Looking for online definition of aortic coarctation in the Medical Dictionary? aortic coarctation explanation free. What is aortic coarctation? Meaning of aortic coarctation medical term. What does aortic coarctation mean?

Management of an adult patient with aortic coarctation and an associated cardiac pathology poses a great surgical challenge since there are no standard guidelines for the therapy of such complex pathology. Debate exists not only on which lesion should be corrected first, but also upon the type and timing of the procedure. Surgery can be one- or two-staged. Both of these strategies are accomplice with elevate morbidity and mortality. In the face of such an extended surgical approach, balloon dilatation seems preferable for treatment of severe aortic coarctation. We present an adult male patient with aortic coarctation combined with ascending aorta aneurysm and concomitant aortic valve regurgitation. The aortic coarctation was corrected first, using percutaneous balloon dilatation; and in a second stage the aortic regurgitation and ascending aorta aneurysm was treated by Bentall procedure. The patients' postoperative period was uneventful. Three years after the operation he continues to do well.

Aortic root reconstruction represents one of the most complex areas of cardiac surgery as well as one of the most dynamic-major developments in understanding of the aortic root anatomy and physiology, improvements in imaging and surgical technique allowed for development and acceptance into clinical practice of several novel procedures over last couple of decades. From first aortic root replacement reported by Bentall and De Bono in 1968 to aortic root reimplantation (David procedure) and remodeling (Yacoub operation) with multiple contemporary modifications, aortic root reconstruction now is widely used in treatment of chronic aortic aneurysmal disease and acute aortic dissections alike. Basic principles of aortic root structure and function and critical operative strategies for aortic root surgery are reviewed in this chapter.

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer rupturing into the esophagus is rare and the resulting aortoesophageal fistula carries a high mortality. In view of the emergency nature of the entity and complexity of the procedure management of such a condition is not standardized. The immediate concern is to save the patient from life threatening exsanguinations. Contrary to the practice hitherto followed no active surgical intervention was carried out for the esophageal lesion and cardiopulmonary bypass support was not employed. We present a case of rupture of a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of descending thoracic aorta, where in an emergency surgery was performed and the patient is doing well 21 months later.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Age dependency of the biaxial biomechanical behavior of human abdominal aorta. AU - Vande Geest, Jonathan P. AU - Sacks, Michael S.. AU - Vorp, David A.. PY - 2004/12. Y1 - 2004/12. N2 - Background: The biomechanical behavior of the human abdominal aorta has been studied with great interest primarily due to its propensity to develop such maladies as atherosclerotic occlusive disease, dissections, and aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the age-related biaxial biomechanical behavior of human infrarenal aortic tissue. Methods of Approach: A total of 18 samples (13 autopsy, 5 organ donor) were harvested from patients in each of three age groups: Group 1 (,30 years old, n =5), Group 2 (between 30 and 60 years old, n =7), and Group 3 (,60 years old, n =6). Each specimen was tested biaxially using a tension-controlled protocol which spanned a large portion of the strain plane. Response functions fit to experimental data were used as a tool to guide the appropriate ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Outcome of medical and surgical treatment in patients with acute type B aortic dissection. AU - Hsu, Ron Bin. AU - Ho, Yi Lwun. AU - Chen, Robert J.. AU - Wang, Shoei Shen. AU - Lin, Fang Yue. AU - Chu, Shu Hsun. PY - 2005/1/1. Y1 - 2005/1/1. N2 - Background. Optimal treatment of acute type B aortic dissection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of acute type B aortic dissection. Methods. In the last 8 years, 107 patients were admitted for acute type B aortic dissection. We medically treated patients at the time of onset with antihypertensives. Surgery was considered if there is intractable pain, uncontrolled hypertension, severe aortic branch malperfusion, or aneurysm expansion. Results. Twenty-nine patients had pleural effusion (27%), 9 patients had leg ischemia (8%), 5 patients had impending rupture, and 2 patients had aneurysm enlargement exceeding 60 mm on repeated imaging studies. A total of 16 patients (15%) underwent surgical ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effect of anti-hypertensive drugs on DNA synthesis and proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AU - Kang, Shin Wook. AU - Lee, In Hee. AU - Choi, Kyu Hun. AU - Lee, Ho Yung. AU - Han, Dae Suk. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs, nifedipine, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, captopril, and atenolol on DNA synthesis and proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced by fetal calf serum. Aortic smooth muscle cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, cultured, and seeded in multi-well plates. When confluent, cells were cultured in a conditioned medium without fetal calf serum. After 72 hours, cells were cultured in the medium retaining 10% fetal calf serum with or without anti-hypertensive drugs by increasing the concentration between 10-8 and 10-4M. DNA synthesis was assessed by [3H]-thymidine uptake and proliferation by cell numbers using a hemocytometer. Nifedipine at a ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aortobronchial fistula after endovascular stent graft repair of the thoracic aorta. AU - VonFricken, Kurt. AU - Karamanoukian, Hratch L.. AU - Ricci, Marco. AU - Taheri, Abe. AU - Bergsland, Jacob. AU - Salerno, Tomas A.. PY - 2000/10/30. Y1 - 2000/10/30. N2 - Endovascular stent graft repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms has been recently introduced as an alternative to conventional graft replacement of the diseased aorta. As experience with this new technique accumulates, complications may occur. We herein report the case of a patient in whom we observed distal migration with leak of an endovascular stent graft previously inserted in the descending thoracic aorta, associated with an aortobronchial fistula. The urgent surgical treatment undertaken, which consisted of graft replacement of the previously stented aorta, had a fatal outcome. (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.. AB - Endovascular stent graft repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms has been ...

Ruptured type B acute aortic dissection iAAD jis a life-threatening condition, in which surgical treatment most often yields unsatisfactory results. We report a case of a ruptured type B AAD in a 67-year-old man detected on computed tomography that required a partial aortic arch replacement with reconstruction of the left subclavian artery with adjunct deep hypothermic circulatory arrest iDHCA). Although the patient had a postoperative stroke, he recovered markedly with rehabilitation. DHCA and open proximal anastomosis are useful for the surgical treatment of type B AAD, however, an elaborate strategy to prevent an intraoperative cerebral embolism is especially important ...

Aims Intra-operative grading of atheromatous plaques in the ascending aorta by epiaortic ultrasound (EAU) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients who have undergone CABG. Methods and results Sixty patients scheduled for elective CABG were prospectively enrolled to undergo intra-operative TEE and EAU ultrasound scanning of the ascending aorta. The ascending aorta was divided into three sections; proximal, middle and distal, and four segments; anterior, posterior, medial and lateral. Degree of atherosclerosis was graded according to a modified Montgomery scale. Epiaortic ultrasound was unable to provide images for a reliable assessment in 56 areas (7.7%; 56/720) vs 322 non-visualized areas by TEE (44.7%; 298/720) (p , 0.01). Out of 563 areas that scored ≥ 2, EAU visualized 379/720 areas (52.6%), whereas TEE visualized 184/720 areas (25.5%) (p , 0.01). EAU mean scores were significantly higher for the mid (p = 0.0001) and distal (p = 0.05) sections and for the posterior segment (p ...

Thirty-nine consecutive patients, aged 5 to 57 years, were followed for two to 15 years with serial haemodynamic studies after removal of fixed subaortic stenosis, which was never a "membrane". Two late deaths occurred, one sudden and one in congestive failure. Of 37 survivors, 25 were asymptomatic and could be classified as good or excellent if judged by well-being. Seven were symptomatic, two having had reoperation for fixed subaortic stenosis, and four needed long-term pacing. Evaluation, including the effect of isoprenaline, showed important dynamic obstruction in 17, five of whom redeveloped fixed obstruction. Seven had congestive features without outflow gradients, and 14 had neither congestion nor outflow obstruction. Complete assessment therefore confirmed that only 14 (36%) were haemodynamically satisfactory; two of them had permanent pacing, and four had had aortic valve surgery. Fixed subaortic stenosis should be removed early, when diagnosed, and completely before secondary ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Glucose alters platelet-derived growth factor-BB activity in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells by stimulating protein phosphatase 2A in a protein kinase C-beta II-dependent pathway. AU - Campbell, Malcolm. AU - Trimble, Elizabeth. PY - 2004/9. Y1 - 2004/9. M3 - Article. VL - 47. SP - A445-A445. JO - Diabetologia. JF - Diabetologia. SN - 0012-186X. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Acute aortic intramural hematoma. T2 - An analysis from the international registry of acute aortic dissection. AU - Harris, Kevin M.. AU - Braverman, Alan C.. AU - Eagle, Kim A.. AU - Woznicki, Elise M.. AU - Pyeritz, Reed E.. AU - Myrmel, Truls. AU - Peterson, Mark D.. AU - Voehringer, Matthias. AU - Fattori, Rossella. AU - Januzzi, James L.. AU - Gilon, Dan. AU - Montgomery, Daniel G.. AU - Nienaber, Christoph A.. AU - Trimarchi, Santi. AU - Isselbacher, Eric M.. AU - Evangelista, Arturo. PY - 2012/9/11. Y1 - 2012/9/11. N2 - Background-Acute aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is an important subgroup of aortic dissection, and controversy surrounds appropriate management. Methods and Results-Patients with acute aortic syndromes in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (1996-2011) were evaluated to examine differences between patients (based on the initial imaging test) with IMH or classic dissection (AD). Of 2830 patients, 178 had IMH (64 type A [42%], 90 type B ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Linkage analysis of left ventricular outflow tract malformations (aortic valve stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome). AU - McBride, Kim L.. AU - Zender, Gloria A.. AU - Fitzgerald-Butt, Sara M.. AU - Koehler, Daniel. AU - Menesses-Diaz, Andres. AU - Fernbach, Susan. AU - Lee, Kwanghyuk. AU - Towbin, Jeffrey A.. AU - Leal, Suzanne. AU - Belmont, John W.. PY - 2009/1/15. Y1 - 2009/1/15. N2 - The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) malformations aortic valve stenosis (AVS), coarctation of the aorta (CoA), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are significant causes of infant mortality. These three malformations are thought to share developmental pathogenetic mechanisms. A strong genetic component has been demonstrated earlier, but the underlying genetic etiologies are unknown. Our objective was to identify genetic susceptibility loci for the broad phenotype of LVOT malformations. We genotyped 411 microsatellites spaced at an average of 10 cM ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Selective cerebral perfusion with 4-branch graft total aortic arch replacement. T2 - Outcomes in 12 patients. AU - Lai, Wei Liang. AU - Hsu, Chiao Po. AU - Shih, Chung Che. AU - Li, Ming Li. AU - Li, Ping chun. PY - 2012/4/13. Y1 - 2012/4/13. N2 - Background: Aortic arch reconstruction is associated with high neurological morbidity. Our purpose is to describe our experience using a 4-branched graft and selective antegrade brain perfusion (SABP) for total aortic arch replacement (TAR).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 12 patients who received TAR, with or without ascending aorta replacement, with a 4-branched graft for Stanford type A dissection (n = 9) or aortic arch aneurysm (n = 3). In all patients surgery was performed with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) with or without retrograde brain perfusion, and selective antegrade brain perfusion (SABP) via the subclavian artery or axillary artery.Results: There were 8 males and 4 females with an ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Steroid sensitivity of norepinephrine uptake by human bronchial arterial and rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. AU - Horvath, G.. AU - Lieb, T.. AU - Conner, G. E.. AU - Salathe, M.. AU - Wanner, A.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - We have shown that an inhaled glucocorticosteroid (GS) causes α1-adrenergic antagonist-blockable, rapid, and transient bronchial vasoconstriction in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Steroids inhibit norepinephrine (NE) uptake by non-neuronal cells, thereby increasing NE concentration at α-adrenergic receptor sites. This could explain the GS-induced bronchial vasoconstriction. We therefore studied expression of the steroid-sensitive extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) and steroid sensitivity of NE uptake in human bronchial artery and rabbit aorta (as a substitute for the limited supply of human bronchial artery). NE uptake was measured using a semiquantitative, sucrose-potassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid fluorescence method that we newly adapted for ...

The authors concluded that endovascular technology could be helpful in treating selected young patients with genetically triggered thoracic aortic disease. However, we should be caution evaluating results of this mid-term follow-up study. Most aortic surgeons support the idea of endovascular therapy of genetically triggered aortic disease, but only in case of already prosthetic replaced aortic segments corresponding to proximal and distal landing zones. Endovascular treatment of the native aorta in Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome patients is not recommended due to high-risk of later endoleaks type I. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are necessary to identify patients with genetically triggered thoracic aortic disease who benefit from endovascular aortic repair and delineate contraindication for endovascular approach.. ...

AORTIC ARCH ANOMALIES. Dr.Santhosh Narayanan. Topic outline. Embryology Anatomy Classification Individual anomalies. Embryology-Sequence of Events. Day I8 - Cardiac precursor cells seen in the form of blood islands Day 20 - First intraembryonic blood vessels Slideshow 1406753 by gwyneth

Wilmink A, Hubbard C, DAY N, Quick C. The incidence of small abdominal aortic aneurysms and the change in normal infrarenal aortic diameter: implications for screening. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001; 21(2): 165-70 ...

HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been suggested to attenuate abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. However, the effects of statins in human AAA tissues are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of statins on proinflammatory molecules in human AAA walls in ex vivo culture. Simvastatin strongly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human AAA walls, but showed little effect on c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Simvastatin, as well as pitavastatin significantly reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-2 and epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (CXCL5) under both basal and TNF-α-stimulated conditions. Similar to statins, the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB, accompanied by a decreased secretion of MMP-9, MCP-2 and CXCL5. Moreover, the effect of

This publication describes a hybrid endovascular and open surgical approach to treating a large aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery (Kommerell's diverticulum). A 76-year old man presented with dysphagia lusoria due to a 3.5 x 3.0 cm aneurysm involving an aberrant right subclavian artery. The patient was treated by a thoracic aortic endograft, left subclavian artery debranching (by its transposition to the left common carotid artery) and right subclavian artery revascularisation. This approach avoids the requirement for a thoracotomy or sternotomy needed with open surgical repair. At a 6 months follow-up assessment the aneurysm was shown to be thrombosed with no evidence of endoleak.. ...

Purpose: We present the case of a patient who developed an aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) 4 years after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture. ...

A review of 63 patients with 45X karyotype (Turner's syndrome) admitted to a hospital from 1972 to 1985 showed that 20 (32%) had one or more major cardiac malformations (mostly coarctation and aortic stenosis). Four (20%) died in the neonatal. One infant had mitral stenosis and severe aortic stenosis and died at the age of 35 days. The three (15%) other patients who died had a typical hypoplastic left heart syndrome, with an atretic aortic valve in two and pinpoint aortic valve in one. Turner's syndrome was clinically suspected in three of the cases. One of these had mosaicism (46XX,45X) the others had a 45X pattern. During the same period (1972-85) 39 patients (14 girls and 25 boys) were admitted with diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Three (21.4%) girls had a 45X karyotype. The high incidence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in Turner's syndrome and of Turner's syndrome in girls with hypoplastic left heart syndrome suggests that hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be another ...

Abstract: An unusual vascular ring anomaly consisting of a persistent right aortic arch and a left ligamentum arteriosum extending from the main pulmonary artery to an aberrant left subclavian artery and left aortic arch remnant complex was identified in a German shepherd dog and a great Dane. The left subclavian artery and left aortic arch remnant complex originated at the junction between the right distal aortic arch and the descending aorta and coursed dorsal to the oesophagus in a cranial direction. The attachment of the ligamentum arteriosum to the aberrant left subclavian artery was approximately 5 cm cranial to the point of origin of the aberrant left subclavian artery and left aortic arch remnant complex from the descending aorta in both dogs. This anomaly observed in both dogs is similar to an anomaly reported in humans, in which a persistent right aortic arch is found in conjunction with an aberrant left subclavian artery and a left aortic arch remnant (Kommerell's diverticulum). ...

Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Devices Report by Material, Application, and Geography Global Forecast to 2021 is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, united Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).. Get Sample copy of the Report: http://sacinsight.com/report/global-endovascular-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-repair-devices-market-research-report-2017_9dimen/. The report firstly introduced the Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Devices basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world's main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new ...

This study showed that preterm infants have more than twice as many cardiovascular malformations as do infants born at term and that 1 of 6 infants with cardiovascular malformations is born preterm. It also showed, not surprisingly, that there is an increased mortality rate for infants born both preterm and with a cardiovascular malformation. The additional effect of cardiovascular malformations on mortality rates is most marked for term and near-term infants, for whom mortality rates are otherwise low. All mortality rates quoted in this study are from all causes in the first 1 year of life, not necessarily as a result of the cardiovascular malformation. We were not able to determine retrospectively the contribution of the cardiovascular malformations to the deaths. In a previous study of infants with esophageal atresia, we showed a sevenfold increase in mortality rates for those who also had a cardiovascular malformation but the heart defect was mainly a marker of multiple abnormalities and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Successful sonographic visualisation of the abdominal aorta differs significantly among a diverse group of credentialed emergency department providers. AU - Hoffmann, Beatrice. AU - Bessman, Edward S.. AU - Um, Patrick. AU - Ding, Ru. AU - McCarthy, Melissa L.. PY - 2011/6/1. Y1 - 2011/6/1. N2 - Background: The aims of this study were to examine the association between emergency department (ED) providers' experience with bedside ultrasound after achieving credentialing for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sonography, and their successful visualisation rate of the abdominal aorta among consecutive patients who presented asymptomatically but with risk factors for AAA. Methods: Study coordinators enrolled asymptomatic men ,50 years presenting to a single ED with AAA risk factors. One of 20 AAA credentialed ED sonographers screened each subject for AAA. Screening forms and ultrasound images were reviewed for quality assurance. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate OR ...

Approach and Results-We report that administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt or aldosterone and salt, but not DOCA or salt alone, to C57BL/6 male mice induced abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm formation and rupture in an age-dependent manner. DOCA and salt- or aldosterone and salt-induced aortic aneurysm mimicked human aortic aneurysm with respect to elastin degradation, inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle cell degeneration and apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Aortic aneurysm formation did not correlate with the increase in blood pressure induced by DOCA and salt. Systemic administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, or angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan, did not affect DOCA and salt-induced aortic aneurysm. In contrast, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, spironolactone or eplerenone, significantly attenuated DOCA and salt- or aldosterone and salt-induced aortic aneurysm.. ...

About 3 out of 4 abdominal aortic aneurysms don't cause symptoms. An aneurysm may be found by X-ray, computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was done for other reasons. Since abdominal aneurysm may not have symptoms, it's called the "silent killer" because it may rupture before being diagnosed. Pain is the most common symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The pain associated with an abdominal aortic aneurysm may be located in the abdomen, chest, lower back, or groin area. The pain may be severe or dull. Sudden, severe pain in the back or abdomen may mean the aneurysm is about to rupture. This is a life-threatening medical emergency. Abdominal aortic aneurysms may also cause a pulsing sensation, similar to a heartbeat, in the abdomen. The symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may look like other medical conditions or problems. Always see your doctor for a diagnosis. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Devices for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. AU - Lipsitz, E.. AU - Veith, F. J.. AU - Ohki, T.. PY - 2001/5/22. Y1 - 2001/5/22. N2 - Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide whose incidence is increasing. Traditionally these aneurysms have been repaired by a standard surgical approach. Over the past decade, spurred by the development of endovascular therapies for a variety of vascular pathologies, the endoluminal treatment of AAAs has rapidly proliferated. Early stent-grafts used to treat AAAs were primarily 'home-made'. Presently there are a number of industry-made devices available on both an investigational and approved for use basis and the number is growing. This review focuses on the types of stent-grafts currently available, indications for use and patient selection, as well as new patents issued over the years 1998 - 2000. The ideal stent-graft is yet to be developed and not all AAAs are amenable to ...

INTRODUCTION: Floating thrombus in an aberrant right subclavian artery is a rare cause of peripheral arterial embolic events. CASE REPORT: We report a 45-year-old woman who presented with an ischemia of the right superior limb from embolic event. The diagnosis of mobile thrombus in an aberrant right subclavian artery was obtained with transoesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography. After three weeks of oral anticoagulant therapy, there was no significant resolution of the thrombus, and a surgical treatment was performed to prevent further embolization. The surgical procedure consisted of thrombectomy and reimplantation of the aberrant right subclavian artery to the right carotid artery. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates that transoesophageal echography and computed tomography are useful to detect mobile thrombus of the thoracic aorta and is warranted in any embolic event in young patients.

In this study using a newly developed CNT-based micro-CT with cardiac and respiratory gating, we have successfully quantified calcification in the aortic arch plaques of living mice. CNT-based sources are able to achieve a 10 ms or better temporal resolution, not directly achievable using conventional thermionic sources. As a result, we were able to gate cardiac and respiratory motion in a straightforward manner, allowing simplified animal handling without the need for intubation.. Heart contraction causes movement of the vascular wall and thereby motion blur in the acquired image.9 In addition, because the R-wave interval at 600 beats per minute is 100 ms, errors of pulse control ,5 to 10 ms could result in significant additional blur of structures. One of the key advantages of our CNT-based micro-CT system is the ability to control the x-ray pulses to at least a microsecond level. Although in vivo imaging of arch calcification has already been reported in B6-apoE KO mice using a conventional ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-term zinc deprivation accelerates rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving the down-regulation of JNK1/2 expression in MAPK signaling. AU - Alcantara, Ethel H.. AU - Shin, Mee Young. AU - Feldmann, Jörg AU - Nixon, Graeme F.. AU - Beattie, John H.. AU - Kwun, In Sook. PY - 2013/5/1. Y1 - 2013/5/1. N2 - Background: The accelerated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a contributor for atherosclerosis by thickening the vascular wall. Since zinc modulation of VSMC proliferation has not been clarified, this study investigated whether zinc affects VSMC proliferation. Methods and results: Both a rat aorta origin vascular smooth muscle cell line (A7r5 VSMCs) and primary VSMCs which were collected from rat aorta (pVSMCs) were cultured with zinc (0-50 µM Zn) for short- (=12 d) and long-term (28 d) periods under normal non-calcifying (0 or 1 mM P) or calcifying (,2 mM P) P conditions. Mouse vascular endothelial cells (MS I cells) were also cultured ...

The SphygmoCor® CP System The SphygmoCor CP system includes pulse wave analysis (PWA) software only. During a PWA measurement, a 10-second snapshot of the radial arterial pressure wave is measured using a tonometer. The SphygmoCor software derives the ascending aortic pressure wave, substantially equivalent to the pressure wave measured by an invasive catheter. From the aortic pressure wave, a number of valuable cardiovascular measurements are determined, including central aortic systolic pressure, aortic augmentation index and central pulse pressure ...

The normal range for aortic root diameters employing the echocardiographic continuous recording technique was determined in 159 adult subjects without aortic valve disease or hypertension. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this noninvasive technique, the aortic root diameters as measured by ultrasound before operation in 31 patients with aortic valve disease were compared with their respective aortic annulus diameters as determined at the time of valve replacement. The 159 normal subjects consisted of 78 men and 81 women whose ages ranged from 18 to 74 pears (average 38). The normal range of aortic root diameters in this group was 17 to 33 mm (mean 23.7). A significant difference (P is smaller than 0.001) in aortic root diameters existed between men and women which could not be explained by differences in body surface area. The mean diameter among the 81 women was 22.4 plus or minus 3.3 mm(I SD) compared to the mean diameter in the 78 men of 25 plus or minus 3.5 mm. These results indicate a ...

We are pleased to have received CE Mark for the E-nya thoracic stent graft system, our next generation low profile solution for patients with aortic disease. The E-nya system was designed to give physicians more options and control while treating both simple and challenging anatomies, and will be one of the most versatile grafts on the market," said Pat Mackin, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of CryoLife. We are excited to bring this product to the European market, further enhancing our position as the leader in the growing EU aortic repair market.". Aortic aneurysms and dissections make up the largest portion of thoracic aortic disease which is an estimated $600 million global market. The vast majority of patients with thoracic aortic disease are treated with minimally invasive endovascular stent grafts. E-nya builds upon JOTEC's experience in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) market and increases the number of options to treat a broader range of patients. The ...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD), Atrial septal defect (ASD), Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), Mitral insufficiency (MI), Anterior mitral valve cleft (AMVC), Mitral valve cleft (MVC), Tricuspid insufficiency (TI), Aortic coarctation (AC), Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), Mitral valve prolapsed (MVP), Cor triatriatum (CTA), Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) ...

High fat/high cholesterol diets exacerbate β-amyloidosis in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been impossible, however, to study the relationship between atherosclerosis and β-amyloidosis; in those models because such mice were on atherosclerosis-resistant genetic backgrounds. Here we report the establishment of AD model mice, B6Tg2576, that are prone to atherosclerosis. B6Tg2576 mice were produced by back-crossing Tg2576 mice, an AD mouse model overexpressing human amyloid β-protein precursor with the Swedish double mutation, to C57BL/6 mice, a strain susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis. An atherogenic diet induced aortic atherosclerosis and exacerbated cerebral β-amyloidosis in B6Tg2576 mice. Compared with age-matched non-transgenic littermates, B6Tg2576 mice developed significantly more diet-induced aortic atherosclerosis. Unexpectedly, normal diet-fed B6Tg2576 mice also developed fatty streak lesions (early atherosclerosis) in the aorta. The aortic atherosclerotic ...

Epidemiologic research has shown a correlation between cigarette smoke and the risk of developing atherosclerosis and associated pathological processes including abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are additional risk factors for atherosclerosis. The hyperlipideamic apolipoprotein e-knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse is a well-established animal model system for studying the mechanisms of the atherosclerotic process. In this study, we examined the mechanistic effects occurring as three risk factors interact in the atherosclerotic process. Hypertension was induced in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein-e-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice by application of angiotensin-II and the mice were exposed to mainstream smoke from the reference cigarette 2R4F (University of Kentucky) for 30 days. AAA formation was seen only in angiotensin-ii treated ApoE-/--mice. The incidence and severity of AAA were further increased by smoke exposure. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-(MMP)-2, -3, -8, -9, and ...

A 49-year-old female with past medical history of repaired aortic coarctation and alpha-gal allergy was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis and a calcified bicuspid aortic valve was seen on TTE. Due to progression of her heart failure symptoms, aortic valve replacement was recommended. The patient was diagnosed with her alpha-gal allergy due to reaction consistent with anaphylaxis after eating pork or beef. She developed the allergy after an observed tick bite. The history of alpha-gal allergy raised concern for an anaphylactic response to administration of heparin intraoperatively. Concern for early calcification and dysfunction of a bioprosthetic valve due to her allergy led the patient to choose a mechanical aortic valve.. The patient was admitted preoperatively and was premedicated with 50 mg of prednisone every 8 h and 25 mg of diphenhydramine to decrease the risk of an adverse allergic reaction. After she was anesthetized, she received 125 mg methylprednisolone and 50 mg diphenhydramine ...

Today, with the increasing experience and advances in graft technology, endovascular grafting is applied nearly to all levels of the aorta for the treatment of various aortic pathologies. The major route of the stent graft deployment is from the femoral region through the iliac arteries. Since both aneurysms and arterial occlusive diseases share atherosclerosis as the common ancestor of etiology, some patients may posses both aneurysms and stenosis together. These stenotic changes occurring in the iliac and femoral arteries may complicate the passage of the stent graft system. In this report, we sought to evaluate an alternative novel route of graft system application for endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of sprint exercise on aortic pulse wave velocity and femoral artery shear patterns. AU - DeBlois, Jacob P.. AU - Lefferts, Wesley K.. AU - Heffernan, Kevin S.. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - Purpose: Aortic stiffness may affect shear patterns in the peripheral vasculature. This study examined if sprint exercise, which typically increases aortic stiffness is associated with increased peripheral retrograde blood flow and impaired microvascular function. Methods: Twenty participants (10 women; age: 27 ± 5 years) underwent arterial stiffness, shear rate, and microvascular function assessment at three time points: baseline; following time control; ~ 2 min post a 30-s cycle ergometer sprint against 7.0% body mass. Aortic stiffness was assessed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Superficial femoral artery (SFA) diameter and blood velocity were assessed using Doppler-ultrasound and were used to calculate shear rates and resistance index (RI). SFA wave reflections ...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, including Qatar. Hypertension is one of the most common CVDs that contribute to this mortality. Cadmium is a well-known pollutant that has been suggested to be a risk factor for hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Very little is known about the effect of cadmium on the expression of vascular alpha- 1 adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study was therefore undertaken to determine the effect of cadmium on the expression of vascular alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in vitro. Along with that, there are several phenotypic changes could modulate the VSMCs function and contribute to CVDs including hypertension. These changes include hypertrophy, migration and senescence. The second objective of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium on VSMCs phenotype. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were incubated with different concentrations of cadmium chloride for varying

This study analyses the influence of preoperative aortic root diameter on aortic valve function after valve sparing aortic root replacement according to the reimplantation technique described by David and Feindel 1992.10 From the data presented, we conclude, that the preoperative aortic root diameter has no impact on the longevity of the aortic valve function after valve sparing aortic root reimplantation.. Valve sparing aortic root replacement for patients with aortic aneurysm have been propagated with encouraging results within the last decade.1-4,13-15 Due to these results the indications for valve sparing aortic root replacement have been expanded from elective patients with normal leaflets to patients presenting with acute type A dissection, patients with bicuspid valves, patients with aortic root reoperations, patients with concomitant cardiac surgical interventions, and patients with coexisting aortic leaflet defects.16-20 Although the limits for valve sparing aortic root replacement have ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Successful management of Histoplasma capsulatum infection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. AU - Harris, Richard L.. AU - Lawrie, Gerald M.. AU - Wheeler, Thomas M.. AU - Rex, John H.. AU - Sarosi, George A.. AU - Jacob, Matteethra C.. AU - Bradshaw, Major W.. AU - Williams, Temple W.. PY - 1986/4. Y1 - 1986/4. N2 - A 65-year-old woman with disseminated histoplasmosis underwent resection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. Yeast forms of Histoplasma capsulatum were present in the aneurysm. Surgical resection and revascularization with a Dacron graft followed by systemic amphotericin B therapy and chronic ketoconazole suppressive therapy have resulted in a patient without symptoms 15 months postoperatively. It is important to be aware of the potential for atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm involvement by H. capsulatum.. AB - A 65-year-old woman with disseminated histoplasmosis underwent resection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. Yeast forms of Histoplasma ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Total arch replacement with endarterectomy of the ascending aorta in a patient with aortic arch aneurysm and porcelain aorta. AU - Shimizu, Hideyuki. AU - Miyaki, Yasuko. AU - Kaneko, Tsuyoshi. AU - Suzuki, Ryo. AU - Kudo, Mikihiko. AU - Yozu, Ryohei. PY - 2008/12/1. Y1 - 2008/12/1. N2 - We describe total arch replacement for aortic arch aneurysm with a severely calcified ('porcelain') aorta. Cardiovascular surgery is challenging under such conditions because the calcified plate interferes with clamping, incising, and suturing of the aorta. We performed this surgery under hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion. Calcification manifested particularly in the ascending aorta and prevented the use of a needle. We exfoliated the calcified intimal plate using an elevator designed for hand surgery, and then covered both the inner and outer sides of the endarterectomized aorta with a strip of bovine pericardium to reinforce the anastomotic region and cover the ...

In this study, we provide a contemporary overview of clinical outcomes in patients with known MFS without prior aortic dissection. This represents one of the largest MFS studies to date using 3-dimensional imaging techniques. We found a type B aortic dissection rate of 9% during a median follow-up period of 6 years. Type B aortic dissections generally occurred in mildly dilated proximal descending aortas, especially in patients with prior prophylactic aortic surgery. From our data, we were able to develop a risk score to predict type B aortic dissection in patients with MFS, on the basis of history of prophylactic aortic root surgery and proximal descending aortic diameter.. The occurrence of type A aortic dissection has become a rare event in patients with known MFS in the era of aggressive prophylactic surgery. Although AoRR has improved life expectancy considerably, distal aortic disease may develop later in patients with MFS (14,15). Replacement of the aortic root or ascending aorta with a ...

ABSTRACT- To clarify the relation of pericentral fibrosis to portal hypertension, measurements of portal vascular resistance in vitro and blood pressures of several key points in hepatic vascular pathways in vivo were undertaken in rats given dimethylnitrosamine. Administration of dimethylnitrosamine induced tortuosity and narrowing of the peripheral branches of the hepatic vein due to pericentral fibrosis. No significant change was produced in the sinusoids and the portal vein branches. The portal vascular resistance was increased and the portal vein pressure was elevated markedly. The blood pressure gradient was steep in the intrahepatic vein, but not in the intrahepatic portal vein or the sinusoids, as compared to control. These data suggest that deformation of the peripheral branches of the hepatic vein due to pericentral fibrosis causes a marked increase in vascular resistance in the intrahepatic hepatic vein, i.e. postsinusoidal portal hypertension. ...

We have reported that pigs with severe homozygous von Willebrand disease (vWd) are resistant to spontaneous and high fat, high cholesterol, diet-induced atherosclerosis. In this study we report the quantitation of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in three groups of pigs fed with a high fat, high cholesterol (2%) diet from age 3 to 9 months. Nine normal pigs (normal factor VIII antigen, VIII R:AG, and ristocetin co-factor, VIII:RWF) had a mean of 21% atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic surface and a 4.5% mean involvement of the entire aorta. Five homozygous vWd pigs (undetected VIII R:AG and VIII:RWF) had a mean of 4.2% atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic surface and 1.2% involvement of the entire aorta (p less than 0.01, rank sum test). Five heterozygous vWd pigs (approximately 35% VIII R:AG and VIII:RWF) had a mean of 25% atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic surface and 6% involvement of the entire aorta; the results were not significantly different from ...

PROGRAMME OUTLINE. MONDAY. 08:30 Meet at St. Marks Hospital Main Entrance. 08:45 Coffee. 09:00 Introduction to the microsurgical workshop. 09:15 Use and care of the operating microscope. 09:30 Demonstration: Microsurgical suturing techniques. 09:45 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of a simulated tissue. 10:30 Coffee. 10:45 Demonstration: End-to-end anastomosis of a simulated vessel. 11:00 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of a simulated vessel. 12:00 Lunch. 13:15 Demonstration: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral artery. 13:30 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral artery. 14:45 Coffee. 15:00 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral artery. 16:30 End of session. TUESDAY. 08:30 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral artery. 10:15 Coffee. 10:30 Demonstration: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral vein. 10:45 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral vein. 12:00 Lunch. 13:00 Exercise: End-to-end anastomosis of the femoral artery and vein. 15:00 Coffee. 15:45 ...