Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Sensory ataxia and muscle spindle agenesis in mice lacking the transcription factor Egr3. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Mager, G.M., Ward, R.M., Jang, S.W., Wrabetz, L., and Svaren, J. (2008) Active gene repression by the Egr2.NAB complex during peripheral nerve myelination, Journal of Biological Chemistry 283(26): 18187-97.. Jones, E., Jang, S.W., Mager, G.M., Chang, L., Srinivasan, R., Gokey, N., Ward, R.M., Nagarajan, R., and Svaren, J.P. (2007) Interactions of Sox10 and Egr2 in Myelin Gene Regulation, Neuron Glia Biology 3(4): 377-387.. Mager, G.M.*, Srinivasan, R.*, Ward, R.M., Mayer, J., and Svaren, J. (2006) Nab2 represses transcription by interacting with the CHD4 subunit of the NuRD complex, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281(22): 15129-37.. LeBlanc, S.E., Srinivasan, R., Ferri, C., Mager, G.M., Gillian-Daniel, A.L., Wrabetz, L., and Svaren, J. (2005) Regulation of lipid/cholesterol biosynthetic genes by Egr2/Krox-20 and the SREBP pathway during peripheral nerve myelination, Journal of Neurochemistry, 93:737-748.. Reber, KM, Mager, G.M., Miller, C.E., and Nowicki, P.T. (2001) Relationship between flow ...

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This study characterised the effects of persistent peripheral inflammation of the foot on pain and spinal cord expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) and early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1), known markers of neuronal plasticity, in a clinical model of naturally-occurring inflammatory disease and hyperalgesia in sheep (footrot), before and after routine treatment (parenteral treatment with antibiotics and antiseptic footbathing). The temporal pattern of expression of COX-1, COX-2 and Egr-1 mRNA and protein were analysed using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Animals affected with persistent peripheral inflammation displayed significant hyperalgesia and lameness (a proxy indicator of spontaneous pain) restricted to the inflamed limb. Hyperalgesia and lameness were significantly attenuated 1 day after treatment, and resolved further by day 7 and day 3, respectively. COX-2 but not COX-1, protein expression was up-regulated in spinal cord from lame animals on day 0, before treatment.

During neurogenesis, a large variety of different neuronal cell types are generated in a defined spatial organisation that provides the basis for the functioning of the adult nervous system. Owing to its well-characterised structure and the identification of molecular markers and regulatory genes, the hindbrain has been used as a model system for studying molecular mechanisms that control pattern formation in the central nervous system. Crucial to patterning of this brain region is an early transient subdivision of the neural tube into repeated morphological units, termed rhombomeres (r). Rhombomeres act as compartments in which the movement of cells across rhombomere boundaries is restricted (Fraser et al., 1990). This restriction of cell movements enables rhombomeres to maintain a distinct identity conferred by regulatory genes with rhombomere-specific expression patterns (reviewed by Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996). Hindbrain segmentation plays an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis ...

EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1), Authors: Reeti Bandyopadhyay, Véronique Baron. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.

1. Mechanisms underlying dopamine neuron development, function, diversity, and degeneration. 2. Mechanisms regulating peripheral nerve myelination in development and disease states ...

The vertebrate hindbrain develops in a segmental pattern, with distinctive groups of neurons originating from different segments. We report here that members of the Hox-2 cluster of murine homoeobox genes are expressed in segment-specific patterns in the developing hindbrain, with successive genes h …

We observed different responses of Schwann cells to the three ligands of RTKs, neuregulin, PDGF, and IGF-I. Despite the important function of neuregulin in early Schwann cell development, it negatively regulates the expression of promyelinating Schwann cell markers. PDGF also had negative effects, whereas IGF-I exhibited positive effects. The similar divergent responses to growth factors have been described in other types of cells, such as pheochromocytoma 12 cells, a model for sympathetic neuronal differentiation, which extend neurites when they are treated by NGF but not by EGF (Marshall, 1995; Miura et al., 2000). The C2C12 myoblast cell line likewise forms myotubes in the presence of IGF-I, but fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) fails to induce differentiation (Tortorella et al., 2001).. It is now established that Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk and PI3K-Akt pathways are major downstream signaling pathways of RTKs. Although all three of the growth factors (neuregulin, PDGF, and IGF-I) activate these two ...

Complete information for EGR1 gene (Protein Coding), Early Growth Response 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Early Growth Response Protein 1: An early growth response transcription factor that has been implicated in regulation of CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS.

Regulation of Schwann cell myelination and dedifferentiation. (A) Schwann cell differentiation is regulated by expression of specific transcription factors. Immature Schwann cells receive axonal signals, including neuregulin 1 (NRG), which up-regulate expression of transcription factors including NFκB, Oct-6, and Brn2. These transcription factors promote the promyelinating stage, in which Schwann cells acquire a one/one association with the axon and express early myelin markers. Up-regulation of Krox-20 is required for Schwann cells to form myelin sheaths and express myelin-specific proteins. (In the mature nerve, other Schwann cells that do not express these promyelinating transcription factors remain unmyelinated and segregate off multiple small axons as Remak bundles). Upon injury (i.e., axotomy), there is a rapid up-regulation of c-Jun and Sox-2. The former contributes to the down-regulation of Krox-20 and the dedifferentiation of Schwann cells. (B) Cross-inhibition of Krox-20 and c-Jun ...

Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes. Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status. Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death.

Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5-GCGGGGGCG-3 (GSG). Activates the transcription of target genes whose products are required for mitogenesis and differentiation (By similarity).

TIS21(/BTG2/PC3), orthologs of mouse, human and rat, respectively, is initially identified as one of the early growth response genes and induced by various stimulations. TIS21 belongs to antiproliferative (APRO) gene family containing the BTG-Box A (Y(50)-N(71)) and BTG-Box B (L(97)-E(115)), which are highly conserved among various species. On the other hand, it has lately been found that the expression of TIS21 is constitutive and high in thymus, lung alveolar epithelium, proximal tubule of kidney and basal cell layer of prostate acini. Potential roles of TIS21 have been suggested as transcriptional co-regulator, differentiation and antiapoptotic factor in neurogenesis, key mediator of the stage-specific expansion of thymocyte and negative regulator of hematopoietic progenitor expansion, and tumor suppressor gene in both mouse and human. In addition, as pan-cell cycle regulator TIS21 induces G1/S arrest by pRB dependently and pRB independently and G2/M arrest and cell death in the p53 null ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) regulates heparanase gene transcription in tumour cells. AU - De Mestre, Amanda. AU - Rao, Sudha. AU - Hornby, June. AU - Soe-Htwe, Thura. AU - Khachigian, Levon. AU - Hulett, Mark. PY - 2005/10/21. Y1 - 2005/10/21. N2 - Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that degrades heparan sulfate chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, a key component of extracellular matrix and basement membranes. Studies using heparanase inhibitors and gene silencing have provided evidence to support an important role for heparanase in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The expression of heparanase is normally very tightly controlled, however, it is commonly deregulated in tumor cells, which express elevated heparanase activity that correlates with high levels of heparanase mRNA. We recently identified the transcription factor early growth response gene 1, EGR1, as a key regulator of inducible heparanase transcription in T cells. In this study using chromatin ...

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1/CD54 plays an important role in T cell dependent B cell activation and for function of B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 expression is upregulated as a consequence of B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, thereby serving to render antigen-stimulated B cells more receptive to T cell-mediated costimulatory signals. We have investigated BCR-induced expression of the Icam-1 gene in primary B cells and B cell lines and have found it to be dependent on BCR-induced expression of the transcription factor EGR1. Icam-1 transcription, induced by BCR cross-linking or bypassing the BCR with phorbol ester, is absent in a B cell line in which the EGR1-encoding gene (egr-1) is methylated and not expressed. A potential EGR1-binding site was located at -701 bp upstream of the murine Icam-1 gene transcription start site and shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay to bind to murine EGR1. Mutation of this site in the context of 1.1 kb of the ...

The developing vertebrate hindbrain consists of segmental units known as rhombomeres. Hindbrain neuroectoderm expresses 3′ Hox 1 and 2 cluster genes in characteristic patterns whose anterior limit of expression coincides with rhombomere boundaries. One particular Hox gene, referred to as Ghox 2.9, is initially expressed throughout the hindbrain up to the anterior border of rhombomere 4 (r4). Later, Ghox 2.9 is strongly upregulated in r4 and Ghox 2.9 protein is found in all neuroectodermal cells of r4 and in the hyoid crest cell population derived from this rhombomere. Using a polyclonal antibody, Ghox 2.9 was immunolocalized after transplanting r4 within the hindbrain. Wherever r4 was transplanted, Ghox 2.9 expression was cell-autonomous, both in the neuroectoderm of the graft and in the hyoid crest cell population originating from the graft. In all vertebrates, rhombomeres and cranial nerves (nerves V, VII+VIII, IX, X) exhibit a stereotypic relationship: nerve V arises at the level of r2, ...

Transcriptional regulator (PubMed:20121949). Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes (By similarity). Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status (PubMed:25258363, PubMed:25999311). Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death. Activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps prevent tumor formation. Required for normal progress through mitosis and normal proliferation of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. Mediates responses to ischemia and hypoxia; regulates the expression of proteins such as IL1B and CXCL2 that are involved in inflammatory processes and development of tissue damage after ischemia. Regulates biosynthesis of luteinizing hormone (LHB) in the pituitary (By similarity ...

Our laboratory is focused on the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of myelination. Myelin is a vital constituent of the nervous system that increases the speed of action potentials, and also provides trophic support for the long axons that project from neurons. Our studies are centered on the myelin-producing cells of the peripheral nervous system, and the picture below shows a Schwann cell that has synthesized a myelin sheath around the axon to the left. We have focused on elucidating gene regulation of individual myelin genes by two major regulators of Schwann cell function: Egr2 and Sox10. Sox10 is required at virtually all phases of Schwann cell development and Egr2 is required for initation of myelination. For example, we have recently characterized enhancers within the Pmp22 gene, which is duplicated in the most common form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, classified as CMT1A. These studies are also developing novel screening assays to identify drugs that could be used for this very ...

A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Mouse EGR1 (Early Growth Response Protein 1) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

98 cl 3.0 v6 egr check engin light i replace oxygen sensor and cat and muffler and egr and the idle is still rough - Acura 1997 CL question

expression programmed MSCs toward the tendon lineage and promoted the formation of in vitro-engineered tendons from MSCs. The application of EGR1-producing MSCs increased the formation of tendon-like tissues in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. We provide evidence that the ability of EGR1 to promote tendon differentiation is partially mediated by TGF-β2. This study demonstrates EGR1 involvement in adult tendon formation, healing, and repair and identifies ...

The transcription factor SOX10 is essential for all stages of Schwann cell development including myelination. SOX10 cooperates with other transcription factors to activate the expression of key myelin genes in Schwann cells and is therefore a context-dependent, pro-myelination transcription factor. As such, the identification of genes regulated by SOX10 will provide insight into Schwann cell biology and related diseases. While genome-wide studies have successfully revealed SOX10 target genes, these efforts mainly focused on myelinating stages of Schwann cell development. We propose that less-biased approaches will reveal novel functions of SOX10 outside of myelination. We developed a stringent, computational-based screen for genome-wide identification of SOX10 response elements. Experimental validation of a pilot set of predicted binding sites in multiple systems revealed that SOX10 directly regulates a previously unreported alternative promoter at SOX6, which encodes a transcription factor that

Summary: Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) investigators report preclinical research showing that Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth by activating early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), in the July 2016 issue of PLOS One. Data also reveal that levels of KLF12 and EGR1 correlate synergistically with a poor CRC prognosis. Results indicate that KLF12 plays an important role in CRC progression and provides a potential novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target.. Results of preclinical studies by MUSC investigators reported in the July 2016 issue of PLOS One (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159899) demonstrate for the first time that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) promotes poor colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth, in part, by activating EGR1. Furthermore, data demonstrate that KLF12 and early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) levels synergistically correlate with CRC prognoses.. CRC is the third most common and third ...

Early Growth Response Transcription Factors: A family of transcription factors that are induced by GROWTH FACTORS and contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain composed of three ZINC FINGER MOTIFS.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Early organization of the vertebrate brainstem is characterized by cellular segmentation into compartments, the rhombomeres, which follow a metameric pattern of neuronal development. Expression of the homeobox genes of the Hox family precedes rhombomere formation, and analysis of mouse Hox mutations revealed that they play an important role in the establishment of rhombomere-specific neuronal patterns. However, segmentation is a transient feature, and a dramatic reconfiguration of neurons and synapses takes place during fetal and postnatal stages. Thus, it is not clear whether the early rhombomeric pattern of Hoxexpression has any influence on the establishment of the neuronal circuitry of the mature brainstem. The Hoxa1 gene is the earliest Hox gene expressed in the developing hindbrain. Moreover, it is rapidly downregulated. Previous analysis of mouseHoxa1−/− mutants has focused on early alterations of hindbrain segmentation and patterning. Here, we show that ectopic neuronal groups in the ...

Neural Crest - Schwann Cell Development,Schwann cell]],noinclude>[[Category:Template]][[Category:Term Link]][[Category:Neural Crest]][[Category:Schwann cell]][[Category:Glia]][[Category:Cell Type]],/noinclude ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Background Establishing appropriate neuronal circuitry is essential to proper function from the vertebrate nervous program. At E13.5(+1 DIV), the commissural projections shaped fascicles and crossed the midline in the handles. Enzyme treatment evidently did not influence the pioneer axons that got advanced as heavy fascicles normal towards the midline and beyond, on the contralateral VN. Projections Later, nevertheless, traversed the enzyme-treated matrix as unfasciculated fibers, deviated from the normal course crossing the midline at various angles and extending beyond the contralateral VN. This suggests that CSs also limit the course of the later projections, which otherwise would be attracted to alternative targets. Conclusions CS moieties in the early hindbrain therefore control the course and fasciculation of axonal projections and the timing of axonal arrival at the target. Background The establishment of correct neuronal circuitry is crucial for proper function of the vertebrate nervous ...

Hindbrain definition is - the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain that includes the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata, and in mammals the pons and that controls autonomic functions and equilibrium -called also rhombencephalon.

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Hindbrain development is orchestrated by a vertebrate gene regulatory network that generates segmental patterning along the anterior-posterior axis via Hox genes. Here, we review analyses of vertebrate and invertebrate chordate models that inform upon the evolutionary origin and diversification of this network. Evidence from the sea lamprey reveals that the hindbrain regulatory network generates rhombomeric compartments with segmental Hox expression and an underlying Hox code. We infer that this basal feature was present in ancestral vertebrates and, as an evolutionarily constrained developmental state, is fundamentally important for patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain across diverse lineages. Despite the common ground plan, vertebrates exhibit neuroanatomical diversity in lineage-specific patterns, with different vertebrates revealing variations of Hox expression in the hindbrain that could underlie this diversification. Invertebrate chordates lack hindbrain segmentation but exhibit some conserved

The anatomy and embryology of the facial nerve are complex. A basic understanding of developmental anatomy is necessary to comprehend and anticipate variations encountered by the surgeon.

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A method of defining a heart region from imaging data is provided. Received imaging data is projected into a first plane. A first threshold is applied to the first plane of data to eliminate data associated with air. A largest first connected component is identified from the first threshold applied data. A first center of mass of the identified largest first connected component is calculated to define a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the heart region. The received imaging data is projected into a second plane, wherein the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane. A second threshold is applied to the second plane of data to eliminate data associated with air. A largest second connected component is identified from the second threshold applied data. A second center of mass of the identified largest second connected component is calculated to define a third coordinate of the heart region.

We report an English kindred affected across 4 generations with a hereditary neuropathy associated with debilitating neuropathic pain as the main clinical feature. The principal finding on clinical examination was sensory loss, and there was variable motor dysfunction. Electrophysiological studies revealed mild features of demyelination with median conduction velocity in the intermediate range. There was an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, and genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous Trp101X mutation in exon 3 coding for a portion of the extracellular domain of myelin protein zero. This is predicted to lead to premature termination of translation. Myelin protein zero is a key structural component of compact myelin, and over 100 mutations in this protein have been reported, which can give rise to neuropathies with either axonal, demyelinating, or intermediate features encompassing a wide range of severity. Chronic pain is an increasingly recognised sequela of certain hereditary

Other researchers who were studying kidney development previously identified transcription factor KLF12 as a transcriptional repressor of the AP-2α gene. It was then discovered that AP-2α expression is also reduced in advanced CRC tumor tissue compared to matched normal tissue and that loss of AP-2α promoted CRC invasion. This connection illuminated a potential link between KLF12 and CRC. In vitro studies show that KLF12 promotes gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation and invasion, and that KLF12 levels are elevated in about 40% of poorly differentiated GCs and correlate with tumor size. Furthermore, recent genome-wide analyses find high KLF12 levels in approximately 40% of esophageal adenocarcinomas and in 45% of salivary tumors. Until now, however, the role of KLF12 in CRC remained unclear.. The MUSC research team designed a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to clarify the role of KLF12 in CRC. The first set of studies examined KLF12 expression in 7 human CRC cell lines. They found ...

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a developmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, cataracts, abnormal ossification, impaired motor development, and intellectual disability. The underlying etiology of RCDP is a deficiency in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids, of which plasmalogens are the most abundant form in nervous tissue and myelin; however, the role of plasmalogens in the peripheral nervous system is poorly defined. Here, we used mouse models of RCDP and analyzed the consequence of plasmalogen deficiency in peripheral nerves. We determined that plasmalogens are crucial for Schwann cell development and differentiation and that plasmalogen defects impaired radial sorting, myelination, and myelin structure. Plasmalogen insufficiency resulted in defective protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and subsequent signaling, causing overt activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in nerves of mutant mice. Treatment with GSK3β inhibitors, lithium, or ...

Recombinant Human Myelin Protein Zero Full length protein datasheet (ab114281). Abcam offers quality products including antibodies, assays and other reagents.

293(6). Aquaporin (AQP) 1 null mice have a defect in the renal concentrating gradient because of their inability to generate a hyperosmotic medullary interstitium. To determine the effect of vasopressin on renal medullary gene expression, in the absence of high local osmolarity, we infused 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), a V(2) receptor (V(2)R)-specific agonist, in AQP1 null mice for 7 days. cDNA microarray analysis was performed on the renal medullary tissue, and 5,140 genes of the possible 12,000 genes on the array were included in the analysis. In the renal medulla of AQP1 null mice, 245 transcripts were identified as increased by dDAVP infusion and 200 transcripts as decreased (1.5-fold or more). Quantitative real-time PCR measurements confirmed the increases seen for cyclin D1, early growth response gene 1, and activating transcription factor 3, genes associated with changes in cell cycle/growth. Changes in mRNA expression were correlated with changes in protein expression by ...

Generation of the Mouse FasL Promoter Reporter Constructs and Motifs-Directed Mutagenesis. Mouse FasL promoter cloned in pGL3 vector was a gift from Dr. Timothy L. Ratiff (University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA). The cloning of FasL promoter and generation of luciferase reporter construct in pGL3 vector have been described previously (Crist et al., 2003).. To determine the role of NF-κB in regulation of FasL promoter in the presence of TCDD, we generated three FasL promoter constructs with or without NF-κB motifs. We designated these constructs FasL231, FasL191, and FasL324 based on the size of the respective PCR-amplified fragments. The primers used to generate various fragments of mouse FasL promoter are shown in Table 1. For directional cloning, all upstream primers included SacI restriction site and downstream primers included XhoI restriction site.. The amplified PCR fragments FasL231, FasL191, and FasL324 were first cloned into the polylinker sites of Topo PCR2.1 T/A vector and then sequenced ...

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Schwann cells are an important cell source for regenerative therapy for neural disorders. We investigated the role of the transcription factor sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 10 (SOX10) in the proliferation and myelination of Schwann cells. SOX10 is predominantly expressed in rat sciatic nerve-derived Schwann cells and is induced shortly after birth. Among transcription factors known to be important for the differentiation of Schwann cells, SOX10 potently transactivates the S100B promoter. In cultures of Schwann cells, overexpressing SOX10 dramatically induces S100B expression, while knocking down SOX10 with shRNA suppresses S100B expression. Here, we identify three core response elements of SOX10 in the S100B promoter and intron 1 with a putative SOX motif. Knockdown of either SOX10 or S100B enhances the proliferation of Schwann cells. In addition, using dissociated cultures of dorsal root ganglia, we demonstrate that suppressing S100B with shRNA impairs myelination of Schwann cells. These results

Joubert Syndrome and related disorders (JSRD) are a group of autosomal recessive conditions characterized by a distinctive hindbrain malformation (the m...

In honey bees, continuous foraging is accompanied by a sustained up-regulation of the immediate early gene (early growth response protein-1) and candidate downstream genes involved in learning and memory. Here, we present a series of feeder training experiments indicating that expression is highly correlated with the time and duration of training even in the absence of the food reward. Foragers that were trained to visit a feeder over the whole day and then collected on a day without food presentation showed up-regulation over the whole day with a peak expression around 14:00. When exposed to a time-restricted feeder presentation, either 2 h in the morning or 2 h in the evening, expression in the brain was up-regulated only during the hours of training. Foragers that visited a feeder in the morning as well as in the evening showed two peaks of expression. Finally, when we prevented time-trained foragers from leaving the colony using artificial rain, expression in the brains was still slightly ...

Publishers Accepted Manuscript: Incorporation of new particle formation and early growth treatments into WRF/Chem: Model improvement, evaluation, and impacts of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia ...

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