MIS Seminar - Dr Yossi Lichtenstein - Real Options in IT Risk Management: An Empirical Validation of Risk-Option Relationships. Recently, an option-based risk management (OBRiM) framework has been proposed to control risk and maximize value in IT-investment decisions. While the framework is prescriptive in nature, its core logic rests on a set of normative risk-option mappings for choosing which particular real options to embed in an investment in order to control specific risks. This study tests empirically whether these mappings are observed in practice. The research site is a large Irish financial services organization with well established IT risk management practices not tied to any real options framework. Our analysis of the risk management plans developed for a broad portfolio of 50 IT investments finds ample empirical support for OBRiMs risk-option mappings. While this shows that IT managers intuitions and practices correspond well with the logic of option-based risk management, we are

Gould, 1989: On the new Atlantic download psychodrama. empirical research and science 2 service, In Poleward Flows along Eastern Ocean Boundaries, phosphate. Edmunds, 1989: NERC North Sea Community Research Programme. Different download psychodrama. empirical research and of 3rd herbs.

Search and download thousands of Swedish university dissertations (essays). Full text. Free. Dissertation: Daylight Influence on Colour Design Empirical Study on Perceived Colour and Colour Experience Indoors.

Does Technology Acceptance Change the Way from CRM to Customer Loyalty?: An Empirical Study on the Banking Industry: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1568-7.ch006: This study explores the moderating effect of technology acceptance on the relationship between customer relationship management (CRM) in terms of distribution

Downloadable (with restrictions)! This paper reviews what we currently know about the benefits and costs of different varieties of a living wage: a local government requirement, now adopted by over 50 local governments, for wages above the federal minimum imposed on employers with some financial link to the local government. The review includes economic theory, empirical research on local labor markets, and empirical research on the living wage. The paper concludes that moderate living wage requirements applied to the local governments own employees, and contractors and grantees employees who are funded by the local government, may do more good than harm. Excessive living wages or living wages applied to non-city funded workers are more likely to have negative side-effects. The merits of living wages applied to economic development assistance depend on the local economys strength and whether this assistance program is used by the citys competitors. In a weak local economy, living wages applied to

The topic of this paper focuses on informal patient payments in Kosovo public health care system, and it includes an analysis of current anti-corruption institutions and policies as well as a description of findings from focus groups with regard to perceptions of doctors and patients about informal patient payments. The phenomenon of informal payments, similar to a number of south-east European countries, remains an intense question in Kosovo. This paper presents a small qualitative effort that tries to shed light on determinants of informal payments in the health sector of Kosovo and to identify who benefits, the characteristics and timing of payments, and the reasons for paying. The analysis derives from two focus groups that were organized with doctors and patients. The results show that informal cash payments are common for surgeries and childbirth and skipping waiting lines for diagnostic tests. Paying informally seems more likely to be a result of culture and tradition rather than ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Population differentiation as an indicator of recent positive selection in humans. T2 - An empirical evaluation. AU - Xue, Yali. AU - Zhang, Xuelong. AU - Huang, Ni. AU - Daly, Allan. AU - Gillson, Christopher J.. AU - MacArthur, Daniel G.. AU - Yngvadottir, Bryndis. AU - Nica, Alexandra C.. AU - Woodwark, Cara. AU - Chen, Yuan. AU - Conrad, Donald F.. AU - Ayub, Qasim. AU - Mehdi, S. Qasim. AU - Li, Pu. AU - Tyler-Smith, Chris. PY - 2009/11. Y1 - 2009/11. N2 - We have evaluated the extent to which SNPs identified by genomewide surveys as showing unusually high levels of population differentiation in humans have experienced recent positive selection, starting from a set of 32 nonsynonymous SNPs in 27 genes highlighted by the HapMap1 project. These SNPs were genotyped again in the HapMap samples and in the Human Genome Diversity Project-Centre dEtude du Polymorphisme Humain (HGDP-CEPH) panel of 52 populations representing worldwide diversity; extended haplotype homozygosity was ...

Paper , Order, or Assignment Requirements Briefly describe your final paper to your peers. Include the following in your description: • Describe the health and nursing problem, including supporting empirical research and theoretical perspectives. • Summarize current policies that direct care in the area of your selected problem. • Provide highlights from your ethics of care analysis. • Discuss the overarching conclusion you drew from the analysis. • Recommend one policy change that would address the unresolved health and nursing problem from an ethics of care perspective.. ...

Read chapter 4 Data Infrastructure for an Empirical Approach to Copyright Policy Research: Over the course of several decades, copyright protection has be...

Article What Does it Take to Sell Environmental Policy? An Empirical Analysis of Referendum Data. We analyze the factors that influence the support for environmental policy proposals. Swiss referendum data show that proposals obtain more yes-votes if...

Article Determinants of plant performance dynamics: empirical analysis of the manufacturing sector in Indonesia, 1990-2000. We identify determinants of plant dynamics and find their differences before, during, and after the Asian financial crisis. Th...

This paper proposes two hypotheses that urban housing prices inhibit urban labor mobility and urban high-tech industry development by introducing the extended CP model of housing prices. On this basis, using the data of the 9-city data of the Pearl River Delta from 2001 to 2015 to conduct empirical analysis and testing through the fixed-effects model, it is found that the increase of relative housing prices in cities will promote urban labor inflows and inhibit the development of urban high-tech industries. Factors such as education level, medical level, and government budget expenditure will, to a certain extent, strengthen the role of relative housing prices in promoting labor inflows and weaken the inhibition of urban housing prices on high-tech industries.

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Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Report of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition and FDA clinical trials clinical outcome assessment endpoints workshop (October 15, 2014, Bethesda MD). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

New directions in clinical outcomes assessment : VIth International Symposium on Interventional Electrophysiology in the Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias.

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of financial literacy, financial socialization, financial attitude, and financial confidence on financial well-being, either directly or through financial behavior. The population of this study are students of Economics Faculty of Semarang State University force year 2015, there are 536 students. The sample of this research are 230 students that is taken using Slovin formula with proportionate random sampling technique. This study used a quantitative approach and used questionnaire as data collecting method. Then, data analysis technique used descriptive analysis, path analysis, and sobel test. The results showed that financial literacy, financial socialization, financial attitude, financial confidence, and financial behavior have positive effect on financial well-being. Financial literacy, financial socialization, financial attitude, and financial confidence also have a positive effect on financial behavior. Then, financial literacy, financial ...

Based on a sample of 4,572 foreign patents, this article analyzes the sectoral and geographic sources of innovation in the international Food and Beverage industry at the four-digit level. Upstream industries are important contributors of innovation, especially for commodity-type industries. Technological intensity varies across the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) area. Association of inventive national industries with large corporate size and relevant overseas production is not generalized. While comparative technological advantage is not likely to challenge the international oligopoly in the short run, new entrants based on technical knowledge could contest specific markets of giant firms. Rivalry may increase in the new framework of the European Union. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The establishment of Shanghai Security Exchange on December19th,1990and Shenzhen Security Exchange on July10th,1991marked the formation of Chinas standard stock market. During the early stage of th

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on leadership and safety in order to highlight possible applications to health care. There are few studies of safety leadership in health care, so it is necessary to extrapolate from the studies that have been conducted in other industrial sectors (mainly energy and manufacturing). In those sectors, there is sufficient empirical research on leadership and safety to identify a generic set of effective behaviours at three organisational levels (supervisors, middle managers, senior managers; see table 1). It has already been suggested that transformational leadership may be an appropriate model for improving patient safety in health care26 and this paper discusses several studies that apply the transformational/transactional leadership paradigm to safety research. As not all of the studies reviewed use the transformational/transactional paradigm, table 1 indicates whether the behaviours identified at each management level are transactional or ...

Popular code coverage measures, such as branch coverage, are indicators of the thoroughness rather than the fault detection capability of test suites. Mutation testing is a fault-based technique that measures the effectiveness of test suites for fault localisation. Unfortunately, use of mutation testing in the software industry is rare because generating and running vast numbers of mutants against the test cases is time-consuming and difficult to do without an automated, fast and reliable tool. Our objective is to present an innovative approach to mutation testing that takes advantage of a novel aspect-oriented programming mechanism, called pointcut and advice, to avoid multiple compilation of mutants and, therefore, to speed up mutation testing. An empirical comparison of the performance of the developed tool, called Judy, with the MuJava mutation testing tool on 24 open-source projects demonstrates the value of the presented approach. The results show that there is a statistically significant (t(23)

Candilis, P. J., Lidz, C. W., Appelbaum, P. S., Arnold, R. M., Gardner, W. P., Myers, S., … & Simon, L. J. (2012). The silent majority: Who speaks at IRB meetings. IRB, 34(4).. Lidz, C. W., Simon, L. J., Seligowski, A. V., Myers, S., Gardner, W., Candilis, P. J., … & Appelbaum, P. S. (2012). The participation of community members on medical institutional review boards. Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: JERHRE, 7(1), 1.. Lidz, C. W., Appelbaum, P. S., Arnold, R., Candilis, P., Gardner, W., Myers, S., & Simon, L. (2012). How Closely Do Institutional Review Boards Follow the Common Rule?. Academic Medicine, 87(7), 969-974.. ...

Background This paper provides an overview of the empirical research on equity theory amongst staff working in services for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Method Relevant articles were identified by using the PsycINFO computerised database and by conducting manual searches of reference lists. Results Six studies were identified and reviewed. Staff often report that they feel under-benefited in their work-based relationships. Associations were found between staff equity perceptions and staff outcomes such as burnout, absenteeism and intention to leave. Conclusion Previous research findings on staff outcomes are discussed within the context of equity theory. The implications of staff equity perceptions for ID services are discussed and possible directions for future research are forwarded. It is suggested that equity theory may have some utility as a theoretical starting point from which to develop a comprehensive theory to integrate various strands of research on ...

This original book makes a timely and potentially controversial contribution both to the teaching of social policy and the wider debates surrounding it in Britain today. It offers a critical and theoretically-sensitive overview of the role of religious values, actors and institutions in the development of state and non-state social welfare provision in Britain, combining historical discussion of the relationship between religion and social policy in Britain with a comparative theoretical discussion that covers continental Europe and North America. Grounded in new empirical research on religious welfare organisations from the nine major faiths in the UK, the book brings together all of these perspectives to argue for an analytical shift in the definition of wellbeing through a new concept called ways of being. This reflects the moral, ideational and cultural underpinnings of social welfare. Written in a readable style, the book will appeal to students and tutors of social policy, as well as policy

Recent research on entrepreneurship has focused largely on macro-level environmental forces. Although researchers adopting this focus have rightly criticized much of the existing empirical research on the role of human motivation in entrepreneurship, we believe that the development of entrepreneurship theory requires consideration of the motivations of people making entrepreneurial decisions. To provide a road map for researchers interested in this area, we discuss the major motivations that prior researchers have suggested should influence the entrepreneurial process, as well as suggest some motivations that are less commonly studied in this area. In addition to outlining the major reasons for exploring these motivations, we identify the major weaknesses that have limited the predictive power of previous research on this topic. We offer explicit solutions for future research to adopt to overcome these problems.

This study was undertaken to explore the possible relationship between clinicians training in neutrality at Smith College School for Social Work and their enduring practice ideals with respect to neutrality. Grounded in the theoretical literature regarding models of psychodynamic therapeutic change, this research project sought to describe the role of neutrality in contemporary clinical practice, addressing a gap in comprehensive empirical research on this topic. Research data was collected from 224 alumni who graduated from Smith College School for Social Work (SCSSW) during the past 30 years and are currently practicing in the field of mental health. Participants completed an online survey designed to assess their training in neutrality at SCSSW, factors that have contributed to adaptation of participants practice stance since graduation, and the role of neutrality in participants current clinical work. The survey incorporated questions from an established survey measure, as well as questions

In 1978, Hall changed the direction of research on consumption by showing that under rational expectations, consumption should be a martingale.[7] Prior to this, influenced by Milton Friedmans permanent income hypothesis under adaptive expectations, economists had expected past income to affect current consumption by altering individuals expectations about their permanent income.[8] Instead, Halls theory pointed to a relation between current consumption and expected future income, which implied that consumption should only change when there is surprising news about income. This, in turn, implies that changes in consumption should be unpredictable (which is called the martingale property in statistics). Hall surprised the macroeconomic profession by providing evidence that consumption was, in fact, unpredictable. Subsequent evidence has shown that consumption is more predictable than he claimed,[9] but ever since Halls paper most empirical research on consumption has taken the martingale ...

By Paul Hubert. Can the forecasts of a central bank influence the expectations of private agents, and if so what are the reasons for this? A few hours after the press conferences of Ben Bernanke and Mario Draghi, here are some explanations.. The awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Economics to Thomas Sargent and Chris Sims for their empirical research on causal effects in macroeconomics highlights the role of the expectations of private agents in economic policy decisions. Because the expectations of businesses and households about inflation and growth affect their decisions on investment, consumption, savings, and wage demands, these are at the heart of the interaction between economic policies and their effects.. Since the 1980s, the main instrument of monetary policy has been the interest rate set by the central bank. Changes in this affect the economy and allow the central bank to arbitrate between economic growth and inflation through several channels, and in particular interest rates, ...

BACKGROUND:There is limited empirical research on the underlying gender inequity norms shaping gender-based violence, power, and HIV risks in sub-Saharan Africa, or how risk pathways may differ for men and women.

Hutchin Hill Capital has snapped up the latest Nobel prize in economics winner, even before it knew he had won the award.. New York-based Hutchin Hill told investors in September that New York Universitys Thomas Sargent had signed on as an adviser to the $1.5 billion firm, The New York Times reports. The following month, Sargent and Princeton Universitys Christopher Sims were announced as the winners of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy.. Professors Sargent and Sims will formally receive the award next month in Stockholm.. We believe working with Professor Sargent will be of significant value in developing a deeper understanding of the macroeconomic background that has had such a large impact on risk sentiment and asset prices, especially during the past three years, Hutchin Hill wrote.. Hutchin Hill was founded three-and-a-half years ago by former SAC Capital Advisors manager Neil ...

In meta-analyses, a CI is inadequate for clinical decision-making because it only summarises the average effect for the average study. The prediction interval is more informative as it shows the range of possible effects in relation to harm and clinical benefit thresholds. While we have focused on the situation where the separating threshold is the null, a different threshold may be considered. For example, in the prediction interval framework, one can calculate the probability that an effect is larger than B, where B may be a clinically meaningful effect (if the treatment benefit is less than B, then it is felt not to be worth it). A narrow prediction interval that lies completely on the beneficial side of a clinically relevant threshold increases confidence in an intervention. A broad prediction interval may indicate the existence of settings where the treatment has a suboptimal and possibly even harmful effect. In more than 70% of statistically significant meta-analyses of the Cochrane ...

BACKGROUND: Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to facilitate performance measurement for acute conditions.. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and feasibility-of-use of a performance measure set for community-acquired pneumonia in an ambulatory EHR.. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional electronic chart review.. SETTING: Primary Care Clinics.. PATIENTS: Adults with an administrative claims diagnosis of pneumonia during a 14-month period.. MEASUREMENTS: Two reviewers independently examined data in the EHR to determine if (1) the encounter was a visit for acute pneumonia; (2) there was documentation for each of 12 performance measures; and (3) such information was in coded form.. RESULTS: Of 688 encounters with a claim diagnosis of pneumonia, 210 (31%) were identified by either reviewer as a primary care acute pneumonia visit. The 2 reviewers agreed that 198 encounters to 71 different clinicians were visits for acute pneumonia [kappa, 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), ...

Publication: 24th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), 2014. Place Published: Munich, Germany. Pagination: 119-139. ...

Introduction: This study investigates the efficiency gains of integrated care models in Switzerland, since these models are regarded as cost containment options in national social health insurance. These plans generate much lower average health care expenditure than the basic insurance plan. The question is, however, to what extent these total savings are due to the effects of selection and efficiency.. Methods: The empirical analysis is based on data from 399,274 Swiss residents that constantly had compulsory health insurance with the Helsana Group, the largest health insurer in Switzerland, covering the years 2006 to 2009. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the different integrated care models, we apply an econometric approach with a mixed-effects model.. Results: Our estimations indicate that the efficiency effects of integrated care models on health care expenditure are significant. However, the different insurance plans vary, revealing the following efficiency gains per model: ...

Prediction intervals on Deming regression are a major new feature in the Analyse-it Method Validation Edition version 4.90, just released.. A prediction interval is an interval that has a given probability of including a future observation(s). They are very useful in method validation for testing the commutability of reference materials or processed samples with patient samples. Two CLSI protocols, EP14-A3: Evaluation of Commutability of Processed Samples and EP30-A: Characterization and Qualification of Commutable Reference Materials for Laboratory Medicine both use prediction intervals.. We will illustrate this new feature using an example from CLSI EP14-A3:. 1) Open the workbook EP14-A3.xlsx.. 2) On the Analyse-it ribbon tab, in the Statistical Analysis group, click Method Comparison and then click Ordinary Deming regression.. The analysis task pane opens.. 3) In the X (Reference / Comparative) drop-down list, select Cholesterol: A.. 4) In the Y (Test / New) drop-down list, select ...

Bibliography Review. Empirical research has extensively used patents for the measurement of innovation, taking advantage of their important advantages. However, empirical research has also highlighted their limitations when used in economic analysis. In relation to their advantages, patents are linked to and can measure both inventions and innovations. As a measure of inventions patents have a close (if not perfect) link to inventions (OECD 2009).. Patents cover a broad range of techniques, extending now to biotechnology and software, with first extensions towards services-related inventions (so-called business methods) (OECD 2005). Patents enable researchers to study and to assess different features of innovative processes. On the basis of the huge literature on patents, we can highlight some major research directions that have been examined through patents, such as the level of inventive activity, studied by Griliches (1990), Lanjouw and Mody (1996), Cohen et al. (2000) and Popp (2005). ...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present the current empirical research examining communication, compensation and logistics as elements of product crises management in retailing. Design/methodology/approach - The advantages and disadvantages of these three elements of crises response strategies are juxtaposed drawing on relevant empirical research. For each element of crises response the major findings of research are summarized and shown how it relates to crisis management. Needs for further research that would be necessary to solidify recommendations to retail managers are derived. Findings - The investigation finds that both communicative and compensatory response elements as well as the retailers logistics can positively influence evaluations of customers directly and indirectly affected by product problems thus enhancing brand equity. This in turn will serve to increase consumers trust in the retailer that could win him new customers and generally benefit his reputation. Research ...

Online gambling has been legalized in France in 2010. Licenses are issued to gambling operators who demonstrate their ability to respect the legal framework (security, taxation, consumer protection, etc.). The preventive measures to protect vulnerable gamblers include an obligation to provide online gambling moderators. These moderators should allow gamblers to limit their bets, exclude themselves from the website for 7 days, and consult the balance of the gamblers account at any time. However, there are only a few published reports of empirical research investigating the effectiveness of Internet-based protective measures implemented by French law. Moreover, no empirical research has yet studied the impact of bonuses on gambling behaviors. This research is an experimental randomized controlled trial, risk prevention targeted. The research is divided into four sub-studies depending on the studied moderator: limiting bonuses, self-exclusion, self-limitation and information. The study sample consists of

In this review, we examined the types of CS projects found in K-12 science education facilitated by digital technologies, the learning outcomes from students participation in these projects, and the type of digital technologies used. With the application of the studys selection criteria, 15 eligible publications were included in the review; these were indexed in three

This paper reports the findings from original empirical research that was designed in order to test three hypotheses. These hypotheses were formed as a result of critical analyses of popular literature in the sociology of gender and music. These hypotheses are: 1. The sex or gender of a composer is identifiable from the musical content of a composition; 2. Perception of gendering of music is related to the sex of the listener; 3. Musical sounds, or the organisation of sounds within a composition, infer sex or gender characteristics. An original empirical research framework was developed in order to test these hypotheses, mainly comprising a composer-sex attribution task for a bespoke listening sequence. The results suggest that gendered information is not represented in the gestures, structures and narratives of a musical composition; no codes are embedded in music by composers that might operate as hidden signifiers of gender; any gendered impressions experienced by a listener are imposed onto ...

On Dec 6 & 7 2019, we will host an international workshop on the Design of Institutions for Science and the Credibility of Empirical Research

TY - JOUR. T1 - Reconciling egalitarianism and royalism. T2 - media discourse and the Danish monarchy. AU - Phillips, Louise Jane. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. M3 - Journal article. VL - 20. SP - 59. EP - 70. JO - Media, Culture & Society. JF - Media, Culture & Society. SN - 0163-4437. IS - 2. ER - ...

Why Local Adaptation Sometimes Fails to be Effective for MNEs: Exploring the Dynamics of Collective Bonuses, Egalitarianism, and Informal Norms

I am an egalitarian. I make this statement with pride, but my journey into egalitarianism was a long one. In fact, my students are often shocked to learn that my once-traditional view of men and womens roles led to the biggest fight my husband and I had before we married. We argued over whether God approved of women preaching-with my husband trying to convince me that God calls women to be pastors.

While exploring and assessing vector-borne disease transmission models that might inform us about CHIKV ecology, we noted that true, first-principles transmission models have been developed for a limited suite of vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria and dengue (e.g., [43, 44]), and that models for other vector-borne disease systems have, for the most part, simply been adapted from these base models. Coarse scale predictions based on such transmission models will thus be limited in their applicability to other, more novel, surveillance-limited, large geographic-range, and less-well-studied disease systems such as CHIKV. We were particularly concerned about the effects of parameter selection for these models and their extrapolation to continental extents. Classic disease transmission models are a powerful tool with which to understand epidemics at the population level (e.g., SIR models; [45]), but they require parameters that may be difficult to estimate for a vast diversity of ...

Prolonged waiting times for elective treatment have long been considered a serious problem of the Norwegian health care system. Overall waiting times have, due to both supply and demand reforms, dropped significantly over recent years. Despite the positive development, many patients still face substantial waiting times. The analysis provides support for claiming that a policy of combining patient choice of hospital with the removal of geographical restrictions on referrals may contribute to the reduction in waiting times for individual elective patients. The main results of the empirical analyses were found to be robust over different statistical model specifications. Patients who chose to move hospitals benefit the most. They spend about 11 weeks less, on average, waiting for hospital treatment than those who neither chose nor moved. The results corroborate with the results of a few previous empirical analyses, like The London Patient Choice Project. There, a reduction in waiting times for all ...

The University of Gloucestershire has a vibrant academic community where creative research and cutting-edge scholarship are conducted at a high level. Our learning-led environment enables research to thrive, providing the best support for students.

This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, estimated the determinants of, and evaluated the relationship among adaptation practices using the multivariate probit model. A survey in 300 agricultural households was carried out covering 10 sample districts considering five agro-ecological zones and a vulnerability index. Four adaptation choices (change in planting date, crop variety, crop type and investment in irrigation) were deemed as outcome variables and socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, farm-level and perceptions variables were deployed as explanatory variables. Their marginal effects were determined for three climatic variables—temperature, precipitation and drought. Age, gender and education of head of household, credit access, farm area, rain-fed farming and tenure, are found to be more influential compared to other factors. All four adaptation-options are found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of impact of dependent variables in

The Intellectual Capital Investment and its Impact on Organizational Innovation: An Empirical Study on Jordanian Industrial Public Shareholding Listed Companies (JIPSLC)

Gratuit Suunto Traverse Alpha Stealth the GPS GLONASS outdoor watch Suunto Traverse Alpha Stealth. GPS GLONASS watch with versatile outdoor functions for fishing and hunting Wolfram MathWorld: The Webs Most Extensive Mathematics ... Comprehensive encyclopedia of mathematics with 13,000 detailed entries. Continually updated, extensively illustrated, and with interactive examples. Products CTC Organics FEMA: CTC: Name: 2005 : W0112: acetanisole (p methoxyacetophenone) 2005 : W0112A: p methoxyacetophenone see acetanisole: 2007 : W0225: triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) alpha ketoglutarate: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and ... Find patient medical information for ALPHA KETOGLUTARATE on WebMD including its uses, effectiveness, side effects and safety, interactions, user ratings and products ... Alpha lipoic acid University of Maryland Medical Center Alpha lipoic acid is an antioxidant made by the body. It is found in every cell, where it helps turn glucose into energy. Antioxidants attack free ...

Ali, A. & Bibi, C. (2016). Determinants of Social Progress and its Scenarios under the role of Macroeconomic Instability: Empirics from Pakistan. MPRA Paper 72920, University Library of Munich, Germany. Ali, A. (2015). The Impact of Macroeconomic Instability on Social Progress: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan. Ph.D Dissertation. NCBA&E, Lahore, Pakistan., 1-152. Ali, A. (2016). Issue of Income Inequality under the perceptive of Macroeconomic Instability: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan. MPRA Paper 74963, University Library of Munich, Germany. Ali, A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Life Expectancy for Sultanate of Oman: An Empirical Analysis. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 218-224. Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2016). The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 4(4), 182-193. Amin, A., & Thrift, N. (1995). ...

ContextRecent guidelines for management of pharyngitis vary in their recommendations concerning empirical antibiotic treatment and the need for laboratory conf

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties, namely acceptability, validity, reliability, interpretability and responsiveness of the EuroQol EQ-5D (EQ-5D visual analogue (VAS) and EQ-5D (utility)), Short Form 12 Dimensions (SF-12), SF-6D and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the hand. METHODS: The empirical investigation was based upon data from a randomised controlled trial of 488 adults with rheumatoid arthritis who had pain and dysfunction of the hands and/or wrists. Participants completed the EQ-5D, SF-12 and MHQ at baseline and at 4 and 12 months follow up. Acceptability was measured using completion rates over time; construct validity using the known groups approach, based on pain troublesomeness; convergent validity using spearmans rho correlation (ρ); reliability using internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha); interpretability using minimal important differences (MID); and responsiveness using effect sizes

The Eagles Nest :: Stevensville, Michigan :: An Empirical Investigation Into the Effect of Beta Frequency Binaural-beat Audio Signals on Four Measures of Human Memory

Since canonical machine learning algorithms assume that the dataset has equal number of samples in each class, binary classification became a very challenging task to discriminate the minority class samples efficiently in imbalanced datasets. For this reason, researchers have been paid attention and have proposed many methods to deal with this problem, which can be broadly categorized into data level and algorithm level. Besides, multi-class imbalanced learning is much harder than binary one and is still an open problem. Boosting algorithms are a class of ensemble learning methods in machine learning that improves the performance of separate base learners by combining them into a composite whole. This papers aim is to review the most significant published boosting techniques on multi-class imbalanced datasets. A thorough empirical comparison is conducted to analyze the performance of binary and multi-class boosting algorithms on various multi-class imbalanced datasets. In addition, based on the

The Department of Sociology develops professional sociologists who are creative researchers, scholars, teachers, and practitioners.. Within the theme of global transformations, MSUs Department of Sociology offers five areas of specialization. Most faculty and student research, teaching, and service focus on one or more of the following areas: Community and Urban; Environment; Family; Health and Medicine; and Migration.. Community and Urban. Faculty in community and urban studies explore new social theory and develop empirical research on groups living, working, and communicating across geographical boundaries, including cities, suburbs, and rural areas, as well as electronic communities and other spaces. The MSU sociology department is unique for its focus on deindustrialized legacy urban environments and rural communities of Michigan and the Great Lakes States, and for its international focus on globalization/world cities and development issues (in African, Asia, Latin America, and the ...

The Department of Sociology develops professional sociologists who are creative researchers, scholars, teachers, and practitioners.. Within the theme of global transformations, MSUs Department of Sociology offers five areas of specialization. Most faculty and student research, teaching, and service focus on one or more of the following areas: Community and Urban; Environment; Family; Health and Medicine; and Migration.. Community and Urban. Faculty in community and urban studies explore new social theory and develop empirical research on groups living, working, and communicating across geographical boundaries, including cities, suburbs, and rural areas, as well as electronic communities and other spaces. The MSU sociology department is unique for its focus on deindustrialized legacy urban environments and rural communities of Michigan and the Great Lakes States, and for its international focus on globalization/world cities and development issues (in African, Asia, Latin America, and the ...

Language acquisition has been studied from the perspective of developmental psychology and neuroscience,[57] which looks at learning to use and understand language parallel to a childs brain development. It has been determined, through empirical research on developmentally normal children, as well as through some extreme cases of language deprivation, that there is a sensitive period of language acquisition in which human infants have the ability to learn any language. Several findings have observed that from birth until the age of six months, infants can discriminate the phonetic contrasts of all languages. Researchers believe that this gives infants the ability to acquire the language spoken around them. After such an age, the child is able to perceive only the phonemes specific to the language learned. The reduced phonemic sensitivity enables children to build phonemic categories and recognize stress patterns and sound combinations specific to the language they are acquiring.[58] As Wilder ...

Despite the increasing amount of empirical research on gambling helplines (e.g., characteristics, effectiveness), little is known about gender differences on treatment outcomes following contact. The present research addresses this gap in the literature via secondary analysis of an uncontrolled outcome study of New Zealands gambling helpline (N = 150). To this end, the present research…

Findings: Empirical research on firearms and violence has resulted in important findings that can inform policy decisions. In particular, a wealth of descriptive information exists about the prevalence of firearm-related injuries and deaths, about firearms markets, and about the relationships between rates of gun ownership and violence. Research has found, for example, that higher rates of household firearms ownership are associated with higher rates of gun suicide, that illegal diversions from legitimate commerce are important sources of crime guns and guns used in suicide, that firearms are used defensively many times per day, and that some types of targeted police interventions may effectively lower gun crime and violence. This information is a vital starting point for any constructive dialogue about how to address the problem of firearms and violence. While much has been learned, much remains to be done, and this report necessarily focuses on the important unknowns in this field of study. ...

Consequentialist theories of criminal decision making assume crime is a choice that one undertakes if the perceived benefits of the act outweigh its costs. This a priori assessment of costs and benefits involves the use of several neurological components, including the amygdala-striatal system and the prefrontal cortex. Crime is commonly committed by individuals under the influence of alcohol and/or experiencing heightened states of emotional arousal. Both alcohol and arousal impact neurological functioning, including that of the amygdala-striatal system and prefrontal cortex. This chapter examines the influence of alcohol and arousal on criminal decision making from a neuroeconomic perspective. It discusses the neurological effects that alcohol and arousal may have on the identification and evaluation of criminal consequences. These effects bound ones rationality and increase the likelihood of criminal/aggressive behavior. Empirical research on alcohol, arousal, and criminal decision making is ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Supermax Prisons. T2 - Their Rise, Current Practices, and Effect on Inmates. AU - Pizarro, Jesenia. AU - Stenius, Vanja M.K.. PY - 2004/6. Y1 - 2004/6. N2 - In recent years, a number of new approaches in corrections have developed, one of which is the super-maximum, or supermax, prison. This article explores the roots of these institutions, explains how they operate, and examines their potential effects on inmate populations. The extant empirical research on supermax facilities suggests that these institutions have the potential to damage inmates’ mental health while failing to meet their purported goals (e.g., deterring inmates in the general prison population from committing criminal acts inside prison), resulting in added problems for correctional administrators and increased economic costs to public budgets without apparent benefits.. AB - In recent years, a number of new approaches in corrections have developed, one of which is the super-maximum, or supermax, ...

Posner has a good discussion of the various issue related to capital punishment. I will concentrate my comments on deterrence, which is really the crucial issue in the acrimonious debate over capital punishment. I support the use of capital punishment for persons convicted of murder because, and only because, I believe it deters murders. If I did not believe that, I would be opposed because revenge and the other possible motives that are mentioned and discussed by Posner, should not be a basis for public policy. As Posner indicates, serious empirical research on capital punishment began with Isaac Ehrlichs pioneering...

Confidence intervals tell you about how well you have determined the mean. Assume that the data really are randomly sampled from a Gaussian distribution. If you do this many times, and calculate a confidence interval of the mean from each sample, youd expect about 95 % of those intervals to include the true value of the population mean. The key point is that the confidence interval tells you about the likely location of the true population parameter.. Prediction intervals tell you where you can expect to see the next data point sampled. Assume that the data really are randomly sampled from a Gaussian distribution. Collect a sample of data and calculate a prediction interval. Then sample one more value from the population. If you do this many times, youd expect that next value to lie within that prediction interval in 95% of the samples.The key point is that the prediction interval tells you about the distribution of values, not the uncertainty in determining the population mean. Prediction ...

Livongo (Nasdaq: LVGO), a leading Applied Health Signals company empowering people with chronic conditions to live better and healthier lives, has partnered with Dexcom, Inc. (NASDAQ: DXCM), a leader in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), to offer Livongo Members the ability to synch data from their Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring System with the Livongo platform, providing access to key insights and Health Nudges™ from Livongos Applied Health Signals platform based on their CGM data.. The Dexcom G6 system accurately measures glucose levels just beneath the surface of the skin and sends data wirelessly every five minutes. The G6 includes a slim, water-resistant sensor that is discreet, easy to insert, and is FDA-cleared to make diabetes treatment decisions without confirmatory fingersticks or calibration*. The system features customizable alarms and alerts to warn users of dangerous glucose levels, even while they are asleep.. Combining Dexcoms leading Continuous Glucose Monitoring ...

Generations X and Y, which together account for a large majority of todays law school classes, are unlike previous generations in their approach to learning.

This book presents an approach to quantifying consciousness and its various states. It represents over ten years of work in developing, test ing, and researching the use of relatively simple self-report question naires in the retrospective assessment of subjective or phenomenologi cal experience. While the simplicity of the method allows for subjective experience to be reliably and validly assessed across various short stim ulus conditions, the flexibility of the approach allows the cognitive psy chologist, consciousness researcher, and mental health professional to quantify and statistically assess the phenomenological variables associ ated with various stimulus conditions, altered-state induction tech niques, and clinical procedures. The methodology allows the cognitive psychologist and mental health professional to comprehensively quantify the structures and pat terns of subjective experience dealing with imagery, attention, affect, volitional control, internal dialogue, and so forth to determine how

This book presents an approach to quantifying consciousness and its various states. It represents over ten years of work in developing, test ing, and researching the use of relatively simple self-report question naires in the retrospective assessment of subjective or phenomenologi cal experience. While the simplicity of the method allows for subjective experience to be reliably and validly assessed across various short stim ulus conditions, the flexibility of the approach allows the cognitive psy chologist, consciousness researcher, and mental health professional to quantify and statistically assess the phenomenological variables associ ated with various stimulus conditions, altered-state induction tech niques, and clinical procedures. The methodology allows the cognitive psychologist and mental health professional to comprehensively quantify the structures and pat terns of subjective experience dealing with imagery, attention, affect, volitional control, internal dialogue, and so forth to determine how

These clusters are typically not fleeting, they can explain the true if…then… conditionals, and they are manifest in the persons behavioral signature over time. So if I see a rat on my bed, I will tend to behave a certain way. Similarly if a few months later I see a rat in the kitchen, and so forth.. But now that we have clusters of psychological dispositions, we have everything we need for a person to have moral character traits too. For we can just equate a moral character trait with a cluster of cognitive-affective units which pertain to a given moral domain (as Mischel seems willing to do in some places; see Mischel and Shoda 1995: 257; Mischel 1999a: 456). Furthermore, they will be traits with causal powers, since the psychological dispositions which are their components have casual powers. Plus they can be global character traits too-they can be activated in a variety of different situations. In my simple example, the cluster of psychological dispositions associated with my seeing ...

A major concern to the inclusion in systematic reviews of studies originating in China and published in Chinese journals refers to the quality of study reporting. In this systematic survey of randomized trials, we compared the characteristics of studies published in Chinese journals with those of studies published in Western journals. We included 69 studies comparing citalopram with other antidepressant drugs in the treatment of major depression. Of these, 37 (54%) were published in Chinese journals. The standard of reporting was generally poor in both Western and Chinese studies. In some Chinese studies, the generation of the randomization sequence raised concern about their experimental nature, and in almost all included studies, the concealment of allocation was not properly described. Blinding was seldom adopted in Chinese studies, and the risk of sponsorship bias was uncertain because Chinese studies did not report any financial support. In most Western studies, outcome data were selectively and

Single Sign-On (SSO) allows users to effortlessly navigate the Web and obtain a personalized experience without the hassle of creating and managing accounts across different services. Due to its proliferation, user accounts in identity providers are now keys to the kingdom and pose a massive security risk. In this paper we investigate the security implications of SSO and offer an in-depth analysis of account hijacking in the modern Web. Our experimental methodology explores multiple aspects of the attack workflow and reveals significant variance in how services deploy SSO. We first present a cookie hijacking attack for Facebook that results in complete account takeover, which in turn can be used to compromise accounts in services that support SSO. Next we introduce several novel attacks that leverage SSO for maintaining long-term control of user accounts. We empirically evaluate our attacks against 95 major web and mobile services and demonstrate their severity and stealthy nature. Next we ...

This research empirically investigates the relative optimality of several different methods of making refinancing decisions on residential mortgages. The results indicate that a simple rule of refinancing whenever the mortgage rate has dropped 1% was approximately as effective as application of an option pricing model in minimizing the cost of financing over the 1980-2007 interval. ...

2.1 Capital Buffers For Peura and Keppo (2006), the capital structure chosen by banks is, in essence, defined by their risk management decisions, since banks do not use capital as a form of financing, but rather, as a buffer against their assets exposed to risk, which need to be managed in order to satisfy a minimum capital required with relation to possible future adversities. According to the authors, it is implicit that violation of this minimum capital value results in costs for banks, or a need for restrictions on their portfolios of assets, or new capitalization. Elizalde and Repullo (2007) also add support to this idea, claiming that the non observation of a regulatory minimum could even result in banks closing, prompting capital levels to be held that are above the minimum required. Shrieves and Dahl (1992) relate some factors that affect the capital held by banks, such as bankruptcy costs, caused by the exposure of their assets to risk, and management aversion to risk, originating from ...

Under the EU Directive 2004/28/EC, an environmental risk assessment of new veterinary medicinal products is required. Given the nature of risk assessment for new applications, there is a need to model exposure concentrations. Critical evaluations are essential to ensure that the use of models by regulators does not result in the propagation of misleading information. The empirical validations of soil exposure models, previously discussed in this journal, indicate that it is impossible to analyse the contribution of every model parameter to the variability in the predictions. In particular, the prediction of the slurry concentration is challenged by uncertainties concerning dilution, mixing and dissipation of residues. Surface water and groundwater models generated highly deviating results compared to the field results, questioning the usefulness of the available screening models. Animal husbandry, slurry handling and environmental conditions throughout Europe are considered in order to define ...

Under the EU Directive 2004/28/EC, an environmental risk assessment of new veterinary medicinal products is required. Given the nature of risk assessment for new applications, there is a need to model exposure concentrations. Critical evaluations are essential to ensure that the use of models by regulators does not result in the propagation of misleading information. The empirical validations of soil exposure models, previously discussed in this journal, indicate that it is impossible to analyse the contribution of every model parameter to the variability in the predictions. In particular, the prediction of the slurry concentration is challenged by uncertainties concerning dilution, mixing and dissipation of residues. Surface water and groundwater models generated highly deviating results compared to the field results, questioning the usefulness of the available screening models. Animal husbandry, slurry handling and environmental conditions throughout Europe are considered in order to define ...

Redhead, J.W., Stratford, C., Sharps, K., Jones, L., Ziv, G., Clarke, D., Oliver, T.H. & Bullock, J.M. (2016) Empirical validation of the InVEST water yield ecosystem service model at a national scale. Science of the Total Environment, 569, 1418-1426 ...

PowerLyra additionally proposes a new hybrid graph cut algorithm that embraces the best of both worlds in edge-cut and vertex-cut, which adopts edge-cut for low-degree vertices and vertex-cut for high-degree vertices. Theoretical analysis shows that the expected replication factor of random hybrid-cut is always better than both random vertex-cut and edge-cut. For skewed power-law graph, empirical validation shows that random hybrid-cut also decreases the replication factor of current default heuristic vertex-cut (Grid) from 5.76X to 3.59X and from 18.54X to 6.76X for constant 2.2 and 1.8 of synthetic graph respectively. We also develop a new distributed greedy heuristic hybrid-cut algorithm, namely Ginger, inspired by Fennel (a greedy streaming edge-cut algorithm for a single machine). Compared to Gird vertex-cut, Ginger can reduce the replication factor by up to 2.92X (from 2.03X) and 3.11X (from 1.26X) for synthetic and real-world graphs accordingly. ...

PowerLyra additionally proposes a new hybrid graph cut algorithm that embraces the best of both worlds in edge-cut and vertex-cut, which adopts edge-cut for low-degree vertices and vertex-cut for high-degree vertices. Theoretical analysis shows that the expected replication factor of random hybrid-cut is always better than both random vertex-cut and edge-cut. For skewed power-law graph, empirical validation shows that random hybrid-cut also decreases the replication factor of current default heuristic vertex-cut (Grid) from 5.76X to 3.59X and from 18.54X to 6.76X for constant 2.2 and 1.8 of synthetic graph respectively. We also develop a new distributed greedy heuristic hybrid-cut algorithm, namely Ginger, inspired by Fennel (a greedy streaming edge-cut algorithm for a single machine). Compared to Gird vertex-cut, Ginger can reduce the replication factor by up to 2.92X (from 2.03X) and 3.11X (from 1.26X) for synthetic and real-world graphs accordingly. ...

Andersen E. (1995). Residual analysis in the polytomous Rasch model. Psychometrika, 60(3), 375-393.. Andrich D. (1995). Distinctive and incompatible properties of two common classes of IRT modules for graded responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19(1), 101-119.. Bezruczko N. (1995). Validation of a multiple choice visual arts achievement test. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 55(4), 664-674.. Bond T. (1995). Piaget and measurement: I. The twain really do meet. Archives De Psychologie, 63(245), 71-87.. Bond T. (1995). Piaget and measurement II: Empirical validation of the Piagetian model. Archives De Psychologie, 63(246), 155-185.. Bond T., Bunting E. (1995). Piaget and measurement: III. Reassessing the methode clinique. Archives De Psychologie, 63(247), 231-255.. Crowther C., Batchelder W., Hu X. (1995). A measurement-theoretic analysis of the fuzzy logic model of perception. Psychological Review, 102, 396-408.. Dickson H., Kohler F. (1995). The Functional Independence Measure: A ...

This thesis investigates the effects of environmental shocks, in the form of natural disasters and rainfall volatility, on economic development. I pursue both theoretical and empirical investigations of these issues. In Chapters 2 and 3, I present theoretical analyses of the impacts of disaster shocks on investment in physical and human capital, respectively. I show that the investment response to disasters depends on access to credit, and that where access to credit is problematic, investment will not fully compensate for the destruction of assets due to the disaster event. I also conduct empirical analysis of the effects of disasters for economic growth and for education and health outcomes, at a macro level, i.e. using country-level data. My analysis is based on a panel of data that covers 170 countries, for the period 1979-2007 and includes data on thousands of disaster events. I find, in contrast to some of the existing literature on the economics of natural dis... ...

The studies in this collection address a topic that has recently become the focus of considerable interest in second language acquisition (SLA) research: the acquisition of articles. Languages appear to vary in whether they have articles (English, German, Norwegian do, but Chinese, Japanese, Russian do not). Languages that have articles also appear to divide into those that realise definiteness (e.g. English) and those that realise specificity (e.g. Samoan). When speakers of one type of language learn an L2 of a different type, issues of central concern to SLA research arise: the nature of L1 influence, the time course of development, ultimate attainment, the relationship between performance and competence, and the role of Universal Grammar. These issues are considered in nine studies, written by researchers whose work is at the forefront of enquiry, that offer new data, new perspectives and new insights into the way L2 speakers acquire articles ...

Over the years, Ive probably had more hits on my Sand Wont Save You This Time post than on any other single one on the site. That details the fun you can have with chloride trifluoride, and believe me, it continues (along with its neighbor, bromine trifluoride) to be on the Things I Wont Work With list. The only

The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS) conducts population-based research into the need for, access to, evaluation of, and delivery of healthcare. The IAHS provides staff with the support and facilities required to conduct multidisciplinary work to the highest of standards. As well as producing high quality research findings, the Institute contributes to building capacity in health service research by providing training and development opportunities for its members.. The IAHS undertakes work within the broad areas of hospital based clinical disciplines, population health, health services research and health economics. The Academic Groups, who all function under the umbrella of the IAHS, cover specialties in both clinical and non-clinical (methodological) areas of research. The majority of research within the IAHS addresses issues relevant to the clinical topics of musculoskeletal disease (including chronic pain), reproductive health, respiratory disease, urology eye disease, mental ...

College of Health and Human Services 504 Life Sciences Building, 419-372-8109 The applied health science degree is designed to prepare graduates for work in a health-related field and for further education and training at the post-baccalaureate level. The AHS degree consists of six separate specializations which have common BG Perspective, core, and supportive requirements but differing specialization courses. The diversified curriculum provides a strong background in the basic sciences and emphasizes the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Allied Health speicalization - Fall 2018 course requirements The allied health specialization is open to any student who has completed an accredited associate degree program in an allied health field. Those courses which comprise the technical or clinical practice component of the associate degree may be used to satisfy the specialization requirements of the baccalaureate degree. Health Care Administration specialization - Fall 2018 course

Yongqi Dong, a researcher at University of Waterloo visited Certus on June 17/18, and gave a talk on applied machine learning in shared mobility.. Abstract: In this presentation, I will share my exploration in ML and data-driven research and my general ideas about Validation intelligence for Autonomous Systems, especially ML-based systems.. Firstly, I will talk about Data-Driven Research in Shared Mobility, focusing on how to modeling shared mobility problem from a spatial-temporal aspect. (An Empirical Study on Travel Patterns of Internet Based Ride-Sharing published on Transportation Research Part C).. Then, I will introduce my exploration in DL for prediction and classification problems, using my participated Kaggle Competitions. Also, I will cover a little about Deep Reinforcement learning for controlling problems. A proposed shared mobility solution which combines DL for prediction and DRL for controlling will also be introduced.. Finally, I will share my general ideas about testing ...

How do changes in employment uncertainty matter for fertility? Empirical studies on the impact of employment uncertainty on reproductive decision-making offer a variety of conclusions, ranging from ge

Equitable and Sustainable Development of Foreign Land Acquisitions: Lessons, Policies, and Implications: 10.4018/978-1-4666-7405-9.ch001: Large-scale agricultural land acquisitions have been covered substantially in recent literature. Despite the wealth of theoretical and empirical studies on

Econometrics has moved from a specialized mathematical description of economics to an applied interpretation based on empirical research techniques - and the modern approach of this innovative book is proof. Introductory Econometrics bridges the gap between the mechanics of econometrics and modern applications of econometrics by employing a systematic approach motivated by the major problems currently facing applied researchers. Offering a solid foundation for social science research, the book provides important knowledge used for empirical work and carrying out research projects in a variety of fields.

Recent research into tourisms effects on island ecologies has led to some extremely worrying observations. For instance, Stefan Gösslings empirical study on

February 15th, 2011 in Uncategorized 1 comment Why is it wrong to kill babies? Why is it wrong to take advantage of mentally retarded people? To lie with the intention of cheating someone? To steal, especially from poor people? Is it possible that Medieval European society was wrong to burn women suspected of witchcraft? Or did they save mankind from impending doom by doing so? Is it wrong to kick rocks when youre in a bad mood?. Questions of right and wrong, such as these, have for millenia been answered by religious authorities who refer to the Bible for guidance. While the vast majority of people still turn to Abrahamic religious texts for moral guidance, there are some other options for developing a moral code. Bibles aside, we can use our natural sense of whats right and wrong to guide our actions; a code based on the natural sense would come from empirical studies on what most people consider to be right or wrong. Ignoring the logistics of creating such as code, we should note that the ...

This paper seeks to identify the impact of the level of development on the return to export expansion, while controlling for capital and labor in a neoclassical rendering of an economy. The paper utilizes a switching regression estimation procedure to determine the level of development that best divides middle from high income countries as regards growth associated with export expansion. Such a division may be used, among other things, to provide an objective criterion for graduation from GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) treatment. The results suggest that the current GSP graduation level may be too high.

We consider reading techniques a fundamental means of achieving high quality software. Due to the lack of research in this area, we are experimenting with

Background: For the past two decades, more and more women in certain European countries, Japan, and the United States are giving birth to their first child at a