Z-DNA-binding protein 1, also known as DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) and DLM-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBP1 gene. ZBP1 is also an abbreviation for chicken or rat β-actin zipcode-binding protein 1, a homolog of the human insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP-1) and murine CRD-BP, the proteins involved in mRNA transport (RNA-binding proteins, RBPs). DLM1 encodes a Z-DNA binding protein. Z-DNA formation is a dynamic process, largely controlled by the amount of supercoiling. ZBP1 recognizes DNA in the cytoplasm as an antiviral mechanism. Viral life cycles often include steps where DNA is exposed in the cytoplasm. DNA is normally contained in the nucleus of a cell, and therefore cells use proteins like ZBP1 as an indicator of a viral infection. Once ZBP1 is activated, it increases the production of antiviral cytokines such as interferon beta. DLM1 then binds to cytosolic Viral DNA using two Z-DNA-binding domains (Zα and Zβ) at its ...

People infected with influenza get sick not only because of the presence of virus but also because of the inflammatory immune response. Now, Kuriakose et al. report that the protein ZBP1/DAI (Z-DNA binding protein 1/DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors) senses influenza A virus (IAV) and may contribute to this inflammatory pathogenesis. They found that ZBP1/DAI triggered cell death and inflammatory responses after IAV infection, and that ZBP1/DAI deficiency protected mice from IAV-related mortality. These mice had decreased inflammation and less epithelial damage than control animals. If these findings hold true in humans, ZBP1/DAI may be a host-directed target to decrease the severity of IAV pathogenesis. ...

We are finding that in the placenta, where ADAM-12 is highly expressed, the repressor protein (Z-DNA-binding protein) is inactive. In other tissues, where ADAM-12 expression is low, the repressor is active, Alpana Ray said. What we dont know is how it actually works. We know co-factors are at work here. If we can identify the class of proteins that interact with Z-DNA repressor, it could lead to many therapeutic applications.. Because ADAM-12 is a versatile gene, it may play a role in metastasis during which cancer cells travel throughout the body and spread to other organs. We know that ADAM-12 causes cells to anchor to one another, and we know that ADAM-12 allows cancer cells to proliferate, said Alpana Ray. ...

Nucleosomal core particles containing the right- and left-handed conformations of DNA were examined for their ability to support the B→Z or Z→B

The S. cerevisiae yeast transcriptional activator SNF2/SWI2 protein enzymes consist of two alpha/beta-lobes similar to SF2 helicases exons 7 and 8 that activates homeotic genes designated BRG1 (brm/SWI2-related gene-1) (BAF) complexes locus: 19p13.2, [§§], express two homologs of the SWI2 subunit. A conserved ATP binding site residue in BRG1 display conventional chromatin-remodeling activity and genomic Left-handed Z-DNA stability (the helicase-like screw motion of DNA motor proteins of human SWI/SNF along the active site.) and enhanced the DNA strand-exchange activity, whereas transcription requires, in addition, an activation domain intergenic solitary (LTRs) long terminal repeat subunits of Pol IVb are targeted, to successfully culminate the repair, indicate a communication and compensation between Brm and Brg-1. BRCA1 can directly interact with the BRG1. BRCA1 is associated with a SWI/SNF-related complex SMARCA4 and the tumor suppressor SMARCB1 the hSNF5/INI1 gene, allowing access to ...

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Biologists were puzzled by the discovery of left-handed Z-DNA because it seemed unnecessary. Z-DNA was stabilized by the negative supercoiling generated by transcription, which indicated a transient localized conformational change. Few laboratories worked on the biology of Z-DNA. However, the discovery that certain classes of proteins bound to Z-DNA with high affinity and great specificity indicated a biological role. The most recent data show that some of these proteins participate in the pathology of poxviruses.

What is A-DNA? What is B-DNA? What is Z-DNA? How A, B and Z-DNA are Structurally Differentiated? The Comparative Study on Structure of A, B and Z forms of DNA

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Learn all about Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS). Hallermann-Streiff syndrome was first described in the medical literature in 1893. The disorder was name by Healthcare™ (Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies)

Looking for online definition of Dna, z-form in the Medical Dictionary? Dna, z-form explanation free. What is Dna, z-form? Meaning of Dna, z-form medical term. What does Dna, z-form mean?

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (proton and phosphorus-31) and ultraviolet absorption spectra of the DNA decamer d(br5CGbr5CGATbr5CGbr5CG), in which the central two adenine-thymine base pairs are out of order with the rest of the purine-pyrimidine alternation sequence, indicate that under appropriate solvent conditions (high salt and methanol) the molecule undergoes a structural transition from a right-handed B-DNA conformation to a left-handed Z-DNA conformation. Measurements of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect on the decamer indicate that all of the guanines as well as the two equivalent thymines adopt the syn conformation. ...

Inappropriate exposure to nucleic acids, which occurs during infection or tissue damage, stimulates the innate immune response both through transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and through various cytosolic receptors. These different receptors sense different classes of nucleic acid. For instance, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 sense double-stranded RNA, single-stranded and short double-stranded RNA, and hypomethylated DNA, respectively. The cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) respond to both RNA and DNA, whereas cytosolic DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) specifically respond to DNA. Yanai et al. identified high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs, a group of proteins that regulate chromatin structure and transcription) 1, 2, and 3 as the proteins most prominently recovered in a biochemical screen for DNA recognition. In vitro assays revealed that the affinity of different types of nucleic acid for HMGBs correlated with their immunogenicity. Induction of the mRNA ...

Moller, A; Gabriels, J E.; Lafer, E M.; Nordheim, A; Rich, L; and Stollar, B D., Monoclonal antibodies recognize different parts of z-dna. (1982). Subject Strain Bibliography 1982. 3711 ...

Video created by Nanjing University for the course 结构生物化学（Structural Biochemistry). 1. 掌握5种常见碱基的化学结构以及嘌呤环和嘧啶环的编号规则。2. 掌握核糖核苷酸和脱氧核苷酸的化学结构。3. 了解碱基、核苷和核苷酸的理化性质，特别是碱基的互变异构。4. 掌握DNA和RNA在结构和功能上的异同，以及其中的原因和生物学意义。5. 了解几种常见的RNA的名称和功能。6. ...

ZBP1 - Zbp1 - Mouse, 4 unique 29mer shRNA constructs in retroviral untagged vector shRNA available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Chiroptical properties of anionic and cationic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in complex with left-handed Z-DNA and right-handed B-DNA. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

We studied the effect of hydralazine, an antihypertensive drug with lupus-inducing side effects, on the conformation of poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) and a plasmid with a 23 bp insert of (dG-dC)n.(dG-dC)n sequences. Using an e.l.i.s.a. with a monoclonal anti-(Z-DNA) antibody Z22, we found that hydralazine provoked the Z-DNA conformation in poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) at 250-500 microM concentration. The supercoiled form of hydralazine-treated plasmid bound to Z22 in a gel-retardation assay. To examine further whether Z-DNA could act as an inciting agent in anti-nuclear antibody production in patients, we analysed 65 sera from 25 hypertensive patients taking hydralazine and found anti-(Z-DNA) antibodies in 82% of these sera. Sera from age-matched normal controls showed no binding to Z-DNA. Data on sera drawn sequentially from four hypertensive patients showed that antibodies were present after the drug treatment. These data demonstrate the presence of a high incidence of anti-(Z-DNA) antibodies in ...

Ivaylo gave a talk DNA sculpting as a strategy for base extrusion and damage selection by the repair glycosylase TDG at the 3rd DNA Replication/Repair Structures and Cancer Conference in Cancun Mexico.

The discovery of the B-form structure of DNA by Watson and Crick led to an explosion of research on nucleic acids in the fields of biochemistry, biophysics, and genetics. Powerful techniques were developed to reveal a myriad of different structural conformations that change B-DNA as it is transcribed, replicated, and recombined and as sister chromosomes are moved into new daughter cell compartments during cell division. This article links the original discoveries of superhelical structure and molecular topology to non-B form DNA structure and contemporary biochemical and biophysical techniques. The emphasis is on the power of plasmids for studying DNA structure and function. The conditions that trigger the formation of alternative DNA structures such as left-handed Z-DNA, inter- and intra-molecular triplexes, triple-stranded DNA, and linked catenanes and hemicatenanes are explained. The DNA dynamics and topological issues are detailed for stalled replication forks and for torsional and structural

The presence of nanomaterials during food processing has attracted significant concern due to the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. In this study, the presence and formation of nitrogen-containing fluorescence carbon dots (C-dots) in a grilled hamburger at different temperatures (220, 260, and 300 Recent HOT articles

Glucose is abundant in nature and can be found in various sources. In this study, we developed multifunctional carbon dots (CDs) with glucose and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), which were further quaternized using a facile approach. The CDs are designed to possess both anti-bacteria and gene delivery capabilities. The Chemistry for Medicine: Special Collection for RSC Advances

There are three different DNA types:A-DNA: It is a right-handed double helix similar to the B-DNA form. … B-DNA: This is the most common DNA conformation and is a right-handed helix. … Z-DNA: Z-DNA is a left-handed DNA where the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern. ...

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Acronyms and Abbreviations BIR, baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat; CARD, caspase activating and recruitment domain; CD, cluster of differentiation; cGAS, cyclic AMP/GMP synthetase; CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen; DAI, DNA-dependent activator of IRFs; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FADD, Fas-associated death domain; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IκB; inhibitor of κB; IKK, IκB kinase; IL, interleukin; IPAF, ice-protease activating factor; IPS-1, IFN-β promoter stimulator 1; IRAK, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase; IRF, interferon response factor; JAK, Janus kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LRR, leucine-rich repeat; MAL, MyD88 adaptor-like; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; MDP, muramyl dipeptide; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NACHT, a nucleotide-binding domain present in NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP-1; ...

131D: The low-temperature crystal structure of the pure-spermine form of Z-DNA reveals binding of a spermine molecule in the minor groove.

Action potential generation in excitable cells such as myocytes and neurons critically depends on voltage-gated sodium channels. In mammals, sodium channels exist as macromolecular complexes that include a pore-forming alpha subunit and 1 or more modulatory beta subunits. Although alpha subunit genes have been cloned from diverse metazoans including flies, jellyfish, and humans, beta subunits have not previously been identified in any non-mammalian species. To gain further insight into the evolution of electrical signaling in vertebrates, we investigated beta subunit genes in the teleost Danio rerio (zebrafish). We identified and cloned single zebrafish gene homologs for beta1-beta3 (zbeta1-zbeta3) and duplicate genes for beta4 (zbeta4.1, zbeta4.2). Sodium channel beta subunit loci are similarly organized in fish and mammalian genomes. Unlike their mammalian counterparts, zbeta1 and zbeta2 subunit genes display extensive alternative splicing. Zebrafish beta subunit genes and their splice variants are

A growing number of crystal and NMR structures reveals a considerable structural polymorphism of DNA architecture going well beyond the usual image of a double helical molecule. DNA is highly variable with dinucleotide steps exhibiting a substantial flexibility in a sequence-dependent manner. An analysis of the conformational space of the DNA backbone and the enhancement of our understanding of the conformational dependencies in DNA are therefore important for full comprehension of DNA structural polymorphism. A detailed classification of local DNA conformations based on the technique of Fourier averaging was published in our previous work. However, this procedure requires a considerable amount of manual work. To overcome this limitation we developed an automatic classification method consisting of the combination of supervised and unsupervised approaches. A proposed workflow is composed of k-NN method followed by a non-hierarchical single-pass clustering algorithm. We applied this workflow to analyze

Unlike quantum dots, photophysical properties of carbon dots (CDs) are not strongly correlated with particle size. The origin of CD photoluminescence has been related to sp2 domain size and the abundance of oxidized surface defects. However, direct imaging of surface-accessible spatially localized oxidized defects is still lacking. In this work, solvothermal-synthesized CDs are fractionated into different colors by polarity-based chromatography. We then study the mechanism of CD fluorescence by directly imaging individual CDs with sub-particle resolution by STM. Density of states imaging of CDs reveals that the graphitic core has a large bandgap that is inconsistent with observed fluorescence wavelength, whereas localized defects have smaller electronic gaps for both red-emitting dots (rCDs) and blue-emitting dots (bCDs). For individual bCDs within our laser tuning range we directly image optically active surface defects (ca. 1-3 nm in size) and their bandgaps, which agree with the emission ...

Page contains details about PEG-(PAH/DMMA)-coated cisplatin(IV) prodrug-loaded carbon dots . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

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Aim: Procaine-derived carbon dots, termed P-dots, expectedly offer both fluorescent biomarker function and anticancer activity. Materials & methods: P-dots were synthesized by condensing procaine, citric acid and ethylenediamine via hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cellular uptake behavior and the bioimaging performance of P-dots were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Their antitumor activity was evaluated using the CCK-8 assays and in vivo antitumor experiments, and the underlying mechanism was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting. Results: P-dots exhibited excellent luminescence properties suitable for bioimaging and considerable anticancer activity associated with caspase-3-related cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The synthesized procaine-derived carbon dots presented a dual function consisting of bioimaging and anticancer activity, which may ...

Copper ion (Cu(2+)) and L-cysteine (L-Cys) detection is critically important since an abnormal level of Cu(2+) or L-Cys is an indicator for many diseases. In this paper, we demonstrate an off-on approach for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu(2+) and L-Cys using carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent probes. CDs were prepared by using mesoporous silica (MS) spheres as nanoreactors. The binding ability of CDs towards metal ions was examined by comparing the fluorescence intensities of CDs before and after the addition of the metal ions. The addition of Cu(2+) cations leads to their absorption on the surface of CDs and the significant fluorescence quench of CDs (turn-off). The resulting in CDs-Cu(2+) system was found to be sensitive to L-Cys. The addition of L-Cys not only serves to shelter the CDs effectively from being quenched, but also to reverse the quenching and restore the fluorescence (turn-on) due to its ability to remove Cu(2+) from the surface of CDs. This method is facile, ...

Dive into the research topics of Facile approach to synthesize highly fluorescent multicolor emissive carbon dots via surface functionalization for cellular imaging. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Safe, sustainable, and green production of hydrogen peroxide is an exciting proposition due to the role of hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant and energy carrier for fuel cells. The current work reports the development of carbon dot-impregnated waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane as a heterogeneous photo-catalyst for solar-driven production of hydrogen peroxide. The results reveal that the carbon dots possess a suitable band gap of 2.98 eV, which facilitates effective splitting of both water and ethanol under solar irradiation. Inclusion of the carbon dots within the eco-friendly polymeric material ensures their catalytic activity, and also provides a facile route for easy catalyst separation, especially from a solublizing medium. The overall process was performed in accordance with the principles of green chemistry using bio-based precursors and aqueous medium. This work highlights the potential of carbon dots as an effective photo-catalyst. ...

RNA editing by deamination of adenosine to inosine is an evolutionarily conserved process involved in many cellular pathways, from alternative splicing to miRNA targeting. In humans, it is carried out by no less than three major adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): ADAR1-p150, ADAR1-p110, and ADAR2. However, the first two derive from alternative splicing, so that it is currently impossible to delete ADAR1-p110 without also knocking out ADAR1-p150 expression. Furthermore, the expression levels of ADARs varies wildly among cell types, and no study has systematically explored the effect of each of these isoforms on the cell transcriptome. In this study, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-sequencing on overexpressed ADAR isoforms tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) shows that each ADAR is associated with a specific set of differentially expressed genes, and that they each bind to distinct set of RNA targets. Our results show a good overlap with known edited transcripts, establishing RIP-seq as a

Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C-C-O and O-C-O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C-O-C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides.[5] The pKa of the alpha-hydrogens on esters is around 25.[6] Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present.[7][8] Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure. ...

Circular Dichroism, DNA, Absorption, Nickel, Z-dna, B-dna, Report, Spermine, Cadmium, Concentrations, Cytosine, Guanine, Fluorescence, Ionic Strength, Oligonucleotides, Adenine, Electronic, Light, Porphyrins, Sensitivity

The United States Mint today started accepting orders from its network of Authorized Purchasers for the first two installments of the 2011 America the Beautiful 5 Ounce Silver Bullion Coins. The coin program debuted last year with five silver bullion coins all released on December 10.. The United States Mint plans to offer this years five coins in intervals throughout the year with only the 2011 Gettysburg National Military Park Silver Bullion Coin and the 2011 Glacier National Park Silver Bullion Coin released at this time.. These two coins may currently be ordered by the Mints network of Authorized Purchasers (APs) who have been given the responsibility of selling the national park silver bullion coins to the public. The United States Mint uses this network for all of its bullion products as what is seen as the most efficient method of offering them at as close to market prices as possible. Continue reading Gettysburg and Glacier National Park Silver Bullion Coins Released →. ...

Active DNA demethylation is crucial for epigenetic control, but the underlying enzymatic mechanisms are incompletely understood. REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) is a 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) DNA glycosylase/lyase that initiates DNA demethylation in plants through a base excision repair process. The enzyme binds DNA nonspecifically and slides along the substrate in search of 5-meC. In this work, we have used homology modelling and biochemical analysis to gain insight into the mechanism of target location and recognition by ROS1. We have found that three putative helix-intercalating residues (Q607, R903 and M905) are required for processing of 5-meC:G pairs, but dispensable for excision of mismatched 5-meC. Mutant proteins Q607A, R903A and M905G retain the capacity to process an abasic site opposite G, thus suggesting that all three residues play a critical role in early steps of the base extrusion process and likely contribute to destabilization of 5-meC:G pairs. While R903 and M905 are not ...

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From the popular anime series Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai comes a figma of Dai! · Using the smooth yet posable joints of figma, you can create a variety of action-packed poses from the series. · A flexible plastic is used for important areas, allowing proportions to be kept without compromising posability. · He comes with three face plates including a confident face, a shouting face and a face with gritted teeth. · Optional parts including Dais Sword, his best friend Gome and an Avan Strash effect part. · Dais transforming scabbard can be recreated using interchangeable parts. · An articulated figma stand is included to display the figma in a variety of poses.

Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is an ubiquitous enzyme in metazoa that edits pre-mRNA changing adenosine to inosine in regions of double-stranded RNA. Zalpha, an N-terminal domain of human ADAR1 encompassing 76 amino acid residues, shows apparent specificity for the left-handed Z-DN …

According to Garvans Mahdi Zeraati[1], the first author of the new study, the i-motif is only one of several DNA structures that do not take the form of the double helix - including A-DNA, Z-DNA, triplex DNA and cross-form DNA - and that could also exist in our cells. Another type of DNA structure, called G quadruplex (G4) DNA, was first visualized in 2013 by researchers in human cells who used a constructed antibody to reveal G4 in cells.

5DNB: Structure of the B-DNA decamer C-C-A-A-C-G-T-T-G-G and comparison with isomorphous decamers C-C-A-A-G-A-T-T-G-G and C-C-A-G-G-C-C-T-G-G.

The Humans of the Wyss series features members of the Wyss community discussing how they think about their work, the influences that help shape them as…

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted great attention in a broad range of applications due to its unique optical properties, high biocompatibility and property adjustability. However, developed CDs can be rarely used as effective gene vectors up to now. In this work, a fluorine-doping strategy was provided to prepare a novel fluorine-doped CDs (F-CDs) using fluorine-containing aromatic compound as fluorine source and using branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) to furnish positive charge sites. The as-synthesized F-CDs achieves dramatic gene transfection efficiency as well as low cytotoxicity in commonly used cell lines at low weight ratio. It is worthy to point out that this F-CDs is superior efficiency and better biocompatibility compared to some widely used commercial reagents such as branched 25k Da PEI and Lipofectamine 2000. At weight ratio (transfection reagent/EGFP plasmid) of 2, the transfection efficiency of F-CDs achieves about 92% in HEK 293T cells, 85% in COS-7 cells, 81% in A549 cells, 73% in ...

(2017) Islamy Mazrad et al. RSC Advances. Here, we report novel thermo-responsive fluorescent nanoparticles of carbonized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) through two pathways, partial carbonized PNIPAAm (F-PNIPAAm) and full carbonized PNIPAAm (FNP) acid treatment. The carbonized PNIPAAm gen...

1. Structure and fundamental properties of DNA and RNA. 2. History of discovery of DNA structure. 3. Components, conformation, A-, B-, and Z-form. 4. Forces stabilizing double helix. 5. Higher organization of DNA, chromosomes, nucleosomes, chromatin. 6. Forms of t-RNA, ribosomes. 7. Interactions of DNA with ions, hydrodynamic properties, viscosity. 8. Sedimentation, diffusion, osmosis. 9. Absorption spectra, hypochromicity, thermal stability and thermodynamics of nucleic acids. 10. Thermodynamics of nucleic acids. 11. Optical anisotropy and activity, fluorescence. 12. Electric and magnetic properties of DNA and RNA. 13. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids. 14. Electrochemistry of nucleic acids. 15. Artificial DNA, expanded DNA ...

Is it known what the salt conditions are like in the nucleus? For instance, in the cytoplasm [KCl]=100mM [NaCl]=10mM.. would this be very different in the...