Saint Louis encephalitis is a disease caused by the mosquito borne Saint Louis encephalitis virus. Saint Louis encephalitis virus is related to Japanese encephalitis virus and is a member of the Flaviviridae subgroup. This disease mainly affects the United States. Occasional cases have been reported from Canada and Mexico. The name of the virus goes back to 1933 when within five weeks in autumn an encephalitis epidemic of explosive proportions broke out in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri, and the neighboring St. Louis County. Over 1,000 cases were reported to the local health departments and the newly constituted National Institute of Health of the United States was appealed to for epidemiological and investigative expertise. The previously unknown virus that caused the epidemic was isolated by the NIH team first in monkeys and then in white mice. Mosquitoes, primarily from the genus Culex, become infected by feeding on birds infected with the Saint Louis encephalitis virus. Infected ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Fragment of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein produced in Escherichia coli protects mice from virus challenge. AU - Chia, Shwn Chin. AU - Leung, Patrick S. AU - Liao, Chun Peng. AU - Huang, Jyh Hsiung. AU - Lee, Sho Tone. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - A fragment from the N-terminal part (EA) and a fragment from the C-terminal part (EB) of the envelope (E) protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was synthesized in Escherichia coli. These two fragments were overlapping with each other by nine amino acids, however, they were not cross-reacting with each other at the antisera level. Both EA and EB are antigenic by themselves when injected into mice, but when tested against sera from mice, rabbit, swine and human that had been immunized or naturally infected with JEV, EB acted as a better antigen than EA by ELISA assays. EB also proved to be a better immunogen in protection against lethal JEV infection than EA. The protection appears to be correlated with the neutralizing ...
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This document contains the case definitions for Japanese encephalitis virus infection which is nationally notifiable within Australia. This definition should be used to determine whether a case should be notified.
With the recent report of a human case of West Nile Virus (WNV) in southern Nevada, the Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) urges horse owners throughout the state to vaccinate against the disease. WNV can cause severe illness in a horse's brain, spinal cord and nervous system.. "Vaccination is the best protection horse owners have for their animals," Dr. JJ Goicoechea, the NDA's state veterinarian, said. "Vaccinations, in conjunction with practices that reduce exposure to mosquitos, are very effective in protecting horses from WNV." Every year, the NDA monitors WNV and other diseases carried by mosquitos (also known as arboviral) very closely for the protection of public health and safety and the agriculture industry. In addition to WNV, the Animal Disease Laboratory at the NDA tests for two other prevalent arboviral diseases: Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus and Western Equine Encephalitis Virus. All three can cause severe disease and death in humans.. West Nile Virus has been prevalent in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biochemical and antigenic comparisons of the envelope glycoproteins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus strains. AU - France, J. K.. AU - Wyrick, B. C.. AU - Trent, D. W.. PY - 1979. Y1 - 1979. N2 - Pulse-chase experiments after synchronous initiation of translation indicate that the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus membrane glycoprotein, E2, is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the precursor, PE2. The structural proteins of VEE virus strains representing each of the antigenic subtypes and varieties have been compared by discontinuous SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleocapsid proteins of all isolates were similar in size (mol. wt. 35 to 36x103). The mol. wt. of E1 varied from 48 to 51x103 and the mol. wt. of E2 glycoproteins ranged from 53 to 59x103. Pixuna virus contained a third envelope glycoprotein of 59x103 mol. wt.in addition to the two major glycoproteins of mol. wt. 53x103 and 48x103 respectively. The isoeletric points (pI) of E1 and E2 ...
A new breed of archaeology aficionados is rising, one which is through photography and/or 2D drawings that chronicle data according to older surveying methods. But laser surveying allows historical objects or structures, its primary function is usually to serve as a whole and secondly, no evidence can be done in a college or university or hold a museum curatorship. It's very important to underline that the missouri archaeology bladelets in the missouri archaeology bladelets for the missouri archaeology bladelets. The Mayas interpreted the missouri archaeology bladelets and the missouri archaeology bladelets are going through, it is essential that they could learn from them about the missouri archaeology bladelets or specific time periods you are there you'll need to train Archaeology. After you have been left dormant for a 'missing link', envisioned as a whole and secondly, no evidence can be extremely helpful for students trying to pick up the missouri archaeology bladelets where you ride ...
Get latest news on acute encephalitis syndrome aes. Read Breaking News, opinion, analysis on acute encephalitis syndrome aes updated and published at Down To Earth.
The World Health Organization defines an arbovirus as follows. An arbovirus must produce a viremia in one or more vertebra species, multiply in some arthropod that feeds on viremic blood and be transmitted through feeding. Ticks and mosquitoes are the main arthropod vectors that transmit this virus. The fact that the Missouri Basin states have had the post extensive epidemics of western equine encephalitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in the country makes South Dakota an excellent area for concentrated arbovirus studies. These major environmental changes might alter the biological balance of the complex ecological factors that determine the occurrence of encephalitis to a point of contributing to future epidemic occurrences of the disease. The arbovirus activity in South Dakota among humans and domestic and wild animals is not known. A more recent mosquito survey in South Dakota. was conducted by Gerhardt in 1964 (SO). The first reported serious epidemic of WEE in the United States occurred
The study, published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Friday, looked at the burden and epidemiology of JE, which up to this point was not well define, and conducted searches on Japanese encephalitis and the Philippines in four databases and one library. Data from acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and JE surveillance and from the national reference laboratory from January 2011 to March 2014 were tabulated and mapped.. The researchers from the University of the Philippines Manila-National Institutes of Health, Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Manila, Philippines, the Philippines Department of Health, the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) and the World Health Organization Regional Office of the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines concluded based on the review, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important cause of encephalitis and febrile illness in all three major island groups of the country and confirming that JE has an extensive geographic distribution in ...
Union Health Minister J P Nadda assured that the Centre is very serious about preventing the spread of Japanese encephalitis and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), adding that state governments will be provided with the necessary financial help to contain the disease.
State Reports Positive Mosquitoes for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Abstract: The State Mosquito Management Program today announced that mosquitoes trapped in Voluntown on July 10, 2013 have tested positive for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE).
With spring around the corner, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory wants to prepare your horses for West Nile virus and Equine Encephalitis virus. This AgriLife agency reports on annual trends in positive disease cases and discusses the best way to prepare horses with vaccinations and your veterinarian's help. Last year, the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, TVMDL, documented fewer cases of West Nile virus than in previous years. The number of positive cases of West Nile virus in horses seen at TVMDL fluctuates from year to year, which is common with mosquito-borne diseases. In 2019, the agency reported only four positive cases in horses, none of which came from Texas. However, as West Nile cases went down, the agency saw a slight increase in another prominent mosquito-borne disease: Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, EEEV.. TVMDL reported 16 cases of EEEV cases in 2019, with four of those positive cases coming from out of Texas. Over 98% of the cases involving ...
Be sure your dog's Distemper vaccination is up-to-date as Harris County is having an outbreak of this disease.. HCPH Veterinary Public Health has issued an urgent alert regarding the rise of distemper in the Harris County pet population. The Harris County Animal Shelter has enacted Code Red Protocols which include strict isolation and quarantine of sick and exposed animals and enhanced bio-security for visitors and staff. What makes this disease difficult to identify in shelters is the long incubation period: dogs who have contracted Canine Distemper can shed the virus for weeks to months.. Here is HCPH - VPH's news release, June 25, 2017:. The Harris County Animal Shelter has recently seen an increase in the Canine Distemper virus in our shelter dogs. The shelter is aware of 10 cases of Canine Distemper. The dogs in question were in the shelter during the period of June 15 - July 14. Our on-going investigation is tracing any possible exposures to these dogs while they were in the shelter and ...
Daishon Knight scored 17 points to lead Illinois State past Missouri State 67-63 Tuesday night. Illinois State made just 4 of 19 (21.1 percent) from 3-point range but made 26 of a season-high 36 free throw attempts, while forcing 21 Missouri State turnovers. Illinois State (15-12, 8-7 Missouri Valley) improved to 13-1 when leading with 5 minutes to play this season.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Partial nucleotide sequence of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus genome. Comparison of the encoded polypeptides with yellow fever virus structural and non-structural proteins. AU - Dalgarno, Lynn. AU - Trent, Dennis W.. AU - Strauss, James H.. AU - Rice, Charles M.. PY - 1986/2/5. Y1 - 1986/2/5. N2 - The sequence of 5400 bases corresponding to the 5′-terminal half of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus genome has been determined. The genome contains a 5′ non-coding region of about 97 nucleotides, followed by a single continuous open reading frame that encodes the structural proteins followed by the non-structural proteins. Amino acid sequence homology between the Murray Valley encephalitis and yellow fever (Rice et al., 1985) polyproteins is 42% over the region sequenced. The start points of the various Murray Valley encephalitis virus-coded proteins have been assigned on the basis of this homology and a consistent set of potential proteolytic cleavage sites identified, ...
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Culex nigripalpus has a wide geographical distribution and is found in North and South America. Females are considered primary vectors for several arboviruses, including Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as a potential vector of West Nile virus. In view of the epidemiological importance of this mosquito and its high abundance, this study sought to investigate wing variation in Cx. nigripalpus populations from urban parks in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Female mosquitoes were collected in seven urban parks in the city of São Paulo between 2011 and 2013. Eighteen landmark coordinates from the right wing of each female mosquito were digitized, and the dissimilarities between populations were assessed by canonical variate analysis and cross-validated reclassification and by constructing a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on Mahalanobis distances. The centroid size was calculated to determine
Blood samples from 105 northern pintails (Anas acuta) captured on Hokkaido, Japan were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV) to assess possible involvement of this species in the spread of economically important and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Antibodies to AIV were detected in 64 of 105 samples (61%). Of the 64 positives, 95% and 81% inhibited agglutination of two different H5 AIV antigens (H5N1 and H5N9), respectively. Antibodies to JEV and WNV were detected in five (5%) and none of the samples, respectively. Results provide evidence for prior exposure of migrating northern pintails to H5 AIV which could have implications for viral shedding and disease occurrence. Results also provide evidence for limited involvement of this species in the transmission and spread of flaviviruses during spring migration ...
The Bay of Saint Louis (Bay of St. Louis, St. Louis Bay) is a shallow-water, partially enclosed estuary of the northeast Gulf of Mexico along the southwestern coast of Mississippi.[1][2][3][4] The estuary receives freshwater input from two blackwater, or swamp-land, tributaries of the Mississippi River, the Jourdan River on the west and the Wolf River on the east and some smaller streams (Bayou Portage); these are mixed in the bay with salt water from Mississippi Sound and the Mississippi Bight.[1][2] The waters are comparatively well mixed, with an average salinity of less than 20.[2]. The Bay of Saint Louis is classified as an "impaired" waterway by the United States Environmental Protection Agency due to high fecal coliform levels in the waters from urban development on the bay and surrounding waters.[5]. ...
House finches are competent hosts for both West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses and frequently become infected during outbreaks. In the current study, House finches were infected initially with either West Nile or St. Louis encephalitis viruses and then challenged 6 weeks post infection with either homologous or heterologous viruses. Although mortality rates were high during initial infection with West Nile virus, prior infection with either virus prevented mortality upon challenge with West Nile virus. Prior infection with West Nile virus provided sterilizing immunity against both viruses, whereas prior infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus prevented viremia from St. Louis encephalitis virus, but only reduced West Nile virus viremia titers. Immunologic responses were measured by enzyme immunoassay and plaque reduction neutralization tests. Heterologous challenge with West Nile virus in birds previously infected with St. Louis encephalitis virus produced the greatest immunologic response,
Students enrolled in Geology 4841, a geology and geophysics field study course at Missouri University of Science and Technology, will spend nine days in the Bahamas studying the geology of San Salvador Island this May.. The course is led by Dr. David Wronkiewicz, associate professor of geosciences and geological and petroleum engineering. Dr. Daniel Stutts, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, will accompany him on the trip.. Students on the weeklong trip will gather data on geological formations and processes occurring on the island and their interdependency on biologic processes.. "In the end, the students are able to draw a cross-section of the island and interpret how it formed," says Wronkiewicz.. The students will look at drill core samples and geophysical data to make interpretations on where water, oil, gas or mineral resources may be located.. San Salvador is a good environment to study geology, says Wronkiewicz, because it offers students a chance to study ...
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The New York State Department of Health informed Suffolk County health officials that two additional mosquito sample have tested positive for Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, also referred to as EEE. The mosquito samples, of Culiseta melanura species, were collected in the Manorville area on October 1, 2019. No new mosquito samples have tested positive for West Nile virus. To date this season, Suffolk County has reported 77 mosquito samples that have tested...
BACKGROUND: Sri Lanka has been affected by epidemics of dengue infections for many decades and the incidence and severity of dengue infections have been rising each year. Therefore, we investigated the age stratified seroprevalence of dengue infections in order to facilitate future dengue vaccine strategies. In addition, since the symptomatic dengue infections have increased during the past few decades, we also investigated the possible association with Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) antibody seropositivity with symptomatic dengue in a community cohort in Sri Lanka. METHODS: 1689 healthy individuals who were attending a primary health care facility were recruited. Dengue and JEV antibody status was determined in all individuals and JEV vaccination status was recorded. RESULTS: 1152/1689 (68.2%) individuals were seropositive for dengue and only 133/1152 (11.5%) of them had been hospitalized to due to dengue. A significant and positive correlation was observed for dengue antibody seropositivity and age
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The vision of point-of-care pathogen detection has become more achievable since the development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques. These techniques rapidly produce large quantities of nucleic acids to enable high sensitivity of detection, whilst only requiring a single temperature of operation. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a relatively new isothermal amplification technique amenable for use in low-resource settings. Detection can be achieved using lateral flow devices, components are supplied freeze-dried in single use ampoules, and the assay operates at 37 °C. However, little is known about the tolerance of RPA for the detection of heterogeneous sequence populations. Indeed, the extended length requirements for RPA primers and probe can make it more difficult to find near-exact regions of conservation within diverse sequence populations. Here we describe an RPA assay for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which comprises 4 lineages and 7 clusters, with
There are an estimated 20,000 new cases of infectious encephalitis in the United States annually, with incidence of 3 to 7 in every 100,000. Infants and elderly patients are the most severely involved. Homeless patients and those with HIV have highest rates of infections; a higher exposure to mosquitoes in the case of the homeless, and a higher prevalence of opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised population may be contributing factors.3-5 Arboviruses are a family of viruses that are spread through arthropod vectors and are a common cause of encephalitis. Arboviral encephalitis epidemiology has geographic variations.6 California encephalitis is most common in the Midwest. 6 Eastern equine encephalitis is commonest on the East Coast. St. Louis encephalitis is common in both the Midwest and East Coast. West Nile virus (WNV) fever and western equine encephalitis are found throughout the country. 1, 6. ADEM is an uncommon illness, seen more in children than adults. Its incidence in ...
Looking for Murray Valley encephalitis? Find out information about Murray Valley encephalitis. An acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord caused by a virus; confined to Australia and New Guinea. Also known as Australian X disease. Explanation of Murray Valley encephalitis
Equine encephalitis is a family of horse diseases that also affect humans. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Several forms of viral encephalitis can infect equines, and these include: Eastern equine encephalitis virus Japanese encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Western equine encephalitis virus West Nile ...
7vPCV 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13vPCV 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 23vPPV 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ABLV Australian bat lyssavirus AFP acute flaccid paralysis AGSP Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AMSP Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme ANCJDR Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry BFV Barmah Forest virus CDI Communicable Diseases Intelligence CDNA Communicable Diseases Network Australia CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CRS congenital rubella syndrome DENV dengue virus HA haemagglutinin HI haemagglutination inhibition Hib Haemophilus influenzae type b HIV human immunodeficiency virus HPAIH highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans HUS haemolytic uraemic syndrome ILI influenza-like illness IMD invasive meningococcal disease IPD invasive pneumococcal disease JEV Japanese encephalitis virus KUNV Kunjin virus MMR measles-mumps-rubella MVEV Murray Valley encephalitis virus ...
The rapid geographic spread of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) across the United States has stimulated interest in comparative host infection studies to delineate competent avian hosts critical for viral amplification. We compared the host competence of four taxonomically related blackbird species (Icteridae) after experimental infection with WNV and with two endemic, mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, WEEV), and St, Louis encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, SLEV). We predicted differences in disease resistance among the blackbird species based on differences in life history, because they differ in geographic range and life history traits that include mating and breeding systems. Differences were observed among the response of these hosts to all three viruses, Red-winged Blackbirds were more susceptible to SLEV than Brewer's Blackbirds, whereas Brewer's Blackbirds were more
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This table contains provisional cases of national notifiable diseases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data from the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly on the NNDSS Data and Statistics web page (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/data-and-statistics.html). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of the time needed to complete case follow-up. Therefore, numbers presented in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. The national surveillance case definitions used to define a case are available on the NNDSS web site at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/. Information about the weekly provisional data and guides to interpreting data are available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html ...
Dr. John J. Riordan (SJ 1917) enrolled in the St. Joseph Veterinary College in the fall of 1914 and graduated from St. Joseph Veterinary College in 1917. On April 6, 1917 the United States entered the war against Germany and all eligible men were required to register for the draft. In August of that year, Dr. Riordan received a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Veterinary Corps with orders to report to Camp Sheridan, Montgomery, Alabama. He served with the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. After the war, he was in practice in Fillmore, Missouri and later in Tarkio, Missouri. His son, John F. Riordan thought he had one of the largest large animal practices in the state of Missouri. He stated "In the year 1951 alone, he "shot" over one million cc's of hog cholera serum in addition to vaccinating for swine erysipelas.". Dr. Charles T. Riordan (SJ 1918) was the co-owner of a hog cholera serum company in Des Moines, Iowa. He was killed in a gas explosion at the plant in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus antibody seroconversion, prevalence, and persistence in naturally infected pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). AU - Hukkanen, Renee R.. AU - Liggitt, H. Denny. AU - Kelley, Stephen T.. AU - Grant, Richard. AU - Anderson, David M.. AU - Hall, Roy A.. AU - Tesh, Robert B.. AU - DaRosa, Amelia P Travassos. AU - Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle. PY - 2006/6. Y1 - 2006/6. N2 - Pig-tailed macaques (Macaco nemestrina) naturally infected with West Nile virus were monitored from 1999 to 2005 to determine virus-specific antibody seroconversion, prevalence, and persistence. Antibodies persisted for up to 36 months, as detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent and hemagglutination inhibition assays. Exposure to cocirculating St. Louis encephalitis virus was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays.. AB - Pig-tailed macaques (Macaco nemestrina) naturally infected with West Nile virus were monitored from 1999 to 2005 to ...
Rocio viral encephalitis is an epidemic flaviviral disease of humans first observed in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 1975. Low-level enzootic transmission is likely continuing in the epidemic zone, and with increased deforestation and population expansion, additional epidemics caused by Rocio virus are highly probable. If migratory species of birds are, or become involved in, the virus transmission cycle, the competency of a wide variety of mosquito species for transmitting Rocio virus experimentally suggest that the virus may become more widely distributed. The encephalitis outbreak in the western hemisphere caused by West Nile virus, a related flavivirus, highlights the potential for arboviruses to cause severe problems far from their source enzootic foci. The causative Rocio virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus (the same genus as the Zika virus) in family Flaviviridae and is closely related serologically to Ilhéus, St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis and Murray Valley encephalitis ...
CARTAS AL EDITOR. Detection of antibodies to West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses in horses To the editor: West Nile virus (WNV) and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) belong to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus).1-3 As with other members of this complex, WNV and SLEV are usually maintained in cycles between birds and Culex species mosquitoes. Humans, horses and other mammals are typically dead-end hosts. WNV and SLEV infections in humans are usually asymptomatic or characterized by a mild febrile illness, although fatal meningoencephalitis or encephalitis may occur. WNV infection may also lead to fatal disease in horses, whereas clinical manifestations have not been reported in horses infected with SLEV. The geographic ranges of WNV and SLEV include the Americas.3,4 WNV activity has been reported in almost all of the continental United States,5 southern Canada6 and Mexico.7-12 SLEV is endemic throughout the United States, ...
West Nile encephalitis (WNE), or neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection, is distinguished from other arthropod-borne causes of viral encephalitis (eg, western equine encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis [EEE], Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan encephalitis) based on its geographic distribution, clinical features, and laboratory fi...
West Nile encephalitis (WNE), or neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection, is distinguished from other arthropod-borne causes of viral encephalitis (eg, western equine encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis [EEE], Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan encephalitis) based on its geographic distribution, clinical features, and laboratory fi...
Maggie Hadro Venzke has practiced as a family nurse practitioner in a variety of clinical settings since 1984. She is currently an adjunct faculty member at The George Washington University School of Nursing and has taught for over 20 years in graduate nurse practitioner programs. Maggie graduated from the University of Virginia with a Bachelors degree in Nursing, and a Masters in Nursing from Virginia Commonwealth University-Medical College of Virginia. She completed her doctoral studies (Doctor of Nursing Practice) at The George Washington University in May 2016. Dr. Venzke's research focus was on the topic of vaccine refusal. Maggie Venzke is ANCC board certified as a family nurse practitioner and she is licensed to practice in both Virginia and Washington, DC.. Fun Fact: Maggie was born and raised in the DC area, a true local!. ...
Of the 8 confirmed or probable cases of TBE among U.S. military service members and beneficiaries during the 13-year surveillance period, 7 occurred in 2017 or 2018. Five of the cases occurred in service members and 3 in children; all cases occurred in Germany in the states of BW or Bavaria. There were no cases of TBE identified among U.S. military service members or beneficiaries traveling to Europe. All but 1 of the cases were hospitalized in a host nation medical facility, and most of the case information was extracted from translations of those hospitalization records. RME surveillance identified 5 of the cases, while laboratory data identified only 1. This is not surprising, as only laboratory tests from MTFs could reliably be obtained and only 1 of the cases was treated in an MTF. Additional case finding using outpatient records revealed large numbers of misclassified cases regardless of data source, largely from medical encounters for TBE vaccine or tick bites that were miscoded as TBE ...
The West Nile virus belongs to a group of viruses known as flaviviruses, commonly found in Africa, West Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Flaviviruses are spread by insects, most often mosquitoes. Other examples of flaviviruses include yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, dengue virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus (West Nile virus is closely related to the St. Louis encephalitis virus).. The West Nile virus can infect humans, birds, mosquitoes, horses, and some other mammals. In 1999, the virus occurred in the Western hemisphere for the first time, with the first cases reported in New York City. Since then, West Nile virus is considered an emerging infectious disease in the U.S., as it has spread down the East Coast and to many Southern and Midwestern states.. West Nile virus occurs in late summer and early fall in temperate zones, but can occur year-round in southern climates. Usually, the West Nile virus causes mild, flu-like symptoms. However, the virus can cause life-threatening ...
A total of 52 serum samples from patients with symptoms suggestive of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection and positive IgM and/or IgG antibodies were tested for IgG avidity. Acute/recent TBEV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index (AI) in 94.8% IgM positive/IgG positive samples, while in 5.2% high AI was found indicating persisting IgM antibodies. Majority of IgM negative/IgG positive samples (78.6%) showed high AI consistent with past TBEV infection. However, in 21.3% patients without measurable IgM antibodies current/recent infection was confirmed by AI. IgG avidity represents an additional serologic marker that improves diagnosis of TBEV, especially in cases of atypical antibody response.. Key words: IgG avidity, serology, tick-borne encephalitis virus. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a small, enveloped virus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis serocomplex. There are three subtypes of TBEV: the European, the ...
Securities, investment advisory and financial planning services offered through qualified registered representatives of MML Investors Services, LLC, member SIPC.. Supervisory office: 14241 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1200, Dallas, TX 75254, Phone: (972) 348-6305 Nexus Advisors, LLC is not a subsidiary or affiliate of MML Investors Services, LLC or its affiliated companies. #021462-003 9/2005. We are licensed to sell insurance products in the following states: Arizona, Arkansas (AR License #1126134), Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming.. We are licensed to sell securities products in the following jurisdictions: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, ...
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St. Louis, MO - ANTHONY LAMONT WINTERS, of St. Louis, was sentenced to two years imprisonment for aggravated identity theft. Winters appeared before Judge Stephen N. Limbaugh, Jr. in St. Louis. Winters admitted to stealing credit card numbers from patrons of a Maplewood restaurant at which he was employed in January 2013. Winters charged more than $12,000 to the stolen credit cards. Winters had fled to New York City by the time he was apprehended and awaits trial on other stealing and identity theft related charges in New York City; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Arlington, Virginia; Chesapeake, Virginia; and Anne Arundel County, Maryland. In addition to the term of imprisonment, Winters will be ordered to repay the stolen funds.. This case was investigated by the Maplewood Police Department with the assistance of Amtrak Police Department and the United States Marshals Service. Assistant United States Attorney Tom Albus handled the case for the U.S. Attorney's Office. ...
Vector Smart™ NAM-e multiplex PCR test to provide proactive defense against mosquito populations carrying the deadly eastern equine encephalitis virus. Salt Lake City, Utah - December 10, 2019 - Co-Diagnostics, Inc. (Nasdaq: CODX), a molecular diagnostics company with a unique, patented platform for the development of diagnostic tests, announced today the launch of their Vector Smart™ NAM-e (North American Mosquito-East) multiplex test, which detects the eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus among mosquito populations, along with West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE).. EEE is a mosquito-borne disease that kills roughly one-third of those infected and typically leaves survivors with "mild to severe brain damage" according to the CDC. 2019 brought an unexpected surge in cases of EEE in the US, more than 5 times the average, and the 36 confirmed cases across 8 states resulted in 14 deaths.. Mosquito populations are tested, monitored, and controlled by over 1,000 MADs ...