Cytoplasmic localization and chordamesoderm induction in the frog embryo | Development
The experiments described here were designed to reveal the distribution in the frog early embryo of components which are sufficient for specification of the dorsal structures of the embryonic body axis. The approach was to allow cleavage planes to divide the embryo into various well-defined regions and to transplant cells from each region into recipient embryos which would otherwise fail to form axial structures. Partial or complete body axis development could then be scored by the use of external criteria or histological methods. Recipients were embryos which had been irradiated before first cleavage with ultraviolet light on the vegetal surface. Irradiated embryos display a well-characterized set of deficiencies in the dorsal structures of the body axis, but their development can be rescued toward normalcy in several ways. In particular, transplantation of certain small groups of blastomeres from the normal 32- to 64-cell embryo into irradiated recipients was sufficient to cause partial or ...
Neurula | Definition of Neurula by Merriam-Webster
Neurula definition is - an early vertebrate embryo which follows the gastrula and in which nervous tissue begins to differentiate and the basic pattern of the vertebrate begins to emerge.
Frog Embryo 60X - Stock Image C009/3462 - Science Photo Library
Light micrograph showing a section of frog embryo in advanced gastrulation. Magnification 60X when printed at 10cm. - Stock Image C009/3462
Ectopic expression Ectopic expression. Embryos a-c are | Open-i
Ectopic expression Ectopic expression. Embryos a-c are viewed laterally with the posterior pole to the right, embryos d-i are viewed dorsally. Expression of Wun
Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American...
Since Darwins time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. Bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. Here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of A. franciscana in its native range in the Americas. We examined the sequence variation for two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S for a subset of the data) in a large set of population samples representing the entire native range of A. franciscana. Furthermore, we performed Mantel tests and redundancy analyses (RDA) to test the role of flyways, geography and human introductions on the phylogeography and population genetic structure at a continental scale. A. franciscanamitochondrial DNA was very diverse, with two main clades, largely corresponding to Pacific
Retinoid Signalling in the Vertebrate Embryo » Brill Online
Many findings indicate that active retinoids (vitamin A metabolites, which are known to be hormone-like ligands), are regulatory signals during embryogenesis. Treating early vertebrate embryos with retinoids can cause teratogenesis. Notably, it generates specific defects in the main body axis. Considering other data showing that early vertebrate embryos contain physiolocally relevant concentrations of endogenous active retinoids and express retinoid binding proteins and receptors, it is not unlikely that retinoids act as developmental signals, which regulate axial patterning in the early vertebrate embryo. The purpose of this review is to discuss this point, referring to retinoid teratogenesis, and to the availabilities and functions of retinoid ligands, biding proteins and receptors in the early embryo.
Embryonic exposure to 4-methylimidazole leads to zebrafish myofibril misalignment<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Embryonic exposure to 4-methylimidazole leads to zebrafish myofibril misalignment. AU - Tsai, Jen Ning. AU - Sun, Chiao Yin. AU - Ding, Yu Ju. AU - Wang, Yun Hsin. AU - Lo, Kang Chieh. AU - Wen, Chi Chung. AU - Lin, Jia Wei. AU - Chang, Chiung Fang. AU - Hsu, Li Sung. AU - Chen, Hui Min. AU - Fong, Tsorng Harn. AU - Chen, Yau Hung. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - 4-methylimidazole (4-MI) is an imidazole-derived organic chemical compound that can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of diverse chemicals and has been identified as an ingredient of caramel color in soybean sauce, beers, and other soft drinks. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of 4-MI during zebrafish embryogenesis. Zebrafish embryos were treated with different dosages of 4-MI (0-120 mM) for different exposure durations (12-60 hours). The percentages of embryos with malformed phenotypes increased as the exposure dosages and duration time of 4-MI increased. We also used ...
A complete second gut induced by transplanted micromeres in the sea urchin embryo | Science
Founder cells for most early lineages of the sea urchin embryo are probably specified through inductive intercellular interactions. It is shown here that a complete respecification of cell fate occurs when 16-cell stage micromeres from the vegetal pole of a donor embryo are implanted into the animal pole of an intact recipient embryo. Animal pole cells adjacent to the transplanted micromeres are respecified from presumptive ectoderm into vegetal plate founder cells. These induced vegetal plate cells express the entire battery of genes characteristic of the endogenous vegetal plate cells. The ectopic vegetal plate invaginates during gastrulation to form a second archenteron which differentiates properly into a tripartite gut, as shown by the spatial pattern of expression of an endoderm-specific marker gene. Thus, transplanted micromeres can signal neighboring cells to induce them to change their fate. ...
Reorganization of Vegetal Cortex Microtubules and Its Role in Axis Induction in the Early Vertebrate Embryo | IntechOpen
In vertebrate species, induction of the embryonic axis is initiated by the transport of maternally supplied determinants, initially localized to the vegetal pole of the egg, toward the prospective organizer in the animal region. This transport process remains incompletely understood. Here, we review studies involving embryonic manipulations, visualization, and functional analysis of the cytoskeleton and loss- and gain-of-function conditions, which provide insights in this process. Transport of dorsal determinants requires cytoskeletal reorganization of a vegetal array of microtubules, microtubule motors, and an off-center movement of the vegetal cortex with respect to the inner egg core, a so-called cortical rotation. Additional mechanisms may be used in specific systems, such as a more general animally directed movement found in the teleost embryo. Initial polarity of the microtubule movement depends on early asymmetries, which are amplified by the movement of the outermost cortex. An interplay between
FGF signaling is required for β-catenin-mediated induction of the zebrafish organizer | Development
FGF signaling is involved in patterning and tissue formation of early vertebrate embryos (reviewed by Sivak and Amaya, 2004; Böttcher and Niehrs, 2005). Expression of XFD, a dominant negative form of Xenopus FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1), in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos results in loss of trunk and tail tissues (Amaya et al., 1991; Amaya et al., 1993; Griffin et al., 1995). FGF signaling has also been shown to be required for neural induction (Streit et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2000; Böttcher and Niehrs, 2005), for organizer-independent induction of posterior neural tissue (Kudoh et al., 2002; Kudoh et al., 2004), anterior neurectoderm formation (Hongo et al., 1999) and posterior mesoderm development (Draper et al., 2003).. Perhaps due to the pleiotropic effects that result from inhibition of FGF signaling in early embryos, a role of FGF signaling in dorsal axis establishment - as distinct from mesoderm induction, posterior development and neural induction - has not been emphasized in recent ...
ZFIN Publication: Stuart et al., 1990
To study the frequency of germ-line transformation and to examine the reproducibility of tissue-specific transgene expression, we produced several lines of transgenic zebrafish expressing a recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Supercoiled plasmids containing both Rous sarcoma virus and SV-40 promoter sequences upstream of the CAT coding region were injected into zebrafish embryos prior to first cleavage. CAT activity could be detected in batches of injected embryos as early as 8 h and up to at least 12 days post-fertilization. Approximately 18% of injected fish raised to maturity exhibited CAT activity in their fins, and approximately 5% of injected fish became stable germ-line transformants. Breeding studies indicated that although transgenic founder fish were frequently germ-line mosaics, transgenic individuals of subsequent generations were fully hemizygous for the transgene marker. The transgenes present in the F1 progeny of four independent lines were relatively well ...
Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae as Biosensors for Neurotoxicants - Current Protocols
Sea urchin embryos and larvae provide an inexpensive high‐throughput system for determining developmental actions of neuropharmacologic
agents or environmental neurotoxins in both applied and basic biologic contexts
First steps of synapse building captured in live zebra fish embryos | Media Relations
EUGENE, Ore. - (April 18, 2013) - Using spinning disk microscopy on barely day-old zebra fish embryos, University of Oregon scientists have gained a new window on how synapse-building components move to worksites in the central nervous system.
Dejellying embryos (Zorn lab) - Xenbase
Dejelling embryos: Wait at least one hour after fertilisation, any time after this embryos may be dejellied. Decant the MBS off the embryos, leaving them semi-dry and stuck to the bottom of the dish. Cover the embryos in the 2% cysteine solution, which will dissolve the jelly coats surrounding the eggs. With occasional, mild agitation, the embryos will be liberated in 5-7 minutes. It is important not to swirl eggs too vigorously when dejellying as this can cause axis duplications in some cases. Once the jelly coat is dissolved, the cysteine solution must be removed immediately (it can be reused). The embryos are then washed 3-4 times in a large volume of 0.1xMBS to remove residual cysteine. If left in the cysteine solution too long, or not washed enough, the plasma membrane will be damaged and the embryos will die! ...
RNAiDB Tree View
Haeckels Embryo Drawings Are Fraudulent - Darwinism Watch
Despite the exposure of the fraud, Darwin and the biologists who supported him continued to regard Haeckels drawings as a reference source. And that further encouraged Haeckel. In the years that followed he produced further series of comparative embryo illustrations. He prepared diagrams showing fish, salamander, turtle, chicken, rabbit and human embryos side by side. The noteworthy aspect of these was how the embryos of these different life forms initially resembled one another very closely and gradually diverged over the course of their development. The similarity between the human and fish embryos in particular was very striking indeed. So much so that fictitious gills could be seen in the human embryo drawings, just as in those of the fish. Under the scientific guise he gave these illustrations, Haeckel launched his theory of recapitulation: Ontology Repeats Phylogeny. The meaning of the slogan was this; according to Haeckel, during the developmental process it undergoes in the egg or ...
Spatial expression pattern of MBC in wild-type embryos. | Open-i
Spatial expression pattern of MBC in wild-type embryos. Anterior is to the left and dorsal to the top in all except A. (A) Stage 13 embryos from the progeny of
Penn research using frog embryos leads to new understanding of cardiac development - ScienceBlog.com
PHILADELPHIA--During embryonic development, cells migrate to their eventual location in the adult body plan and begin to differentiate into specific cell types. Thanks to new research at the University of Pennsylvania, there is new insight into ...
The Healthiest Embryo (PGS) | Carolina Conceptions
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) has dramatically increased the live birth rates of children born as a result of IVF. These techniques help your IVF team to analyze and understand the health of your embryo prior to transfer into the uterus.
Biology Lab Report - 624 Words | AntiEssays
LAB REPORT: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THREE DRUGS ON THE BRINE SHRIMP ARTEMIA? JASMIN HERRERA 10-10-2011 COLLEGE PREP BIOLOGY MR. HADSALL PERIOD 2 PROBLEM: How...
Multi-position photoactivation and multi-time acquisition for large-scale cell tracing in avian embryos.
Vertebrate development is a complex orchestration of cell and tissue movements. Tracing individual cell positions can rapidly become a large-scale problem because cell numbers often grow exponentially in the early embryo. A typical approach consists
Biomarkers For Stress In Fish Embryos And Larvae 2013
The biomarkers for stress in fish covers described the reviewing class, adopting efforts to find general in the major change, just of cure, focusing course or guidance. share you other to go what offers behavioral in Surfactant? Without the empirical two PEEP, previously would appreciate an consultant.
How are embryos selected for transfer during an IVF cycle?
The easy answer to this question: the best embryos are chosen!There are a number of factors that determine which embryos are deemed best. On any given day of culture, the embryos are expected to have a specific appearance:On...
Selenomphalus distylii Takagi - Plazi TreatmentBank
Diagnosis. Adult female cover brown, slightly convex, subcircular ( Takagi 1959). Adult female turbinate with three pairs of lobes. Median lobes broad, flatly rounded along the apical margin, separated by a space slightly narrower than 1/3 width of one median lobe; lobe 2 smaller than the median lobes; lobe 3 spur-shaped, heavily sclerotized. Paraphyses present, small, slender from basal corners of each lobe. Plates fimbriate; 2 in 1 st space and 2 nd space respectively, slender; 3 in 3 rd space, outer two broad; 7 laterad of lobe 3, broad. Pygidial macroducts elongate, with two to three longitudinal rows on each side, eight to ten ducts in rows each. Antenna with 1 seta. Anterior and posterior spiracles without pores. Perivulvar pores in 4 groups, about 23 pores in total.. Material examined. Korea. JJ: Andeokgyegok, 2 adult females, on Neolitsea sericea ...
Specifying positional information in the embryo: looking beyond morphogens
Concentration gradients of small diffusible molecules called morphogens are key regulators of development, specifying position during pattern formation in the embryo. It is now becoming clear that additional or alternative mechanisms involving interactions among cells are also crucial for positional …
Watching it grow: developing a digital embryo | www.scienceinschool.org
What if you could witness the development of a new life, taking your time to study every detail, every single cell, from every angle, moment by moment? Sonia Furtado talks to the scientists who made this possible by creating a digital zebrafish embryo.
How many embryos to transfer for IVF?
Should you transfer one embryo or two for IVF? What are the chances of success with transferring one vs two embryos? And what are the risks?
Protein shield protects embryos from attack | New Scientist
Early embryos develop a protective protein shield to help prevent attack from the mothers immune system, new research shows
Babies Rnt Us: Transfer Day
So, today was it....our transfer day! We had a different doctor perform our transfer Dr Sanfillipo-he was amazing! I was so pleased with his bedside manor. When Dr Sanfillipo came in we got the final result of our embryos-Of the five, three were mature. All three of the mature ones fertilized. Today we had two embryos come in at 6A (6 cells, quality A) and one at a 4B (4 cells, quality B). He said the 6As were perfect (the B was still pretty good)! You cant get anything better than an A. The picture I have showing is what a 6 cell embryo looks like (this one is not mine). We had only planned on implanting 2/3 of the embryos-however, the 4 cell was not able to be frozen. The embryos need to be at least 5 cells. So, instead of discarding the embryo we decided to implant that one as well ...
Search - ENCODE
strain OP494 (unc-119(tm4063) III; wgIs494) whole organism hermaphrodite late embryo 5 hours post synchronization using egg bleaching genetically modified using ...
Developmental Mechanisms Problem Set
At what stage of animal development do cells first move from the surface of the embryo into the interior, resulting in a two- or three-layered embryo? ...
Chinese Experiment Shows Mammal Embryos Can Develop Completely In Space
If humans are to live anywhere that isnt Earth, well need to be able to reproduce elsewhere in space. Now, a series of experiments performed by
CTFL MBT D높은통과율인기덤프, CTFL MBT D덤프문제모음 & CTFL MBT D퍼펙트최신버전문제 - Sfjbs
시험패스 가능한 CTFL_MBT_D 높은 통과율 인기덤프 최신버전 덤프샘플문제 다운로드, 망설이지 마십시오, Sfjbs 는 여러분들이ISQI CTFL_MBT_D시험에서 패스하도록 도와드립니다, Sfjbs CTFL_MBT_D 덤프문제모음에서 덤프를 마련하여 자격증취득에 도전하여 인생을 바꿔보세요, Sfjbs 가 제공하는CTFL_MBT_D테스트버전과 문제집은 모두CTFL_MBT_D인증시험에 대하여 충분한 연구 끝에 만든 것이기에 무조건 한번에CTFL_MBT_D시험을 패스하실 수 있습니다, CTFL_MBT_D덤프는 pdf버전과 온라인버전으로 되어있는데 pdf버전은 출력가능하고 온라인버전은 휴대폰에서도 사용가능합니다, ISQI CTFL_MBT_D 높은 통과율 인기덤프 MB2-706덤프를 주문하시면 결제후 즉시 고객님 메일주소에 시스템 자동으로 메일이 발송됩니다.
Early development and molecular plasticity in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus exposed to CO2-driven...
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen from a preindustrial value of ∼280 ppm to a current value of 387 ppm because of human activities (Solomon et al., 2007). Simulation models project that concentrations could reach 1200 ppm by the end of this century and nearly 2000 ppm by approximately 2300 (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003; Caldeira and Wickett, 2005). Diffusion of atmospheric CO2 in the surface ocean causes an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) and is likely to decrease pH by 0.2-0.4 units over the course of this century and by up to 0.77 units by 2300 (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003; Caldeira and Wickett, 2005; Turley et al., 2009). Such a decline in pH of surface waters will reduce carbonate ion (CO2-3) concentrations and the degree of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation in seawater, which could negatively affect marine organisms that synthesize a carbonate skeleton. Exposure to high CO2 levels and subsequent lowered pH may have biological consequences for juveniles and adults of ...
Intracellular and Extracellular pH and Ca Are Bound to Control Mitosis in the Early Sea Urchin Embryo via ERK and MPF...
Intracellular and Extracellular pH and Ca Are Bound to Control Mitosis in the Early Sea Urchin Embryo via ERK and MPF Activities. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Cytochemical Localisations and Ultrastructure in the Fertilized Unsegmented Egg of Paracentrotus lividus | JCB
Fertilized, but still unsegmented, eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus have been centrifugated at 30,000 gravity. A comparison has been made between the cytochemical reactions of the different layers (RNA, polysaccharides, acid phosphatase) and the fine structure as shown in thin sections studied with the electron microscope.. ...
HKU Scholars Hub: Characterization of expanded intermediate cell mass in zebrafish chordin morphant embryos
We investigated the mechanisms of intermediate cell mass (ICM) expansion in zebrafish chordin (Chd) morphant embryos and examined the role of BMPs in relation to this phenotype. At 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), the expanded ICM of embryos injected with chd morpholino (MO) (Chd MO embryos) contained a monotonous population of hematopoietic progenitors. In situ hybridization showed that hematopoietic transcription factors were ubiquitously expressed in the ICM whereas vascular gene expression was confined to the periphery. BMP4 (but not BMP2b or 7) and smad5 mRNA were ectopically expressed in the Chd MO ICM. At 48 hpf, monocytic cells were evident in both the ICM and circulation of Chd MO but not WT embryos. While injection of BMP4 MO had no effect on WT hematopoiesis, co-injecting BMP4 with chd MOs significantly reduced ICM expansion. Microarray studies revealed a number of genes that were differentially expressed in Chd MO and WT embryos and their roles in hematopoiesis has yet to be ...
Dissemination | SPHINGONET
24) A comparative study on fluorescent cholesterol analogs as versatile cellular reporters (2016) Sezgin E, Can FB, Schneider F, Clausen MP, Galiani S, Stanly TA, Waithe D, Colaco A, Honigmann A, Wustner D, Platt F, Eggeling C. J Lipid Res 57: 299-309. 25) Bifunctional Sphingosine for Cell-Based Analysis of Protein-Sphingolipid Interactions (2016) Haberkant P, Stein F, Höglinger D, Gerl MJ, Brügger B, Van Veldhoven PP, Krijgsveld J, Gavin AC, Schultz C ACS Chem Biol 11:222-230. 26) Proteomic dataset of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus adhesive organs and secreted adhesive (2016) Lebesgue N, da Costa G, Ribeiro RM, Ribeiro-Silva C, Martins GG, Matranga V, Scholten A, Cordeiro C, Heck AJ, Santos R. Data Brief 7: 1497-1505. 27) Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying sea urchin reversible adhesion: A quantitative proteomics approach (2016) Lebesgue N, da Costa G, Ribeiro RM, Ribeiro-Silva C, Martins GG, Matranga V, Scholten A, Cordeiro C, Heck AJ, Santos R J Proteomics 138: ...
PLOS Genetics: Transcriptome Analysis of Zebrafish Embryogenesis Using Microarrays
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-recognized model for the study of vertebrate developmental genetics, yet at the same time little is known about the transcriptional events that underlie zebrafish embryogenesis. Here we have employed microarray analysis to study the temporal activity of developmentally regulated genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. Transcriptome analysis at 12 different embryonic time points covering five different developmental stages (maternal, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and pharyngula) revealed a highly dynamic transcriptional profile. Hierarchical clustering, stage-specific clustering, and algorithms to detect onset and peak of gene expression revealed clearly demarcated transcript clusters with maximum gene activity at distinct developmental stages as well as co-regulated expression of gene groups involved in dedicated functions such as organogenesis. Our study also revealed a previously unidentified cohort of genes that are transcribed prior to the mid-blastula transition,
Effect of anaerobiosis on cysteine protease regulation during the embryonic-larval transition in | Journal of Experimental...
Hydrated encysted embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana have the ability to withstand years in anaerobic sea water using metabolic strategies that enable them to inactivate all cell metabolic activities and then to resume development when placed in aerobic sea water. However, this unique characteristic of Artemia franciscana embryos is lost during a very short period, at the embryoniclarval transition period of development, coincident with the appearance of prenauplius larvae. Thus, while encysted embryos show complete inhibition of proteolysis over at least 4 years under anoxia, control of this activity, together with resistance to anoxia, is lost in newly hatched nauplius larvae after only a few days in anaerobic sea water. In contrast to encysted embryos, young larvae in anaerobic sea water produce large amounts of lactic acid, which reaches a concentration of nearly 50 mmol l-1 within 12 h of incubation. The accumulated lactic acid is believed to reduce the intracellular pH ...
Etv5a regulates the proliferation of ventral mesoderm cells and the formation of hemato-vascular derivatives | Journal of Cell...
etv5a expression was analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR of zebrafish embryos at developmental stages ranging from one-cell stage to 48 hours post fertilization (hpf). A strong and ubiquitous signal was detected from one-cell to the oblong stage, which indicated that etv5a was expressed as a maternal mRNA (Fig. 1A-C). Ubiquitous expression was observed throughout the whole embryo before gastrulation (Fig. 1D,E). During early gastrulation (75% epiboly), expression localized to the ventral mesoderm (arrowhead in Fig. 1F,G). At later stages, etv5a expression became confined to the lateral mesoderm as demonstrated by the presence of two longitudinal stripes at the six-somite stage (Fig. 1H-J). A previous study showed that cells present in this region are multipotent progenitors that give rise to hematopoietic, endothelial and pronephric derivatives (Gering et al., 1998). etv5a expression was maintained in the posterior lateral mesoderm (Fig. 1K-N) during ...
Automated Zebrafish Chorion Removal and Single Embryo Placement: Optimizing Throughput of Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity...
The potential of the developing zebrafish model for toxicology and drug discovery is limited by inefficient approaches to manipulating and chemically exposing zebrafish embryos-namely, manual placement of embryos into 96- or 384-well plates and exposure of embryos while still in the chorion, a barrier of poorly characterized permeability enclosing the developing embryo. We report the automated dechorionation of 1600 embryos at once at 4 h postfertilization (hpf) and placement of the dechorionated embryos into 96-well plates for exposure by 6 hpf. The process removed ≥95% of the embryos from their chorions with 2% embryo mortality by 24 hpf, and 2% of the embryos malformed at 120 hpf. The robotic embryo placement allocated 6-hpf embryos to 94.7% ± 4.2% of the wells in multiple 96-well trials. The rate of embryo mortality was 2.8% (43 of 1536) from robotic handling, the rate of missed wells was 1.2% (18 of 1536), and the frequency of multipicks was ,0.1%. Embryo malformations observed at 24 hpf ...
The role of gamma interferon in innate immunity in the zebrafish embryo | Disease Models & Mechanisms
The zebrafish genome contains ten genes that encode class II cytokine-like peptides, of which the two that are related most closely to mammalian interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were named IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2. Although the zebrafish has become a popular model system to study immune mechanisms, and although interferons are central regulators of immunity, which zebrafish cytokines correspond functionally to mammalian IFN-γ has not been established. We used zebrafish embryos to assay the functions of IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2, and have identified a subset of zebrafish homologs of the mammalian IFN-responsive genes as IFN-γ targets in the zebrafish embryo: these genes are upregulated in response to raised levels of either IFN-γ1 or IFN-γ2. Infection studies using two different pathogens show that IFN-γ signalling is required for resistance against bacterial infections in the young embryo and that the levels of IFN-γ need to be regulated tightly: raising IFN-γ levels sensitizes fish embryos against ...
MATERNAL-ZYGOTIC GENE INTERACTIONS DURING FORMATION OF THE DORSOVENTRAL PATTERN IN DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS | Genetics
Maternal-zygotic interactions involving the three genes dorsal (dl), twist (twi) and snail (sna) are described. The results suggest that all three are involved in the process by which the dorsoventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is established. First, the lethal embryonic mutant phenotypes are rather similar. In homozygous twi or sna embryos invagination of the ventral presumptive mesodermal cells fails to occur, and the resulting embryos are devoid of internal organs. This is very similar to the dominant phenotype described for dl; in the case of dl, however, the effect is a maternal one dependent on the mutant genotype of the female. Second, a synergistic interaction has been found whereby dominant lethality of twi- or sna-bearing zygotes is observed in embryos derived from heterozygous dl females at high temperature. The temperature sensitivity of this interaction permitted definition of a temperature-sensitive period which is probably that of dl. This was found to extend from ...
Transcriptional profiling of zen homozygous and zen heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster embryos - omicX
In D. melanogaster, the subdivision of dorsal ectoderm into amnioserosa (AS) and dorsal epidermis is controlled by the combined actions of two morphogens of the TGF-β family, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Screw (Scw). They form an extracellular gradient with peak levels of Dpp/Scw signalling in the dorsal-most region of the embryo. Dpp/Scw signalling is transduced to the nucleus by a complex containing the phosphorylated Smad transcription factor, pMad and the co-Smad, Medea, which are responsible for the transcriptional activation of a number of targets in specific dorsal territories, including zerknullt (zen) gen. zen encodes a homeobox transcription factor, which is expressed for a brief period of time in the early developing embryo and is required for all aspects of AS formation, including the initial cell shape changes that drive the morphogenesis of the AS epithelium. However, the number and nature of Zen-target genes involved in AS differentiation subsequent to its specification are currently
Medina A et al. (1997), Cortical rotation is required for the correct s... - Xenbase Paper
Beta-catenin, a component of the wnt-signal-transduction pathway, is essential for the formation of the dorsal axis in Xenopus laevis embryos. On the dorsal side of the embryo, beta-catenin is translocated into the nuclei via a process linked to cortical rotation. When cortical rotation is blocked by UV-irradiation, nuclear beta-catenin is found in the vegetal pole of the embryo. Here we show that overexpression of beta-catenin in animal cap explants, in the absence of mesoderm induction, is sufficient to activate the expression of genes with dorsalizing activity such as siamois (sia) and nodal-related 3 (nr3) but not goosecoid (gsc). In embryos ventralized by UV-treatment, the expression of the dorsal-specific genes sia, nr3 and gsc is induced at the vegetal pole after the Mid-Blastula-Transition (MBT). While nr3 and sia expression continues in these embryos until gastrula stages, gsc transcription cannot be maintained. We propose that the spatial separation of the expression domains of genes ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Sharp Phylogeographic Breaks and Patterns of Genealogical Concordance in the Brine Shrimp Artemia...
Genealogical concordance is a critical overlay of all phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of taxonomic level. To assess such patterns of congruence we have compiled and derived sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (ITS1, p26) markers in 14 American populations of the hypersaline branchiopod Artemia franciscana. Cladistic analysis revealed three reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial clades. For nuclear DNA, incomplete lineage sorting was evident presumably as a result of slower coalescence or male-mediated dispersal. Our findings capture the genealogical interval between gene splitting and population divergence. In this sense, strong indications are provided in favour of a superspecies status and ongoing speciation in A. franciscana.
Toxicity of polyelectrolyte-functionalized titania nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
We investigated the effects of short-term exposure of bare TiO2NPs and polyelectrolyte-coated TiO2NPs in the 5-25 nm size range, at relatively high concentrations (of 500 and 1000 mg/L) under light or dark conditions, in D. rerio embryos. The biological endpoints investigated included embryo viability and mRNA transcript levels of antioxidant and membrane transport genes relative to control embryos. The presence of nanoparticles on the surface of embryos was assessed using TEM. The results confirm an accumulation of TiO2NPs on the outer surface (chorion) of the embryo, but not within the embryo. No significant difference in embryo viability was detected following each exposure regime. The expression of antioxidant biomarker, SOD2, was significantly impacted by the type of TiO2NP, with TiO2NPs/PSS/PAH coating exposure showing down regulation; the concentration of the nanoparticles, with down regulation at 500 mg/L; and dark/light condition with down regulation in the light. The expression levels ...
Polarity in embryogenesis - Wikipedia
In developmental biology, an embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole and the vegetal pole within a blastula. The animal pole consists of small cells that divide rapidly, in contrast with the vegetal pole below it. In some cases, the animal pole is thought to differentiate into the later embryo itself, forming the three primary germ layers and participating in gastrulation. The animal pole is heavily pigmented while the vegetal pole remains unpigmented.[1] The vegetal pole contains large yolky cells that divide very slowly, in contrast with the animal pole above it. In some cases, the vegetal pole is thought to differentiate into the extraembryonic membranes that protect and nourish the developing embryo, such as the placenta in mammals and the chorion in birds. The development of the animal-vegetal axis occurs prior to fertilization.[2] Sperm entry can occur anywhere in the animal hemisphere.[3] The point of sperm entry defines the dorso-ventral axis - cells opposite the region ...
Double olfm1a and olfm1b knockout in zebrafish causes moderate abnormality in retinal development and function | IOVS | ARVO...
Purpose: The olfm1 gene encodes a secreted glycoprotein highly conserved in vertebrates. There are two olfm1 genes in zebrafish, olfm1a and olfm1b. Both of these genes are expressed in the brain and retina starting from 16 h post fertilization to adults. We generated a null mutant of both olfm1a and olfm1b genes and analyzed its retinal structure and visual function.. Methods: Olfm1a and olfm1b mutant alleles with nonsense point mutations were obtained from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Olfm1a and olfm1b null mutants were bred to generate double null mutant (olfm1a/b null). Spontaneous movement, optokinetic and optomotor responses, behavioral responses to light increments and decrements and electroretinogram (ERG) to increased (ON) and decreased (OFF) illumination were compared between olfm1a/b null and wild-type larvae 7 days post fertilization (dpf). The retinal morphology was examined by immunostaining of frozen sections. Total RNA was isolated from 3 and 7 dpf larvae for RNA ...
Interactive Fly, Drosophila
7) head involution. Before considering these ten tissue movements in some detail, it should be made clear that there are other programs of cell movement, including trachea formation, imaginal disc development and segregation of neuroblasts from the neuroectoderm. The initial structuring or ground work for most of these events can be traced back to the four maternal systems which establish polarity in the egg and, as a consequence, in the zygote. Thus these events are related to patterns of segmentation built early in development. Ventral furrow formation and dorsal closure have their origins in the dorsoventral system; the other eight events originate with the anterior group, the posterior group and the terminal group of maternal genes, all of which are responsible for anterior-posterior polarity. Gastrulation begins three hours after fertilization. By this time there have been 13 mitotic cycles. Prior to the 10th cycle, the dividing nuclei lie in the interior of the egg, but move out toward the ...
Carron C et al. (2005), Antagonistic interaction between IGF and Wnt/JN... - Paper
Fig. 5. Antisense Otx2 morpholino oligonucleotide rescues convergent extension and Xbra expression blocked by IGF-I and Otx2. Embryos at 4-cell stage were dorsaly-injected with IGF-I or Otx2-Myc mRNA alone or co-injected with Otx2 morpholino. They were either allowed to develop to various stages for phenotypes or fixed at stage 10.5 for in situ hybridization. (A) An uninjected embryo at stage 14 showing correct neural plate formation. (B) An Otx2-Myc-injected embryo with gastrulation defect and open blastopore. (C) Otx2 morpholino rescues blastopore closure and neural plate formation in Otx2-Myc-injected embryo. (D) Western blot showing that Otx2 morpholino specifically blocks translation of Otx2-Myc mRNA. (E) A control embryo at stage 38. (F) An Otx2-Myc-injected embryo at equivalent stage with dorsal development defect and shortened trunk and posterior region. (G) Otx2 morpholino rescues trunk and posterior development. (H-L) Otx2 morpholino rescues Xbra and Xwnt11 expression. (H) An ...
Single-cell reconstruction of developmental trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis
During embryogenesis, cells acquire distinct fates by transitioning through transcriptional states. To uncover these transcriptional trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis, we sequenced 38,731 cells and developed URD, a simulated diffusion-based computational reconstruction method. URD identifi …
Brine Shrimp (Artemia) Hatchery Kit | Carolina.com
Great for hatching brine shrimp eggs. Includes hatching container, air pump, air line tubing, air stone, salt, unit of brine shrimp eggs, fine-mesh net, and instructions. Refill includes eggs, air stone, and salt.
Mechanism For Protection Against Chemicals Possessed By Fish Embryos - Redorbit
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Researchers at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), together with colleagues from the Swiss Eawag aquatic research institute, have discovered a protein which transports chemicals out of the embryo of the zebrafish and in this way protects the embryo against toxic substances. However, certain environmental chemicals render this protective mechanism ineffective, so that the fish embryos become more sensitive to toxic substances. The study, published in the scientific journal BMC Biology, could prove to be of great importance for the future assessment of chemicals.. Fish possess a number of different mechanisms for protection against harmful substances in an aquatic environment. These include, for example, molecular transport systems, such as the so called ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters, which prevent the penetration of toxic substances into cells. ABC transporters have been well investigated for mammals. For fish and their ...
BioNews - Roman Catholic Bishops say hybrid embryos have right to life
The Roman Catholic Bishops of England (RCBE) have told the UK parliament that inter-species embryos - those containing genetic information from both human and animals - should not be treated any differently from normal embryos, and that women should be given the chance to carry their genetic offspring to term.. There is currently a real shortage of human eggs for use in embryonic stem cell (ES cell) research. It is hoped the problem can be overcome through creating embryos by transferring human genetic material into hollowed out animal eggs. The resulting entity - a cybrid - would be over 99 per cent genetically human and less than one per cent animal. As it stands, the new draft Human Tissue and Embryos Bill will ban the creation of embryos that contain genetic material from both animals and humans, but will make an exception for certain types of research, including cybrid embryos. The draft Bill imposes a strict 14 day time limit on the use of these entities in research, at which point ...
Biomarkers For Stress In Fish Embryos And Larvae 2013
formatted ongoing for the 1954 Biomarkers for Stress in Fish Embryos and Larvae 2013, the Bible published evaluated during groups. Bernie Wayne, the operation, has expressing Convention Hall that option, being own and Dining his post-dating in funding. When the Biomarkers for moved usually owned, it directly assembled a search of the wage.
Funding and Financial Help For Embryo Adoption - Nightlight Christian Adoptions
Are you wondering how much embryo adoption cost? The Snowflakes Embryo Adoption Program offers a comprehensive embryo adoption management plan.. When you choose Snowflakes you can rest assured that there are no hidden fees. We have a proven track record covering 20 years as the pioneer embryo adoption agency, helping couples post-fertility treatment options grow their family. More than 750 snowflake babies have been born to families working with our program. We have families available to speak with you personally about their embryo adoption journey with Snowflakes. The cost for adopting frozen embryos through the Snowflakes program provides you with the expert support of the Snowflakes team.. There are many special aspects of the Snowflakes program: encouraging open relationships, ensuring that each donors embryos are placed into one loving family of their choice, working with fertility clinics throughout the nation, and our experienced, professional team. We believe that every embryo deserves ...
Echinoderms - Introduction
Sea urchins and other echinoderms are a useful model system for studying many problems in early development. Historically, sea urchins were a key model system in elucidating a variety of classic developmental problems, including the mechanisms of fertilization and egg activation, cleavage, gastrulation, and the regulation of pattern formation in the early embryo. In addition, early studies of the the molecular basis of early development were carried out in this system. Gametes can be obtained easily, sterility is not required, and the eggs and early embryos of many commonly used species are beautifully transparent. In addition, the early development of sea urchin embryos is highly synchronous, i.e., when a batch of eggs is fertilized, all of the resulting embryos typically develop on the same time course. This makes biochemical and molecular studies of early embryos possible in this system, and has led to a number of major discoveries ...
publications-in-1992
The spatial and temporal pattern of mitoses during the fourteenth nuclear cycle in a Drosophila embryo reflects differences in cell identities. We have analysed the domains of mitotic division in zygotic mutants that exhibit defects in larval cuticular pattern along the dorsoventral axis. This is a powerful means of fate mapping mutant embryos, as the altered position of mitotic domains in the dorsoventral pattern mutants correlate with their late cuticular phenotypes. In the mutants twist and snail, which fail to differentiate the ventrally derived mesoderm, mitoses specific to the mesoderm are absent. The lateral mesectodermal domain shows a partial ventral shift in twist mutants but a proportion of ventral cells do not behave characteristically, suggesting that twist has a positive role in the establishment of the mesoderm. In contrast, snail is required to repress mesectodermal fates in cells of the presumptive mesoderm. In the absence of both genes, the mesodermal and the mesectodermal ...
Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo: Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development - pdf...
Cell Lineage of the Ilyanassa Embryo: Evolutionary Acceleration of Regional Differentiation during Early Development. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Testing the Vascular Invasive Ability of Cancer Cells in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) | Protocol
This method utilizes zebrafish embryos to efficiently test the vascular invasive ability of cancer cells. Fluorescent cancer cells are...
When is it best to transfer the embryos to achieve the highest chances of success, on day 3 or on day 5? - IVF Spain UR...
Vistahermosa Reproduction Unit.. Several aspects have to be evaluated so that the strategy to be followed is successful: number of embryos obtained, embryo quality grade, age of the patient, associated pathologies, complementary techniques and if it is an IVF or ovodonation cycle.. But why on day 3 or day 5? Dr. Avilés explains that these are the days in which the quality of the embryos can be more easily analyzed according to morphological parameters: shape, size, number of cells, fragments or vacuoles of the cells; and kinetic parameters: times of cell division. Also, depending on the implantation potential, the selection of the embryos includes 4 grades, from A to D, with A being very high and D being the lowest.. Transferring on day 3 or on day 5 will depend fundamentally on the number of embryos we have, especially because the fact that an embryo does not reach day 5 in the laboratory does not mean that it does not evolve in the uterus, which is its natural environment, says ...
Optimization of the spontaneous tail coiling test for fast assessment of neurotoxic effects in the zebrafish embryo using an...
Mentioning: 6 - Optimization of the spontaneous tail coiling test for fast assessment of neurotoxic effects in the zebrafish embryo using an automated workflow in KNIME® - Eberhard Küster, Stefan Scholz, Riccardo Massei, Elisabet Teixidó, Afolarin O. Ogungbemi
CiteSeerX - Citation Query Four-dimensional cardiac imaging in living embryos via postacquisition synchronization of nongated...
CiteSeerX - Scientific documents that cite the following paper: Four-dimensional cardiac imaging in living embryos via postacquisition synchronization of nongated slice sequences,
IVF FAQs - If my embryos do not implant , what happens to them ? | The IVF Specialists Blog for IVF patients
The embryo(s) which are transferred to your uterus are just microscopic ball of cells. You cannot see your embryo with your naked eye; you need a microscope , which would enlarge it several hundred times , before you can view it. When your embryos fail to implant and give rise to a pregnancy, they die and disintegrate. Cells die in the human body all the time, and these dead cells are removed by your bodys scavenging machinery. When you get periods after a failed cycle, only the endometrium which is formed during that particular IVF cycle is sloughed off. Since you took lots of hormones , your endometrial lining might be thicker than usual and you might experience heavier menstrual bleeding or you might have more clots (which appears like a tissue) than you normally do. This doesnt mean you are having a miscarriage or that the transferred embryo was expelled ...
Directing cell division during development | Science
Several evolutionarily conserved proteins constitute a universal mitotic trigger that is precisely controlled during the orderly cell divisions of embryogenesis. As development progresses, the mechanisms controlling this trigger change. Early divisions are executed by maternally synthesized gene products, and in Xenopus they are timed by the accumulation and periodic degradation of cyclin, a trigger component. Later, the zygotic genome assumes control, and in Drosophila, zygotic transcription is required for production of another trigger protein, the product of string. After this transition to zygotic control, pulses of string transcription define the timing of highly patterned embryonic cell divisions and cyclin accumulation is not rate limiting.. ...
efference: Some possibilities for novel mutation-checking mechanisms
One PLOS paper details a study of pleiotropy in C. Elegans, finding that 50% of genes involved in embryogenesis are pleiotropic. Whats more, these genes tend to occupy central (rather than initial or final) positions in protein pathways10. Pleiotropy, when viewed in the light of evolution, is usually discussed as a constraining factor. That is, a single mutation may be beneficial or neutral in one tissue, but harmful in another, increasing the likelihood that pleiotropic gene mutations would be selected against. The effect of pleiotropy neednt always be one of constraint, however. For example, in the case of parsimonious pleiotropy11, knowing that a mutation that fails to harm sperm is also unlikely to harm the brain, the sperm may relax strict mutation checking controls a tad. Note that evolutionary pressures favoring pleiotropy tend to negate the popular notion of modularity in gene expression ...
efference: May 2008
One PLOS paper details a study of pleiotropy in C. Elegans, finding that 50% of genes involved in embryogenesis are pleiotropic. Whats more, these genes tend to occupy central (rather than initial or final) positions in protein pathways10. Pleiotropy, when viewed in the light of evolution, is usually discussed as a constraining factor. That is, a single mutation may be beneficial or neutral in one tissue, but harmful in another, increasing the likelihood that pleiotropic gene mutations would be selected against. The effect of pleiotropy neednt always be one of constraint, however. For example, in the case of parsimonious pleiotropy11, knowing that a mutation that fails to harm sperm is also unlikely to harm the brain, the sperm may relax strict mutation checking controls a tad. Note that evolutionary pressures favoring pleiotropy tend to negate the popular notion of modularity in gene expression ...
Gastrulations synonyms, gastrulations antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for gastrulations in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for gastrulations. 4 words related to gastrula: conceptus, fertilized egg, embryo, archenteron. What are synonyms for gastrulations?
شناسایی مولکولی Artemia franciscana Kellogg 1906 در دریاچه بختگان، استان فارس
آرتمیا سخت پوست کوچکی با ارزش اقتصادی بالاست که مدل تحقیقاتی بسیار مناسبی برای محققان می باشد. این موجود با تحمل محدوده های بسیار متنوع از شرایط بسیار مختلف اکولوژیک در بیش از 600 نقطه زمین و نیز 18 زیستگاه در ایران توزیع شده است. دریاچه بختگان در استان فارس یکی از زیستگاههای طبیعی آرتمیای پارتنوژنز در ایران می باشد. با توجه به وجود یک آرتمیای دو جنسی ناشناخته در این دریاچه، گونه این جمعیت غیر بومی مورد تحقیق قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 4 مارکر مولکولی مختلف شامل دو ژن Na/K ATPase، 16S-12S با روش پی سی آر- آر اف ال پی[1] و دو ناحیه COI و HSP26به روش تعیین توالیمورد تحقیق قرار گرفت. DNA
Tags - genetics
Embryonic exposure to TCDD impacts osteogenesis of the axial skeleton in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. ALTD Watson, A Planchart, CJ Mattingly, C Winkler, DM Reif, SW Kullman. Toxicological Sciences, kfw229. http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/11/14/toxsci.kfw229.full.pdf+html. Read more ...
Analysis of the Expression and Evolution of the JAK and STAT Gene Families in the Zebrafish Danio Rerio
University of Melbourne, The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch) Affiliated with the Department of Surgery, ...
Does the embryo need help hatching?
On the contrary, it is an indication that the embryo has started breathing with his own lungs and that his condition is good.. Following 20 years of experience in incubation we know for sure that the best decision when to hatch is totally in the embryos hands; Even if we want to intervene, we dont have any knowledge at what stage of the process the embryo is in so intervening can only cause damage.. Any interference from the moment of the PIP (first hole) until the egg-shell full ring opening can cause the embryo to die. Only after the egg-shell had parted into two parts, it is possible to help, as we can see often in nature. ...
The Chimera Quandary: Is It Ethical To Create Hybrid Embryos? | Kansas Public Radio
The National Institutes of Health proposed lifting its moratorium on funding for research on part-animal, part-human embryos - which raises a huge dilemma, says bioethicist Insoo Hyun.
Importing embryo into Australia | Page 2 | Bub Hub
Hello Has anyone out there imported embryos from overseas. I have 4 embryos still created by partners sperm and donated egg. I successfully gave birth to a little girl but want to try for another one next year but the embryos are in - page 2
Shop Embryo - Diamond Genetics
Shopembryo.com is a 24/7 Online Embryo Webshop with the very best embryo offers available from North-America and Europe in 2 seperate webshops. The shops are alwasy filled with interesting opportunities with something for everybody, from high genomics to show type, different breeds and in all price ranges. Purchased embryos will be delivered until the clients preferred shipping address.. More info at www.shopembryo.com. ...
Transfer of donated embryos, what is it? | URH García del Real
The transfer of donated embryos, or embryo donation is the transfer of embryos given by a couple (after IVF) to a recipient for the purpose of pregnancy.