Semantic Scholar extracted view of The determination of histamine in pharmaceutical products by means of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. by F. C. McINTIRE

CCR6 expression in dendritic, T, and B cells suggests that this β-chemokine receptor may regulate the migration and recruitment of antigen-presenting and immunocompetent cells during inflammatory and immunological responses. Here we demonstrate that CCR6-/- mice have underdeveloped Peyers patches, in which the myeloid CD11b+ CD11c+ dendritic-cell subset is not present in the subepithelial dome. CCR6-/- mice also have increased numbers in T-cell subpopulations within the intestinal mucosa. In 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) studies, CCR6-/- mice developed more severe and more persistent inflammation than wild-type (WT) animals. Conversely, in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model induced with allogeneic splenocytes, CCR6-/- mice developed no inflammatory response. The altered responses seen in the CHS and DTH assays suggest the existence of a defect in the activation and/or migration of the CD4+ T-cell subsets that downregulate or elicit the inflammation ...

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桑格在1955年將胰島素的胺基酸序列完整地定序出來，同時證明蛋白質具有明確構造。他利用自己新發現的桑格試劑[3]，也就是2,4-二硝基氟苯（2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene）將胰島素降解成小片段，並與專門水解蛋白質的胰蛋白酶混合在一起。再將一部分混合物的樣本置放於濾紙的一面，並利用一種色層分析方法來做進一步的實驗，首先他將一種溶劑從單一方向通過濾紙，同時又讓電流以相反向通過。 ...

Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Infomation 41598_2018_21049_MOESM1_ESM. based on the manifestation patterns of Kb, Db, and I-Ab of PBMCs using circulation cytometry. In DNFB-induced dermatitis model, the examples of swelling and dermatitis scores in NC.and NC.are alleviated compared with that in NC/Nga DNFB-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga (or NC.and NC.was evaluated by both a rating index of AD19 and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity using was significantly alleviated compared CHIR-99021 novel inhibtior with that in NC/Nga at days 12 and 14 (p? ?0.05, was partially alleviated (Fig.?2A,C). Particularly, dryness and erosion were strongly reduced in NC.and NC.mice compared with the effects seen in NC/Nga (Fig.?2D). The result of at day time 14 were good degree of dermatitis scores, reflecting the degree of inflammation with MPO production due to the accumulation of activated neutrophils and macrophages (Fig.?2B). Open in a separate window Figure 2 In DNFB-induced dermatitis, degrees of ...

Dose: 0.01, 0.05 AND 0.10% FOR SENSITIZATION, AND 0.25% FOR CHALLENGE IN THE MEST AND 0.05, 0.10, AND 0.25% FOR SENSITIZATION IN THE LLNA. DNFB (2, 4-DINITROFLUOROBENZENE) USED AS POSITIVE CONTROL AT 0.20% FOR SENSITIZATION AND 0.20 FOR CHALLENGE ...

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

Starting with just 500 fragments, crystallography allowed the researchers to identify more than 30 fragments that bound in the ATP-binding site, all of which made at least one hydrogen bond to the so-called hinge region of the protein. Three of these fragments were optimized using structure-based design and medicinal chemistry, with the most successful yielding AT7519. The figure shows the progression of the series, starting from the initial fragment, along with the IC50s and the ligand efficiencies of key milestones. Some notable decisions included replacing the indazole moiety with a pyrazole, which resulted in a 30-fold drop in biochemical potency but did not notably reduce the ligand efficiency, and the replacement of a fluorobenzene moiety with a piperidine, which led to a loss in biochemical potency but an improvement in solubility and cell potency. AT7519 showed 86% tumor growth inhibition in an ovarian mouse xenograft model when dosed IP at 7.5 mg/kg. The full paper is well-written and ...

We examined the immunomodulatory effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) on rat allergic dermatitis elicited by repeated dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) application on the ear. Oral administration of ESE significantly inhibited development of allergic dermatitis based on lower ear thickness and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Th1 cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the lesional skin were determined. Oral administration of ESE significantly decreased IL-4 while significantly increasing IL-10 in lesional skin, and the lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were reversed by oral administration of ESE. The infiltration of eosinophils in the lesional skin was decreased by oral administration of ESE. These results suggested that ESE exerts anti-allergic actions by improving the balance of Th1/Th2 in allergic dermatitis.. ...

Besche, V, et al. (2010) Dendritic cells lentivirally engineered to overexpress interleukin-10 inhibit contact hypersensitivity responses, despite their partial activation induced by transduction-associated physical stress. J Gene Med. 2010 Mar 1; 12(3):231-43. PM ID: ...

infection (Wintrobe & Hasenbush, 1939) and we now know that most patients will develop low levels of immunoglobulin if cases are followed for long enough. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was first recognized as a clinical entity by Bruton (1952), when electrophoresis of serum revealed the surprising absence of the gamma fraction in an otherwise normal pattern. Immunological studies showed a complete absence of antibodies and isohaemagglutinins. Odd case reports of agammaglobulinaemia in CLL began appearing shortly afterwards (Brem & Morton, 1955; Jim & Reinhard, 1956). Jim (1957) found that 17 out of 50 patients had hypogammaglobulinaemia. In a more comprehensive study, Cone & Uhr (1964) found deficiencies in all classes of serum immunoglobulins and failure to produce an antibody response to phi x 174, a primary antigen, or diphtheria toxoid, a secondary antigen. There was also a failure to sensitize to dinitrofluorobenzene, although most patients did produce a delayed hypersensitivity response to recall ...

1-(bromomethyl)-2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzene chemical properties, What are the chemical properties of 1-(bromomethyl)-2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzene 261763-43-3, What are the physical properties of 1-(bromomethyl)-2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzene ect.

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Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam ...

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice ...

Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins that are produced transiently by almost any eukaryotic cell. They exert their biological activities via interaction with specific cell surface receptors,...

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

Membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum were labelled with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro[3H]benzene at pH 6.5 and with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate at pH 9.2. Conditions were chosen to restrict reaction to amino groups, and the effect of blockings of these groups by methyl acetimidate was determined. All proteins were labelled to some extent by both reagents, but, whereas the trinitrophenylation of both lipid and protein amino groups was almost completely blocked by methyl acetimidate, the dinitrophenylation of the ATPase at pH 6.5 was much less affected. The seven amino groups on the ATPase that were labelled under these conditions did not react with methyl acetimidate. This reagent can therefore be used to enhance the specificity of fluorodinitrobenzene for amino groups in a hydrophobic environment. The amino groups on the minor proteins and on the phospholipids that reacted with fluorodinitrobenzene at pH 6.5 were probably in an aqueous environment, since the reaction was blocked by methyl acetimidate. ...

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Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Thus, DCs have been regarded as a major target of immunosuppressants for the control of harmful immune responses. In this study, we examined the effect of quercetin, a natural flavonoid found in many vegetables and fruits, on the activation and function of mouse DCs. Quercetin effectively inhibited LPS-induced DC activation by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the expression levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. In addition, quercetin uniquely blocked endocytosis by DCs and the LPS-induced DC migration was diminished by quercetin treatment. Furthermore, quercetin abrogated the ability of LPS-stimulated DCs to induce Ag-specific T cell activation, both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, coadministration of quercetin with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene prevented 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity, indicating the potential of quercetin for treating ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tolerance. T2 - two pathways of negative immunoregulation in contact sensitivity to DNFB Origins of Lymphocyte Diversity. AU - Claman, H. N.. AU - Miller, S. D.. AU - Moorhead, J. W.. PY - 1976. Y1 - 1976. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0017213275&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0017213275&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1101/sqb.1977.041.01.014. DO - 10.1101/sqb.1977.041.01.014. M3 - Article. C2 - 302184. AN - SCOPUS:0017213275. VL - 41. SP - 105. EP - 111. JO - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. JF - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. SN - 0091-7451. IS - 1. ER - ...

Dinitrobenzene,m-Dinitrobenzene,m-Dinitrobenzene,1,3- Dinitrobenzene,o-Dinitrobenzene,o-Dinitrobenzene,1,2- Dinitrobenzene,p-Dinitrobenzene,p-Dinitrobenzene,1,4- Dinitrobenzene

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Dinitrophenyl is a chemical compound containing nitro functional groups attached to a phenyl ring. It is a hapten used in vaccine preparation. Dinitrophenyl does not elicit any immune response on its own and it does not bind to any antigen. Berd, D; Maguire Jr, H. C.; Mastrangelo, M. J.; Murphy, G (1994). Activation markers on T cells infiltrating melanoma metastases after therapy with dinitrophenyl-conjugated vaccine. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. 39 (3): 141-7. doi:10.1007/s002620050105. PMID 7923243. Manne, J; Mastrangelo, M. J.; Sato, T; Berd, D (2002). TCR rearrangement in lymphocytes infiltrating melanoma metastases after administration of autologous dinitrophenyl-modified vaccine. Journal of Immunology. 169 (6): 3407-12. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3407. PMID 12218163. Dinitrophenyl. NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute ...

M Dinitrobenzene Synthesis Essay. dinitrobenzene Look at other dictionaries: dinitrobenzène - ● dinitrobenzène nom masculin Dérivé dinitré du benzène C6H4(NO2)2. (L isomère

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Aldrich-209538; 4-Fluorobenzyl bromide 0.97; CAS No.: 459-46-1; Synonyms: alpha-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene; 1-Bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzene; Linear Formula: FC6H4CH2Br; Empirical Formula: C7H6BrF; find related products, papers, technical documents, MSDS & more at Sigma-Aldrich.

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There is provided the compound 4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butanol (ADNBOH) and a method for making same which comprises reacting trinitromethane and acrolein at a reduced temperature to provide 4,4,4-trinitrobutyraldehyde (TNBA1), reducing the TNBSI to provide 4,4-trinitro-1-butanol (TNBOH) which is further reduced to provide 4,4-dinitro-1-butanol (DNBOH), reacting the DNBOH with acetyl chloride to provide 4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate (DNBAc), reacting the DNBAc with an alkali metal azide in an electrolysis cell to provide 4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butyl acetate (ADNBAc) and reacting the ADNBAc with a lower alcohol and recovering the 4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butanol (ADNBOH). Also provided are several azidodinitro derivatives of 4-azido-4,4-dinitro-1-butanol and methods for making same. Butanol, Nitro radicals, Azides. Patents. (mjm)*AZIDES

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common T cell mediated skin disease. Small reactive organic molecules called haptens induce ACD. Haptens are not recognized by themselves, but need to bond to endogenous proteins in the skin, and processed further into complete antigens. Antigen specific T cells then recognize the resulting antigen. Although the haptens are well known, the chemical reactions of haptens inducing ACD is not well known. Neither are the chemical structures of the complete antigens associated with ACD in humans. This study is composed of three parts. Reactivity study of strong sensitizers like 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 4-t-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (tBuBQ) and cis-1,2-hexahydrophthalic-anhydride (HHPA) under physiologic conditions with nucleophilic amino acids and peptides by analytical methods (HPLC, LC/MS/MS). The new reaction products were isolated and their structures were determined by NMR and MS. We found that most haptens reacted predominantly ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of phenylpropanoid glycoside, teupolioside, biotechnologically produced by IRBN22 Ajuga reptans cell line, in rats subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Teupolioside was administered daily orally (0.2 or 2 mg kg-1). On Day 4, animals were sacrificed and tissues were taken for histological and biochemical analysis. Four days after DNBS administration, colon TNF-α and IL-1β productions were increased, associated with colon damage. Neutrophil infiltration, by myeloperoxidase activity, in the mucosa was associated with up-regulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin and high levels of malondialdehyde. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Biochemical methods and zymography were used to analyze MMP-9 and -2 activities in colon tissues from DNBS-injured rats. Treatment ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of dose response of trinitrochlorobenzene contact hypersensitivity induction in mice. T2 - Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide reveals an optimal sensitizing dose. AU - Sullivan, Sabra. AU - Bergstresser, Paul R.. AU - Streilein, J. Wayne. PY - 1990/5. Y1 - 1990/5. N2 - A detailed dose-response curve has been established for induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in mice with trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). It was determined that in BALB/c, CBA/J, and C57BL/6 mice, the dose required to sensitize via epicutaneous application was between 1 and 10,μg TNCB. When doses of hapten of 200,μg or greater were painted on abdominal skin, CH responses were induced which were only marginally greater than responses induced by sensitizing doses of hapten in the 10-50-μg range, implying that no further dose-response relationship exists beyond 50 μg of hapten. However, in companion experiments, in which panels of mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, it was determined that ...

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Its melting point is -44 °C, which is lower than that of benzene, as a result of the reduced symmetry of the molecule compared to benzene. In contrast, the boiling points of PhF and benzene are very similar, differing by only 4 °C. It is considerably more polar than benzene, with a dielectric constant of 5.42 compared to 2.28 for benzene at 298 K.[1] ...

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