A total of 486 Listeria monocytogenes isolates originating from 17 Finnish food processing plants (representing meat, poultry, fish, and dairy production) were collected and typed by automated ribotyping using EcoRI as the restriction enzyme. The isolates were divided into 16 different ribotypes (RTs). Some of these isolates (121), representing all EcoRI types and 16 food plants, were subjected to ribotyping with the PvuII enzyme, to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing with AscI and SmaI restriction enzymes, and to serotyping with O-antigen antisera. Nineteen ribotypes were generated with PvuII, 42 macrorestriction patterns were generated with AscI and 24 with SmaI, and three serotypes were generated with antisera. When the results were combined, the overall number of RTs was 23, and that of the PFGE types was 46. Thus, the overall discrimination power of PFGE was higher (discrimination index [DI] 0.966) than that of ribotyping (DI 0.906). The most common serotype (90.1% of the isolates) was

In the United States, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the USA300 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type causes most community-associated MRSA infections and is an increasingly common cause of health care-associated MRSA infections. USA300 probably emerged during the early 1990s. To assess the spatiotemporal diffusion of USA300 MRSA and USA100 MRSA throughout the United States, we systematically reviewed 354 articles for data on 33,543 isolates, of which 8,092 were classified as USA300 and 2,595 as USA100. Using the biomedical literature as a proxy for USA300 prevalence among genotyped MRSA samples, we found that USA300 was isolated during 2000 in several states, including California, Texas, and midwestern states. The geographic mean center of USA300 MRSA then shifted eastward from 2000 to 2013. Analyzing genotyping studies enabled us to track the emergence of a new, successful MRSA type in space and time across the country ...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. Strains classified as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type (PFGE) USA300 a...

The aim of the study was to determine antimicrobial resistance and genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from food of animal origin from different parts of Poland during years 2013-2016. A total of 146 isolates were tested using a microbroth dilution method, whereas virulence genes and molecular serogroups were identified by PCR. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to analyze the genotypic relationship of the strains. Altogether, 102 pulsotypes grouped into 7 clusters and 24 sequence types, including 3 new types, were identified. Most of the strains clustered into individual patterns were originated from different food products and were isolated in different geographical regions at various time. L. monocytogenes was mostly resistant to oxacilin (90.4% strains), clindamycin (54.1%) and ceftriaxone (49.3%). A multiresistance patterns, mainly to ceftriaxone, oxacillin together with other antimicrobials, were observed among ...

Sixty-one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were collected from Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand. These included 43 Enterobacteriaceae and 18 Pseudomonadaceae. The 43 Enterobacteriaceae were found to produce the following ESBLs: 26 (60.5%) SHV-12, 13 (30.2%) SHV-5, two (4.7%) SHV-2a, one (2.3%) VEB-1 and one (2.3%) unidentified. Twenty-four isolates (55.8%) also carried bla(TEM-1B), as well as bla(SHV) or bla(VEB-1). Plasmid DNA from transconjugants carrying the bla(SHV-12) gene showed various restriction patterns, indicating the distribution of the bla(SHV-12) gene among different antibiotic resistance plasmids. In contrast, bla(SHV-5) in 13 isolates was found on a single plasmid of c. 130 kb. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of genomic DNA from these isolates revealed that nine of 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae gave the same pattern, indicating clonal spread of the strain within the hospital, together with the occasional spread of the plasmid to other strains. ...

Objective To determine the penicillin resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and to identify clonal relationships of isolates resistant to penicillin by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in both human and veterinary medicine. The importance of companion animals as reservoirs of human infections is currently unknown. The companion animals of 49 MRSA-infected outpatients (cases) were screened for MRSA carriage, and their bacterial isolates were compared with those of the infected patients using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Rates of MRSA among the companion animals of MRSA-infected patients were compared to rates of MRSA among companion animals of pet guardians attending a

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of large deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules by applying to a gel matrix an electric field that periodically changes direction. Standard gel electrophoresis techniques for separation of DNA molecules provided huge advantages for molecular biology research. However, it was unable to separate very large molecules of DNA effectively. DNA molecules larger than 15-20 kb migrating through a gel will essentially move together in a size-independent manner. At Columbia University in 1984, David C. Schwartz and Charles Cantor developed a variation on the standard protocol by introducing an alternating voltage gradient to improve the resolution of larger molecules. This technique became known as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The development of PFGE expanded the range of resolution for DNA fragments by as much as two orders of magnitude. The procedure for this technique is relatively similar to performing a standard gel ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the scope, source, and mode of transmission of a multifacility outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. DESIGN Outbreak investigation. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents and patients in skilled nursing facilities, long-term acute-care hospital, and acute-care hospitals. METHODS A case was defined as the incident isolate from clinical or surveillance cultures of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem or meropenem and nonsusceptible to all but 1 or 2 antibiotic classes in a patient in an Oregon healthcare facility during January 2012-December 2014. We queried clinical laboratories, reviewed medical records, oversaw patient and environmental surveillance surveys at 2 facilities, and recommended interventions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and molecular analysis were performed. RESULTS We identified 21 cases, highly related by PFGE or healthcare facility exposure. Overall, 17 patients (81%) were admitted to either long-term ...

in Microbial Drug Resistance : Mechanism, Epidemiology, & Disease (2002), 8(3), 193-200. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen with an intrinsic broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam compounds and other antibacterial agents. It produces two chromosomal beta-lactamases: a ... [more ▼]. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen with an intrinsic broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam compounds and other antibacterial agents. It produces two chromosomal beta-lactamases: a clavulanic acid-sensitive class A (L2) and a tetrameric carbapenemase (L1 or BlaS). We screened 40 S. maltophilia multidrug-resistant clinical isolates recovered between 1995 and 1998 in the Varese Hospital (Italy) for the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase. The isolates were investigated by phenotypic profiling (enzymatic activity and antibiotic resistance pattern) and molecular methods such as PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to reveal intraspecies diversity. For the tested ...

During 2015-2016, we evaluated the performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as a routine typing tool. Its added value for microbiological and epidemiologic surveillance of listeriosis was compared with that for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the current standard method. A total of 2,743 Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected as part of routine surveillance were characterized in parallel by PFGE and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) extracted from WGS. We investigated PFGE and cgMLST clusters containing human isolates. Discrimination of isolates was significantly higher by cgMLST than by PFGE (p<0.001). cgMLST discriminated unrelated isolates that shared identical PFGE profiles and phylogenetically closely related isolates with distinct PFGE profiles. This procedure also refined epidemiologic investigations to include only phylogenetically closely related isolates, improved source identification, and facilitated epidemiologic investigations, enabling identification

A physical map of the chromosome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 has been constructed. Digestion of strain FA1090 DNA with NheI, SpeI, BglII, or PacI resulted in a limited number of fragments that were resolved by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. The estimated genome size was 2,219 kb. To construct the map, probes corresponding to single-copy chromosomal sequences were used in Southern blots of digested DNA separated on pulsed-field gels, to determine how the fragments from different digests overlapped. Some of the probes represented identified gonococcal genes, whereas others were anonymous cloned fragments of strain FA1090 DNA. By using this approach, a macrorestriction map of the strain FA1090 chromosome was assembled, and the locations of various genetic markers on the map were determined. Once the map was completed, the repeated gene families encoding Opa and pilin proteins were mapped. The 11 opa loci of strain FA1090 were distributed over approximately 60% of ...

We observed an increase in bovine-origin S. Typhimurium isolates that were represented by 2 highly similar PFGE patterns, identified as Washington State PulseNet types TYP035 and TYP187 (Table 2). They were clearly distinguishable from phage type DT104 strains isolated during the same time frame (Appendix Figure). To determine whether these XbaI PFGE types were clonal, we characterized 60 S. Typhimurium isolates, including 32 TYP035-TYP187 isolates from bovines and 19 TYP035-TYP187 isolates from humans, by PFGE following digestion of DNA by SpeI. SpeI patterns within each XbaI type showed only minor banding variations. Thirteen isolates that were XbaI-TYP035 had SpeI patterns indistinguishable from those of XbaI-TYP187 isolates. In the cluster analysis of SpeI patterns, the TYP035 and TYP187 isolates XbaI patterns were at least 90.1% similar compared to an overall 83.7% similarity for all S. Typhimurium isolates in the analysis. Characterization of isolates within the XbaI PFGE type TYP035 also ...

Restriction endonuclease patterns generated by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to compare 96 strains of dairy propionibacteria originating from dairy products, international and indu

This study analyzed 42 strains collected between 2009C2012 from different hospitals in Beyrouth and North Lebanon to raised understand the epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in our collection and to compare the robustness of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and is an opportunistic gram negative pathogen involved in a wide quantity of nosocomial infections like ventilator-associated pneumonia, bloodstream, urinary tract, wound and meningitis infections frequently associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity [1]. 18 were international clones and 8 European or Asian restricted clones. The International clone II was the major clone reported in 34 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa Australia, USA, and South America. To track and monitor these outbreaks, denote strain relatedness and assign an outbreak strain to its corresponding clonal lineage, many typing methods with different intrinsic ...

Figure 1. Dendogram derived from PFGE profiles of a) ApaI and b) AscI macrorestriction, showing pattern similarity among the 22 L. monocytogenes strains of the study. Clusters are indicated on the left side of the Figure as well as a 90 % similarity line. PFGE groups are shown in rectangles on the right side of the figure. The source and other information associated with each strain are also shown.. The analysis of macrorestriction patterns obtained by PFGE-ApaI showed 68 % similarity of the 22 strains studied, distributed in 2 clusters: I and II as shown in Figure 1a. Closely related isolates (greater than 90 % similarity in banding patterns) were assigned a PFGE group. Cluster I had 3 isolates and included clone 001 and a ground beef strain (BS78) with a similarity of 83 %. Cluster II had 19 strains and included the PFGE-ApaI group 1 that grouped 15 strains with 92 % similarity. This group contained 80 % (12/15) of the ground beef strains, the strain isolated in the human sporadic case of 2008 ...

Figure 1. Dendogram derived from PFGE profiles of a) ApaI and b) AscI macrorestriction, showing pattern similarity among the 22 L. monocytogenes strains of the study. Clusters are indicated on the left side of the Figure as well as a 90 % similarity line. PFGE groups are shown in rectangles on the right side of the figure. The source and other information associated with each strain are also shown.. The analysis of macrorestriction patterns obtained by PFGE-ApaI showed 68 % similarity of the 22 strains studied, distributed in 2 clusters: I and II as shown in Figure 1a. Closely related isolates (greater than 90 % similarity in banding patterns) were assigned a PFGE group. Cluster I had 3 isolates and included clone 001 and a ground beef strain (BS78) with a similarity of 83 %. Cluster II had 19 strains and included the PFGE-ApaI group 1 that grouped 15 strains with 92 % similarity. This group contained 80 % (12/15) of the ground beef strains, the strain isolated in the human sporadic case of 2008 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Insertion element IS3-based PCR method for subtyping Escherichia coli O157. T2 - H7. AU - Thompson, Curt J.. AU - Daly, Claire. AU - Barrett, Timothy J.. AU - Getchell, Jane P.. AU - Gilchrist, Mary J R. AU - Loeffelholz, Mike J.. PY - 1998/5. Y1 - 1998/5. N2 - An Escherichia coli O157:H7 subtyping method based on PCR amplification of variable DNA sequences between the repetitive element IS3 was developed. Template DNA was prepared by boiling cells in Chelex. Two separate IS3 PR amplifications were performed for each isolate: one with a single primer (primer IS3A) and one with two primers (primers IS3A and IS3B). The IS3 PCR subtyping method was applied to 35 epidemiologically related and unrelated E. coli O157:H7 isolates that had been previously characterized by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE identified 25 different subtypes (difference of one or more bands). PCR with single-primer IS3A and primer pair IS3A-IS3B identified 6 and 14 different subtypes, ...

The RESOLUTION System is based on PathoGenetixs proprietary Genome Sequence Scanning™ (GSS™) technology, which enables pathogen serotype identification and strain typing in just five hours, directly from complex mixtures such as environmental, clinical and enriched food samples. Initially developed to detect bio-threat pathogens in environmental samples under a five-year, $50-million contract through the Department of Homeland Security, the breakthrough GSS technology isolates and analyzes DNA direct from complex mixtures-without the need for a pure culture isolate. The strain type information provided by GSS is comparable in resolution to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), one of the current gold standards for pathogen identification ...

MLST of S. aureus assesses variations in housekeeping genes that accumulate slowly in the population and that are assumed to be selectively neutral (9). It is likely to prove to be an invaluable research technique for the study of the global epidemiology of S. aureus and has the added advantage that sequence data can be stored in a central database, providing an ever-expanding resource. However, given its theoretical potential for good reproducibility both within and between laboratories, studies are now required to examine the role of this tool in the study of local epidemiology both in the research setting and more generally in clinical practice, for example, during the investigation and management of outbreaks.. The design of this study was chosen to reflect one of the scenarios in which typing is used, that is, for examination of nasal carriage and episodes of bacteremia in individuals over the short term by comparing strains in a given individual and in the group as a whole. The renal unit ...

Corresponding author. Mailing address: Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherches Avicoles et Porcines, Unité de Mycoplasmologie-Bactériologie, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France. Phone: 33-2-96-01-62-80. Fax: 33-2-96-01-62-73. E-mail: m.kobisch{at}ploufragan.afssa.fr ...

Advanced Analytical Technologies Inc AATI has received an RampD 100 Award from RampD Magazine for its FEMTO Pulse automated pulsed-field capillary electrophoresis CE instrument. As the only automated pulsed-field CE system on the market, the FEMTO Pulse won the award for its ability to separate and analyze large nucleic acid fragments span...

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has provided a very reliable system for separation of DNA fragments greater than 50 kb and has made a significant impact on the analysis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. The chapters in this book cover both the theory behind this very important technique and present detailed protocols for many of its major uses.

(2002) Yamaguchi et al. J.Infect.Dis.. A molecular epidemiological analysis was performed to reveal the clonal association of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with bullous impetigo. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis w...

Allele, Antigen, Disease, Electrophoresis, Gene, Identification, Methods, Molecular Typing, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Neisseria, Neisseria Meningitidis, Patients, Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis, Strains

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis proficiency testing trials: Toward european harmonization of the typing of food and clinical strains of listeria monocytogenes ...

The resultant PCR solution was cloned into a TA vector and remodeled into E. coli, which underwent ampicillin variety (a hundred mg/mL) on luria broth plates

In a recent article Epidemiology 1990; 1:421-429 I resurrected some historical criticisms of conventional statistics in non-randomized, non-randomly sampled studies, and suggested some improvements to current practice in response to these criticisms. Here, I propose that some resolution can be achieved by separating data analysis into...

I was officially diagnosed in March 2010. I was dating a man who I thought I would one day marry. I had my first outbreak 3 years into the relationship.

Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are a common cause of health care associated infections worldwide. Clonal spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carrying plasmid mediated CTX-M-15 have been commonly reported. Limited data is available regarding dissemination of chromosomally encoded CTX-M-15 in Klebsiella pneumoniae worldwide. We examined 23 non-repetitive ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens over a period of 4 months in a German University Hospital. All isolates were characterized to determine their genetic relatedness using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). PFGE revealed three clusters (B1, B2, and B3) with a sub-cluster (A3) comprising of 10 isolates with an identical PFGE pattern. All strains of the cluster B3 with similar PFGE patterns were typed as ST101, indicating an outbreak situation. The ESBL allele bla CTX-M-15 was identified in 16 (69.6 %) of all isolates, including

Forty-seven Salmonella Typhimurium (33 zoonotic, 14 clinical) strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance using the standard disk diffusion method. The presence of relevant resistance genes and class 1 integrons were investigated by using PCR. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling were carried out to determine the genomic diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium. Approximately 57.4 of the S. Typhimurium strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) and showed high resistance rates to tetracycline (70.2), sulfonamides (57.4), streptomycin (53.1), ampicillin (29.7), nalidixic acid (27.6), kanamycin (23.4), chloramphenicol (21.2), and trimethoprim (19.1). Resistance towards cephalosporins was noted for cephalothin (27.6), cephradine (21.2), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (17.0), and cephalexin (17.0). Resistance genes, bla(TEM), strA, aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, and tetC, were detected among the drug-resistant strains. Thirty-three strains (70.2) carried class 1 integrons, which ...

This study addresses the epidemiologic relatedness of a collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients attending the Pediatric Clinic, Catania, Sicily. Genome macrorestriction analysis after pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to characterise all strains. Furthermore, a rapid typing procedure, developed in this study, based on polymerase chain reaction amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms (PCR-ribotyping), straight from bacterial cultures, was used. On the basis of macrorestriction analysis after PFGE, persistence of infection was shown in all patients; two cross-transmission episodes were identified in the nosocomial as well as in the familiar environment. PCR-ribotyping proved to be useful for a DNA-based identification test, suitable for screening purposes. The rapid amplification protocol here tested is proposed to evaluate the discriminatory power of other specific target sequences in PCR-based typing assays, for epidemiologic purposes.

BACKGROUND: Avoparcin, cross-resistance with vancomycin, was added as feed-additive since 1970s and was prohibited in 1997 in Korea. After avoparcin was banned we examined prevalence and genetic relatedness of VRE in enterococci isolated from livestock and humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using enrichment broth and 6 microgram/mL vancomycin-containing enterococcosel selective agar, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were isolated from fecal sample of 255 pigs of 8 farms, 431 chickens of 9 farms, and 328 humans (Food industry employee and Institution cafeteria employee) of 5 public health centers, and 100 raw chicken meats from April to June 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and E-test. Species identification and genotyping were done by multiplex PCR method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of vanA-type VRE isolates was performed by CHEF-Mapper system. RESULTS: 19 isolates from 255 pigs, 122 isolates from 431 ...

Background: Salmonella serovar Infantis is endemic in Finnish food-producing animals since the 1970s. The purpose of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of the infection in cattle during 1985-2005, to follow the persistence of the feed-related outbreak strain from 1995 in the cattle population, and to analyse the stability of XbaI-banding patterns in individual herds during long-lasting infections. Methods: Salmonella Infantis isolates from 478 cattle herds (n = 588), covering 73% of the subclinically or clinically infected herds, were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI. DNA fragments larger than 125 kb were counted in PFGE types because of high plasmid background. Ribotyping and IS200-typing with BanI-digested DNA were done on 57 selected isolates. Results: The isolates associated with the infection consisted of 51 PFGE types with genetic similarity (F value) between 0.58 and 0.95. From 1985 to 2003, the major type appeared on 68% of the farms. The ...

The molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a university hospital in Italy from September 2002 to December 2004, when 233 colonizations and 19 infections by K. pneumoniae occurred. Molecular typing by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and dendrogram analysis of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates identified two distinct PFGE patterns B and C, that were sequentially isolated and that differed from one epidemic clone of PFGE type A isolated during 1996 in the same ward. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae epidemic clones of PFGE type B and C showed an identical antibiotype, that differed from clone of PFGE type A for gentamicin resistance. DNA sequencing of amplified blaTEM and blaSHV genes resulted in the detection of a novel blaTEM ESBL gene, blaTEM-136, along with blaSHV-1 gene, in chromosomal and plasmid DNA from K. pneumoniae of ...

Active surveillance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection among hospitalized patients in Calcutta, India, showed the appearance of the O4[ratio ]K68 serovar for the first time in March 1998 alongside the continued predominant incidence of the O3[ratio ]K6 serovar. Strains belonging to both these serovars have been reported to possess pandemic potential. The genomes of O3[ratio ]K6 and O4[ratio ]K68 strains and for comparison, non-O3[ratio ]K6 and non-O4[ratio ]K68 strains isolated from two different countries, India and Thailand, were examined by different molecular techniques to determine their relatedness. The O3[ratio ]K6 and O4[ratio ]K68 strains from Calcutta and Bangkok carried the tdh gene but not the trh gene. Characterization of representative strains of these two serovars by ribotyping and by arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) showed that the isolates had identical ribotype and DNA fingerprint. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) performed with the same set of ...

In June 2012, the Oregon Health Authority and the Washington State Department of Health noted an increase in the number of Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg clinical isolates sharing an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. In 2004, this pattern had been linked to chicken from Foster Farms by the Washington State Department of Health; preliminary 2012 interviews with infected persons also indicated exposure to Foster Farms chicken. On August 2, 2012, CDCs PulseNet* detected a cluster of 19 Salmonella Heidelberg clinical isolates matching the outbreak pattern. This report summarizes the investigation by CDC, state and local health departments, the U.S. Department of Agricultures Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and reinforces the importance of safe food handling to prevent illness. A total of 134 cases from 13 states were identified, including 33 patients who were hospitalized. This multifaceted investigation ...

Disinfectants play an essential role in controlling the dissemination of bacteria in health care settings, but it may also contribute to the selection of antibiotic resistance bacteria. This study looked at Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from three hospitals in Lima, Peru, in order to evaluate: their susceptibility to chlorhexidine [CHG] and isopropanol [ISP]), and their association with antimicrobial susceptibility. We analyzed 59 K. pneumoniae isolates and assessed their CHG and ISP susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Additionally, we performed a regression analysis to assess the association between disinfectant tolerance and antibiotic resistance (measured by the disc diffusion method), colistin resistance (by microdilution), carbapenemases presence (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), and clonal relationships (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]). Eleven K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from fomites, and 48 strains from clinical samples. The MIC ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among children and the elderly. The ability to effectively treat pneumococcal infection has been compromised due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, particularly to β-lactam drugs. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and molecular evolution of penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolated from invasive diseases before and after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Casablanca, Morocco. Isolates were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre of Casablanca. Serogrouping was done by Pneumotest Kit and serotyping by the Quellung capsular swelling. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disk diffusion and E-test methods. The PNSP were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by genotyping of pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x genes. A total of 361 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 2007

Background. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor and a vaccine target of the major neonatal pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS). Population studies revealed no strong correlation between CPS type and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) cluster, with the remarkable exception of the worldwide spread of hypervirulent GBS CC17, which were all until recently CPS type III. Methods. A total of 965 GBS strains from invasive infection isolated in France were CPS typed and the presence of the CC17-specific surface protein encoding gene hvgA gene was investigated. Three hvgA-positive GBS strains screened were surprisingly CPS type IV and thus further characterized by MLST typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole genome sequencing. Results. MLST and PFGE demonstrated a capsular switching from CPS type III to IV within the highly homogeneous GBS CC17. Sequence analysis revealed that this capsular switch was due to the exchange of a 35.5-kb DNA fragment containing

In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium. We conducted a descriptive study and a household cohort study to identify potential risk factors. Stool samples were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined. Between April and August 2008, 42 cases were registered. All characterised isolates (n=20) shared an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile and were indistinguishable from one of the twelve main strains detected in Israel in 2008, where the index case's father had stayed before the outbreak. The secondary attack rate in households was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3-12.7). Multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for secondary spread: households with more than three children (adjusted relative risk (RR): 9.17; 95% CI: 1.21-69.13), children younger than five years (adjusted RR: 5.45; 95% CI: 2.44-12.62), and children younger than 12

HANIFAH, YASMIN BINTI ABU (2009) Resistant Phenotypes and Genetic Diversity of Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumanii Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Intensive Care Unit, University Malaya Medical Centre. Full text not available from this repository ...

To increase the utility of the previously constructed physical map of the chromosome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090, 28 additional genetic markers were localized on the map. Cloned gonococcal genes were used to probe Southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested DNA separated on pulsed-field gels, thus identifying the fragment in each of several digests to which the probe hybridized and the map location of each gene. The addition of the new markers brings the total number of mapped loci for this strain to 68; the locations of all of those markers on the updated map are shown. ...

Boey, C.M. (2010) Reflections on the significance of the relationship between mind and body in medicine. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 13 (1). pp. 3-11.. Koh, P.S.; Cha, K.H.; Lucy, C.; Rampal, S.; Yoong, B.K. (2012) Superior somatic pain relief and improved visceral pain control is achieved using pre-emptive analgesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 15 (2). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1823-7339. Thong, K.L.; Puthucheary, S.D.; Boey, C.C.M.; Pang, T. (1999) Investigation of a recurrent case of Salmonellosis due to Salmonella bovismorbificans and Salmonella matopeni using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and antibiograms. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 4 (2). pp. 104-109. ISSN 1823-7339. ...

Extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields have previously been shown to affect conformation of chromatin, cell proliferation, and calcium metabolism. Possible mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of ELF have also been discussed and tested. In this study, intrachromosomal recombination in the hprt gene after exposure to ELF magnetic field was investigated using the SPD8 recombination assay. SPD8 cells, derived from V79 Chinese hamster cells were exposed to ELF at a specific combination of static and ELF magnetic fields, that has been proven to have effects on chromatin conformation in several cell types. The genotoxic agent camptothecin (CPT) was used either as a positive control or simultaneously with ELF. We also analysed the effect of ELF and CPT on chromatin conformation with the anomalous viscosity time dependence (AVTD) technique, cell growth kinetics, and cell survival with clonogenic assay. DNA fragmentation was analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). ELF did not induce ...

Since the 2006 discovery of the Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE AbaR1 resistance island, similar elements have been reported in numerous members of this species. As AbaR1 is distantly related to Tn7, we have renamed it TnAbaR1. TnAbaR transposons are known to carry multiple antibiotic resistance- and efflux-associated genes, although none have been experimentally studied en bloc. We deleted the TnAbaR transposon in A. baumannii A424, which we have designated TnAbaR23, and characterized independent deletion mutants DCO163 and DCO174. The NotI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile of strain DCO174 was consistent with targeted deletion of TnAbaR23 alone, but strain DCO163 apparently harbored a second large genomic deletion. Nevertheless, subtractive amplification targeting 52 TnAbaR and/or resistance-associated loci yielded identical results for both mutants and highlighted genes lost relative to strain A424. PCR mapping and genome sequencing revealed the entire 48.3-kb sequence of ...

Electrophoresis, Human, Meat, Meat Products, Methicillin, Methicillin-resistant, Mrsa, Multidrug Resistance, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus Aureus

Contributors. Forword.. Preface.. Dedication.. I. Introduction to Healthcare Associated Infections and Their Control.. 1. The Hospital and Ambulatory Care Environment (Anne Y. Chen and Hiren Pokharma).. 2. Pathogen Transmission in the Healthcare Setting (Sonja Hansen and Ralf-Peter Vonberg).. 3. Infection Control Basics (Louise-Marie Dembry and Carlos Torres-Viera).. 4. Cost-Effectiveness of IC Program (Marc-Oliver Wright and Eli N. Perencevich).. 5. Outbreak Investigations (Importance of the Healthcare Epidemiologist) (Marcus J. Zervos).. 6. Pathogen Elimination: Antibiotic and Disinfectant Use and the Development of Resistance (Steven L. Foley, Beilei Ge, Carl M. Schroeder, and Arron M. Lynne).. II. Techniques to Characterize Nosocomial Pathogens.. 7. Rapid PCR Screening Methods (Ngolela Esther Babady, Frankling Cockerill and Robin Patel).. 8. Restriction Analysis Techniques (Richard V. Goering, Mary Stemper, SanjayShukla and Steven Foley).. 9. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (Mary Stemper, ...

With the fingerprint data module, BioNumerics offers the most comprehensive tools for processing electrophoresis profiles and spectra.

Choose from a range of DNA, RNA and protein molecular weight markers. Use the DNA molecular weight markers for both conventional and pulsed field gel electrophoresis applications.

Fisherbrand Combs for SVG-SYS Vari-gel MINI Horizontal Gel Electrophoresis Unit - Offer flexibility in sample-loading Shop Fisherbrand™ Combs for SVG-SYS Vari-gel

The goal of this U01 is to characterize and understand the variability in the expressed transcriptome of human excitable cells. There are two predominant types...

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Sunday House Call, #704, July 29, 2019: CBD oil for pain? Not so fast. It may be the flavonoids!. An interesting study that has uncovered two chemical compounds, cannflavin A and B, found in cannabis may be the true molecules that treat pain. If so, isolating and producing this would bring great relief to many people without the side effects and drug interaction inherent with cannabis use. This is why we use science to avoid jumping on the miracle drug bandwagon before all the information is in.. Your calls today include:. ...