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Professor Chupp and his group are involved in the development of precision measurement, optical pumping, and nuclear polarization techniques for application to a variety of fundamental and applied problems. A key experiment pursues the use of polarized noble gases, 3He and 129Xe, for the enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for medical applications, especially for neurological studies of the functional imaging of cerebral blood flow. This research is a major collaboration involving researchers from Physics, Chemistry, Radiology, Neuroscience, and Clinical Medicine. The other key direction of Professor Chupps research is the measurement of manifestations of elementary particle interactions at low and intermediate energies to study physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle interactions. One important pursuit is the search for the CP-violating electric dipole moments of heavy atoms and the neutron, a problem closely related to understanding the apparent cosmological ...

Sediment traps are used to measure fluxes and collect samples for studies in biology, chemistry and geology, yet we have much to learn about factors that influence particle collection rates. Toward this end, we deployed cylindrical sediment traps on five current meter moorings across the Vema Channel to field-test the effect of different horizontal particle fluxes on the collection rate of the traps-instruments intended for the collection of vertically settling particles. The asymmetric flow of Antarctic Bottom Water through the Vema Channel created an excellent natural flume environment in which there were vertical and lateral gradients in the distribution of both horizontal velocity and particle concentration and, therefore, the resulting horizontal flux. Horizontal effects were examined by comparing quantities of collected material (apparent vertical fluxes) with the horizontal fluxes of particles past each trap. We also looked for evidence of hydrodynamic biases by comparing and contrasting ...

The report studies the energization of electrons in a magnetoplasma by wave-particle interaction. Depending upon the refractive index of the plasma medium and the field parameters the wave particle interaction exhibits either synchronous or oscillatory behavior. Adopting dipole model of geomagnetic field and various plasma and field parameters the energization of electrons in the ionosphere and magnetosphere has been studied. Detailed computation of energy gain and time of energy oscillation has been carried out. An effort has been made to explain some of the ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena in the light of these calculations. The role of effective electron collision frequency on the wave particle phenomena has been considered. The problem is reformulated to include the effect of finite collisions. Computation is carried out to display the effect of collisions. Author

This would require each quark (uud) to annihilate with its anti matter counter part. This is fine, but this produces gluons not photons. I know these gluons can decay into particles, and they could then maybe annihilate into photons ...

In the outer radiation belt, the acceleration and loss of high‐energy electrons is largely controlled by wave‐particle interactions. Quasilinear diffusion coefficients are an efficient way to capture the small‐scale physics of wave‐particle interactions due to magnetospheric wave modes such as plasmaspheric hiss. The strength of quasilinear diffusion coefficients as a function of energy and pitch angle depends on both wave parameters and plasma parameters such as ambient magnetic field strength, plasma number density, and composition. For plasmaspheric hiss in the magnetosphere, observations indicate large variations in the wave intensity and wave normal angle, but less is known about the simultaneous variability of the magnetic field and number density. We use in situ measurements from the Van Allen Probe mission to demonstrate the variability of selected factors that control the size and shape of pitch angle diffusion coefficients: wave intensity, magnetic field strength, and electron ...

A team of MIT researchers has found that moving bodies can be attracted to each other, even when theyre quite far apart and separated by many other objects.

The Stanford two-mile accelerator, the longest in the world, accelerates electrons to the very high energy needed in the study of subatomic particles and forces. Experiments performed here have shown that the proton, one of the building blocks of the atom, is in turn composed of smaller particles now called quarks. Other research here has uncovered new families of particles and demonstrated subtle effects of the weak nuclear force. This research requires the utmost precision in the large and unique electromechanical devices and systems that accelerate, define, deliver and store the beams of particles, and in the detectors that analyze the results of the particle interactions. ...

We develop a physical and computational model for performing fully coupled, grain-resolved direct numerical simulations of cohesive sediment, based on the immersed boundary method. The model distributes the cohesive forces over a thin shell surrounding each particle, thereby allowing for the spatial and temporal resolution of the cohesive forces during particle-particle interactions. The influence of the cohesive forces is captured by a single dimensionless parameter in the form of a cohesion number, which represents the ratio of cohesive and gravitational forces acting on a particle. We test and validate the cohesive force model for binary particle interactions in the drafting-kissing-tumbling (DKT) configuration. Cohesive sediment grains can remain attached to each other during the tumbling phase following the initial collision, thereby giving rise to the formation of flocs. The DKT simulations demonstrate that cohesive particle pairs settle in a preferred orientation, with particles of very ...

Discrete-continuous hybrid models are a popular means for describing elastic membrane-mediated particle interactions in and on lipid bilayers. Here, the continuous part is usually given by an approximation of the lipid membrane by an infinitely thin and sufficiently smooth hypersurface, whose elastic energy is determined by a Canham-Helfrich type functional. The discrete component results from modeling non-membrane particles as rigid discrete entities, which, depending on their configuration, induce local constraints on the membrane along the membrane-particle interfaces. In this context, the interaction potential describes the optimal elastic energy of such hybrid systems with a fixed particle configuration. Correspondingly, the energy minimization principle yields that stationary particle configurations are given by the local minima of the interaction potential. The main goal of this work is the proof of differentiability of the interaction potential for a selected class of models. This is ...

We present an effective medium theory for resonant plasmonic nanoparticle systems. By utilizing the notion of dressed polarizability to describe dipolar particle interactions, we show that even highly concentrated, resonant plasmonic particles can be correctly described by the effective medium theory. The effective permittivity tensor of a nanoparticle monolayer is found explicitly and the resulting absorbance spectrum is shown to agree with rigorous numerical results from the FDTD model. The effective theory based on dressed polarizability provides a powerful tool to tailor resonant optical behaviors and design diverse plasmonic devices.. ©2012 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

In the search for dark matter (DM), one particular focus is on light and ultra-light dark matter, i.e. sub-GeV mass dark matter from a hidden dark sector with a new force interacting with the standard model or ultra-light DM with mass range from 10−22 eV to keV. The arguably most popular example of the latter class is the axion, invoked to solve the apparent absence of CP violation in Quantum Chromo Dynamics. Detection of these particles poses new challenges to potential sensor materials: very small energy depositions, magnetic properties and anisotropic response to particle interactions for example become crucial requirements. The challenge of finding suitable materials fits well with recent developments in solid state physics: Motivated by the exponential growth of computational power and the resulting data, we witness the rapid adoption of functional materials prediction within the framework of materials informatics. Here, methods adapted from computer science based on data-mining and ...

Physicists experimentally observed how the anisotropic properties of particles deform the Fermi surface in a quantum gas. The work published in Science provides the basis for future studies on how the geometry of particle interactions may influence the properties of a quantum system.

Gyroresonant wave particle interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are a potentially important loss process for relativistic electrons in the Earths radiation belts. Here we perform a statistical analysis of the EMIC waves observed by the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) to determine the global morphology and spectral properties of the waves and to help assess their role in radiation belt dynamics. Helium band EMIC waves, with intensities, inline image, greater than 0.1 nT2, are most prevalent during active conditions (AE > 300 nT), from 4 < L* < 7 in the afternoon sector, with an average percentage occurrence of 2.6%. Hydrogen band EMIC wave events, with intensities greater than 0.1 nT2, are also most prevalent in the afternoon sector during active conditions in the same region, but they are less prevalent with an average percentage occurrence of 1.0%. The average intensity of the helium and hydrogen band EMIC waves in the region 4 < L* < 7 in the ...

My current work is centred on drawing, building equivalents between the visual forces inherent in the language of drawing and particle interactions explored by the physicist. Both are elemental building blocks of our diverse specialisms that reveal a history of shared ideas on the nature of reality since the early 20th century. A residency at the University…

The objective of this work is to develop a novel 3-D biological particulate dynamics framework to simulate blood flow in the micro circulation. This entails the amalgamation of concepts from various fields namely blood flow dynamics, solid mechanics, fluid-structure interaction and computational data structures. It is envisioned that this project will serve as a harbinger for implementing a multi-scale simulation model with applications in a vast array of situations from blood flows in heart valves to studying cancer metastasis. The primary motivation for this work stems from the need for establishing a simple, effective and holistic framework for performing blood flow simulations, taking into account the extremely 3-D nature of flow, the particle interactions and fluid structure interaction between blood and its constituent elements. Many current models to simulate blood cells rely on finite element methods which render large scale simulations extremely computationally intensive. The development of a

via themindunleashed.org A contemplative exploration into the inner essences of creation, the nature of matter, energy, time, space, and the consciousness which witnesses these phenomena. Particle interactions, the motions of stars and planets, the behaviors of neurons within the brain, and the genetic templates of the body-mind systems which contain conscious entities can all be described with code […]. Continue Reading ». ...

via themindunleashed.org A contemplative exploration into the inner essences of creation, the nature of matter, energy, time, space, and the consciousness which witnesses these phenomena. Particle interactions, the motions of stars and planets, the behaviors of neurons within the brain, and the genetic templates of the body-mind systems which contain conscious entities can all be described with code […]. Continue Reading ». ...

Recommended preparation: an introductory course in biology is helpful but not necessary. (W) The use of dynamic systems and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to understand the biological cell. Topics chosen from: chemotaxis as a model system; signal transduction networks and cellular information processing; mechanics of the membrane; cytoskeletal dynamics; nonlinear Calcium waves Spectroscopy of Light and Heavy Quarks (Ettore Majorana International Science Series). The Belle II detector and SuperKEKB, the upgrade of Belle detector and KEKB collider, are being constructed at the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan Particle Interaction Physics At High Ene. But in certain cases the initial capture is rapidly followed by the fission of the new nucleus. Whether fission takes place, and indeed whether capture occurs at all, depends on the velocity of the passing neutron and on the particular heavy nucleus involved Exciton Quasiparticles: Theory, Dynamics, and Applications (Physics Research and ...

Large quantity of models for pool fire characteristics is available in the literature. In the present work, we implemented different possibilities of heat fraction calculation and we introduced the flame length in order to calculate the point source-target distance. Finally we do not consider the atmospheric stability as constant but we introduced simple mathematical correlation and compare both the model with and without this parameter. The present contribution shows that the Effects model and presented model are almost same based on the heat flux calculation results and therefore that the implementation of the Yellow book model is well done. Nevertheless, from an area of the pool of approximately 5000 m2 there are differences between both models. Those differences are evaluated about 10%. Moreover, it is interesting to evaluate the pool fire behavior according to the nature of the fuel. For the same scenario that is say for the same ambient condition and mass of fuel the variation of the heat ...

AB - The suprathermal particles, electrons and protons, coming from the Sun and precipitating into the high-latitude atmosphere are an energy source for the Earths ionosphere. They interact with the ambient thermal gas through inelastic and elastic collisions. Most of the physical quantities perturbed by the precipitation, such as the electron production rate, may be evaluated by solving the stationary Boltzmann transport equation, which yields the particle fluxes as a function of altitude, energy, and pitch angle. This equation has been solved for the three different suprathermal species (electrons, protons and hydrogen atoms). We first compare the results of our theoretical code to a coordinated DMSP/EISCAT experiment, and to another approach. Then, we show the effects that pure proton precipitation may have on the ionosphere, through primary and secondary ionization. Finally, we compare the effects of proton precipitation and electron precipitation in some selected cases above EISCAT ...

Our data (Fig. 2) allow an approach for calculating the permeabilities of NH3 and NH4+. The slope of the regression should reflect the impact of the increase in NH3, and its numerical value represents the flux rate of NH3 per millimole per liter of NH3 applied. The intercept of ammonia flux on the y-axis (0.7·μeq·cm−2·h−1) predominantly or solely represents NH4+ flux at a luminal concentration of 30 mM, from which the flux rate of NH4+ per millimole per liter of NH4+ can be derived by simple division. The permeability ratio PNH3/PNH4+ can be obtained by dividing the slope of the regression by this value, yielding a value of PNH3/PNH4+ ≈ 175. The value that is reported for the human colon (∼400) is even higher (15). Thus the effects of luminal pH on the absorption of ammonia, and Na transport via the NHE, should be considerable in both tissues.. Despite the high value of PNH3/PNH4+, which can lead to the incorrect assumption that transport of NH4+ is negligible, the amount of ...

In this paper, all elementary particles (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson) can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles based on string theory with oscillating spacetime dimension number, instead of conventional string theory with fixed space-time dimension number. Dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D reversibly. The oscillation of space-time dimension number (D) is accompanied by mass dimension number (d) to represent mass. Space-time dimension number decreases with increasing mass dimension number, decreasing speed of light and increasing rest mass. 4D particle originally is 4D10d particle, and has the lowest speed of light and the highest rest mass. With the same energy, the relation between adjacent mass dimensions is Md-1=Mdαd2, where M is rest mass, d is mass dimension number, and α is the fine structure constant. According to the proposed cosmology, the non-gravitational 4D10d particles were sliced into 4D4d

Wavelet transforms are used to explore the dynamic evolution of granular material by post-processing data from DEM simulations. Data sets generated from two different physical scenarios were analysed: particles in vibration cells and samples under compression. It is shown how the wavelet multiresolution analysis (MRA) helps to reveal the particle motions within a vibration box subject to applied vibrations. Two combinations of amplitude and frequency vibration were applied in this work: low frequency with high amplitude and high frequency with low amplitude. Both cases give the same acceleration amplitude of approximately 7.8g where g is the acceleration due to gravity and both mono-sized particles and binary mixture were considered. The root mean square of the fluctuating velocity and the packing fraction of the two data sets are also consistent with the analysis results of the wavelets technique. Furthermore, it is shown how the MRA techniques were used to capture the position of ...

In this paper we consider a model in which the masses of elementary particles are formed and stabilized thanks to confining potential, which is caused by recoil momentum at emission of specific virtual bosons by particle itself. The calculation of this confining potential Ф(R) is carried out. It is shown that Ф(R) may be in the form const or const depending on continuous or discrete nature of the spectrum of emitted bosons.

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Two knots; just two rudimentary knots, the unknot and the trefoil. Thats all we need to build a model of the elementary particles of physics, one with fermions and bosons, hadrons and leptons, interactions weak and strong and the attributes of spin, isospin, mass, charge, CPT invariance and more. There are no quarks to provide fractional charge, no gluons to sequester them within nucleons and no

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All known elementary particles have electric charges that are integer multiples of a third of the electron charge. But some theories predict the existence of millicharged elementary particles that would have a charge much smaller that the electron charge and could account for the elusive dark matter that fills the universe. An international team of researchers has now reported the first search at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)-and more generally at any hadron collider-for elementary particles with charges smaller than a tenth of the electron charge.

The fluid - particle interaction inside a 41.7 mg s−1 fluidised bed reactor is modelled. Three char particles of sizes 500 μm, 250 μm, and 100 μm are injected into the fluidised bed and the momentum transport from the fluidising gas and fluidised sand is modelled. Due to the fluidising conditions and reactor design the char particles will either be entrained from the reactor or remain inside the bubbling bed. The particle size is the factor that differentiates the particle motion inside the reactor and their efficient entrainment out of it. A 3-Dimensional simulation has been performed with a completele revised momentum transport model for bubble three-phase flow according to the literature as an extension to the commercial finite volume code FLUENT 6.2.. ...

Current optical micromanipulation techniques include many unique tools and methods that enable spatial localization of microobjects (including living cells) in a laser beam (so-called optical tweezers), 3D manipulations with several objects, contactless and sterile separation of microobjects or suspension components, surface arrangement of microparticles and their transport. Optical tweezers use single focused laser beam for spatial confinement and manipulation of microobjects. Laser wavelength is chosen so that it is not absorbed by the object and therefore the object is not damaged. Majority of experiments is performed in water and exceptionally in air, however here the particle strongly interacts with the environment and its motion is overdamped. Namely suppression of particle interaction with environment and possibility to change dynamically the shape of the trapping potential by spatial laser beam intensity profile lead to experimental realization of miniature mechanical oscillator in ...

Violation of Lorentz invariance in nature is a possibility suggested by various candidate theories of quantum gravity and exotic extensions of the standard model, and by general curiosity. Lorentz-violating effects in particle interactions are strongly constrained, but effects involving gravity are not. Here, observational constraints on, and theoretical aspects of, a certain class of gravitational theories that violate Lorentz invariance are considered. Einstein-aether theory is a four-parameter class of theories in which gravity couples to a dynamical, timelike, unit-norm vector field: the aether. This family provides a means for studying Lorentz violation in a generally covariant setting. Demonstrated first is the effect on the four parameters, of stretching the metric along the aether direction. Next, the Noether charge method for defining the Hamiltonian of a diffeomorphism invariant field theory is applied to obtain expressions for the total energy, momentum, and angular momentum of an ...

spin is a very funny thing. It BEHAVES like angular momentum: it can be converted into angular momentum! (that is, a spin-1 particle can decay into two spin-0 particles with 1 unit of orbital (ordinary) angular momentum between them, thus conserving total angular momentum). It also couples to magnetic fields the way ordinary angular momentum does (a charged particle moving in a circle has a magnetic dipole moment; so does a quantum particle at rest but with spin!). So in all ways, spin is an angular momentum ...

Particles with half-integer spin like protons and electrons are called fermions. Particles with integer spin are called bosons.. Any particle with non-zero spin can undergo resonance. So it is possible to have electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and even muon paramagnetic resonance (μPR). Protons and neutrons are no longer considered elementary particles, each being composed of 3 quarks held together by by the strong force mediated by gluons. Quarks are elementary particles that have spin ½. The proton is composed of 2 up-quarks and one down quark. Generally two of the three quark spins cancel leaving the proton with a spin ½, At very high temperatures, however, the three quark spins may align, giving the proton a spin of 3/2. This high-energy, high-spin proton is called a Δ+ particle. In addition to spin angular momentum, electrons also have angular momentum from their orbital motion around the nucleus. The total electron angular momentum is the sum of spin and orbital ...

Because physics says that such particle waveforms can and generally do overlap, overlapping composition in space is then genuine. So one can use this to show that a given region contains more than one substance, so that there is no reason not to allow substances like a body to have composition and contain other substances ...

Students of particle physics often find it difficult to locate resources to learn calculational techniques as intermediate steps are usually not given in the research literature. To a certain extent, this is the case even in some of the established textbooks. In this book of worked problems enough details are provided so that the beginner will understand the solution in each particular case.

Principal Investigator：KONDO Takahiko, Project Period (FY)：1999 - 2005, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

1.) It has been estimated that the Earth contains 1.0 x 10^9 tons of natural uranium that can be mined economically. If all the worlds energy needs (7.0 x 10^12 J/s) were supplied by 235(U) fission, how long would this supply.

Abstract. Commonly, the micrometeorological parameters that underline the calculations of surface atmosphere exchange fluxes (e.g. friction velocity and sensible heat flux) and parameters used to model exchange fluxes with SVAT-type parameterisations (e.g. latent heat flux and canopy temperature) are measured with a single set of instrumentation and are analysed with a single methodology. This paper evaluates uncertainties in these measurements with a single instrument, by comparing the independent results from nine different institutes during the international GRAMINAE integrated field experiment over agricultural grassland near Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. The paper discusses uncertainties in measuring friction velocity, sensible and latent heat fluxes, canopy temperature and investigates the energy balance closure at this site. Although individual 15-min flux calculations show a large variability between the instruments, when averaged over the campaign, fluxes agree within 2% for ...

FLUX is a Fidget game. A Typing game. A Beatemup. A Rhythm game. All glued together with a beautiful cyberpunk world, tons of cosmetics and the dialogue of a long-distance relationship between two people in a world torn apart.

If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library, or send a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. ...

Why do most particles disintegrate [the technical term is ``decay] into other particles? Particle physicists have discovered a slew of apparently elementary particles, and there may be more. But most of these types of particles arent just lying around on the floor waiting for us to sweep them up; weve had to build special machines…

When the $10 billion LHC was last operating, it discovered the Higgs boson: the elementary particle that gives other particles mass, and the last major gap in the Standard Model of particle physics. This theory explains how the universes fundamental particles interact via strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces, but it has its limitations. It doesnt fully explain gravity, for example, or the existence of a hypothetical type of matter known as dark matter - which doesnt absorb, emit, or reflect light, but is thought to outweigh visible matter in the universe by a ratio of six to one.. Armed with the LHCs new operating energies, physicists want to push beyond the bounds of the Standard Model and hunt for these new, unknown particles. As well as dark matter, scientists at CERN will also be looking for partner particles - new particles that are predicted by a theory known as supersymmetry, a framework that many physicists think is the best way of overcoming the limitations of the Standard ...

The rarest decay of atoms Observation of this process would confirm thatsubatomic neutrino particles have their own anti-material particle partners, and would help to unravel the mystery of why our Universe is almost entirely made up of matter, and not of antimatter.. The community was quite noisy after the release of this result, says Lindley Winslow, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.. Xenon-124 is an isotope, the form of the element with suchsame number of protons, but with a different number of neutrons (the number 124 means the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus). It is one of the few radioactive isotopes that decay as a result of two-neutrino double capture of electrons. But atoms are so rarely subjected to this decay, that scientists need to track a huge number of xenon atoms to get a chance to witness it.. Elementary particle physicist Christian Wittweg fromThe University of Munster in Germany and its colleagues were looking for the signature of ...

All matter on Earth and in the universe is made up of elementary particles that have existed since just after the Big Bang. Wallenberg Scholar Sara Strandberg is studying how the particles interact with each other. She is using data from the LHC particle collider at CERN to learn more about the Higgs Boson and the part it plays in the Standard Model of particle physics.

Wednesday, July 25, 2012 , Presented by Sally Dawson and Howard Gordon , 53:41. Data collected during 2011 and 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland, the worlds highest-energy proton collider, has culminated in the discovery of a new particle that is about 135 times heavier than a proton. But is it really the Higgs particle predicted by the theory that explains the origin of the mass of most elementary particles in the universe? The discovery and its possible identity is discussed by two Brookhaven Lab physicists, Sally Dawson and Howard Gordon, with deep roots in the hunt for the Higgs. Read More. Video Tags: lecture lectures & seminars LHC physics ...

In 1963, Gell-Mann and American physicist George Zweig independently postulated the existence of the quark- an even more fundamental elementary particle with a fractional electric charge. Quarks are confined in protons, neutrons, and other particles by forces associated with the exchange of gluons. It was discovered that protons and neutrons were not dimensionless fundamental points rather they were fuzzy ball like objects having some internal structure. Deep inelastic scattering experiment showed that protons contained smaller point like objects... ...

It is known that the Big Bang theory has a number of unsolved problems, [1] moreover, the phenomena, on which it is based, can be explained by other reasons. [2] In the theory of Infinite Hierarchical Nesting of Matter, as opposed to atomism, there are no absolutely elementary particles - every natural object is made up of smaller objects. Therefore, the origin of electrons and other particles is considered from the standpoint of matter evolution in space, which occurs by the same laws at different levels of matter. The basis of this approach is SPФ symmetry, according to which the laws of motion of matter and fields under similarity transformations between the matter levels do not change their form and remain invariant. The distribution of material objects in the Universe is described with the help of scale dimension, which extends over all levels of matter. The basic levels of matter are: the level of graons - the level of praons - the level of nucleons - the level of stars - the level of ...

Herewith, an intriguing paragraph about physics, biology (the brain), and consciousness: Wave-particle duality, a fundamental concept of quantum mechanics, proposes that elementary particles, such as photons and electrons, possess the properties of both particles and waves. These physicists claim that they can possibly extend this theory to the soul-body dichotomy. If there is a…

According to string theory the different sub-atomic constituents of matter - the electron, the quarks and other elementary particles - are to be thought of as different modes of vibration of an extremely small string. This simple postulate not only has the potential to unify the fundamental particles, but leads naturally to a consistent description of the physical forces. In recent times the mathematical structure of string theory has led to suggestions of how it might be applied to problems in areas of physics far removed from the ones it was originally intended for and that cannot be addressed by more conventional techniques. This talk will explain the background to the questions that string theory aims to address and give a non-technical description of properties of the theory. ...

When an electron and a positron collide at high energy, they can convert into new particles of almost any type, familiar or exotic. Our most direct view into the world of elementary particles comes from observing these annihilation events. In this talk ...

According to string theory the different sub-atomic constituents of matter - the electron, the quarks and other elementary particles - are to be thought of as different modes of vibration of an extremely small string. This simple postulate not only has the potential to unify the fundamental particles, but leads naturally to a consistent description of the physical forces. In recent times the mathematical structure of string theory has led to suggestions of how it might be applied to problems in areas of physics far removed from the ones it was originally intended for and that cannot be addressed by more conventional techniques. This talk will explain the background to the questions that string theory aims to address and give a non-technical description of properties of the theory. ...

QCD describes the interactions between quarks in high energy physics. Currently, we know of five types (referred to as ``flavors) of quark: up, down, strange, charm, and bottom; and expect one more (top) to show up soon. In addition to having a ``flavor, quarks can carry one of three possible charges known as ``color (this has nothing to do with color in the macroscopic world!); hence, quantum chromodynamics. The strong color force is mediated by particles called gluons, just as photons mediate the electromagnetic force. Unlike photons, though, gluons themselves carry a color charge and, therefore, interact with one another. This makes QCD a nonlinear theory, which is impossible to solve analytically. Therefore, we turn to the computer for numerical solutions. QCD is an example of a ``gauge theory. These are quantum field theories that have a local symmetry described by a symmetry (or gauge) group. Gauge theories are ubiquitous in elementary particle physics: The electromagnetic ...

DESY is one of the worlds leading accelerator centres. Researchers use the large-scale facilities at DESY to explore the microcosm in all its variety - from the interactions of tiny elementary particles and the behaviour of new types of nanomaterials to biomolecular processes that are essential to life. The accelerators and detectors that DESY develops and builds are unique research tools. The facilities generate the worlds most intense X-ray light, accelerate particles to record energies and open completely new windows onto the universe. That makes DESY not only a magnet for more than 3000 guest researchers from over 40 countries every year, but also a coveted partner for national and international cooperations. Committed young researchers find an exciting interdisciplinary setting at DESY. The research centre offers specialized training for a large number of professions. DESY cooperates with industry and business to promote new technologies that will benefit society and encourage ...

It is one of the most elusive of the elementary particles, so it will be extremely difficult to locate. Most likely, peons will be found hitching a ride on gravity waves, which are tough to measure as it is. Steps have already been taken to find these waves. In 1969, Joseph Weber developed what came to be known as the Weber Bar. With this device he had hoped to lure the peons, known for their lack of morals) for a drink or two, but Weber ran into problems as other nonethical particles (especially those leptons) kept riding through on their Harley waves, causing too many disturbances in his bar. It became impossible to pinpoint the peon in the midst of such a ruckus. ...

Seth Llyod is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His talk, Programming the Universe, is about the computational power of atoms, electrons, and elementary particles. | Complex Insight - Understanding our world

Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms | Volume 25F | Book DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47801-1 | SpringerMaterials 2015

Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms | Volume 25E | Book DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30699-0 | SpringerMaterials 2013

Propositions that are untestable, unfalsifiable are not worth much. Consider the grand idea that our Universe and everything in it is just an elementary particle -- an electron, say -- in a much bigger Cosmos. But if we can never acquire information from outside our Universe, is not the idea incapable of disproof? You must be able to check assertions out. Inveterate skeptics must be given the chance to follow your reasoning, to duplicate your experiments and see if they get the same result. The reliance on carefully designed and controlled experiments is key, as I tried to stress earlier. We will not learn much from mere contemplation. It is tempting to rest content with the first candidate explanation we can think of. One is much better than none. But what happens if we can invent several? How do we decide among them? We dont. We let experiment do it. Francis Bacon provided the classic reason: Argumentation cannot suffice for the discovery of new work, since the subtlety of Nature is greater ...

This is a pedagogical and systematic introduction to new concepts and quantum field theoretical methods in condensed matter physics which may have an impact on our understanding of the origin of light, electrons and other elementary particles in the universe. Emphasis is on clear physical principles.

Home » France » Michel Houellebecq » Soumission (Submission) Michel Houellebecq: Soumission (Submission) Since reading Les particules élémentaires (UK: Atomised; US: The Elementary Particles), I have kept away from Michel Houellebecq, feeling that he was more concerned with self-promotion than writing great works of literature. However, having read a lot about this work in the…

Berry, T. A., Podolyák, Z., Carroll, R. J., Lică, R., Grawe, H., Timofeyuk, N. K., Alexander, T., Andreyev, A. N., Ansari, S., Borge, M. J. G., Creswell, J., Fahlander, C., Fraile, L. M., Fynbo, H. O. U., Gelletly, W., Gerst, R. B., Górska, M., Gredley, A., Greenlees, P., Harkness-Brennan, L. J. & 42 others, Huyse, M., Judge, S. M., Judson, D. S., Konki, J., Kurcewicz, J., Kuti, I., Lalkovski, S., Lazarus, I., Lund, M., Madurga, M., Mărginean, N., Mărginean, R., Marroquin, I., Mihai, C., Mihai, R. E., Nácher, E., Nae, S., Negret, A., Niţă, C., Page, R. D., Pascu, S., Patel, Z., Perea, A., Pucknell, V., Rahkila, P., Rapisarda, E., Regan, P. H., Rotaru, F., Shand, C. M., Simpson, E. C., Sotty, C., Stegemann, S., Stora, T., Tengblad, O., Turturica, A., Van Duppen, P., Vedia, V., Wadsworth, R., Walker, P. M., Warr, N., Wearing, F. & De Witte, H., 24 Apr 2019. Article in Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics ...