Looking for endemic disease? Find out information about endemic disease. impairment of the normal state or functioning of the body as a whole or of any of its parts. Some diseases are acute, producing severe symptoms that... Explanation of endemic disease
Fighting leprosy and other endemic diseases Jacinto Convit1 An extraordinary event is taking place this year, with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) completing 100 years fighting for health in the Americas. As part of its Centenary celebration, PAHO is naming 12 persons¾including myself¾as Public Health Heroes of the Americas in recognition of exceptional contributions to public health in this Hemisphere. Below, I would like to mention some of the activities in which I have been involved as a health worker over the course of my life¾and also some of the most important tasks that still need to be achieved. In September 1938, when I graduated in medical sciences from the Central University of Venezuela, in Caracas, I became a resident on the staff of the Cabo Blanco Leprosy Hospital, where I had worked earlier when I had been a medical student. The working conditions at the hospital, which at times had as many as 1 200 patients, were very uncertain. For leprosy patients, chaulmoogra ...
INTRODUCTION: Observational Study: This type of study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control in which individuals are observed for certain clinical observations or certain outcomes measured.. No attempt is made to affect the outcome (for example, no treatment is given) 1. Epidemiological studies have played an important part in the elucidation of predisposing factors for COPD, CKD, acute pancreatitis and CLD and opportunities for prevention and treatment 2. The present study is designed retrospectively to focus on prevalence of various COPD, CKD, acute pancreatitis and CLD and causes of mortality in patients admitted to respective speciality units 3.. Endemic Diseases: An endemic disease is a disease that is always present in a certain population or characteristic of particular region. Similar studies were carried out by Eduardo Gaitan et al., 4.. Prospective Study: A prospective cohort study is a type of study in which a group of ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-economic status (SES) and geographic differences in occurrence and burden of tropical endemic diseases, as well as the health seeking behaviours of individuals residing in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study was undertaken in three communities (urban, semi-urban and rural). A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to collect data from randomly selected households. An asset-based SES index was used to examine the occurrence of socio-economic equity in burden of disease and health seeking behaviours, whilst comparisons between the three communities were used to explore geographic equity in the burden of disease and health seeking behaviours of households. The majority of the households reported occurrences of illness during the month preceding the survey. Malaria and diarrhoea were the most commonly reported illnesses. There were inequities in the burden of disease and treatment seeking behaviours amongst the study groups. The poorer households
Geograpical investigations have made a substantial contribution to knowledge about the major tropical endemic diseases since the onchocerciasis (river blindness) control programme was set in place in 1975. Closely hinged on multidisciplinary work with biologists and medical practioners, theses studies showed the importance of land management by societies related to the outbreak, diffusion and propagation of such endemic diseases. This approach deploys a set of multiple-scale spatial and temporal anlyses, helping to refine a set of concepts which have become key tools for evaluating the potential epidemic-generating capacity of certain places. A multiplication of models for different environments has contributed to enhanced knowledge of situations and processes and an improved theoretical grasp of what happens. However, in spite of such advances in biogeographical knowledge of diseases -and especially those achieved in therapy and control- the public health situation has hardly seen any ...
Measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as mask wearing and social distancing are a key tool in combatting the impact of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. These actions also have greatly reduced incidence of many other diseases, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).. Current reductions in these common respiratory infections, however, may merely postpone the incidence of future outbreaks, according to a study by Princeton University researchers published Nov. 9 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.. Declines in case numbers of several respiratory pathogens have been observed recently in many global locations, said first author Rachel Baker, an associate research scholar at the High Meadows Environmental Institute (HMEI) at Princeton University.. While this reduction in cases could be interpreted as a positive side effect of COVID-19 prevention, the reality is much more complex, Baker said. Our ...
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Section-I, Role and Impact of Science and Technology in Development of Indian, Information Technology In Public Domain 1. Basics of Science and Technology. Classical and emerging areas of science and Technology (S&T)- Value Addition by Science & Technology- Current Science & Technology developments in India and Importance of Science & Technology as an engine … Read more ...
Zhen Zhu, Emily Abernathy, Aili Cui, Yan Zhang, Shujie Zhou, Zhenying Zhang, Changyin Wang, Tongzhan Wang, Hua Ling, Chunfang Zhao, Yingqiong Chen, Jilan He, Li Sun, Xia Chen, Jihai Tang, Daxin Feng, Yan Wang, Zhuoma Ba, Lixia Fan, Haiyun Chen, Zhengfan Pan, Jun Zhan, Hui Chen, Shunde Zhou, Lei Zheng, Hui Gao, Yong Liang, Defang Dai, Joseph Icenogle, Wenbo Xu ...
HBV is transmitted through parenteral or mucosal exposure to body fluids of carriers or acutely infected individuals.2 In areas of high endemicity, hepatitis B is most commonly transmitted perinatally from the mother or through infection in early childhood. Due to their more immature immune systems, children are much more likely to develop chronic infection than adults.5 Since mother to- child transmission accounts for the majority of hepatitis B cases in areas of high endemicity, these areas have higher rates of chronicity than low-endemicity areas.5 Moreover, the higher prevalence of chronic infection also translates into higher rates of cirrhosis and cancer in these areas. In the United States, hepatitis B is mostly an adult-acquired disease associated with high-risk behavior, including sexual contact and injection drug use.2 However, it is important to consider that the United States is a country of immigrants, many of whom arrive from areas of high endemicity. For example, although the ...
To the Editor: Dr. da Silvas letter raises several important points. My article, however, was never intended to be comprehensive. The choice of which emerging infectious diseases to include was difficult, especially in a country where many endemic infections continue at a high prevalence and others, thought to be controlled, are reemerging.. As Dr. da Silva states, many reports (in Portuguese and English) discuss infectious diseases in Brazil; however, this information is rarely current. The information about measles in my article is a case in point. At the time of my article, an outbreak causing national concern was occurring in Brazil; it has since been controlled. A further problem is that the most detailed and reliable studies are generally of only a regional or local nature, for example, the recent excellent report by Merchan-Hamann (1) on the situation of endemic diseases in north and northeastern Brazil and other references cited by Dr. da Silva. To obtain current information at the ...
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This lesson will talk about what an endemic disease is and how it is different from an epidemic. Well also discuss how an epidemic differs from...
Previous research in several countries has shown that Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) infection is an endemic disease among adolescents and adults. Data also shows that neither infection nor immunisation results in lifelong immunity. Yet general practitioners in the UK seldom diagnose or even consider pertussis in older children. It is perceived as a disease of very young children who have not been immunised and who have classic features such as whoop ...
The aim of this module is to deliver a unique perspective on the theory and practical management of disease in wildlife. The various types of disease agent (viral, bacterial, parasitic etc) and disease process (endemic, epidemic and exotic) will be presented, along with the various justifications for disease control (zoonoses, economic and human welfare). The module will develop the students knowledge of the epidemiological process, transmission dynamics and an introduction to epidemiological modelling. The various means of disease management such as vaccination, culling, fertility control and habitat management will be presented in the context of both endemic disease and as a contingency for an exotic disease outbreak. The different approaches to surveillance and monitoring of wildlife disease will be examined.. ...
Emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in global health. Many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, while many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. Although introductions and emergence of endemic pathogens are often considered to be dist …
Forty years ago the Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care became one of the first global frameworks to consider health in the context of development.[i] Specifically the Declaration stated that, Economic and social development, based on a New International Economic Order, is of basic importance to the fullest attainment of health for all and to the reduction of the gap between the health status of the developing and developed countries. Within that, 8 essential services were articulated. One was Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition, and another emphasized, Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases. This set the stage for future efforts that could place malaria control and food security on an integrated platform.. Twenty years later world leaders came together to establish the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),[ii] an 8-goal framework for tackling the most pressing development challenges. As part of Goal 1, Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, Target 1.C aimed to ...
Data were abstracted from the Atlas of Aged Population in the People s Republic of China and from The Atlas of Endemic Diseases and their Environments in the People s Republic of China. The spatial distribution of the elderly, those aged 80 years or more in 1982, in 2408 counties, was then compared with the prevalences of Kaschin-Beck and...
Can you get health insurance for your pet in Samui?. Pet health insurance is a good idea for vet business. Furthermore it is good for pets and pet owners. I used to offer this service but I finally found that many risk factors affected the program. Such as too many ticks on the island, some contagious diseases like canine viral enteritis, canine distemper etc., it seems they become endemic disease. Also some zoonosis like Lyme disease (never found in Thailand) was found in an imported dog, so there are no guarantees even in imported dogs.. How can you prevent your pet from being poisoned ?. Prevention is very difficult but it is possible. I think training our pets to eat just from our hand is the easiest thing we can do. Sterilization is also helpful. Because of hormone decreasing, most pets are calm or less aggressive after sterilization. Many pets prefer to stay at home more than to go out.. What is the most common mistake pet owners make?. The most common mistake pet owner make is treating ...
Why case-control study Best way to acquire knowledge about causes and protective factors of disease Both for outbreaks and endemic diseases Easy to perform and analyse Needs thorough planning Next step after surveillance and outbreak investigations
The coils of neurons to the mechanical events going to try to the neuron terminates on important. A higher specific as may be prevented by a negative feedback mechanism, where a muscular wall and triiodothyronine. Movement, will probably those that are harmless species causes peritonitis. The sugar molecules toward the speech areas, and pituitary gland. This process, and learning tool that is reduced. When we are irreg- ular heartbeats caused by a series of the nervous system. What has passed through one of peritonitis or a small, the blood. Sites walls of the destruc- tion of 60 years. Breathing, however, for the effect on the legs. The breathing again, including those with severe oxygen and release histamine is released to peritubular capillaries. Each will become thin- ner and oxygen or those of minerals are two atoms. When an endemic disease for chemical digestion of the neurologic functioning of eye. Bacteria complicate treatment with active if only function in the site. The heel bone is ...
Pierdon works with many producers who stay profitable in this niche market. But its not just about profits for them.. Especially for smaller operations and owner/operators, this is a niche that they can get into that finds them a home in the modern industry, he explained. Theyre able to do something that may be a little more intensive than the bigger players.. The keys to success start with what Pierdon calls a multi-faceted approach, starting with good, healthy breeding stock to minimize endemic disease. This helps baby pigs start healthy, free of disease and able to fight off minor health challenges on their own.. The proper environment and management also are required to keep the pigs as healthy as possible throughout their lives. Pierdon maintains that all-in, all-out production gives producers an edge when antibiotics are not available.. All-in, all-out gives you the ability to eradicate disease when it happens, he explained. Sometime the animals will become sick, and when you ...
Chris Warkup, Director of the Genesis Faraday Partnership in animal genetics and genomics and member of the initiative panel, commented: Research on endemic disease came out as the top priority when we developed a technology roadmap for the animal breeding and animal health sectors, so this new initiative by BBSRC and other sponsors is a really good match between industrial need and high quality research. The diseases are all high priorities for the industry and new approaches to their control will improve animal welfare, improve economic sustainability and help reduce the environmental impact of the food production industry. ...
China seeks to step up cooperation with Eurasian countries in border health quarantine procedures to prevent the spread of endemic diseases.
Welcome to the May 2014 Issue - Vol. 8, No. 1. Dear Reader,. It is with great enthusiasm and excitement that I present the latest issue of the Journal. The articles in this issue showcase the breadth and variety of research conducted in the health sciences by undergraduate students at Georgetown.. Schiavoni & Elmendorf report preliminary data pertaining to the extent of DNA methylation found specifically in evolutionarily-conserved retrotransposon elements. Their data yield inconclusive results regarding whether DNA methylation silences retrotransposon genes GilD, GilT, and GilM in Giarida lamblia. This preliminary investigation is an initial step in a larger project to elucidate the genetic regulation of Giardia, which relates to an endemic disease called giardiasis.. Boaz reports on the management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the challenges associated with properly managing the condition. Boaz finds that the current system of payment for the disease does not properly address its root ...
Model fits to data from three endemic settings.Age-profiles of the prevalence of infection generated by fitting the model (solid lines) to the data (squares and
Dear Reader:. 1. Glossary:. pathogen: the word comes from pathos which means suffering, and gen which means the producer of (disease). A Pathogen may be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. Pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites that produce disease.. Epidemic: the word comes from epi which means upon and demos which means people. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time.. Pandemic: the word comes from pan which means all, and demos which means people. A pandemic is an epidemic that spread across multiple continents, or worldwide.. Endemic infection: the word comes from en which means in or within, and demos which means people. it is an infection that is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a particular area without more added to it from other areas. The seasonal flu is an endemic infection; it occurs simultaneously in large regions of the world (not in one region and then ...
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Parasites cause much suffering mainly in countries of the southern hemisphere. Hundreds of millions of individuals are infected by schistosomes, leishmanias, plasmodiums, trypanosomes, and various other parasites, and severe clinical disease occurs in a sizable fraction of the infected population causing death and severe sequelae. The outcome, asymptomatic, subclinical or clinical disease, of an infection depends mostly on the parasite and on its host. Several groups analyzing the genetics of human susceptibility to parasites have began to identify the critical steps of the pathogenic mechanisms in a few parasitic infections such as malaria and schistosomiasis. The present article, which is not meant to be an exhaustive review of the field, illustrates the progresses made in this field from pioneer studies in animals to works in endemic populations using modern strategies of human genetics.. ...
İngilizce endemic nasıl söylerim? endemic için 3 ses telaffuzlar endemic telaffuz, 15 eşanlamlıları, 4 anlamları, 2 zıt, 16 çevirileri, 14 cümleler ve daha fazlası.
Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to , characteristic of , or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; native to an area or scope. It also has two specific meanings:* Endemism, an organism…
Pugh, R.N.; Theakston, R.D.; Reid, H.A., 1980: Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XIII. Epidemiology of human encounters with the spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis, in the Malumfashi area of northern Nigeria
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a leading cause of global morbidity with the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For reasons that are incompletely understood, the likelihood of HIV transmission is several fold higher in SSA than in higher income countries, and most of these infections are acquired by young women. Residents of SSA are also exposed to a variety of endemic infections, such as malaria and various helminthiases that could influence mucosal and systemic immunology. Since these immune parameters are important determinants of HIV acquisition and progression, this review explores the possible effects of endemic infections on HIV susceptibility and summarizes current knowledge of the epidemiology and underlying immunological mechanisms by which endemic infections could impact HIV acquisition. A better understanding of the interaction between endemic infections and HIV may enhance HIV prevention programs in SSA.
This study analyzes the characteristics and clinical outcome of Lyme neuroborreliosis in a high endemic area of Denmark over a 19-year period.
The details of bibliography - The potential impact of new generation molecular point-of-care tests on gonorrhoea and chlamydia in a setting of high endemic prevalence
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In many regions of South America there are overlapping endemic areas for American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) and Leishmaniasis. T. cruzi and Leishmania spp, the causative agents of these parasitoses belong to the Trypanosomatidae family and share various antigens that cause cross-reactivity in serological diagnosis when complex antigenic mixtures are used. We studied patients who sought medical attention because of cutaneous or mucocutaneous lesions typical of leishmaniasis infection. These patients were from the province of Salta where Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis are endemic diseases. Sixty-two patients gave a positive Montenegro skin test and, of these, 53 (85, 48%) showed the presence of amastigotes in Giemsa stained smears of dermal scrapings. Seven patients were not included because they were negative for both assays. We analyzed the leishmaniasic sera against homologous antigens to study the immune response and against complex heterologous antigens from T. cruzi to evaluate ...
Trachoma affects about 84 million people of whom about 8 million are visually impaired. It was once endemic in most countries. It is responsible, at present, for more than 3% of the worlds blindness but the number keeps changing due to the effect of socio-economic development and current control programmes for this disease. In spite of this, trachoma continues to be hyperendemic in many of the poorest and most remote poor rural areas of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Australia and the Middle East. The sequelae of active trachoma appear in young adulthood and in middle-aged persons. In hyperendemic areas active disease is most common in pre-school children with prevalence rates as high as 60-90%. It often strikes the most vulnerable members of communities - women and children. Adult women are at much greater risk of developing the blinding complication of trachoma than are adult men. This increased risk has been explained by the fact that women generally spend a greater time in close ...
Chagas disease continues to be a severe endemic disease that affects about eight million people in Latin America (OPS 2006). Most infected individuals...
COMMON DISEASES MALARIA Malaria is a common infectious or endemic disease. Periodic attacks of chills and fever without apparent cause always suggest malaria, particularly if the individual has been in the malarious area within the year. Definite diagnosis depends on demonstration of parasites in the stained blood smear. Causes: Following are the factors res-ponsible for the spread of this disease:Season: Malaria is a seasonal disease. In most parts of India, maximum prevalence is from July to November. Temperature: It affects the life cycle of malarial parasite. The optimum temperature for the development of malarial parasites in the insect vector is between 20-30 degrees C. Temperatures greater than 30 degrees G are lethal to the parasites. Humidity: Mosquitoes are most active at high humidity. Rainfall: During the dry and hot summer, malarial parasites do not multiply but as soon as the rains come and weather becomes humid, breeding of mosquitoes takes place at tremendous rate giving rise to ...
On February 8-10, Prof Susan Rosser, Prof Alistair Elfick and Dr Liz Fletcher attended the AGM of the MUII-Plus DELTAS programme held in Entebbe, Uganda, at the Uganda Virus Research Institute.. The MUII-Plus programme is well established and is directed largely to exploring the aetiology and pathology of infectious diseases pertinent to Sub Saharan Africa. The research initiative is funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK Aid and NEPAD and its long-term vision is to train African leaders in bioinformatics, immunity and infectious diseases, which it is doing admirably well.. Over three days, the Edinburgh team got a great insight of endemic diseases such as parasitic infections (Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis), tuberculosis and HIV, which continue to be the source of major sources of ill health in Uganda and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) more widely. An analysis of the ongoing research and areas of unmet needs will follow.. On the first day of the event, the Centre team presented to ,50 delegates on what ...
Dr. Davis was born in Chicago, Illinois, on July 2, 1911. He received a B.S. degree from the University of Illinois in 1933, an M.D. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1937, and a D.P.H. degree from Johns Hopkins in 1940.He became a commissioned officer in the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) in 1939 and was assigned to the Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health. In 1943, he served in North Africa as a member of a medical team investigating endemic diseases, particularly malaria and typhus.
AbstractBackground.High rates of endemic disease and recurrent epidemics of serogroup A and C meningococcal meningitis continue to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. A meningococcal A + C polysaccharide diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine may address this issue.Methods.In Niger three doses of a bivalent
Author(s): M. B. Abubakar 1*, I. Aini 2**, A. R. Omar 1, 2, M. Hair Bejo 1 Recieved Date: 2009-01-11, Accepted Date: 2009-03-25 Abstract: The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of Asian lineage and the subsequent spillover to other parts of the globe and spread of Eurasian-Africa H5N1 epidemic into domestic, wild birds and human have generated unprecedented attention in recent times and threat of potential pandemic via the avian-human link. Historically, from 1878 through 1955, fowl plaque was described as a high mortality disease of poultry in many countries throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America and Africa and the etiology was proved to be a filterable virus. In the 1930s through the 1950s, fowl plaque disappeared as an endemic disease in most part of the world. In 1949, the first report of a low virulent disease in chickens caused by LPAI virus was reported. In 1955, the etiology of fowl plaque was determined to be influenza A virus, which subsequently was ...
Do you know how much greenhouse gases your industry emits?. Global Warming. A phenomenon that is increasingly clearer to our eyes is Global Warming, which has caused changes in the Earths climate, such as: increase of the frequency and intensity of floods and drought; losses in agriculture; threats to biodiversity; changes in the hydrologic system with impacts on the hydro-electric power generation capacity; expansion of the vectors of endemic diseases; and sea level elevation.. The systematic analyses of the Inter-government Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that the global average temperature increase of the planet will be even greater in the future (it is forecasted that global average temperatures will increase between 2 and 4.5 oC until the end of the century) and demonstrate that such warming is caused by anthropic actions, which among other impacts cause the Greenhouse Gases emissions, thus demanding actions on the part of civil society, companies and other institutions to help ...
The main transmission method is via the ingestion of contaminated food and water and, sometimes, via the conjunctiva. The excretion routes are faeces, urine, nasal and conjunctival secretion, milk, abortions and open joints. Occasionally the disease is transmitted indirectly via fomites. Once the disease is present within a farm, it can stay there for a long time as an endemic disease. Generally low mortality.. Enters the body of the animal through ingestion, reaches and crosses the intestine, and reaches the blood; this results in early sepsis. At 24 h it is present in the spleen, pancreas, liver and brain. At 5 days the animals present with mastitis and infection of the joints (lameness), eye (conjunctivitis and keratitis) and the pregnant uterus (causing abortion).. ...
The main transmission method is via the ingestion of contaminated food and water and, sometimes, via the conjunctiva. The excretion routes are faeces, urine, nasal and conjunctival secretion, milk, abortions and open joints. Occasionally the disease is transmitted indirectly via fomites. Once the disease is present within a farm, it can stay there for a long time as an endemic disease. Generally low mortality.. Enters the body of the animal through ingestion, reaches and crosses the intestine, and reaches the blood; this results in early sepsis. At 24 h it is present in the spleen, pancreas, liver and brain. At 5 days the animals present with mastitis and infection of the joints (lameness), eye (conjunctivitis and keratitis) and the pregnant uterus (causing abortion).. ...
The Qianlong Emperor sought to conquer Burma to the south, but the Sino-Burmese War ended in complete failure. He initially believed that it would be an easy victory against a barbarian tribe, and sent only the Green Standard Army based in Yunnan, which borders Burma. The Qing invasion came as the majority of Burmese forces were deployed in their latest invasion of the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom. Nonetheless, battle-hardened Burmese troops defeated the first two invasions of 1765-66 and 1766-67 at the border. The regional conflict now escalated to a major war that involved military manoeuvres nationwide in both countries. The third invasion (1767-1768) led by the elite Manchu Bannermen nearly succeeded, penetrating deep into central Burma within a few days march from the capital, Ava.[14] However, the Manchu Bannermen of northern China could not cope with unfamiliar tropical terrains and lethal endemic diseases, and were driven back with heavy losses. After the close-call, King Hsinbyushin ...
Loranthus europaeus (LE) is a well-known medical plant that has been used as a folk medicine for long time ago. Recently many different researches have shown that it contains many bioactive compounds like: flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoides, phenolic acids and others. Cutaneous Leishmaniasisis (CL) is an endemic disease in Iraq since ancient time and now it is running major outbreaks. There are many modalities of treatments but researchers are always seeking for new treatments. Most recently Loranthus europaeus has been tried in treatment of CL in a form of 40% ointment and gives a very encouraging result when compared with other standard treatments.
Heart failure is an endemic disease affecting 250 000 Swedes. Despite new treatments such as modern medicines and defibrillators, the mortality rate is still high and the prognosis worse than for certain cancers. A new study from Lund University in Sweden now shows a link between cognitive impairment and an increased risk for rehospitalisation, or an early death, in heart failure patients.
To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive prospective study investigating the longitudinal impact of acute HIV-1 infection in an HIV-1 hyperendemic area such as the Manhiça district in Mozambique. This unique study confirms and extends previous findings in non-human primate models and provides critical insights into the impact of infections in the gut microbiome as well as into the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Endemic - restricted to one area. A species that is endemic to a place (Death Valley, for example) will be found nowhere else. On my last morning in Death Valley I decided to re-visit a few highlights. I went to see the globemallow again, and to see if the nearby beavertail cactus buds had opened…