Solar cell for use in a concentrator having a body formed essentially of silicon doped with a P-type impurity and having a base resistivity ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 ohm-centimeter and having back and front side planar surfaces. A layer of aluminum is formed on the back side surface and is alloyed into the silicon body to form a P-plus layer extending through the back side surface. An N+ layer is formed in the silicon body and extends through the front side surface. A multi-layer metal contact structure is secured by the backside and makes a P-type contact. A multi-layer metal contact structure is carried by the front side surface and makes an N-type contact. The multi-layer contact structure carried by the front side surface is formed into a grid line pattern with the grid line pattern being characterized by first and second common bus bars extending substantially through 360 on said surface and being spaced at different distances from the center of the front side surfaces.

A method for testing and burning-in semiconductor components such as semiconductor dice on a semiconductor wafer, is provided. The method includes the step of providing all of the components on the wafer with resilient contact structures, such as metal pins having integral spring segments. The resilient contact structures are used to test the components to identify functional and non-functional components. Following this test, the resilient contact structures on the non-functional components are deformed, such that electrical communication with the non-functional components is prevented in a subsequent burn-in test. This permits the burn-in test to be performed using

A colonization is the usual presence of non-pathogenic and even potentially pathogenic microbes on the skin, in the nose, mouth, bowel, penile or vaginal mucosa, as a part of normal human flora, in the amount not harmful for the body - this is not an infection. An example is the presence of Lactobacilus acidophilus bacteria in the colon.. A contamination is the presence of germs which do not multiply, for example, in a contaminated (not infected)wound. Infected or septic wound contains multiplying microbes. Contamination also refers to presence of pathogenic microbes on medical equipment, in the water, food etc.. A carrier state is the non-usual presence of pathogenic microbes in the body, in the way not harmful for the carrier, but potentially dangerous for others, since the carrier is usually contagious. For example, if you have Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (a common cause of skin infections) in your nose, you may infect others, even if you alone never develop an infection.. An overgrowth of ...

The relative amount of transmission in I2 (ϕ) also has a large effect on ESS virulence (figure 1b). As the amount of transmission in I2 increases, the ESS virulence decreases, and the rate of decrease depends on the level of mortality that occurs in the I1 class. As the level of transmission in I2 and the disease mortality rate in the I1 class (ρ) approach zero, the ESS virulence goes to infinity (figure 1b). These results can be understood by realizing that for any fixed level of virulence (α), decreases in the transmission parameter ϕ reduce the fitness benefit of reaching the second class (I2), while increases in ρ both decrease the probability of reaching the second class and decreases the infectious period in the first class. Therefore, as both parameters reach zero, there is no benefit in reaching the second class and no cost to virulence in the first class. Thus, ESS virulence is very high and virulence will have a greater tendency to increase after introduction.. The effect of the ...

In this work we develop an experimental method to study interparticle force transmission in 3D. An initial 2D study of volumetric data for commercially available polyethylene fluorescent microspheres shows that three-dimensional effects play a significant role in deformation of real granular assemblies. This highlights the need for more experimental work to validate existing numerical models and motivate further development of theory and models describing real 3D granular media. A full 3D analysis method is described where volumetric images are captured via confocal microscopy and the displacement fields for each particle are determined using digital volume correlation (DVC). This data is then used to determine the average strain in each particle as well as the assemblys fabric (geometric descriptors of particles and contacts) which are in turn used for the Granular Element Method (GEM) to determine interparticle forces. Additionally, we perform a DVC analysis for an in-house produced ...

IC package with non-uniform dielectric layer thickness | Interconnect structure and method of forming the same | Electric contact structure having a diffusion barrier for an electronic device and method for manufacturing the... | Split contact structure and fabrication method thereof | Planar polysilicon regions for precision resistors and electrical fuses and method of fabrication |

Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region in 2013, with serious implications for population health in the region. In 2016, the World Health Organization declared the ZIKV outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following a cluster of associated neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. In 2017, Zika cases declined, but future incidence in LAC remains uncertain due to gaps in our understanding, considerable variation in surveillance and the lack of a comprehensive collation of data from affected countries. Our analysis combines information on confirmed and suspected Zika cases across LAC countries and a spatio-temporal dynamic transmission model for ZIKV infection to determine key transmission parameters and projected incidence in 90 major cities within 35 countries. Seasonality was determined by spatio-temporal estimates of Aedes aegypti vectorial capacity. We used country and state-level data from 2015 to mid-2017 to infer key model

Existing estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, for human schistosomes are mostly in the range 1-4, implying that schistosomes should be relatively easy to eliminate from endemic areas, which is contrary to practical experience. An estimate of R0 for a site in Zimbabwe is obtained here using a mathematical model explicitly incorporating two features believed to be epidemiologically significant; age-dependent exposure and acquired immunity. Parameter estimates are, as far as possible, obtained independently, but the coefficients representing man-snail and snail-man transmission, as well as parameters representing effects of acquired immunity, must be estimated indirectly by fitting the model to field data. Heterogeneity in human exposure and contamination is crudely incorporated by considering `wormy and non-wormy fractions of the population. The results suggest R0 to be in the range 4-5 or more, higher than previous estimates and despite only moderate levels of infection at this site. ...

Author Summary Resistance of influenza to common antiviral agents carries the possibility of causing large morbidity and mortality through failure of treatment and should be taken into account when planning public health interventions focused on stopping transmission. Here we present a mathematical model of influenza transmission which incorporates heterogeneous contact structure and stochastic transmission events. We find scenarios when treatment either induces large levels of resistance or no resistance at identical values of transmission rates depending on the number initially infected. We also find, contrary to previous results, that targeted treatment causes more resistance at lower treatment levels than non-targeted treatment. Our results have important implications for the timing and distribution of antivirals in epidemics and highlight important differences in how transmission is modeled and where assumptions made in previous models cause them to lead to erroneous conclusions.

A graduate will after passing the course describe individual types of microorganisms and clarify their pathogenicity factors. He/she is able to enumerate basic components of immunity system and understand their function. He/she is able to clarify the infection transmission process and draws options of fighting against infectious diseases. He/she is able to enumerate the most common infectious diseases of individual organ systems and describe general rules of urgent care in infections threatening patients life. He/she is able to explain the meaning of hospital infections. He/she is able to enumerate infectious and non-infectious labour risks of health related professionals. He/she is able to describe the structure of of hygienic service in the Czech Republic. He/she is able to enumerate factors of natural and working environment that influence human health. He/she is able to enumerate risk factors of so called lifestyle diseases, make an assessment of options of their prevention ...

egg. Covid has proved rather less lethal than I thought it might in March last year: as the Doomlord rightly notes, that was a time of radical uncertainty, uncertainty that diminished, as it tends to, with time. We should count our blessings.. Yet the insistence by some here that any government response was an over-reaction is as nonsensical as was the Economists Letter that, on its face, denied the existence of any trade-offs between economic activity and the Covid suppression. There are obvious trade-offs: we would never abandon all economic activity for the sake of suppressing a disease, and despite the inflated claims of some lockdown opponents, we never did. Moreover there are dynamic (ie, inter-temporal) trade-offs: the price of some economic activity today, with the risk of infection transmission, was the likelihood of more wide-spread infection tomorrow. The point the Economists Letter should have made was that, in the view of its authors, the benefits of continued steps toward ...

In this paper, we investigate a disease transmission model of SIRS type with latent period τ≥0 and the specific nonmonotone incidence rate, namely, For the basic reproduction number R0>1, applying monotone iterative techniques, we establish sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of endemic equilibrium of system which become partial answers to the open problem in [Hai-Feng Huo, Zhan-Ping Ma, Dynamics of a delayed epidemic model with non-monotonic incidence rate, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 15 (2010) 459-468]. Moreover, combining both monotone iterative techniques and the Lyapunov functional techniques to an SIR model by perturbation, we derive another type of sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium ...

Epidemiology strongly parallels the study of ecology, primarily being concerned with the incidence, distribution, reproduction and persistence of species. The spread of disease, or its transmission, is arguably the most important incident studied in epidemiology, underpinning a pathogens ability to reproduce and persist within a host population. However, observations of individual transmission events are often impossible to observe directly, making variation in this process difficult to study. This has resulted in a great deal of epidemiological theory being based on homogenous transmission of disease through host populations. Understanding disease transmission as a heterogeneous process requires an appreciation of the ecological dynamics determining a pathogens ability to transmit. In this thesis a cross-disciplinary approach is taken to examine the ecological dynamics that may affect disease transmission at different ecological scales. In Chapter 2 I review empirical evidence in support of ...

We give a survey of results on global stability for deterministic compartmental epidemiological models. Using Lyapunov techniques we revisit a classical result, and give a simple proof. By the same methods we also give a new result on differential susceptibility and infectivity models with mass action and an arbitrary number of compartments. These models encompass the so-called differential infectivity and staged progression models. In the two cases we prove that if the basic reproduction ratio R0 \leq 1, then the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If R0 | 1, there exists an unique endemic equilibrium which is asymptotically stable on the positive orthant.

Provides in-depth study of the biological features of infectious and tropical diseases, both domestically and globally. Emphasizes the use of epidemiologic methods to study the biological, social and biological determinants of infectious disease transmission, pathogenesis, immunity and control. Students achieve basic mastery of microbiology and immunology in addition to methods to understand transmission dynamics and the impact of prevention and treatment interventions.

You searched for: Language English Remove constraint Language: English Publisher CDC Remove constraint Publisher: CDC Subject Disease Transmission, Infectious Remove constraint Subject: Disease Transmission, Infectious Subject Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Remove constraint Subject: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ...

You searched for: Creator CDC Remove constraint Creator: CDC Subject Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Remove constraint Subject: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Subject Disease Transmission, Infectious Remove constraint Subject: Disease Transmission, Infectious ...

The spatial structure and local contact network for dihydropteroate synthase (1aj0).(a) The local structure of the catalytic resi

Learn how molecular and epidemiological data are used together to understand infectious disease transmission and to help preventing and controlling...

Abstract: The threat of new or emerging diseases, such as avian influenza, has prompted many researchers to construct detailed predictive models of infectious disease transmission between humans in order to advise healthcare policy. At the heart of many of these models, however, are crude assumptions regarding the mixing and contact rates between individuals. Here, I will present the results from a diary-based contact survey which describes how often individuals encountered others, as well as the level of intimacy and the social context of the encounter. Simulations demonstrate the important characteristics of this data for transmission of infection. see: DIMACS Computational and Mathematical Epidemiology Seminar Series 2006 - 2007 ...

The SEIRS model for infectious disease dynamics The SEIRS model Phase Plane Equations Download Credits Basic reproduction number R 0 Infectious period 1/γ (days) Latent period 1/σ (days) Immunity duration 1/ω (years) Life expectancy 1/μ (years) Death onset 1/α (days) vaccination level p (%) log 10 axes show time points show SIR I(t) trajectory interpretive text figure ...

The transmission of infections is once again in the forefront of worldwide concerns. The current Ebola virus outbreak which started in Africa has killed many people and the future of this epidemic is unknown. When studying infectious disease transmission and prevention, the hospital as a building is a virtual guinea pig. The high rates of patient deaths due to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) indicate that this guinea pig is very sick indeed. Why is the hospital physical environment a place where infections flourish? Hospitals are shelters . . .

Research in the departments 14 laboratories is primarily focused on diseases of developing countries. Laboratory-based research may be supplemented by field-based studies of epidemiological and ecological aspects of infectious disease transmission and control.. Infectious and immune-mediated diseases currently under study include HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Chagas, Malaria, Pneumonia, Enteric Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel, and Autoimmune diseases. Further immunologic studies focus on genetic regulation of the immune response, the interplay between the innate immune system and intestinal microbial communities, the function and regulation of T-cell-derived cytokines and cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammation.. Research in the department emphasizes basic pathogenic mechanisms that may lead to better diagnostic tools, the development of vaccines and other interventions for prevention and control of infection and disease, and the identification of new targets for antiviral and antiparasitic ...

Individuals living in communities more remote at baseline had lower travel rates compared with less remote villages (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38, 0.67). Our model predicts that less remote villages are, therefore, at increased disease risk. Though road building and travel increased for all communities, this risk differential remained over 10 years of observation. Our transmission model also suggests that travelers and nontravelers have different roles in disease transmission. Adults travel more than children (adjusted OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.31) and therefore disseminate infection from population centers to rural communities. Children are more likely than adults to be infected locally (attributable fraction = 0.24 and 0.09, respectively) and were indirectly affected by adult travel patterns ...

Phylogenetic clustering of HIV sequences from a random sample of patients can reveal epidemiological transmission patterns, but interpretation is hampered by limited theoretical support and statistical properties of clustering analysis remain poorly understood. Alternatively, source attribution methods allow fitting of HIV transmission models and thereby quantify aspects of disease transmission. A simulation study was conducted to assess error rates of clustering methods for detecting transmission risk factors. We modeled HIV epidemics among men having sex with men and generated phylogenies comparable to those that can be obtained from HIV surveillance data in the UK. Clustering and source attribution approaches were applied to evaluate their ability to identify patient attributes as transmission risk factors. We find that commonly used methods show a misleading association between cluster size or odds of clustering and covariates that are correlated with time since infection, regardless of their

Achromobacter bacteria seen in chronic CF lung infections showed patient-to-patient transmission and emerging antibiotic resistance in study.

Connect and collaborate with Patricia Campbell at University of Melbourne, with research interests in Modelling of infectious disease transmission, on Mendeley.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES TABLE OF CONTENTS INFECTIOUS DISEASES Infectious Diseases... ID 1 Categories & How Diseases Spread...ID 1 ID 3 OTHER RESOURCES Guidelines For Infectious Diseases Reporting & Exclusions

Learn about the veterinary topic of Introduction to Diseases Spread between Animals and People (Zoonoses). Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.

The Genetics Society of America (GSA), founded in 1931, is the professional membership organization for scientific researchers and educators in the field of genetics. Our members work to advance knowledge in the basic mechanisms of inheritance, from the molecular to the population level.. Online ISSN: 1943-2631. ...

Introducing Perspectives, a video series with peer-to-peer conversations on how COVID-19 has impacted work and the workplace. In this first episode, watch Dr. Lydia Bourouiba, director of MITs Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission Laboratory, as she talks with Steelcase CEO Jim Keane about what we know today on mitigating disease transmission at work.. ...

Please always remember to consult your medical professional regarding your medical questions; this forum is intended to provide patient-to-patient support. We can offer advice and suggestions, but ultimately it is the patients responsibility to communicate information to his or her physician, and vice-versa. Take heart...it is possible! ...

The 2011 Acura TL is an excellent car to drive. It boasts a powerful V-6 engine, its available with one of the worlds best all-wheel drive systems, and the SH-AWD manual transmission model is quite possibly the best sport sedan you can buy for the price. Problem is, it suffers from one of the most bizarre styling jobs on the road today. Derided since its...

The first step in solving any problem is to correctly identify its cause. The same is true for transmission problems. But how can you tell transmission problems apart from other car problems.

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suspect transmission problem 1998 Volvo S70 - no history of automatic transmission problems Lately our car has - Volvo 1998 S70 question

After how many miles shoud the transmission fluid in a 2009 4 cyl chevy malibu be changed? - After how many miles shoud the transmission fluid in a 2009 4 ...

If your gear shifts arent smooth anymore, it may be time to stop by Reliable Automotive for transmission repair in San Marcos, Kyle, or Buda.

When detected early, the disease can be treated with a course of antibiotics. When it is not recognized, as in Lauras case, the disease spreads and wreaks havoc throughout the body.

Katso sanan transmission käännös englanti-suomi. Ilmainen Sanakirja on monipuolinen sanakirja netissä. Suomi, englanti, ruotsi ja monta muuta kieltä!

BACKGROUND: Strategies to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection in hospitals focus on patient-to-patient transmission. We used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the role of colonized patients as the source of new S. aureus acquisitions, and the reliability of identifying patient-to-patient transmission using the conventional approach of spa typing and overlapping patient stay. METHODS: Over 14 months, all unselected patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit (ICU) were serially screened for S. aureus. All available isolates (n = 275) were spa typed and underwent whole-genome sequencing to investigate their relatedness at high resolution. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus was carried by 185 of 1109 patients sampled within 24 hours of ICU admission (16.7%); 59 (5.3%) patients carried methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Forty-four S. aureus (22 MRSA) acquisitions while on ICU were detected. Isolates were available for genetic analysis from 37 acquisitions. Whole-genome sequencing indicated

Gay N. Inter-pandemic surveillance, international spread & impact of control measures. GHSAG Flu Modeling Workshop. London, 2005. Longini IM, Jr., Koopman JS, Monto AS, Fox JP. Estimating household and community transmission parameters for influenza. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:736-51. Longini IM, Jr., Koopman JS. Household and community transmission parameters from final distributions of infections in households. Biometrics 1982;38:115-26. Fritz RS, Hayden FG, Calfee DP, Cass LM, Peng AW, Alvord WG, et al. Nasal cytokine and chemokine responses in experimental influenza A virus infection: results of a placebo-controlled trial of intravenous zanamivir treatment. J Infect Dis 1999;180:586-93. Reuman PD, Bernstein DI, Keefer MC, Young EC, Sherwood JR, Schiff GM. Efficacy and safety of low dosage amantadine hydrochloride as prophylaxis for influenza A. Antiviral Res 1989;11:27-40. Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Fritz RS, Lobo M, Betts RF, Miller M, et al. Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in ...

Clinical trial for Vertical infection transmission , Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV-1 Without Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Clinical trial for Vertical infection transmission , Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV-1 Without Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Healers provide support for acute and chronic illnesses in rural Mozambique, such as socially acceptable traditional vaccinations (subcutaneous cuts in the skin to rub herbs directly into the bloody lesion). We aimed to document the frequency of blood exposure by traditional practitioners in Mozambique.. ...

Although the attention of the world and the global health community specifically is deservedly focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, other determinants of health continue to have large impacts and may also interact with COVID-19. Air pollution is one crucial example. Established evidence from other respiratory viruses and emerging evidence for COVID-19 specifically indicates that air pollution alters respiratory defense mechanisms leading to worsened infection severity. Air pollution also contributes to comorbidities that are known to worsen outcomes among those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. Yet despite the massive disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are reasons for optimism: broad societal lockdowns have shown us a glimpse of what a future with strong air pollution measures could yield. Thus, the urgency to combat air pollution is not diminished, but instead heightened in the context of the pandemic.

In a study that appeared in the Lancet in 1996, 12 of 29 ventilated patients acquired VRE; the resistant strain was isolated from 157 of 1,294 environmental cultures. The study concluded that it is impossible to separate patient-to-patient transmission via HCWs or the contaminated environment, but that the latter was not a major source of infection.10 It will be extremely difficult to disentangle the contributions of the animate and inanimate reservoirs of VRE in leading to transient hand carriage of VRE by medical personnel, Weber and Rutala write.11 Clearly, proper handwashing with an antimicrobial agent before and after each contact with patients or their immediate environment is crucial in preventing person-to-person transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Unfortunately, compliance with CDC handwashing guidelines has been noted in less than one half of the instances in which it is indicated.12 For this reason, additional contact precautions have been recommended, including wearing gloves ...

Abstract: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a treacherous and devastating catastrophe for humanity. At the time of writing, no specific antivirus drugs or vaccines are recommended to control infection transmission and spread. The current diagnosis of COVID-19 is done by Reverse-Transcription Polymer Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing. However, this method is expensive, time-consuming, and not easily available in straitened regions. An interpretable and COVID-19 diagnosis AI framework is devised and developed based on the cough sounds features and symptoms metadata to overcome these limitations. The proposed frameworks performance was evaluated using a medical dataset containing Symptoms and Demographic data of 30000 audio segments, 328 cough sounds from 150 patients with four cough classes ( COVID-19, Asthma, Bronchitis, and Healthy). Experiments results show that the model captures the better and robust feature embedding to distinguish between COVID-19 ...

We present a dynamical model of a multi-site fishery. The fish stock is located on a discrete set of fish habitats where it is catched by the fishing fleet. We assume that fishes remain on fishing hab

US health officials revealed that there have not been any cases of person-to-person transmission of Middle East Respiratory virus in the US.

The November 12, 2008 issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Volume 363, number 1509) is a theme issue devoted to Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour compiled by Kenny Smith, Michael L. Kalish, Thomas L. Griffiths and Stephan Lewandowsky. Here is the table of content:. Kenny Smith, Michael L. Kalish, Thomas L. Griffiths and Stephan Lewandowsky: Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour Andrew Whiten and Alex Mesoudi: Establishing an experimental science of culture: animal social diffusion experiments Alex Mesoudi and Andrew Whiten: The multiple roles of cultural transmission experiments in understanding human cultural evolution Thomas L. Griffiths, Michael L. Kalish and Stephan Lewandowsky: Theoretical and empirical evidence for the impact of inductive biases on cultural evolution Richard McElreath, Adrian V. Bell, Charles Efferson, Mark Lubell, Peter J. Richerson and Timothy Waring: Beyond existence and aiming outside ...

Some consequences of erroneous results concerning eigenvalues in the recent literature of mathematical biology are highlighted. Furthermore, an improved stability criterion and the true value of the basic reproduction number is presented.

National HIV incidence for a given year x [I(x)] equals prevalence [P(x)] times the transmission rate [T(x)]. Or, simply rearranging the terms, T(x) = [I(x)/P(x)]*100 (where T(x) is the number of HIV transmissions per 100 persons living with HIV in a given year). The transmission rate is an underutilized measure of the speed at which the epidemic is spreading. Here, we utilize recently updated information about HIV incidence and prevalence in the U.S. to estimate the national HIV transmission rate for 2006 through 2008, and present a novel method to express the level of uncertainty in these estimates. Transmission rate estimates for 2006 through 2008 are as follows (respectively): 4.39 (4.01 to 4.73); 4.90 (4.49 to 5.28); and 4.06 (3.70 to 4.38). Although there are methodological challenges inherent in making these estimates, they do give some indications that the U.S. HIV transmission rate is at a historically low level ...

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We investigate electronic transport properties of molecular junctions constructed by a single conjugated molecule attached in the gap of two broken metallic single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). With the help of molecular dynamic simulations (MD), we have provided a realistic description for mechanical stretching processes of different carbon nanotubes and contact structures between the broken CNTs and the conjugated molecule in different junctions. Statistical analysis shows that the molecule generally prefers to be titled inside the junctions with polygonal contact, in particular the apex at the broken ends of tubes. Nonequilibrium Greens function (NEGF) calculations reveal that such realistic CNTs-molecular junctions have very different electron transport properties from junctions with ideal SWCNTs as electrodes. The statistically and energetically favorable CNTs-molecular junctions of different chiralities are found to be always metallic, but their absolute conductance is sensitive to the ...

0027]The semiconductor device 100 as shown in FIG. 1a may further comprise a layer 110, which may represent a metallization layer, such as the very first metallization layer, which may connect to respective circuit elements on the basis of a contact structure (not shown) and the like. For convenience, the layer 110 may be referred to as a metallization layer which may comprise a dielectric material 111 that may comprise any appropriate material or material composition, as required. For instance, the dielectric material 111 may comprise a low-k dielectric material, i.e., a material having a relative permittivity of 3.0 or less in order to reduce the parasitic capacitance with respect to neighboring metal regions. Furthermore, the metallization layer 110 may comprise a metal region 112, which may be substantially comprised of a highly conductive metal, such as copper, silver, alloys thereof and the like, while, in other cases, contact materials, such as tungsten and the like, may be incorporated ...

The avian H7N7 influenza A virus transmitted alarmingly well from person-to-person during the Netherlands outbreak in the spring of 2003, according to a report from Dutch researchers.

The United Kingdom recently reported the first case of person-to-person transmission of Zika virus probably by sexual contact. The patients partner had recently travelled to affected areas while the patient had no recent travel history. To date, 75 countries/areas have reported mosquito-borne transmission since 2007, while 13 have reported person-to-person transmission probably by sexual contact since 2016 ...

We define a linear physiologically structured population model by two rules, one for reproduction and one for movement and survival. We use these ingredients to give a constructive definition of next-population-state operators. For the autonomous case we define the basic reproduction ratio Ro and the Malthusian parameter r and we compute the resolvent in terms of the Laplace transform of the ingredients. A key feature of our approach is that unbounded operators are avoided throughout. This will facilitate the treatment of nonlinear models as a next step.. ...

Fast enough for shooting in just about any type of light. Distortion-free images with superb resolution and color rendition. An ideal first lens, perfect for full-length portraits, travel photography or any type of available-light shooting. Accepts 52mm filters. Filter Size 52mm Lens Mount Nikon F-Bayonet f/Stop Range 1.4-16 Minimum Focus Distance 1.5 (0.45 m) Reproduction Ratio 0.15x (max.) Angle of View DX format: 30 30 FX format: 46 Focus Modes Auto Manual Compatible Formats FX DX FX in DX Crop Mode 35mm Film Elements/Groups 7/6 Number of Blades 7 Dimensions (Diam. x L) Approx. 2.5 x 1.7 (64.5 x 42.5mm) Weight Approx. 8.1 oz (230 g)

Background: the huge load of infected incoming people in the time of COVID-19 needs to be managed in medical facilities. Objectives:  estimation of the load extent of the outbreak and design of the facilities accordingly, can help the authorities to be equipped for such challenges. Methods: The basic reproduction number ...

The authors expand on a previous commentary by clarifying the possible role that aerosol transmission might play in Ebola transmission and offer new language for discussing disease transmission. ...

The 28 papers in this technical paper collection focus on transmissions and drivelines. Topics covered include controls hardware and software, controls integration, transmission NVH issues and design solutions, parasitic loss investigation, electronic limited slip differentials, CVT belt dynamic analyses, dual dry clutch testing, torque converter modeling, and more. The 28 papers in this technical paper collection focus on transmissions and drivelines. Topics covered include controls hardware and software, controls integration, transmission NVH issues and design solutions, parasitic loss investigation, electronic limited slip differentials, CVT belt dynamic analyses, dual dry clutch testing, torque converter modeling, and more ...

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

99. One of these is routing the transmission cooler lines off the side of the transmission while cleaning the trans tunnel. TH/THC. Needa Parts 3/8in Transmission Cooler Line Fitting $ 3. Home > Transmission Parts > GM Chevrolet Transmission Parts > 4L65E Transmission Parts > All 4L65E Transmission Parts > 4L65E / 700R4 / 4L60 / 4L60E Cooler Line Fitting, 5/16

In 30 of Mexicos 32 states there are laws penalising transmission of HIV, the AIDS virus, which are regarded by experts as discriminatory and ineffective in curbing the epidemic.

Author(s): Chang HH, Huber RG, Bond PJ, Grad YH, Camerini D, Maurer-Stroh S, Lipsitch M,Journal: Bull World Health Organ,PMID: 28670016, July 2017 ...

Author(s): Lipsitch M, Li LM, Patterson S, Trammel J, Juergens C, Gruber WC, Scott DA, Dagan R,Journal: Vaccine,PMID: 29248266, January 2018 ...

To understand the prevention of zoonoses, one has to comprehend how they spread in animals. They can happen if an infected animal comes in touch with another, an animal comes in contact with contaminated substances, the infection is airborne, in food or water; the mother transfers it to the baby animal or via mating. ...

Your veterinarian is trained to work on sick horses but your farrier may not be. Both need to take precautions to avoid becoming the source of infection for horses that they will work on next.

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R0 - the reproduction number - indicates the intensity of an outbreak. R0 is the number of cases, on average, an infected person will cause while infectious.

Direct contact transmission involves immediate contact between two people (or with an animal). Indirect contact transmission involves an object that becomes contaminated by touch then spreads the infection by touch.

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Transmission components This article pertains to the Chevrolet transmissions used in the 60s-80s. It may apply to different types for its diagnosis of problems. Many problems are due to worn linkages, swivels, cushions. Make sure there is free...

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So Ive got to replace 20+ qts of Dexron III transmission fluid. I want to use synthetic oil. Anyone have feedback of prices from recent purchases of 5 gallons of synthetic DexIII? Appreciate any

There are many ways to transmit sexually transmitted diseases or infections from one person to another. Here are the most common ways and what STDs are most frequently spread these ways:

California has encouraged residential PV solar to the degree that it could break the system. But maybe California will also lead the way to mitigating the grid operating problems caused by large amounts of solar.

In an article published in Nature Communications in January of 2015, a connection was revealed between the presence of antibiotics in human blood and... ...