coli O157. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genomic sequencing of a coliphage isolated in Mexico. The phage DNA was isolated from purified phage particles by the phenol-chloroform method described by Sambrook and Russell (5) and was sequenced using the GS Junior ...

In our paper (1), we analyzed isolates from the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Germany and France in May to July 2011. We concluded that, although the German outbreak was larger, the German isolates represent a clade within the greater diversity of the French outbreak. We proposed several hypotheses to explain these findings, including that the lineage leading to the German outbreak went through a narrow bottleneck that purged diversity. Guy et al. (2) report the genomes of eight additional E. coli O104:H4 isolates sampled from the German outbreak. By focusing on the numbers of SNPs in their samples, they suggest that the German outbreak is more diverse than we reported and is similar to the French outbreak. In fact, Guy et al.s data (2) strongly support our conclusion that the German outbreak represents a clade within the diversity ...

article{94637ed4-e20b-42af-8d9d-bc94eeba13cc, abstract = {,p,Synthesis of the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from E. coli O133 has been accomplished with rational protecting group manipulations on commercially available monosaccharides and stereoselective glycosylations through a convergent protocol. A late stage TEMPO mediated oxidation is used to install the required uronic acid moiety. Chloroacetate group is used extensively as a temporary protecting group.,/p,}, author = {Mitra, Ankita and Mukhopadhyay, Balaram}, issn = {1434-193X}, language = {eng}, month = {08}, number = {30}, pages = {4869--4878}, publisher = {John Wiley & Sons}, series = {European Journal of Organic Chemistry}, title = {Convergent Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit of the O-Antigenic OPS of Escherichia coli O133}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201900815}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.201900815}, volume = {2019}, year = {2019 ...

In May of 2011, an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain that had acquired a Shiga toxin 2-converting phage caused a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea in Europe which was notable for its high prevalence of hemolytic uremic syndrome cases. Several studies have described the genomic invent …

Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively) genomes contain a pathogenicity island, termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes genes involved in the formation of attaching and effacing lesions on epithelial cells. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the LEE genes in EHEC, an EHEC O157 genomic library was screened for clones which modulated expression of the LEE genes. From more than 5000 clones, a DNA fragment was obtained containing a perC homologue as a positive regulator for the LEE genes. In EPEC, perC is known to be part of the per operon, along with perA and perB, located on the EPEC adherence factor plasmid, which is not found in EHEC. However, the complete genome sequence of EHEC O157 Sakai strain reveals that there are five perC-like sequences, but no perA and perB, on the chromosome. These five perC homologues were characterized, and it was found that three of the homologues (renamed perC homologue pchA, pchB and pchC)

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This study comprises two parts: part one was conducted to isolate E.coli O157: H7 from children in Pediatric Hospital of Karballa city. The bacteria were identified by bacteriological, biochemical and serological methods.( 14 )isolates of E.coli O157:H7 isolated from children with diarrhea (230) and children had urinary tract infection(200) were isolated. Part two of the study was included detection of antibodies against E.coli O157:H7 somatic (inactivated bacterium by heating) and flagellar (inactivated bacterium by formaldehyde) antigens in rabbits by using ELISA test. Twelve adult healthy rabbits were divided randomly for three equal groups A, B and C used for immunization study. All rabbits had negative fecal bacteriological culture of E.coli O157:H7 and serum was collected before immunization. Serum antibodies titers were estimated by using ELISA and tube agglutination test pre and post each immunization. No antibody titers were detected Pre immunization in all rabbits. Elisa test

The potential translocation of E. coli O157:H7 from the surface to the interior of whole muscle by blade tenderization was evaluated. Beef top sirloin subprimals were inoculated with 106 or 103 cfu/cm2 and passed once through a Ross blade tenderization unit. Core samples showed a translocation of 3 to 4% of surface inoculum to the geometric center of the subprimal. A second study evaluated thermal destruction of E. coli O157:H7 in blade tenderized (BT) steaks compared to nontenderized (NT) steaks of three thicknesses when ovenbroiled. Subprimal surfaces were inoculated to a level of 107 cfu/cm2 and blade tenderized. Steaks cut from these subprimals were ovenbroiled to internal temperatures from 120 to 170°F, then analyzed for surviving E. coli O157:H7. At internal steak temperatures of 140°F and higher, all E. coli O157:H7 were killed in both BT and NT steaks of all thicknesses. At 130°F, about 5 log reductions were noted for both BT and NT. With oven broiling to even moderate internal ...

Development of an immunomagnetic bead-immunoliposome fluorescence assay for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in aqueous samples and comparison of the assay with a standard microbiological method

The formation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced by high-pressure CO2 (HPCD) was investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomics and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic methods. The analyses revealed that 97 genes and 56 proteins were significantly changed upon VBNC state entry. Genes and proteins related to membrane transport, central metabolisms, DNA replication, and cell division were mainly downregulated in the VBNC cells. This caused low metabolic activity concurrently with a division arrest in cells, which may be related to VBNC state formation. Cell division repression and outer membrane overexpression were confirmed to be involved in VBNC state formation by homologous expression of z2046 coding for transcriptional repressor and ompF encoding outer membrane protein F. Upon VBNC state entry, pyruvate catabolism in the cells shifted from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle toward the fermentative route; this led ...

Selection and characterization of a candidate therapeutic bacteriophage that lyses the **Escherichia coli** O104:H4 strain from the 2011 outbreak in Germany ...

View Escherichia coli O157:H7; EDL933, titered (1 mL) 0801622 from our online collection of viruses, microorganisms, and other products for infectious disease diagnostic development. Browse our larger selection of Microorganisms,Microorganisms,Microorganisms for Assay Developers,Research and Development,Clinical Laboratories products from ZeptoMetrix.

A method for capture and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using polymer-immobilized phage. Research. Center for Food Safety Engineering.

Read Genomic analysis of bacteriophage PBECO4 infecting Escherichia coli O157:H7, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

We assessed the societal costs and benefits of a subtype-specific surveillance system for identifying outbreak-associated Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Using data from Colorado, we estimated that if it averted five cases annually, the system would recover all its costs.

Elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meats by gamma irradiation.: Undercooked and raw meat has been linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic diarrhea due to the

PCR-based DNA amplification and presumptive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with an internal fluorogenic probe and the 5 nuclease (TaqMan) assay

The recent outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome in northern Germany, 2011, the largest to date, underscored the threat to public health of such pathogens.1 Diarrhoea associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome is characterised by the triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. In the outbreak in Germany, 855 of 3842 people infected with enterohaemorrhagic E coli developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome.2 Adults, especially healthy middle aged women, were predominantly affected (90%), probably because of the source of the infection (fenugreek sprouts). The second largest outbreak was considerably smaller and occurred in Scotland, when 34 of 512 (279 confirmed) people infected with enterohaemorrhagic E coli O157:H7 developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome; 28 were adults.3 4 The 22% incidence rate of haemolytic uraemic syndrome was higher than the 1-15% typically reported in other outbreaks of enterohaemorrhagic E ...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an emerging cause of food-borne illness. After ingestion of contaminated food, humans can develop symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to the severe, and at times life-threatening, condition hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Currently, EHEC is the most common cause of pediatric renal failure in the United States (15). Besides causing significant human disease, EHEC is a major economic burden due to the high cost associated with the recall of contaminated beef (www.fsis.usda.gov/FSIS_Recalls/index.asp). Several EHEC serotypes cause disease, but the O157 serotype is by far the most common cause of EHEC-related disease in North America, Europe, and Japan (6).. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is composed of lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and repeating O-antigen subunits. The O antigen is covalently linked to the outer region of the core oligosaccharide, and it appears to act as a barrier that can protect enteric ...

A complete Xba I and Bln I cleavage map was constructed for the chromosome of an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strain isolated from an outbreak in Sakai City, Japan, in 1996. A comparative chromosome analysis with E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 was made. The EHEC chromosome was approximately 5600 kb in length, 1 Mb larger than that of MG1655. Despite the marked difference in chromosome length, the location and direction of seven rRNA operons of the EHEC strain were similar to those for MG1655. Overall organization of genes common in both strains is also highly conserved. Chromosome expansion was observed throughout the EHEC chromosome, albeit in an uneven manner. A large portion of the chromosome enlargement was observed in the region surrounding the replication terminus, particularly in a segment containing the terA locus. Sample sequencing of 3627 random shotgun clones suggested the presence of approximately 1550 kb strain-specific DNAs on the EHEC chromosome, most of which are ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Escherichia coli O157. T2 - H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central California coast. AU - Jay-Russell, Michele T. AU - Cooley, Michael. AU - Carychao, Diana. AU - Wiscomb, Gerald W.. AU - Sweitzer, Richard A.. AU - Crawford-Miksza, Leta. AU - Farrar, Jeff A.. AU - Lau, David K.. AU - OConnell, Janice. AU - Millington, Anne. AU - Asmundson, Roderick V.. AU - Atwill, Edward R. AU - Mandrell, Robert E.. PY - 2007/12. Y1 - 2007/12. N2 - We investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with Escherichia coli O157:H7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from California. Isolates from feral swine, cattle, surface water, sediment, and soil at 1 ranch were matched to the outbreak strain.. AB - We investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with Escherichia coli O157:H7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from California. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of a vaccine product containing type III secreted proteins on the probability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 fecal shedding and mucosal colonization in feedlot cattle. AU - Peterson, R. E.. AU - Klopfenstein, T. J.. AU - Moxley, R. A.. AU - Erickson, G. E.. AU - Hinkley, S.. AU - Bretschneider, G.. AU - Berberov, E. M.. AU - Rogan, D.. AU - Smith, D. R.. PY - 2007/11. Y1 - 2007/11. N2 - Preharvest intervention strategies to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle have been sought as a means to reduce human foodborne illness. A blinded clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product on the probability that feedlot steers, under conditions of natural exposure, shed E. coli O157:H7 in feces, are colonized by this organism in the terminal rectum, or develop a humoral response to the respective antigens. Steers (n = 288) were assigned randomly to 36 pens (eight head per pen), and pens were randomized to vaccination treatment in a balanced fashion within six ...

ABSTRACT. Three hundred rectal faecal samples and 213 raw milk samples obtained from the tanks and containers were examined using standard cultural methods. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 11 (3.7 %) of 300 faecal samples and 3 (1.4 %) of 213 raw milk samples. It was determined that 8 (73 %) of E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from faecal samples originated from water buffaloes younger than 2 years of age and 3 (27 %) from 2-year-old and older water buffaloes. This is the 1st isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from faecal and milk samples of water buffaloes in Turkey.. Key words: E. coli O157:H7, faeces, isolation, milk, water buffalo. ...

Escherichia coli O157, a food-borne human pathogen, causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are a major reservoir and the organism resides in the hindgut and is shed in the feces. Cattle feces are a major source of food and water contamination. Houseflies feed on cattle manure and are a source of E. coli O157 transmission. We have observed that houseflies have an affinity for a steam-flaked corn product (SFC-36) made from tempered whole corn that is more ruminally digestible than the traditional SFC (SFC-18). Therefore, we investigated whether SFC-36 diets contained and resulted in higher E. coli concentrations in the feces of cattle compared to SFC-18 diets. Concentrations of E. coli were not different between the two SFC diet samples, but resulted in higher coliforms in diets containing the SFC-36 after exposure to the environment. However, E. coli concentrations in feces from cattle fed the two diets were similar. In fact, cattle fed the diet containing SFC-18 flakes ...

Escherichia coli (E. coli) adalah bakteri yang biasa ditemukan dalam usus manusia dan hewan berdarah panas. Kebanyakan strain E. coli tidak berbahaya. Beberapa strain Namun, seperti Escherichia enterohaemorrhagic E. (EHEC), dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang parah. Hal ini ditularkan ke manusia terutama melalui konsumsi makanan yang terkontaminasi, seperti produk tanah mentah atau kurang matang daging dan…

Clinical features and treatment of children with hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection: experience of an outbreak in Sakai City, 1996. Yoshioka K, Yagi K, Moriguchi N. Pediatrics International 1999;41(2):223-227.. ABSTRACT:. Presented is a study of 15 pediatric patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with hemorrhagic colitis caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7. These cases were encountered during the 1996 outbreak in Sakai, Osaka, Japan. The complete form of HUS, which includes the three characteristics hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal dysfunction, was noted in eight patients, while an incomplete form of HUS, which did not include all three characteristics, was noted in seven patients. The diagnosis and treatment followed the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Nephrology, outlined in this paper. Intravenous gamma-globulin (IgG) was administered in nine patients and dialysis ...

Extreme acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 has raised doubts about the safety of acidic foods. This study examined whether prior storage in acidic and/or cold conditions enhanced survival of E. coli O157:H7 in synthetic gastric fluid (SGF). Three E. coli O157:H7 strains were stored in trypticase soy broth (TSB; acidified with HCl, malic acid, citric acid, or lactic acid) or pH 3.5 and 6.5 (nonacidic control) apple juice at 4 and 21 degrees C for | or = 7 days and then were incubated in pH 2.5 SGF at 37 degrees C for 4 h. Cells survived better in apple juice than in TSB containing organic acids, suggesting that juice constituents other than organic acids protect E. coli O157:H7. Refrigeration combined with low pH best protected cells in apple juice and acidified TSB, but, compared to the nonacidic control, only acidified TSB enhanced subsequent survival in pH 2.5 SGF. Equal survival in SGF occurred after storage in pH 3.5 or 6.5 apple juice at 4 degrees C, suggesting that low temperature alone in

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a virulent pathotype of E. coli that is associated with major outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and the life-threatening kidney disease hemolytic uremic syndrome. For successful host colonization and attachment to the intestinal mucosa, EHEC requires the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type III secretion system (TTSS) responsible for secreting and translocating effector proteins into host colonocytes. Regulation of the LEE is primarily directed through the first operon, LEE1, encoding the locus encoded regulator (Ler), and occurs through the direct and indirect action of several regulators. The 2006 U.S. spinach outbreak of E. coli O157:H7, characterized by unusually severe disease, has been attributed to a strain (TW14359) with enhanced pathogenic potential including elevated virulence gene expression, robust adherence, and the presence of novel virulence factors. Aim 1 of this dissertation proposes a mechanism for

AvR2-V10.3 is an engineered R-type pyocin that specifically kills Escherichia coli O157, an enteric pathogen that is a major cause of food-borne diarrheal disease. New therapeutics to counteract E. coli O157 are needed, as currently available antibiotics can exacerbate the consequences of infection. We show here that orogastric administration of AvR2-V10.3 can prevent or ameliorate E. coli O157:H7-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in an infant rabbit model of infection when the compound is administered either in a postexposure prophylactic regimen or after the onset of symptoms. Notably, administration of AvR2-V10.3 also reduces bacterial carriage and fecal shedding of this pathogen. Our findings support the further development of pathogen-specific R-type pyocins as a way to treat enteric infections. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of the Escherichia coli O59 and O155 O-antigen gene clusters. T2 - The atypical wzx genes are evolutionary related. AU - Guo, Hongjie. AU - Kong, Qingke. AU - Cheng, Jiansong. AU - Wang, Lei. AU - Feng, Lu. PY - 2005/7/15. Y1 - 2005/7/15. N2 - O-antigens are highly polymorphic. The genes specifically involved in O-antigen synthesis are generally grouped together on the chromosome as a gene cluster. In Escherichia coli, the O-antigen gene clusters are characteristically located between the housekeeping genes galF and gnd. In this study, the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O59 and E. coli O155 were sequenced. The former was found to contain genes for GDP-mannose synthesis, glycosyltransferase genes and the O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), while the latter contained only glycosyltransferase genes and wzy. O unit flippase genes (wzx) were found immediately downstream of the gnd gene, in the region between the gnd and hisI genes in these two strains. This atypical ...

Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 are considered virulent extra-intestinal pathogens causing serious clinical complications such as urinary tract infection and bacteraemia. Our main objectives in this study were to characterise the multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates of this lineage in Kuwait, and to demonstrate whether reduced susceptibility is spread clonally. A subset of 83 (10%) non-duplicate and non-selective E. coli O25b-B2-ST131 out of 832 MDR E. coli was identified and collected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the isolates were determined and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for typing. The majority (95.2%) of the 83 E. coli O25b-B2-ST131 harboured at least one bla gene with bla CTX-M-15 being the most prevalent. bla CTX-M-2 was present in one isolate. Also one isolate harboured bla CTX-M-56, qnr B1 and bla CMY-2 genes and carried IncF1 plasmids of about 97kb and160 kb. qnr B and qnr S were found in 8 other bla CTX-M-15 containing isolates. The bla NDM, bla IMP, bla VIM and qnr A

Date: 3/29/2017 Title: Feedlot- and Pen-Level Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic *Escherichia coli* in Feces of Commercial Feedlot Cattle in Two Major U.S. Cattle Feeding Areas ...

PubMed journal article: Risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after sporadic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection: results of a Canadian collaborative study. Investigators of the Canadian Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

TY - JOUR. T1 - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli outwits hosts through sensing small molecules. AU - Carlson-Banning, Kimberly M.. AU - Sperandio, Vanessa. PY - 2018/2/1. Y1 - 2018/2/1. N2 - Small molecules help intestinal pathogens navigate the complex human gastrointestinal tract to exploit favorable microhabitats. These small molecules provide spatial landmarks for pathogens to regulate synthesis of virulence caches and are derived from the host, ingested plant and animal material, and the microbiota. Their concentrations and fluxes vary along the length of the gut and provide molecular signatures that are beginning to be explored through metabolomics and genetics. However, while many small molecules have been identified and are reviewed here, there are undoubtedly others that may also profoundly affect how enteric pathogens infect their hosts.. AB - Small molecules help intestinal pathogens navigate the complex human gastrointestinal tract to exploit favorable microhabitats. These small ...

While it is relatively uncommon, the E. coli serotype O157:H7 can naturally be found in the intestinal contents of some cattle, goats, and even sheep.[10] The digestive tract of cattle lack the Shiga toxin receptor globotriaosylceramide, and thus, these can be asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium.[11] The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in North American feedlot cattle herds ranges from 0 to 60%.[12] Some cattle may also be so-called super-shedders of the bacterium. Super-shedders may be defined as cattle exhibiting rectoanal junction colonization and excreting ,103 to 4 CFU g−1 feces. Super-shedders have been found to constitute a small proportion of the cattle in a feedlot (,10%) but they may account for ,90% of all E. coli O157:H7 excreted.[13]. ...

An Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Outbreak spread through the environment at an Institute for people with intellectual disabilities, Japan, 2005

TY - JOUR. T1 - Changes in heat tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after exposure to acidic environments. AU - Ryu, J. H.. AU - Beuchat, L. R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999/6. Y1 - 1999/6. N2 - Acid-adapted bacterial cells are known to have enhanced tolerance to various secondary stresses. However, a comparison of heat tolerance of acid-adapted and acid-shocked cells of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 has not been reported D- and z-values of acid-adapted, acid-shocked, and control cells of an unusually heat-resistant strain (E0139) of E. coli 0157:H7, as well as two other strains of E. coli 0157:H7, were determined based upon the number of cells surviving heat treatment at 52, 54 or 56°C in tryptic soy broth (pH 7 2) for 0, 10, 20 or 30 min. The unusual heat tolerance of E. coli 0157:H17 strain E0139 was confirmed. D- values for cells from 24-h cultures were 100.2, 28.3, and 6.1 min at 52, 54 and 56°C, respectively, with a z-value of 3.3°C. The ...

Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Microbiology, Veterinary Sciences, MICROBIOLOGY, VETERINARY SCIENCES, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, chicken, persistent infection, avian cell line, adherence, HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME, HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS, SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS, GENOME SEQUENCE, NURSING-HOME, YOUNG CHICKS, COLONIZATION, OUTBREAK, POULTRY, PREVALENCE ...

Protozoa are known to harbor bacterial pathogens, alter their survival in the environment and make them hypervirulent. Rapid non-culture based detection methods are required to determine the environmental survival and transport of enteric pathogens from point sources such as dairies and feedlots to food crops grown in proximity. Grazing studies were performed on a soil isolate of Tetrahymena fed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7 to determine the suitability of the use of such fluorescent prey bacteria to locate and sort bacterivorous protozoa by flow cytometry. In order to overcome autofluorescence of the target organism and to clearly discern Tetrahymena with ingested prey vs. those without, a ratio of prey to host of at least 100:1 was determined to be preferable. Under these conditions, we successfully sorted the two populations using short 5-45 min exposures of the prey and verified the internalization of E. coli O157:H7 cells in protozoa by confocal microscopy.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes by Organic Acid - E. coli O157:H7;S. Enteritidis;L. monocytogenes;Organic acid;MIC;

Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a specialized group of E. coli that can cause severe colonic disease and renal failure. Their pathogenicity derives from virulence factors that enable the bacteria to colonize the colon and deliver extremely powerful toxins known as verotoxins (VT) or Shiga toxins (Stx) to the systemic circulation. The recent devastating E. coli O104:H4 epidemic in Europe has shown how helpless medical professionals are in terms of offering effective therapies. By examining the sources and distribution of these bacteria, and how they cause disease, we will be in a better position to prevent and treat the inevitable future cases of sporadic disease and victims of common source outbreaks. Due to the complexity of pathogenesis, it is likely a multitargeted approach is warranted. Developments in terms of these treatments are discussed. See related article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/11

The pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O78 strain K46, originally isolated from an outbreak of septicemia in neonatal lambs, was investigated in zebrafish embryo and murine models of infection. Its biofilm potential, cellulose production, and the expression of type 1 pili and curli fimbriae were measured by in vitro assays. The strain was highly pathogenic in the zebrafish embryo model of infection, where it killed all embryos within 24 h post inoculation (hpi) at doses as low as 1000 colony forming units. Zebrafish embryos inoculated with similar doses of commensal E. coli strains showed no signs of disease, and cleared the bacteria within 24 h. E. coli K46 colonized the murine gut at the same level as the uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) reference strain CFT073 in CBA/J mice after oral inoculation, but infected the murine bladder significantly less than CFT073 after transurethral inoculation. Type 1 pili were clearly expressed by E. coli K46, while curli fimbriae and cellulose production were weakly

Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus are two of the major pathogens frequently involved in foodborne outbreaks. Control of these pathogens in foods is essential to food safety. It is of great interest in the use of natural antimicrobial compounds present in edible plants to control foodborne pathogens as consumers prefer more natural

This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 strains, producing Shiga toxins isolated from carcasse surface..

Multiplex PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella serotypes in water samples.

Protective cultures inhibit growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cooked, sliced, vacuum- and gas-packaged ...

EHEC is a strain of E. coli that produces a toxin called Shiga toxin. The toxin causes damage to the lining of the intestinal wall. In 1982, EHEC was found as the cause of bloody diarrhea that developed after eating undercooked or raw hamburger meat contaminated with the bacteria. Since that time, outbreaks of EHEC have been linked with other types of foods, such as spinach, lettuce, sprouts, unpasteurized milk, unpasteurized apple juice or apple cider, salami, and well water or surface water areas frequently visited by animals. Outbreaks have also been traced to animals at petting zoos and day care centers. EHEC is found in the intestines of healthy cattle, goats, deer, and sheep. According to the CDC, the spread of these bacteria to humans may occur in the following manner: ...

Ahmed SA, Awosika J, Baldwin C, Bishop-Lilly KA, Biswas B, Broomall S, Chain PS, Chertkov O, Chokoshvili O, Coyne S, Davenport K, Detter JC, Dorman W, Erkkila TH, Folster JP, Frey KG, George M, Gleasner C, Henry M, Hill KK, Hubbard K, Insalaco J, Johnson S, Kitzmiller A, Krepps M, Lo CC, Luu T, McNew LA, Minogue T, Munk CA, Osborne B, Patel M, Reitenga KG, Rosenzweig CN, Shea A, Shen X, Strockbine N, Tarr C, Teshima H, van Gieson E, Verratti K, Wolcott M, Xie G, Sozhamannan S, Gibbons ...

in Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology (2004), 11(3), 532-537. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) organisms are groups of pathogenic strains whose infections are characterized by a typical lesion of enterocyte attachment and ... [more ▼]. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) organisms are groups of pathogenic strains whose infections are characterized by a typical lesion of enterocyte attachment and effacement. They are involved in enteric diseases both in humans and in animals, and EHEC strains can be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Previously, it was shown that the 2F3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) is specific for the O26 EHEC and EPEC strains (P. Kerr, H. Ball, B. China, J. Mainil, D. Finlay, D. Pollock, I. Wilson, and D. Mackie, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6:610-614, 1999). As these groups of bacteria play an important role in pathology, the aim of this paper was to characterize ...

to the scientific community. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research that has been conducted over the first 25 years to identify 394 known or putative virulence factor genes present in the genomes of E. coli O157:H7 strains. Finally, an examination of the conservation of these 394 virulence factor genes across additional genomes of E. coli O157:H7 is provided which summarizes the first 25 years and 13 genomes of this human pathogen. Advances in Microbiology, 4, 390-423. Holly A. Reiland, Morrine A. Omolo, Timothy J. Johnson, and David J. Baumler. http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=46371#.U4XdzRYqbSt. ...

Enterotoxigenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: Survival and Modulation of Virulence in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. By Charlène Roussel, Charlotte Cordonnier, Valérie Livrelli, Tom Van de Wiele and Stéphanie Blanquet‐Diot. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food‐ and water‐borne pathogens that constitute a serious public health threat in low‐income and developed countries, respectively. Survival and expression of virulence genes in the human digestive tract are key features in bacterial pathogenesis, but the mechanisms behind these processes remain largely unknown due to obvious prohibition of human studies. Use of well‐controlled and multi‐parametric in vitro models can aid in addressing knowledge gaps in ETEC and EHEC pathogenesis. After a general description of the physiopathology of ETEC and EHEC infections, this chapter will give an overview of all the in vitro studies that have investigated the effect ...

E. coli O104:H4, Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS) Beads (2 mL) The E. coli O104 IMS beads are immunomagnetic separation beads designed for the rapid and selective concentration of Escherichia coli serogroup O104 to help with their confirmation on selectiv

Carbohydrates constitute one of the three major classes of biomolecules found in all living cells and, unlike nucleic acids and proteins, their polymeric structures are not based on a template. The structural diversity of these molecules confers them an enormous capacity to encode information in biological systems, acting as efficient mediators in the interaction of the cell with the environment. In order to understand the roles of glycans in biological processes it is of key importance to have a detailed understanding of their structures and conformational preferences, and NMR spectroscopy is one of most powerful techniques for the study of these molecules in solution.. This thesis is focused on the structural and conformational analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. In the first two projects (Chapter 2 and 3) the structural analyses of the biological repeating units of the O-antigen polysaccharides from E. coli O174ab and O115 are described; in both cases a combination of ...

The 10 children infected with the epidemic strain of E. coli O26 are 6 months to 4 years old and live in 5 regions of metropolitan France. The investigations of food consumption, conducted by Public Health France and the General Directorate of Food (DGAl), have identified a possible link between the consumption of raw milk cheese Saint Marcellin and Saint Félicien and the occurrence of the disease. . Indeed, the families of the 10 children report a consumption of these cheeses. For 5 families, the origin of these cheeses could be documented: it is the Alpine cheese dairy (Drôme). A withdrawal and a reminder of the St Marcellin and St Félicien cheeses produced in the Alpine cheese dairy were set up on April 27, 2019 ( DGAl ).. HUS is an infrequent disease in France: between 100 and 160 cases are reported as part of the surveillance system each year. It is a serious disease because it is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children aged 1 month to 3 years.. ...

Carbohydrates constitute one of the three major classes of biomolecules found in all living cells and, unlike nucleic acids and proteins, their polymeric structures are not based on a template. The structural diversity of these molecules confers them an enormous capacity to encode information in biological systems, acting as efficient mediators in the interaction of the cell with the environment. In order to understand the roles of glycans in biological processes it is of key importance to have a detailed understanding of their structures and conformational preferences, and NMR spectroscopy is one of most powerful techniques for the study of these molecules in solution.. This thesis is focused on the structural and conformational analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. In the first two projects (Chapter 2 and 3) the structural analyses of the biological repeating units of the O-antigen polysaccharides from E. coli O174ab and O115 are described; in both cases a combination of ...

Escherichia coli O157:H7. Symptoms: Severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps; sometimes the infection causes non-bloody diarrhea or no symptoms. Usually little or no fever is present, and the illness resolves in 5 to 10 days.. In some persons, particularly children under 5 years of age and the elderly, the infection can also cause a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. About 2%-7% of infections lead to this complication. In the United States, hemolytic uremic syndrome is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children, and most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by E. coli O157:H7.. Onset: Generally 2-5 days after eating.. Source of Illness: The bacterium E. coli O157:H7 is a rare but dangerous type of E. coli. The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be ...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are zoonotic agents associated with outbreaks worldwide. Growth of EHEC strains in ground beef could be inhibited by background microbiota that is present initially at levels greater than that of the pathogen E. coli. However, how the microbiota outcompetes the pathogenic bacteria is unknown. Our objective was to identify metabolic pathways of EHEC that were altered by natural microbiota in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the growth and survival of EHECs in ground beef. Based on 16S metagenomics analysis, we identified the microbial community structure in our beef samples which was an essential preliminary for subtractively analyzing the gene expression of the EHEC strains. Then, we applied strand-specific RNA-seq to investigate the effects of this microbiota on the global gene expression of EHEC O2621765 and O157EDL933 strains by comparison with their behavior in beef meat without microbiota. In strain O2621765, the expression

Pediatric immunization has been the most effective measure to prevent and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. The recent inclusion of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugates in infant immunization further reinforces their importance. Currently there is no human vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections. This review focuses on the human EHEC vaccine that has been studied clinically, in particular, the polysaccharide conjugate against E. coli O157. The surface polysaccharide antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, was linked to rEPA, recombinant exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In adults and children 2 to 5 years old, O157-rEPA conjugates, shown to be safe, induced high levels of antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G with bactericidal activities against E. coli O157, a functional bioassay that mimics the killing of inoculum in vivo. A similar construct using the B subunit of Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 as the carrier protein elicited both

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Since the 1980s, EnterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) have been recognised as emergent pathogens causing foodborne outbreaks. The latest one is the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak which occurred in Germany in May 2011 then in France. In France, the surveillance of EHEC infections is based on surveillance of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in children under 15 years old. The average annual incidence is 0.8/100,000 children under 15 years old with a predominance of the O157:H7 serotype. EHEC are one of the six clinical pathovars of E. coli defined by their capacity to produce Shiga-toxins and for that reason, are part of a larger group called: Shigatoxin-producingE. coli (STEC). EHEC are a cause of different troubles ranging from mild diarrhea to haemorrhagic colitis which might be complicated by HUS in young children and thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura in adults. The reservoir of EHEC is mainly the intestinal tract of ruminants: EHEC are transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or