Background Assessment of the biodiversity of communities of small organisms is most readily done using PCR-based analysis of environmental samples consisting of mixtures of individuals. Known as metagenetics, this approach has transformed understanding of microbial communities and is beginning to be applied to metazoans as well. Unlike microbial studies, where analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence is standard, the best gene for metazoan metagenetics is less clear. In this study we designed a set of PCR primers for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequence based on 64 complete mitochondrial genomes and then tested their efficacy. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of the 64 complete mitochondrial genome sequences representing all metazoan classes available in GenBank were downloaded using the NCBI Taxonomy Browser. Alignment of sequences was performed for the excised mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences, and conserved regions were identified for all 64 mitochondrial genomes. These

Chronic wounds affect millions of people and cost billions of dollars in the United States each year. These wounds harbor polymicrobial biofilm communities, which can be difficult to elucidate using culturing methods. Clinical molecular microbiological methods are increasingly being employed to investigate the microbiota of chronic infections, including wounds, as part of standard patient care. However, molecular testing is more sensitive than culturing, which results in markedly different results being reported to clinicians. This study compares the results of aerobic culturing and molecular testing (culture-free 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing), and it examines the relative abundance score that is generated by the molecular test and the usefulness of the relative abundance score in predicting the likelihood that the same organism would be detected by culture. Parallel samples from 51 chronic wounds were studied using aerobic culturing and 16S DNA sequencing for the identification of bacteria. One hundred

Strain D-14T, a brown-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. It was able to grow at 20-40 °C, at pH 6.0-10.0 and at 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain D-14T belonged to the genus Lysobacter and was closely related to Lysobacter caeni BUT-8T (99.0 % sequence similarity), Lysobacter ruishenii CTN-1T (98.5 %), Lysobacter daejeonensis GH1-9T (98.2 %) and Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29T (97.2 %). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The polar lipid profile revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methyl-ethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain D-14T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C14 : 0, C11 : 0iso 3-OH, C15 : 1iso F and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain

The nuclear ribosomal repeats for the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S RNAs of two closely related Picea (spruce) species were characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization. Restriction polymorphisms were identified in the IGS and ITS sequences; however, no polymorphism was species specific. As many as five different rDNA repeat units were observed in individual genomes. The repeat size for these gymnosperms ranged from a minimum of 32 kbp to greater than 40 kbp, two- to threefold larger than the typical angiosperm rDNA unit. Slot-blot hybridizations were used to determine the nuclear rDNA copy concentration. Among P. rubens individuals threefold variation was observed in the rDNA copy concentration, and among P. mariana individuals such variation was as much as sixfold. At a size greater than 32 kbp and at a concentration averaging 1.2-1.3 x 10(4) copies/pg, the rDNA constitutes approximately 4% of the total genome. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between copy

Vol 63: Ribosomal DNA Sequence Heterogeneity Reflects Intraspecies Phylogenies and Predicts Genome Structure in Two Contrasting Yeast Species.. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Aruga, J., Y. S. Odaka, A. Kamiya, and H. Furuya. 2007. Dicyema Pax6 and Zic: tool-kit genes in a highly simplified bilaterian. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:201. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-201. Hanelt, B., D. VanSchyndel, C. M. Adema, L. A. Lewis, E. S. Loker. 1996. The phylogenetic position of Rhopalura ophiocomae (Orthonectida) based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13:1187-1191.. Horvath, P. 1997. Dicyemid mesozoans. Pages 31-38 in Embryology. Constructing the Organism. S. F. Gilbert and A. M. Raunio (eds.) Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.. Katayama, T., H. Wada, H. Furuya, N. Satoh, and M. Yamamoto. 1995. Phylogenetic position of the dycyemid Mesozoa inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Biological Bulletin 189:81-90.. Kobayashi, M., H. Furuya, and P. W. H. Holland. 1999. Dicyemids are higher animals. Nature 401:762.. Pawlowski, J., J. I. MontoyaBurgos, J. F. Fahrni, J. Wuest, and L. Zaninetti. 1996. Origin of the Mesozoa inferred from 18S rRNA gene ...

Vol 13: Molecular identification of clinical difficult-to-identify microbes from sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer 2.. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains a diverse collection of bacteria, most of which are unculturable by conventional microbiological methods. Increasingly molecular profiling techniques are being employed to examine this complex microbial community. The purpose of this study was to develop a microarray technique based on 16S ribosomal gene sequences for rapidly monitoring the microbial population of the GI tract. We have developed a culture-independent, semi-quantitative, rapid method for detection of gut bacterial populations based on 16S rDNA probes using a DNA microarray. We compared the performance of microarrays based on long (40- and 50-mer) and short (16-21-mer) oligonucleotides. Short oligonucleotides consistently gave higher specificity. Optimal DNA amplification and labelling, hybridisation and washing conditions were determined using a probe with an increasing number of nucleotide mismatches, identifying the minimum number of nucleotides needed to distinguish between perfect and

Ben Hanelt, D. Van Schyndel, C. M. Adema, L. A. Lewis, E. S. Loker. The Phylogenetic Position of Rhopaluva ophiocomae (Orthonectida) Based on 18s Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis. -Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1996,. 13 (9), lk 1187-1191. Veebiversioon. ...

Learn about Exubera (Insulin Human [rDNA origin]) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related medications.

Aime, M. C., P. B. Matheny, D. A. Henk, E. M. Frieders, R. H. Nilsson, M. Piepenbring, D. J. McLaughlin, L. J. Szabo, D. Begerow, J. P. Sampaio, R. Bauer, M. Wei , F. Oberwinkler, and D. S. Hibbett. 2006. An overview of the higher-level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences. Mycologia 98: 896 905.. Bauer, R., D. Begerow, J. Sampaio, M. Weiβ, F. Oberwinkler. 2006. The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis. Mycological Progress 5: 41 66.. Hibbett, D. S., M. Binder, J. F. Bischoff, M. Blackwell, P. F. Cannon, O. E. Eriksson, S. Huhndorf, T. James, P. M. Kirk, R. L cking, T. Lumbsch, F. Lutzoni, P. B. Matheny, D. J. Mclaughlin, M. J. Powell, S. Redhead, C. L. Schoch, J. W. Spatafora, J. A. Stalpers, R. Vilgalys, M. C. Aime, A. Aptroot, R. Bauer, D. Begerow, G. L. Benny, L. A. Castlebury, P. W. Crous, Y.-C. Dai, W. Gams, D. M. Geiser, G. W. Griffith, C. Gueidan, D. L. Hawksworth, G. Hestmark, K. Hosaka, R. A. Humber, K. ...

Redmond, N.E., Morrow, C.C., Thacker, R.W., Díaz, M.C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cárdenas, P., Hajdu, E., Lôbo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B.E., Pomponi, S.A., Kayal, E. & Collins, A.G. 2013. Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53(3): 388-415. DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict078 Reference page ...

Systematic hypotheses for Ulvaceae were tested using sequences for the chloroplast gene encoding the large subunit of RUBISCO (rbc L) and nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). Ulvaceae sensu Floyd and OKelly ...

Strange looking elevated amplification plots from ChIP-qPCR samples - posted in PCR, RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR: Hi everyone, I am hoping that you all can help as I am not an expert in qPCR. I performed a ChIP experiment to assess binding to human ribosomal gene repeats. I used primers that have been published in multiple papers and a positive ChIP control: UBF. I have attached the strange amplification plots that I get when doing a standard curve using a dilution series of 1:10 of...

背景：临床真菌引起的血流感染日益增加，其中念珠菌属引起的感染占真菌感染的90.0%以上，主要包括白色念珠菌（66.0%）、光滑念珠菌（11.2%）、热带念珠菌(7.6%)、近平滑念珠菌(5.6%)和克柔念珠菌(2.4%) 5种念珠菌，占临床念珠菌属感染的90.0%以上。目前，检测和鉴定念珠菌属/种血流感染主要依赖血培养和血清学试验，但固有的方法学缺陷难以满足临床快速、准确鉴定血流感染的需要。. 目的：分别建立念珠菌属和5种念珠菌（白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌）的real-time PCR快速检测平台，并对所建方法及其临床应用价值进行初步评价。. 方法：. 1.引物和探针设计：分别以上述5种念珠菌标准菌株的5.8S rRNA 基因（5.8S rDNA）序列和内转录间隔序列（ITS）作为参考序列，通过属、种间序列比对，在5.8S ...

Addgene NGS Result TTAATGATTAACCCGCCATGCTACTTATCTACGTAGCCATGCTCTAGGAAGATCCAACATATCCTGGTGT GGAGTAGGGGACGCTGCTCTGACAGAGGCTCGGGGGCCTGAGCTGGCTCTGTGAGCTGGGGAGGAGGCAG ACAGCCAGGCCTTTGTCTGCAAGCAGACCTGGCAGCATTGGGCTGGCCGCCCCCCAGGGCCTCCTCTTCA TGCCCAGTGAATGACTCACCTTGGCACAGACACAATGTTCGGGGTGGGCACAGTGCCTGCTTCCCGCCGC ACCCCAGCCCCCCTCAAATGCCTTCCGAGAAGCCCATTGAGCAGGGGGCTTGCATTGCACCCCAGCCTGA CAGCCTGGCATCTTGGGATAAAAGCAGCACAGCCCCCTAGGGGCTGCCCTTGCTGTGTGGCGCCACCGGC GGTGGAGAACAAGGCTCTATTCAGCCTGTGCCCAGGAAAGGGGATCAGGGGATGCCCAGGCATGGACAGT GGGTGGCAGGGGGGGAGAGGAGGGCTGTCTGCTTCCCAGAAGTCCAAGGACACAAATGGGTGAGGGGAGA GCTCTCCCCATAGCTGGGCTGCGGCCCAACCCCACCCCCTCAGGCTATGCCAGGGGGTGTTGCCAGGGGC ACCCGGGCATCGCCAGTCTAGCCCACTCCTTCATAAAGCCCTCGCATCCCAGGAGCGAGCAGAGCCAGAG CAGGTTGGAGAGGAGACGCATCACCTCCGCTGCTCGCGGGGATCCCGCCACCATGGAGACAGACACACTC CTGCTATGGGTACTGCTGCTCTGGGTTCCAGGTTCCACTGGTGACAGATCTGCCGCAGGCAGCACGCTGG ACAAAATCGCCAAAAACGGTGTGATTGTCGTCGGTCACCGTGAATCTTCAGTGCCTTTCTCTTATTACGA ...

Abstract: 对大连某城市污水处理厂活性污泥进行长期驯化，筛选得到好氧条件下以对氨基苯磺酸（4-aminobenzenesulphonate，4-ABS）为唯一碳源和能源生长的高效降解菌株W1.根据菌株W1的形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析，初步鉴定为Pannonibacter菌属.通过考察生长条件对降解效果的影响，确定了该菌株降解4-ABS的优化条件为：接种量10%、 30℃、 pH 7、摇床转速150 r/min，并且在有外加碳源的情况下仍保持较高的4-ABS降解活性.在4-ABS的降解过程中，4-ABS自身含有的氨基和磺酸基会以NH+4和SO2-4的形式释放到水体中，但浓度仅为理论释放量的77.6%和91.5%，推测原因是部分释放的NH+4和SO2-4被菌株W1作为氮源和硫源利用；菌株W1可以耐受2 500 mg/L的4-ABS，且在32 ...

EXERCICES THERMODYNAMIQUE SMP S1 PDF - Exercices et problèmes corrigés de thermodynamique chimique 1 «EXERCICES ET PROBLEMES CORRIGES DE THERMODYNAMIQUE CHIMIQUE» Réalisé. collections de tout

هدف: نگرانی از وجود آفلاتوکسین در مواد غذایی و خطراتی که این سم برای سلامت انسان و حیوانات دارد، باعث پیدایش راه‌های مختلف حذف یا کاهش این سم شده است؛ از جمله این روش‌ها، کنترل زیستی قارچ توسط ریززنده‌های دیگر است. در این تحقیق از باکتری باسیلوس آمیلولیکوفاسینس جدا شده از خاک باغ پسته از باغات شهرستان دامغان به‌عنوان عامل کنترل زیستی برای مهار رشد و تولید آفلاتوکسین قارچ آسپرژیلوس پارازیتیکوس استاندارد NRRL2999 استفاده شد. مواد و روش‌ها: پس از 72 ساعت کشت باکتری در دمای 30 درجه سانتی‌گراد، مایع‌رویی آن به‌عنوان منبع ترکیبات ضد قارچی جداسازی شد. غلظت‌های

A Gram-positive, motile, round to ellipsoidal, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, SF-57T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern in Korea. This organism grew between 4 and 39 °C, with optimum growth at 30 °C. Strain SF-57T grew in the presence of 0·5-15·0 % NaCl, with optimum growth at 2-3 % NaCl. The peptidoglycan type of strain SF-57T was A1α linked directly through l-Lys. In strain SF-57T, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 41·8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SF-57T formed a coherent cluster with Marinibacillus marinus, with a bootstrap resampling value of 100 %. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain SF-57T and M. marinus DSM 1297T was 98·9 %. The mean DNA-DNA relatedness level between strain SF-57T and the type strain of M. marinus was 20·6 %. Based on phenotypic properties, phylogenetic analyses and genomic

A novel Ferrimonas species is described on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Four halophilic organisms were isolated from marine sand and marine macroalgae samples by using high-pH marine agar 2216. An analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of these new isolates indicated that they were phylogenetically close (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity |99·5 %, gyrB gene sequence similarity |97·8 %), and were most closely related to Ferrimonas balearica (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity 97·1-97·3 %, gyrB gene sequence similarity 84·4-85·0 %). Chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone MK7; major fatty acids C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c) supported the affiliation of the new isolates to the genus Ferrimonas. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of the isolates from F. balearica. It is therefore proposed that the new isolates represent a novel species with the name Ferrimonas marina sp. nov. and type strain A4D-4T (

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2T, was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. The organism grew with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1 % NaCl and at 28-30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2T belonged to the genus Microbacterium . It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166T (98.4 %). Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0 %. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2T and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166T, revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9 %. The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2T was 73.3 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. The major cellular fatty acids were

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) guarantees genome integrity and proper cellular functions against UV-induced DNA damage. After UV irradiation, one of the first burden cells have to cope with is a general transcriptional block caused by the stalling of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) onto distorting UV lesions. To insure UV lesions repair specifically on transcribed genes, NER is coupled with transcription in an extremely organized pathway known as Transcription-Coupled Repair (TCR). Most of the knowledge about TCR has been gathered from RNAP2 transcription. However, in highly metabolic cells, more than 60% of total cellular transcription results from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription, by the RNA polymerase I (RNAP1), which takes place in the nucleolus. Many nuclear proteins are excluded from the nucleolus and because of this some nucleolar processes cannot occur inside this structure. In order to be replicated and repaired rDNAs need to be displaced at the nucleolar periphery. Despite the importance of

A bacterial strain, B5-2(T), was isolated from an ice core drilled from Muztagh Glacier, China. Strain B5-2(T) was a Gram-stainnegative, short rod-shaped, motile by polar flagella, aerobic bacterium. The major fatty acids of strain B5-2(T) were summed feature 8 (C-18 : 1 omega 7c and/ or C-18 : 1 omega 6c) and iso-C-13 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA from strain B5-2(T) was 69.3 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain B5-2(T) was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel strain B5-2(T) shared highest similarity (96.7 %) with Aureimonas altamirensis S21B(T). On the basis of the results of this polyphasic study, strain B5-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Aureimonas, for which the name Aureimonas glaciei sp. nov. is ...

The identification of mycobacteria can be a complicated, expensive, and difficult process; many laboratories are now referring uncommon organisms to laboratories that have the capability of using additional technology. Nucleic acid probes have offered laboratories the ability to rapidly and accurately identify four of the most common mycobacterial species, and they have rarely misidentified an organism (3).. A more important issue is the inaccuracy of phenotypic methods in providing a reliable and timely identification of the other mycobacteria (14). Nucleic acid sequencing of 16S rDNA has been investigated as a definitive method for the identification of many microorganisms, including mycobacteria (3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 16-18, 23), and its use is becoming more extensive. Most of the studies used a small number of organisms for evaluation or included only common species and/or the type species from culture collections.. We sought to determine whether 16S rDNA sequencing with a commercially available ...

Community Structure, Diversity, and Vertical Distribution of Archaea Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Analysis in the Deep Sea Sediment of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea - archaeal diversity;16S rRNA gene;marine group;Ulleung Basin;East Sea;

Extremely barophilic bacteria, which we defined as bacteria that are unable to grow at pressures of less than 50 MPa but that are able to grow well at 100 MPa, were isolated from sediment obtained by means of the unmanned submersible Kaiko system from the worlds deepest ocean bottom, the Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep, at a depth of 10,898 m. One of the isolates, strain DB21MT-2, which showed optimal growth at a pressure of 70 MPa, belongs to the species S. benthica as determined based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis (Fig. 4; Table 1). This strain particularly produces EPA as a component of its membrane lipids (Table3). All of the barophilic Shewanella strains isolated from the deep sea produce EPA. Another isolate, strain DB21MT-5, which shows optimal growth at a pressure of 80 MPa, is closely related to the genusMoritella as determined based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons; however, DNA-DNA hybridization results suggest that this strain does not belong to ...

Widdel 1981) Kuever 2006 may be the type and only species of the genus and the order GEBAproject. class represents a separate lineage within the which is only distantly related to most other members of this class. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values are the type strains of (87.6% sequence identity) and (87.2%) both belonging to the family within the order [9]. The most similar cloned 16S rRNA gene EUB-42 [10] shared only 95.5% sequence similarity with and was retrieved from anaerobic sludge. Strain 2st14T WYE-354 represents the only stress of this varieties obtainable from a tradition collection so far. Available data from cultivation 3rd party studies (environmental testing and genomic studies) didnt surpass 86% series similarity indicating that people of this varieties are limited to specific habitats which are undersampled generally in most conditions or are in low great quantity (status Oct 2010). The solitary genomic 16S rRNA series of stress 2st14T was ...

Bacillus tusciae Bonjour & Aragno 1994 is a hydrogen-oxidizing, thermoacidophilic spore former that lives as a facultative chemolithoautotroph in solfataras. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing was well established at the time of the initial description of the organism, 16S sequence data were not available and the strain was placed into the genus Bacillus based on limited chemotaxonomic information. Despite the now obvious misplacement of strain T2(T) as a member of the genus Bacillus in 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic trees, the misclassification remained uncorrected for many years, which was likely due to the extremely difficult, analysis-hampering cultivation conditions and poor growth rate of the strain. Here we provide a taxonomic re-evaluation of strain T2(T) (= DSM 2912 = NBRC 15312) and propose its reclassification as the type strain of a new species, Kyrpidia tusciae, and the type species of the new genus Kyrpidia, which is a sister-group of Alicyclobacillus. The family Alicyclobacillaceae da ...

5th Gen 5th Gen Drivetrain 5th Gen Electrical 5th Gen Engine/Power 5th Gen Wheels/Hubs Apparel Best Sellers Carbon Fiber Competition Coupe Competition Coupe Aerodynamics Competition Coupe Frame/Body Competition Coupe Steering Competition Coupe Suspension Gen 1 Gen 1 Drivetrain Gen 1 Steering Gen 1 Suspension Gen 1 Wheels/Hubs Gen 2 Gen 2 Drivetrain Gen 2 Steering Gen 2 Suspension Gen 2 Wheels/Hubs Gen 3 Gen 3 Aerodynamics Gen 3 Brakes Gen 3 Drivetrain Gen 3 Electrical Gen 3 Engine/Power Gen 3 Frame/Body Gen 3 Interior Gen 3 Steering Gen 3 Suspension Gen 3 Vehicle Preservation Gen 3 Wheels/Hubs Gen 4 Gen 4 Aerodynamics Gen 4 Brakes Gen 4 Drivetrain Gen 4 Electrical Gen 4 Engine/Power Gen 4 Frame/Body Gen 4 Interior Gen 4 Steering Gen 4 Suspension Gen 4 Vehicle Preservation Gen 4 Wheels/Hubs Gen 5 Gen 5 Aerodynamics Gen 5 Brakes Gen 5 Drivetrain Gen 5 Electrical Gen 5 Engine/Power Gen 5 Frame/Body Gen 5 Interior Gen 5 Steering Gen 5 Suspension Gen 5 Vehicle Preservation Gen 5 Wheels/Hubs ...

18-26S rDNA loci were mapped on chromosomes in four species of Paris, and the number and position of rDNA sites in these species were compared for analysis of the distribution of the sites. All the plants were diploids, and the genome consisted of five chromosomes, A, B, C, D and E. (1) P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, 2n = 10 = 6m + 4t. Two 18-26S rDNA loci were detected on the short arms of C and D chromosomes; (2) P. forrestii, 2n = 10 = 6m + 4t. One locus was detected on the long arm of B chromosome, and also two loci on the short arms of C and D chromosomes; (3) P. axialis. 2n = 10 = 6m(2sat) + 4t(2sat) + 1 - 2B. Two loci were detected on the short arms of C and D chromosomes. One locus was detected in the cell with two B-chromosomes (B), but none was detected in that with only one B chromosome, indicating that rRNA gene existed on B chromsome, and an unequal division occurred during mitotic cycle of B-chromosomes. (4) P. daliensis, 2n = 10 = 4m + 2sm + 2st + 2t. One locus was detected on ...

Synonymy of A. enteropelogenes and A. trota related species A. caviae (hybridization group 4) and In conclusion, the DNA-DNA hybridization data A. sobria (hybridization group 7) (Table 1). Collec- presented in the current study clearly indicate that the tively, the new DNA-DNA hybridization data are in named taxa A. trota and A. enteropelogenes belong to perfect congruence with the above-mentioned studies the same genomic species based on the high DNA suggesting that the taxa A. enteropelogenes and relatedness determined between their type strains. In A. trota are members of the same genomic Aeromonas addition, phenotypic characterization suggested that these strains could not be separated by a single test outof 60 features and both displayed susceptibility to Phenotypically, the type strain of A. enteropelogenes ampicillin and carbenicillin. Together with previous and the type and reference strains of A. trota could not phylogenetic (Collins et al., 1993) and genotypic (Huys be separated by any ...

Background: In plants, the 5 S rRNA genes usually occur as separate tandems (S-type arrangement) or, less commonly, linked to 35 S rDNA units (L-type). The activity of linked genes remains unknown so far. We studied the homogeneity and expression of 5 S genes in several species from family Asteraceae known to contain linked 35 S-5 S units. Additionally, their methylation status was determined using bisulfite sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to reveal the sub-nuclear positions of rDNA arrays. Results: We found that homogenization of L-type units went to completion in most (4/6) but not all species. Two species contained major L-type and minor S-type units (termed L-s-type). The linked genes dominate 5 S rDNA expression while the separate tandems do not seem to be expressed. Members of tribe Anthemideae evolved functional variants of the polymerase III promoter in which a residing C-box element differs from the canonical angiosperm motif by as much as 30%. On this basis, ...

We isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains that are able to carry out the second fermentation of sparkling wine from spontaneously fermenting musts in El Penedès (Spain) by specifically designed selection protocols. All of them (26 strains) showed one of two very similar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction patterns, whereas their karyotypes differed. These strains showed high rates of karyotype instability, which were dependent on both the medium and the strain, during vegetative growth. In all cases, the mtDNA restriction pattern was conserved in strains kept under the same conditions. Analysis of different repetitive sequences in their genomes suggested that ribosomal DNA repeats play an important role in the changes in size observed in chromosome XII, whereas SUC genes or Ty elements did not show amplification or transposition processes that could be related to rearrangements of the chromosomes showing these sequences. Karyotype changes also occurred in monosporidic diploid ...

Green algae (Chlorophyta) are a morphologically heterogeneous group that is undergoing considerable revisions at present. Especially in coccoid genera, there have been striking cases of polyphyly, when species originally placed in one genus were shown to belong to up to three different classes. The coccoid chlorophycean genus Bracteacoccus Tereg was until recently considered monophyletic, but with the advent of new molecular data, it no longer appears as such. The goal of my project is to monograph the genus Bracteacoccus. I collect 18S ribosomal DNA sequences (nuclear gene) as well as rbcL sequences (chloroplast, protein-coding gene). Phylogeny obtained from the sequence data can be subsequently used as a starting point for further research: well supported clades can be examined for defining traits. Like other coccoid genera, Bracteacoccus has very simple morphology and therefore few characters to be scored. Transmission electron microscopy may provide one or several taxonomically useful ...

Green algae (Chlorophyta) are a morphologically heterogeneous group that is undergoing considerable revisions at present. Especially in coccoid genera, there have been striking cases of polyphyly, when species originally placed in one genus were shown to belong to up to three different classes. The coccoid chlorophycean genus Bracteacoccus Tereg was until recently considered monophyletic, but with the advent of new molecular data, it no longer appears as such. The goal of my project is to monograph the genus Bracteacoccus. I collect 18S ribosomal DNA sequences (nuclear gene) as well as rbcL sequences (chloroplast, protein-coding gene). Phylogeny obtained from the sequence data can be subsequently used as a starting point for further research: well supported clades can be examined for defining traits. Like other coccoid genera, Bracteacoccus has very simple morphology and therefore few characters to be scored. Transmission electron microscopy may provide one or several taxonomically useful ...

Changes in the structure and composition of a protistan community were characterized through the analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S) sequences for a 3-day bottle incubation using a single sample collected in the western North Atlantic. Cloning and sequencing was used to investigate changes in perceived species richness and diversity as a consequence of environmental perturbation. The treatments included a control (unamended seawater), inorganic nutrient enrichment, and enrichment with a complex organic mixture. Five clone libraries were constructed and analyzed at the time of collection (t-0 h) and after 24 (t-24 h) and 72 (t-72 h) h for the control, and at t-72 h for the inorganic and organic enrichments, resulting in an analysis of 1,626 partial 18S rDNA sequences that clustered into 238 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Analysis of the clone libraries revealed that protistan assemblages were highly dynamic and changed substantially at both the OTU level and higher taxonomic ...

The attached .csv file contains accession number, definition, and GenBank URL for 28 rDNA sequences: MF077637-MF077640 and MF098761 (Ca. Annandia pinicola), MF077633-MF077636 (Ca. Gillettellia cooleyia), MF077641-MF077645 (Ca. Hartigia pinicola), MF108835-MF108838 (Ca. Profftia spp.), MF098762 (Ca. Pseudomonas adelgestsugas from Taiwan), MF063340- MF063348 (Ca. Vallotia spp.).

The higher proliferation rate of cancer cells requires an increased rate of protein synthesis. Thus, cancer cells often show increased rates of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and have more ribosomes and larger nucleoli, which are nuclear structures that function in ribosome biogenesis. Neumüller et al. identified genes in yeast that, when ablated, resulted in smaller or larger nucleoli. A similar analysis in Drosophila enabled the identification of evolutionarily conserved molecular complexes that increase or decrease nucleolar size when the complex constituents were targeted by RNA interference. Understanding how cells regulate rDNA transcription could provide new therapeutic avenues for interfering with the unrestricted growth that occurs in cancer.. ...

Obtaining full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences is important for generating accurate taxonomy assignments of bacteria, which normally is realized via clone library construction. However, the application of clone library has been hindered due to its limitations in sample throughput and in capturing minor populations (<1 % of total microorganisms). To overcome these limitations, a new strategy, two-step denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (2S-DGGE), is developed to obtain full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences. 2S-DGGE can compare microbial communities based on its first-round DGGE profiles and generate partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (8-534 bp, Escherichia coli numbering). Then, strain-specific primers can be designed based on sequence information of bacteria of interest to PCR amplify their remaining 16S rRNA gene sequences (515-1541 bps, E. coli numbering). The second-round DGGE can confirm DNA sequence purity of these PCR products. Finally, the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences can be ...

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075 , was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075 belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056 (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28 (95.1 %) andNocardioides islandiensis MSL-26 (95.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075 were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant cell-wall sugars were composed of ribose and glucose. The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, ...

Strains VIM M 10366(T), YIM M 10378(T) and YIM M 10400(T) were isolated from marine sediments collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. All three isolates were able to grow optimally at pH 7.0, 28-37 degrees C and 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains are members of the genus Streptomyces, exhibiting moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.0-98.8% to members of the most closely related Streptomyces species. Morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and compositions of whole-cell sugars and phospholipids are consistent with the diagnostic characteristics of the genus Streptomyces, but still allowed differentiation amongst the three strains and their neighbours. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strains VIM M 10366(T), VIM M 10378(T) and VIM M 10400(T) were identified as members of three novel species of the genus ...

A Gram-staining-positive, cocci, halotolerant bacterial strain, designated as SV-16T, was isolated from marine sediment and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain exhibited phenotypic properties that included chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Salinicoccus. Growth occurs at temperatures in the range between 25-37 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 7.0-11.0 (optimum 8.0) and at NaCl concentrations up to 25 .0 % (optimum 15.0 %). The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was with Salinicoccus carnicancri CrmT (98.6 %) followed by Salinicoccus halodurans W24T (96.6 %). The predominant polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15: 0, anteiso-C15: 0, iso-C17: 0 and anteiso C17: 0. The draft genome of strain SV-16T consisted of 2,591,284 bp with G+C content of 48.7 mol %. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and genotypic ...

INTRODUCTION. The genus Bacillus is a phenotypically large, diverse collection of Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining, endospore-forming, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that have undergone considerable reclassification as advances in molecular biology have revealed a high phylogenetic heterogeneity (5, 21). The genus Bacillus and related genera are distributed widely in nature and include thermophilic, psychrophilic, acidophilic, alkalophilic and halophilic bacteria that utilize a wide range of carbon sources for heterotrophic growth or grow autotrophically.. The investigations on phylogenetic divergence of the genus Bacillus and its mesophilic and thermophilic members indicated the need for further and extensive studies to place some of these bacilli in appropriate taxonomic levels (1, 23, 21). With the accumulation of further 16S rRNA gene sequence data, Bacillus has been divided into more manageable and better-defined groups (16). According to Ludwig et al. (2007) ...

In Egypt, four species of Tilapia have been described based on morphometric, meristic and cytotaxonomical characteristics. These species are Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus and Sarotherodon galilaeus. The accurate identification of these fishes is complicated by the high variation in these characters,similarity among species and in some cases by the size of the fish. In this paper, we examined the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (srDNA) for molecular identification of Tilapia spp. in Egypt. The present study aims to evaluate such advanced molecular biological approach for identification of Tilapia spp. Genomic DNA was extracted from the four species of Tilapia. About 2000 bp 18S ribosomal DNA was amplified by PCR using specific primers. The technique of restriction fragment length polymorphisms was used to identify the specific 18S rDNA for each species. O.

article{7225551, abstract = {A Gram-stain-positive, ovoid, lactic acid bacterium, strain LMG 27676(T), was isolated from a spoiled sous-vide-cooked rutabaga. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain belongs to the genus Leuconostoc, with Leuconostoc kimchii and Leuconostoc miyukkimchii as the nearest neighbours (99.1 and 98.8\% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity towards the type strain, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analysis of the pheS, rpoA and atpA genes, and biochemical and genotypic characteristics allowed differentiation of strain LMG 27676(T) from all established species of the genus Leuconostoc. Strain LMG 27676(T) (=R-50029(T)=MHB 277(T)=DSM 27776(T)) therefore represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Leuconostoc rapi sp. nov. is proposed.}, author = {Lyhs, Ulrike and Snauwaert, Isabel and Pihlajaviita, Seija and De Vuyst, Luc and Vandamme, Peter}, issn = {1466-5026}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL ...

Background. 16S rRNA gene sequences are routinely assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that are then used to analyze complex microbial communities. A number of methods have been employed to carry out the assignment of 16S rRNA gene sequences to OTUs leading to confusion over which method is the most rigorous. A recent study suggested that a clustering method should be selected based on its ability to generate stable OTU assignments that do not change as additional sequences are added to the dataset. In contrast, we contend that the ability of the method to properly represent the distances between the sequences is more important. Methods. Our analysis implemented five de novo clustering algorithms including the single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, abundance-based greedy clustering, distance-based greedy clustering, and the open and closed-reference methods. Using two previously published datasets we used the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) to assess the stability and

Looking for online definition of DNA-DNA Reassociation in the Medical Dictionary? DNA-DNA Reassociation explanation free. What is DNA-DNA Reassociation? Meaning of DNA-DNA Reassociation medical term. What does DNA-DNA Reassociation mean?

Gammaproteobacteria belonging and related to the genus Microbulbifer are an emerging group of complex carbohydrate-degrading marine bacteria. Previously, all of the representatives were placed within Microbulbifer or were unclassified. Recently, a new genus, Teredinibacter, represented by a single species, Teredinibacter turnerae, was formed to include an endosymbiotic branch of these organisms. In this study, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and phenotypic analyses, a new genus, Saccharophagus, is proposed to accommodate the most versatile marine carbohydrate degrader yet identified, Saccharophagus degradans gen. nov., sp. nov. 2-40(T) (=ATCC 43961(T)=DSM 17024(T)). S. degradans strain 2-40(T) can degrade 10 tested complex polysaccharides: agar, alginate, chitin, cellulose, fucoidan, laminarin, pectin, pullulan, starch and xylan. S. degradans 2-40(T) shares 90.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of the Microbulbifer type species, Microbulbifer hydrolyticus ...

Among multigene families, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are the most frequently studied and have been explored as cytogenetic markers to study the evolutionary history of karyotypes among animals and plants. In this report, we applied cytogenetic and genomic methods to investigate the organization of rRNA genes among cichlid fishes. Cichlids are a group of fishes that are of increasing scientific interest due to their rapid and convergent adaptive radiation, which has led to extensive ecological diversity. The present paper reports the cytogenetic mapping of the 5S rRNA genes from 18 South American, 22 African and one Asian species and the 18S rRNA genes from 3 African species. The data obtained were comparatively analyzed with previously published information related to the mapping of rRNA genes in cichlids. The number of 5S rRNA clusters per diploid genome ranged from 2 to 15, with the most common pattern being the presence of 2 chromosomes bearing a 5S rDNA cluster. Regarding 18S rDNA mapping, the

The genetic diversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rhizosphere was analyzed. Selected isolates were screened for plant growthpromoting properties including production of indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization, denitrification ability, and production of antifungal metabolites. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequence analysis was performed to identify and differentiate these isolates. Based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity, the isolates were designated as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, P. fluorescens, P. libaniensis, and P. aeruginosa. Differentiation of isolates belonging to the same group was achieved through different genomic DNA fingerprinting techniques, including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), and bacterial repetitive BOX elements (BOX)

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of plants is present in high copy number and shows variation between and within species in the length of the intergenic spacer (IGS). The 45S rDNA of flowering plants includes the 5.8S, 18S and 25S rDNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2), and the intergenic spacer 45S-IGS (25S-18S). This study identified six different types of 45S-IGS, A to F, which at 363 bp, 1121 bp, 1717 bp, 1969 bp, 2036 bp and 2111 bp in length, respectively, were much shorter than the reported reference IGS sequences in B. oleracea var. alboglabra. The shortest two IGS types, A and B, lacked the transcription initiation site, non-transcribed spacer, and external transcribed spacer. Functional behavior of those two IGS types in relation to rRNA synthesis is a subject of further investigation. The other four IGSs had subtle variations in the transcription termination site, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and number of tandem repeats, but the external transcribed spacers of these four IGSs were