TY - JOUR. T1 - Low levels of ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase subunit peptide from hearts of copper-deficient rats are not altered by the administration of dimethyl sulfoxide. AU - Chao, J. C J. AU - Medeiros, D. M.. AU - Davidson, J.. AU - Shiry, L.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - This study determined if reported decreases in the δ subunit of ATP synthase and nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in hearts of copper-deficient rats were secondary to the heart disease pathology or due to lack of the trace element. Male weanling Long-Evans rats were randomly divided into six groups: rats fed a copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet (with free access) with or without 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the drinking water and rats pair-fed the copper-adequate or copper-deficient diet without DMSO treatment. After 4 wk, rats in the groups fed the copper- deficient diet had lower liver superoxide dismutase and heart cytochrome c oxidase activities compared with groups fed the copper-adequate ...

AS04 052, anti-Cytochrome COXII oxidase subunit II respiration respiratory chain antibody , cytochrome oxidase subunit II, plant COXII antibody, marker antibody for plant mitochondria, P04373. Q1XGA9, AtmG00160

Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Copper atom in PDB 2ein: Zinc Ion Binding Structure of Bovine Heart Cytochrome C Oxidase in the Fully Oxidized State

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Selecting Primers for RAPD, Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 for Genetic Variation Analysis of Asian Corn Borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) Population in Java, Indonesia

Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules

Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules

Reaktivität: Human, Affe, Maus and more. 43 verschiedene COX4I2 Antikörper vergleichen. Alle direkt auf antikörper-online bestellbar!

Heme A is an obligatory cofactor in eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), but little is known about how heme A is inserted into CcO, or how the flux of heme th...

Article Pet191 is a cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor in saccharomyces cerevisiae. The twin-Cx9C motif protein Pet191 is essential for cytochrome c oxidase maturation. The motif Cys residues are functionally important and appear to be present in d...

Cytochrome c oxidase was isolated from human hearts and separated by SDS gel electrophoresis. The identity of polypeptide bands with known subunits was demonstrated by immunoblotting with monospecific antisera to rat liver cytochrome c oxidase subunits. The polarographically determined kinetics of cytochrome c oxidation were similar to those reported for the bovine heart enzyme.

Top performende anti-Human SCO1 Cytochrome C Oxidase Assembly Protein Antikörper für Immunohistochemistry (IHC) vergleichen & kaufen.

TY - DATA. T1 - Culicoides pulicaris isolate Cul269 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. A2 - Kristensen, Michael. A2 - Lassen, Sandra. A2 - Nielsen, Søren Achim. PY - 2011/4/1. Y1 - 2011/4/1. M3 - Dataset. CY - NCBI GenBank. ER - ...

Cytochrome C oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Vb of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

The hypothesis explains the molecular basis for restoring mitochondrial function by laser therapy. It also explains how laser therapy reverses both excessive oxidation (lack of NADH/FADH2) and excessive reduction (lack of O2) states of cytochrome c oxidase complex. It is proposed that photons interact with heme molecules of cytochrome c oxidase. A molecule of heme contains a porphyrin ring and an atom of iron in the center. The iron atom (Fe) can switch oxidation states back and forth between ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) by accepting or releasing an electron. The porphyrin ring is a complex aromatic molecule that has 26 pi electrons which are delocalized, spinning in the carbon rings creating a resonating electromagnetic cloud. Photons with similar wavelengths are absorbed by the cloud increasing its energy. The energy is then passed on to the centrally located atom of iron existing in a reduced state (Fe2+). The electrons on the orbits of the iron atom accept this electromagnetic energy, ...

C57BL/6J mice were fed under four different experimental conditions for 17 weeks: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), HFD with 5% RJ, and HFD with 5% honey bee larva powder (BL). Spontaneous locomotor activity, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, and blood parameters were examined. Gene and protein expressions of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV) in BAT and WAT were investigated by qPCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively ...

The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV; COX) of the respiratory chain transfers electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. The activity of the respiratory chain complexes generates a proton-gradient across the inner membrane, which is used by the ATP-synthase to produce ATP for cellular metabolism. In baker´s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex IV forms a supercomplex with cytochrome c reductase (complex III, bc1) and consists of eight nuclear-encoded and three mitochondrially-encoded subunits. The formation of complex IV is crucial for respiratory growth. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) imports precursors of nuclear-encoded COX subunits into mitochondria. Subsequently, the presequence translocase (TIM23 complex) transports the majority of these precursor proteins into or across the inner membrane in a membrane potential dependent manner. The presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) drives the translocation into the mitochondrial matrix. The ATPase activity ...

MIRICPIVRS KVPLLGTFLR SDSWLAPHAL ALRRAICKNV ALRSYSVNSE QPKHTFDISK LTRNEIQQLR ELKRARERKF KDRTVAFYFS SVAVLFLGLA YAAVPLYRAI CARTGFGGIP ITDRRKFTDD KLIPVDTEKR IRISFTSEVS QILPWKFVPQ QREVYVLPGE TALAFYKAKN YSDKDIIGMA TYSIAPGEAA QYFNKIQCFC FEEQKLAAGE EIDMPVFFFI DPDFASDPAM RNIDDIILHY TFFRAHYGDG TAVSDSKKEP EMNADEKAAS LANAAILSPE VIDTRKDNSN ...

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal enzyme in the respiratory chains of mitochondria and many bacteria where it translocates protons across a membrane thereby maintaining an electrochemical proton gradient. Results from earlier studies on detergent-solubilized cytochrome c oxidase have shown that individual reaction steps associated with proton pumping display pH-dependent kinetics. Here, we investigated the effect of pH on the kinetics of these reaction steps with membrane-reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase such that the pH was adjusted to different values on the inside and outside of the membrane. The results show that the pH on the inside of the membrane fully determines the kinetics of internal electron transfers that are linked to proton pumping. Thus, even though proton release is rate limiting for these reaction steps (Salomonsson et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 17624), the transition kinetics is insensitive to the outside pH (in the range 6-9.5).. ...

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

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Introduction: The PCR-based analysis of homologous genes has become one of the most powerful approaches for species detection and identification, particularly with the recent availability of Next Generation Sequencing platforms (NGS) making it possible to identify species composition from a broad range of environmental samples. Identifying species from these samples relies on the ability to match sequences with reference barcodes for taxonomic identification. Unfortunately, most studies of environmental samples have targeted ribosomal markers, despite the fact that the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I gene (COI) is by far the most widely available sequence region in public reference libraries. This is largely because the available versatile (universal) COI primers target the 658 barcoding region, whose size is considered too large for many NGS applications. Moreover, traditional barcoding primers are known to be poorly conserved across some taxonomic groups. Results: We first ...

Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...

Four Donax species, D. semistriatus, D. trunculus, D. variegatus and D. vittatus, are found on European coasts. Nevertheless, despite their economic importance there is not a reliable method to differ

Aerobic organisms derive energy needed to sustain life from foodstuffs through the process of cellular respiration. Respiration is performed by a series of soluble and multi-subunit membrane proteins that form the electron-transport chain, found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the cytoplasmic membrane of aerobic prokaryotes. Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal member of this respiratory chain, catalyzes the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water and uses the free energy of this reaction to translocates protons across the membrane. The oxidase accomplishes oxygen reduction by drawing electron and protons from the opposite sides of the membrane and transfers the pumped protons against the membrane potential through very specific routes within the enzyme. Several years of research have thrown some light on the electron and the proton-input pathways, catalytic cycle intermediates and the timing of the proton-pumping steps. However, the coupling of the oxygen chemistry to ...

Thousand Island Lake (TIL) is a typical fragmented landscape and an ideal model to study ecological effects of fragmentation. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of 23 island populations of Dendrolimus punctatus in TIL were sequenced, 141 haplotypes being identified. The number of haplotypes increased significantly with the increase in island area and shape index, whereas no significant correlation was detected between three island attributes (area, shape and isolation) and haplotype diversity. However, the correlation with number of haplotypes was no longer significant when the outlier island JSD (the largest island) was not included. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. Geographic isolation did not obstruct the gene flow among D. punctatus populations, which might be because of the high dispersal capacity of this pine moth. Fragmentation resulted in the conversion of large and continuous ...

The organization of cells in different compartments demands specific mechanisms to supply each organelle with its proper subset of proteins. While it is already known that presequences in precursor proteins contain the information which guides these proteins to their correct organelle, very little is known about the mechanism of the transmembrane movement of proteins. We have studied the mechanism of protein transport into mitochondria using an artificial mitochondrial precursor protein containing the cytosolic enzyme mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) fused to the presequence of yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (coxIV). This precursor (coxIV-DHFR) can be imported into mitochondria in vitro as well as in vivo [ l ] and can be purified in its native form after over-expression in Escherichiu coli [2]. This precursor was modified so that it would get stuck in the import pathway and thereby provide a tool to identify molecular components of the translocation machinery. Using the same approach, we

Drosophila melanogaster displays an age-associated increase in oxidative damage and a decrease in mitochondrial transcripts. To determine if these changes result in energy production deficiencies, we measured the electron transport system (ETS) enzyme activity, and ATP levels with age. No statistica …

Cytochrome-c-oxidase immunohistochemistry in the liver. (A) The subunit II/III lacks in most of the hepatocytes but is retained in the biliary ducts (↑). (B)

Adkins, R. M. and R. L. Honeycutt. 1994. Evolution of the primate cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene. Journal of Molecular Evolution 38:215-231.. Arnason, U., A. Gullberg, and A. Janke. 1998. Molecular timing of primate divergences as estimated by two nonprimate calibration points. Journal of Molecular Evolution 47:718-727.. Bailey, W. J., D. H. A. Fitch, D. A. Tagle, J. Czelusniak, J. L. Slightom, and M. Goodman. 1991. Molecular evolution of the PSI-eta-globin gene locus: Gibbon phylogeny and the hominoid slowdown. Molecular Biology and Evolution 8:155-184.. Barton, R. A. 2004. Binocularity and brain evolution in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101(27):10113-10115.. Bloch, J. I. and D. M. Boyer. 2002. Grasping primate origins. Science298:1606-1610.. Bloch, J. I., D. C. Fisher, P. D. Gingerich, G. F. Gunnell, E. L. Simons, and M. D. Uhen. 1997. Cladistic analysis and anthropoid origins. Science 278:2134-2135.. Fleagle, J. G. 1999. Primate Adaptation and ...

T. Zhu, S. Faulkner, T. Madaan, A. Bainbridge, D. Price, D. Thomas, E. Cady, N. Robertson, X. Golay, and I. Tachtsidis, Optimal Wavelength Combinations for Resolving in-vivo Changes of Haemoglobin and Cytochrome-c-oxidase Concentrations with NIRS, in Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper JM3A.6 ...

COX6B1 - COX6B1 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) (COX6B1), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit; has a role in assembly of respiratory supercomplexes; similar to Rcf1p, and either Rcf1p or Rcf2p is required for late-stage assembly of the Cox12p and Cox13p subunits and for cytochrome c oxidase activity; associates with the cytochrome c oxidase - cytochrome bc1 supercomplex; null mutant accumulates reactive oxygen species; member of the conserved hypoxia induced gene family; C. elegans homolog is functional in yeast ...

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the COX6C gene.[4][5] Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIc, which has 77% amino acid sequence identity with mouse COX subunit VIc. This gene is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells. A pseudogene COX6CP1 has been found on chromosomes 16p12.[5] ...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in several cellular processes as a signaling molecule and also as a source of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). NO is produced by three isoenzymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS), all present in skeletal muscle. While neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) are isoforms constitutively expressed, inducible NOS (iNOS) is mainly expressed during inflammatory responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that NO is also involved in the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway, having PGC-1α as the main signaling molecule. Increased NO synthesis has been demonstrated in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fiber and NO can also reversibly inhibit cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV of the respiratory chain). Investigation on cultured skeletal myotubes treated with NO donors, NO precursors or NOS inhibitors have also showed a bimodal effect of NO that depends on the concentration used. The present review will discuss the new insights on NO roles on mitochondrial biogenesis and

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src, whose combined overexpression occurs in some breast cancers, cooperate to promote transformed characteristics when overexpressed in fibroblasts. Their synergistic interaction, which depends on c-Src phosphorylation of EGFR tyrosine 845 (pY845), is independent of EGFR kinase activity and of its activation of the mitogen-associated protein kinase signaling pathway. Boerner et al. screened a phage display library with a peptide corresponding to the region of EGFR that contains pY845 and identified cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (CoxII) as a binding partner. In mouse fibroblasts overexpressing EGFR and c-Src and in a breast cancer cell line that overexpresses both EGFR and c-Src, CoxII coimmunoprecipitated with EGFR. Coimmunoprecipitation, which was enhanced by EGF treatment, did not occur with overexpression of a catalytically inactive c-Src mutant or when Y845 was replaced by phenylalanine (Y845F-EGFR). The authors ...

TY - JOUR AU - Mitrović, Milana AU - Petrović, Anđeljko AU - Kavallieratos, Nickolas G. AU - Stary, Petr AU - Petrović-Obradović, Olivera AU - Tomanović, Željko AU - Vorburger, Christoph PY - 2013 UR - http://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/297 AB - Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) is an aphidiine parasitoid originally introduced to Europe as a biological control agent of citrus aphids in the Mediterranean. It has rapidly become widespread in coastal areas continuing gradually to expand inland. L. testaceipes exploited a large number of aphids in Europe, including new hosts and significantly changed the relative abundance of the native parasitoids. This behavior may reflect a broad oligophagy of the introduced parasitoid or it may require the evolution of host specialization that results in genetically differentiated subpopulations on different hosts. To address this issue we used the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and seven microsatellite loci to analyze the ...

The sequence datasets for 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes-ATP synthase subunit 6 (A6) and 8 (A8); Cytochrome oxidase subunits I (CO1), II (CO2), and III (CO3); Cytochrome b apoenzyme (Cytb); NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 to 4 (ND1 to ND4), 4 L (ND4L), 5 (ND5), and 6 (ND6)-and 2 ribosomal RNA-coding mitochondrial genes-large (lrRNA) and small (srRNA) ribosomal subunit RNA-were prepared using BLAST with reference datasets prepared from RefSeq mitochondrial genome datasets (downloaded on Feb 21, 2018) to perform the gene classification as described below (flowchart in SI Appendix, Fig. S6). (Because various gene names have been used to specify a single gene in GenBank, one cannot simply use the annotated gene names to classify the sequences to the genes.). First, the BLAST NT FASTA file was downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information server (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/blast/db/FASTA) on February 21, 2018. Next, mitochondria-related gene sequences were extracted from the ...

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1 or MTCO1) is 1 of 3 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MTCO1, MTCO2, MTCO3) of respiratory Complex IV.…

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1- 3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper A center of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme A3 and copper B (551 aa ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Action of bovine serum albumin on cytochrome c oxidase activity and proton pumping. T2 - A role for fatty acids in enzyme function?. AU - Sharpe, Martyn. AU - Perin, Ivano. AU - Nicholls, Peter. PY - 1996/8/5. Y1 - 1996/8/5. N2 - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) at micromolar concentrations causes a red shift of the Sorer band of bovine cytochrome c oxidase with a slow biphasic time course. It also inhibits the turnover of detergent-isolated enzyme in a similarly slow manner; the progress of this inhibition is halted by palmitate and other fatty acids. The inhibitory bovine serum albumin effect may involve fatty acid depletion from the enzyme. Respiration by cytochrome c oxidase vesicles (proteoliposomes) in the presence of ionophores (uncontrolled) shows only a small inhibition by BSA but preincubation of such vesicles with BSA induces a loss of proton pumping activity. After incubation of BSA-depleted proteoliposomes in the presence of reductant with combinations of fatty acids, ...

ID COX1_OCTVU Reviewed; 209 AA. AC Q9G6J1; DT 19-JUL-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAR-2001, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 74. DE RecName: Full=Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; DE EC=1.9.3.1; DE AltName: Full=Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide I; DE Flags: Fragment; GN Name=COI; OS Octopus vulgaris (Common octopus). OG Mitochondrion. OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Lophotrochozoa; Mollusca; Cephalopoda; Coleoidea; OC Neocoleoidea; Octopodiformes; Octopoda; Incirrata; Octopodidae; OC Octopus. OX NCBI_TaxID=6645; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RA Minakata H., Iwakoshi E., Takuwa K.; RT Octopus vulgaris mRNA for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.; RL Submitted (DEC-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. CC -!- FUNCTION: Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory CC chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1- CC 3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the CC catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons ...

Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial gene coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit III is specifically activated at the level of translation by at least three nuclear genes, PET122, PET494 and PET54. We have shown previously that carboxy-terminal deletions of PET122 are allele-specifically suppressed by mutations in an unlinked nuclear gene, termed PET123, that encodes a small subunit ribosomal protein. Here we describe additional pet122 suppressors generated by mutations in a second gene which we show to be the previously identified nuclear gene MRP1. Like PET123, MRP1 encodes a component of the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes. Our mrp1 mutations are allele-specific suppressors of carboxyl-terminal truncations of the PET122 protein and do not bypass the requirement for residual function of PET122. None of our mrp1 mutations has an intrinsic phenotype in an otherwise wild-type background. However, some of the mrp1 mutations cause a non-conditional respiratory-defective ...

Cytochrome cbb(3) oxidase, a member of the heme-copper oxidase superfamily, is characterized by its high affinity for oxygen while retaining the ability to pump protons. These attributes are central to its proposed role in the microaerobic metabolism of proteobacteria. We have completed the first detailed spectroscopic characterization of a cytochrome cbb(3) oxidase, the enzyme purified from Pseudomonas stutzeri. A combination of UV-visible and magnetic CD spectroscopies clearly identified four low-spin hemes and the high-spin heme of the active site. This heme complement is in good agreement with our analysis of the primary sequence of the ccoNOPQ operon and biochemical analysis of the complex. Near-IR magnetic CD spectroscopy revealed the unexpected presence of a low-spin bishistidine-coordinated c-type heme in the complex. This was shown to be one of two c-type hemes in the CcoP subunit by separately expressing the subunit in Escherichia coli. Separate expression of CcoP also allowed us to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Taxonomic and systematic assessment of planktonic copepods using mitochondrial COI sequence variation and competitive, species-specific PCR. AU - Bucklin, A.. AU - Guarnieri, M.. AU - Hill, R. S.. AU - Bentley, A. M.. AU - Kaartvedt, Stein. PY - 1999/5/1. Y1 - 1999/5/1. N2 - Accurate taxonomic identification of species at all life stages is critical to understand and predict the processes that together determine marine community dynamics. However, zooplankton assemblages may include numerous sibling and congeneric species distinguished by subtle morphological characteristics. Molecular systematic databases, including DNA sequences of homologous gene regions for selected taxonomic groups, allow the design of rapid protocols to determine species diversity and identify individuals. In this study, the DNA sequence of a 300 base-pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was determined for eight species of three genera of calanoid copepods: Calanus finmarchicus, ...

A history of Pleistocene population expansion has been inferred from the frequency spectrum of polymorphism in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of many human populations. Similar patterns are not typically observed for autosomal and X-linked loci. One explanation for this discrepancy is a recent population bottleneck, with different rates of recovery for haploid and autosomal loci as a result of their different effective population sizes. This hypothesis predicts that mitochondrial and Y chromosomal DNA will show a similar skew in the frequency spectrum in populations that have experienced a recent increase in effective population size. We test this hypothesis by re-sequencing 6.6 kb of non-coding Y chromosomal DNA and 780 basepairs of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COIII) gene in 172 males from five African populations. Four tests of population expansion are employed for each locus in each population: Fus Fs statistic, the R2 statistic, coalescent simulations and the mismatch ...

Background: Models of the maintenance of sex predict that one reproductive strategy, sexual or parthenogenetic, should outcompete the other. Distribution patterns may reflect the outcome of this competition as well as the effect of chance and historical events. We review the distribution data of sexual and parthenogenetic biotypes of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Results: S. polychroa lives in allopatry or sympatry across Europe except for Central and North-Western Europe, where sexual individuals have never been reported. A phylogenetic relationship between 36 populations based on a 385 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed that haplotypes were often similar over large geographic distances. In North Italian lakes, however, diversity was extreme, with sequence differences of up to 5% within the same lake in both sexuals and parthenogens. Mixed populations showed endemic parthenogenetic lineages that presumably originated from coexisting sexuals, and distantly ...

Systemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in neurodegeneration in Parkinsons disease (PD). Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking may link inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, circulating small EVs (sEVs) from 16 older adults with PD and 12 non-PD controls were purified and characterized. A panel of serum inflammatory biomolecules was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Protein levels of three tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81) and selected mitochondrial markers (adenosine triphosphate 5A (ATP5A), mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (MTCOI), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH):ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 (NDUFB8), NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S3 (NDUFS3), succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B (SDHB), and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2)) were quantified in purified sEVs by immunoblotting. Relative to controls, PD participants showed a greater amount of ...

The duognathous haemadipsid leeches of the genus Chtonobdella show a trans-oceanic distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Although passive long-distance dispersal (LDD) of Chtonobdella leeches by birds has been suggested, little is known about the host-parasite relationships between avian hosts and Chtonobdella leeches. In the current study, we investigated Chtonobdella leech infestations of the eyes and other mucus membranes of migratory procellariiform seabirds, Pterodroma hypoleuca and Oceanodroma tristrami, captured at six locations in the Bonin Islands, Honshu and Okinawa Island, Japan. Analyses of the partial sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and morphological examination of the specimens demonstrated that the Chtonobdella leeches belonged to Chtonobdella palmyrae, which is indigenous to Palmyra Atoll in the Northern Line Islands. A dominant COI sequence type was observed in samples from all six sites; therefore, C. palmyrae ...

We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences of species of Japanese elmids (23 species from 12 genera) and examined the hind-wings of 24 species in order...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mitochondrial function and Alzheimers disease. AU - Ojaimi, Joseline. AU - Byrne, E. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - The brain is highly dependent on aerobic metabolism. Normal mitochondrial function is therefore likely to play a critical role in neuronal function and integrity. Defects in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OXPHOS) have been demonstrated in aging human tissue including brain. It is not clear whether underlying mitochondrial DNA mutations are responsible for the observed functional defects. The previously reported OXPHOS defects, in particular reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity, in Alzheimer s disease (AD) are not likely to be due to specific enzyme dysfunction. The falloff in cytochrome c oxidase activity in AD brains is more likely to be related to a global decline in mitochondrial activity manifested by downregulation in mitochondrial number. It is not definitely established where the observed mitochondrial changes are placed in the AD cascade. ...

No sensitive functional index is currently available to assess Cu status in healthy human populations. This study evaluated the effect of Cu supplementation on putative indices of Cu status in twelve women and twelve men, aged between 22 and 45 years, who participated in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover study. The study consisted of three 6-week supplementation regimens of 3 mg CuSO4, 3 mg Cu-glycine chelate and 6 mg Cu-glycine chelate, each separated by placebo periods of equal length. Women had significantly higher caeruloplasmin oxidase activity (P , 0·001), caeruloplasmin protein concentration (P , 0·05), and serum diamine oxidase activity (P , 0·01) at baseline than men. Erythrocyte and leucocyte superoxide dismutase activity, leucocyte cytochrome c oxidase activity, and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity did not respond to Cu supplementation. Platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity was significantly higher (P , 0·01), after supplementation with 6 mg Cu-glycine ...

HOW DOES CYANIDE AFFECT RESPIRATION? During WWII prisoners in Nazi concentration camps were killed in gas chambers using Cyclon B. This gas contained CYANIDE, an noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Cyanide binds to the iron cofactor in this complex and prevents the passing of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. EXPLAIN WHY THIS WOULD KILL SOMEONE. PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIM.

Mouse monoclonal Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4, mitochondrial antibody [1A12A12] validated for WB. Referenced in 10 publications. Immunogen corresponding to…

Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the COX7A2 gene. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 2 (liver isoform) of subunit VIIa and the polypeptide 2 is present in both muscle and nonmuscle tissues. In addition to polypeptide 2, subunit VIIa includes polypeptide 1 (muscle isoform), which is present only in muscle tissues, and a related protein, present in all tissues. This gene may have several pseudogenes. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112695 - Ensembl, May ...

Irradiation with light wavelengths from the far red (FR) to the near infrared (NIR) spectrum (600 nm -1000 nm) has been shown to have beneficial effects in several disease models. In this study, we aim to examine whether 670 nm red light pretreatment can provide protection against hyperoxia-induced damage in the C57BL/6J mouse retina. Adult mice (90-110 days) were pretreated with 9 J/cm2 of 670 nm light once daily for 5 consecutive days prior to being placed in hyperoxic environment (75% oxygen). Control groups were exposed to hyperoxia, but received no 670 nm light pretreatment. Retinas were collected after 0, 3, 7, 10 or 14 days of hyperoxia exposure (n = 12/group) and prepared either for histological analysis, or RNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Photoreceptor damage and loss were quantified by counting photoreceptors undergoing cell death and measuring photoreceptor layer thickness. Localization of acrolein, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va (Cox Va) were identified

The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the human mitochondria (mtDNA) is estimated to be older than that of the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). Surveys of variation in globally distributed humans typically result in mtDNA TMRCA values just under 200 thousand years (kya) while those for the NRY range between 46 and 110 kya. A favored hypothesis for this finding is that natural selection has acted on the NRY leading to a recent selective sweep. An alternate hypothesis is that sexbiased demographic processes are responsible. Here we re-examine the disparity between NRY and mtDNA TMRCAs using data collected from individual human populations--a sampling strategy that minimizes the confounding influence of population subdivision in global datasets. We survey variation at 782 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 gene as well as at 26.5 kb of non-coding DNA from the NRY in a sample of 25 Khoisan, 24 Mongolians, and 24 Papua New Guineans. Data from ...

In mitochondria and aerobic bacteria energy conservation involves electron transfer through the membrane-bound protein of the respiratory chain to oxygen. Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Part of the energy released in this reaction is used to pump protons across the membrane. The protons that are pumped, and those needed for reduction to water, are taken from the inside of the membrane. This helps to maintain an electrochemical potential over the membrane, which is necessary for the survival of the cell and is used for example to produce ATP.. This work has been focused on the proton, electron and oxygen transfer in CcO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Results presented here show that there is a need for a specific O2-channel, due to structural rigidity of the area close to the catalytic site. In other parts of the enzyme regions that undergo redox-dependent structural changes were identified, and we proposed areas involved in controlling proton pumping and in ...

BackgroundAdaptive evolutionary episodes in core metabolic proteins are uncommon, and are even more rarely linked to major macroevolutionary shifts.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted extensive molecular evolutionary analyses on snake mitochondrial proteins and discovered multiple lines of evidence suggesting that the proteins at the core of aerobic metabolism in snakes have undergone remarkably large episodic bursts of adaptive change. We show that snake mitochondrial proteins experienced unprecedented levels of positive selection, coevolution, convergence, and reversion at functionally critical residues. We examined Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) in detail, and show that it experienced extensive modification of normally conserved residues involved in proton transport and delivery of electrons and oxygen. Thus, adaptive changes likely altered the flow of protons and other aspects of function in CO, thereby influencing fundamental characteristics of aerobic metabolism. We refer to these

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Cyanide is toxic to most living organisms. The toxicity of cyanide derives from its ability to inhibit the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase of the electronic transport chain. Despite its high toxicity, several industrial processes rely on the use of cyanide, and considerable amounts of industrial waste must be adequately treated before discharge. Biological treatments for the decontamination of cyanide waste include the use of microorganisms and enzymes. Regarding the use of enzymes, cyanide dihydratase (CynD), which catalyzes the conversion of cyanide into ammonia and formate, is an attractive candidate. Nevertheless, the main impediment to the effective use of this enzyme for the biodegradation of cyanide is the marked intolerance to the alkaline pH at which cyanide waste is kept. In this work, we explore the operational capabilities of whole E. coli cells overexpressing Bacillus pumilus CynD immobilized in three organic polymer matrices: chitosan, polyacrylamide, and agar. Remarkably, the ...

Metabarcoding is an emerging genetic tool to rapidly assess biodiversity in ecosystems. It involves high-throughput sequencing of a standard gene from an environmental sample and comparison to a reference database. However, no consensus has emerged regarding laboratory pipelines to screen species diversity and infer species abundances from environmental samples. In particular, the effect of primer bias and the detection limit for specimens with a low biomass has not been systematically examined, when processing samples in bulk. We developed and tested a DNA metabarcoding protocol that utilises the standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding fragment to detect freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa. DNA was extracted in bulk, amplified in a single PCR step, and purified, and the libraries were directly sequenced in two independent MiSeq runs (300-bp paired-end reads). Specifically, we assessed the influence of specimen biomass on sequence read abundance by sequencing 31 specimens of a stonefly

You can access my entry in SCOPUS, or run a search for my current articles in PubMed (2 articles are not indexed in PubMed).. Winborn J, Haines D, Kerrigan S, In vitro metabolism of desomorphine., Forensic Science International, 289, pp. 140-149, 2018.. Davydov DR, Ponomarev GV, Bobrovnikova-Marjon E, Haines DC, Peterson JA, Aluminum-substituted heme domain of P450BM-3 (BMP): Introducing a heme-derived fluorescent probe for studies of substrate binding and protein-protein interactions in cytochromes P450., Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 60, 1, pp. 41-51, 2013.. Marziaz ML, Frazier K, Guidry PB, Ruiz RA, Petrikovics I, Haines DC, Comparison of brain mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity with cyanide LD(50) yields insight into the efficacy of prophylactics., Journal of Applied Toxicology, 33, 1, pp. 50-5, 2013.. De Matteis F, Ballou DP, Coon MJ, Estabrook RW, Haines DC, Peroxidase-like activity of uncoupled cytochrome P450: studies with bilirubin and toxicological ...

For the experts: Although several studies are devoted to determining the diversity of Antarctic heterobranch sea slugs, new species are still being discovered. Among nudibranchs, Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907 is the single species of this genus described from Antarctica hitherto, the type locality being the Ross Sea. Doto antarctica was described mainly using external features. During our Antarctic research on marine benthic invertebrates, we found D. antarctica in the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island, suggesting a circumpolar distribution. Species affiliation is herein supported by molecular analyses using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone H3 markers. We redescribe D. antarctica using histology, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and 3D-reconstruction of the internal organs. Moreover, we describe a new, sympatric species, namely D. carinova Moles, Avila & Wägele n. sp., and provide an anatomical comparison between the two Antarctic Doto species. Egg masses in both species are ...

SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 1i6e.1. SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN OF PARACOCCUS DENITRIFICANS CYTOCHROME C552 IN THE OXIDIZED STATE

Cytochrome P450s (cyt.P450s) are a class of hemoprotein enzymes found in a wide variety of organisms, where they play an important role in endogenous metabolism and the metabolism of xenobiotic...

Cytochrome c, or Cyt c, is a small heme protein and a component of the oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain. The heme group of cytochrome c accepts electrons from the Cytochrome b-c1 complex (Complex III) and transfers electrons to the Cytochrome oxidase complex (Complex IV). Cyt c is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction, but does not bind oxygen. Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein across the spectrum of species, found in plants, animals, and many unicellular organisms. This, along with its small size (molecular weight about 12,000 daltons), makes it useful in studies of cladistics. Its primary structure consists of a chain of about 100 amino acids. (Wikipedia ...

COX16 - COX16 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human COX16 cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae) (COX16), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Many nucleoside analogue antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs) impair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication leading to reversible mtDNA depletion. It is unknown whether these drugs additionally cause mtDNA mutation. We recruited 35 HIV infected persons aged 50 years and under. Subjects were stratified by lifetime NRTI exposure. Skeletal muscle biopsies were subjected to COX (cytochrome-c oxidase) histochemistry, and individual fibres were laser captured for molecular analyses. Untreated patients showed negligible COX defects (mean 0.1%, SD 0.1%). Heavily NRTI-treated patients showed high level COX defects (mean 3.0%, SD 3.4%, maximum 9.8%). Difference between groups was statistically significant (p=0.002). Molecular analysis of individual COX-deficient fibres from treated subjects showed that the majority contained high proportional levels of mtDNA large-scale deletion mutations (41/70 fibres, 59%). Deleted species comprised a variety of mutations, each clonal within an individual fibre. No deleted mtDNA ...

For this tutorial, I will be using a CentOS cloud server from DigitalOcean By the way, if youve never heard of DigitalOcean, I strongly advise you have a look at them. Subramani); mouse anti-maize О-ATPase antibodies in hybridoma medium ( 49 ); rabbit anti-cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (CoxII) IgGs ( 50 ); rabbit anti-p36 IgGs raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an amino acid sequence either in the C terminus of p36 (residues 218 to 237 4 or the intervening loop residues 147 to 160) of p36 (Cedarlane Laboratories); goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 IgGs (Molecular Probes); and goat anti-rabbit rhodamine red-X IgGs (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories). You will experience high performance with scalability, 100 uptime restart apache server windows faster page loads than any of the normal hosting services. Samples were then washed in acetate buffer (3 Г- 5 min) and processed for electron microscopy as described above. Both InVivoDental 5. Following a ...

The precursor proteins to the subunits of ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase (cytochrome bc1 complex) of Neurospora crassa were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate. These precursors were immunoprecipitated with antibodies prepared against the individual subunits and compared to the mature subunits immunoprecipitated or isolated from mitochondria. Most subunits were synthesized as precursors with larger apparent molecular weights (subunits I, 51,500 versus 50,000; subunit II, 47,500 versus 45,000; subunit IV (cytochrome c1), 38,000 versus 31,000; subunit V (Fe-S protein), 28,000 versus 25,000; subunit VII, 12,000 versus 11,500; subunit VIII, 11,600 versus 11,200). Subunit VI (14,000) was synthesized with the same apparent molecular weight. The post-translational transfer of subunits I, IV, V, and VII was studied in an in vitro system employing reticulocyte lysate and isolated mitochondria. The transfer and proteolytic processing of these precursors was found to be dependent on the mitochondrial ...

Complete information for COX5BP4 gene (Pseudogene), Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 5B Pseudogene 4, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Complete information for COX7CP1 gene (Pseudogene), Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 7C Pseudogene 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Conclusions:* Dosage compensation of X-chromosomal genes can explain the stronger phenotype in male flies. This is true particularly in the case of elav(X)-GAL4. The stronger phenotype in COX IV-KD flies reflects the role of subunit IV in early stages of COX biogenesis. Therefore COX IVKD is expected to lead to more severe COX dysfunction than COX Vb-KD, which is used in later stage of COX synthesis. AOX was able to fully or partially rescue deleterious phenotypes, which is attributable to its ability to restore proton flow through complex I of the respiratory chain. Thus, ATP production is restored to a level that allows vital cellular functions to operate. Ndi1 expression seems to have the opposite effect. Therefore the level of ATP is expected to be further decreased. This and previous studies show that AOX has true potential to be a therapeutic agent for OXPHOS dysfunction ...

COXIV antibody Rabbit Polyclonal from Proteintech validated in Western Blot (WB), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Flow Cytometry (FC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) applications. This antibody reacts with human, mouse, rat samples. Cat.No. 11242-1-AP.

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Effect: The variants effect on the proteins function, in the format R/C where R is the value reported by the source and C is the value concluded by the curator; + indicating the variant affects function, +? probably affects function, +* affects function, not associated with individuals disease phenotype, # affects function, not associated with any known disease phenotype, - does not affect function, -? probably does not affect function, ? effect unknown, . effect not classified ...

COX IV Isoform 2 Antibody - read details of Novus Biologicals, LLC antibodies in the SelectScience.net Antibody products and suppliers directory

PHATRDRAFT_42866 : oxa12_schpo inner membrane protein oxa1-mitochondrial precursor (cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein 1-2) (60KD_IMP ...

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The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

After graduation in May 1954, Jim and Joan moved to Bethesda, MD, onto his first position with Bert LaDu at the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology/Heart and Lung Institute at the NIH, where the grandfather of Pharmacology, B.B. Brodie, was chief. Jim flourished in this great environment among gifted colleagues. His studies on Cytochrome P450 were seminal and rose to the ranks to succeed Dr. B.B. Brodie as chief of the Laboratory in 1972. He had a prolific career and published around 300 papers and chapters and coeditied seven books and was a self-taught mathematician, relating biological events with mathematics. His visions in the fields of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics had earned him numerous honors and awards: the D.Sc. from Cornell College, the Troy Daniel lectureship at UCSF in 1976, the B.B. Brodie Award in 1978, as well as honorary memberships from the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ISSX. Jim Gillette worked most of his career at the National Institutes of Health. He had ...