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Background We compared adjunctive treatment with placebo, dexamethasone, anti-C5 antibodies, and the combination of dexamethasone plus anti-C5 antibodies in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Methods In this prospective, investigator-blinded, randomized trial, 96 mice were infected intracisternally with 107 CFU/ml Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3, treated with intraperitoneal ceftriaxone at 20 h, and randomly assigned to intraperitoneal adjunctive treatment with placebo (saline), dexamethasone, anti-C5 antibodies, or dexamethasone plus anti-C5 antibodies. The primary outcome was survival during a 72-h observational period that was analyzed with the log-rank test. Secondary outcome was clinical severity, scored on a validated scale using a linear mixed model. Results Mortality rates were 16 of 16 mice (100 %) in the placebo group, 12 of 15 mice (80 %) in the dexamethasone group, 25 of 31 mice (80 %) in the anti-C5 antibody group, and 18 of 30 mice (60 %) in the dexamethasone plus anti-C5 ...

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Trade Name: Decadron, Dexasone, Diodex, Hexadrol, Maxidex. For which conditions is this drug approved? Dexamethasone is used in combination with other agents for the treatment of myeloma and lymphomas. Dexamethasone may also be used to help prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting, to reduce swelling and related pressure, or as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is important for patients to remember that physicians have the ability to prescribe medication for conditions other than those for which the drug has been approved by the FDA. Patients who have received a prescription of this drug for a condition other than which it is approved may wish to discuss this issue with their physician.. What is the mechanism of action? Dexamethasone is referred to as a glucocorticoid or corticosteroid. Dexamethasone may produce anti-cancer effects through several speculated mechanisms. One such mechanism may be the inhibition of inflammatory agents in the body, which have been implicated in the development or growth ...

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Serious Neurologic Adverse Reactions with Epidural Administration Serious neurologic events, some resulting in death, have been reported with epidural injection of corticosteroids. Specific events reported include, but are not limited to, spinal cord infarction, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cortical blindness, and stroke. These serious neurologic events have been reported with and without use of fluoroscopy. The safety and effectiveness of epidural administration of corticosteroids has not been established, and corticosteroids are not approved for this use. Because rare instances of anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients receiving parenteral corticosteroid therapy, appropriate precautionary measures should be taken prior to administration, especially when the patient has a history of allergy to any drug. Anaphylactoid and hypersensitivity reactions have been reported for dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS).. Corticosteroids may exacerbate systemic fungal ...

Serious Neurologic Adverse Reactions with Epidural Administration Serious neurologic events, some resulting in death, have been reported with epidural injection of corticosteroids. Specific events reported include, but are not limited to, spinal cord infarction, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cortical blindness, and stroke. These serious neurologic events have been reported with and without use of fluoroscopy. The safety and effectiveness of epidural administration of corticosteroids has not been established, and corticosteroids are not approved for this use. Because rare instances of anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients receiving parenteral corticosteroid therapy, appropriate precautionary measures should be taken prior to administration, especially when the patient has a history of allergy to any drug. Anaphylactoid and hypersensitivity reactions have been reported for dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS).. Corticosteroids may exacerbate systemic fungal ...

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Drugs may be covered by multiple patents or regulatory protections. All trademarks and applicant names are the property of their respective owners or licensors. Although great care is taken in the proper and correct provision of this service, thinkBiotech LLC does not accept any responsibility for possible consequences of errors or omissions in the provided data. The data presented herein is for information purposes only. There is no warranty that the data contained herein is error free. thinkBiotech performs no independent verifification of facts as provided by public sources nor are attempts made to provide legal or investing advice. Any reliance on data provided herein is done solely at the discretion of the user. Users of this service are advised to seek professional advice and independent confirmation before considering acting on any of the provided information. thinkBiotech LLC reserves the right to amend, extend or withdraw any part or all of the offered service without notice. ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Extrahypothalamic CRH and its receptors change tyrosine hydroxylase expression after neonatal dexamethasone treatment. AU - Sukhareva, E. V.. AU - Lanshakov, D.. AU - Kalinina, T.. AU - Bulygina, V.. AU - Dygalo, N.. PY - 2019/12. Y1 - 2019/12. U2 - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.438. DO - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.438. M3 - Meeting Abstract. VL - 29. SP - S301-S302. JO - European Neuropsychopharmacology. JF - European Neuropsychopharmacology. SN - 0924-977X. T2 - 32nd Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP). Y2 - 7 September 2019 through 10 September 2019. ER - ...

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Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are more resistant to dexamethasone toxicity than are normal cells. We now report that, when fibroblasts cultured from obligate CF heterozygotes are exposed to dexamethasone, they have an intermediate survival compared to normal and homozygous CF cells. When dexamethasone survival was tested on cells from four patients undergoing amniocentesis, cells from a woman at risk of producing a child with CF showed significant dexamethasone resistance, similar to that of fibroblasts derived from lnown CF homozygotes; the other amniotic cell specimens showed dexamethasone sensitivity similar to that of normal skin fibroblasts. These data suggest that the dexamethasone resistance previously observed in skin fibroblasts may also be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of CF. ...

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate is indicated as a rapid adrenal glucocorticoid and/or anti-inflammatory agent. Each ml contains 4 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate, equivalent to 3 mg dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid and possesses

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Therefore, taking dexamethasone should reduce ACTH level and lead to a decreased cortisol level. The diagnosis of Cushings syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 2. You can get abnormal results mainly due to a tumor in your pituitary gland that produces ACTH, adrenal tumor that releases cortisol, or tumor in the body that leads to the excessive production of ACTH.In this situation, you will have to go for the high-dose test if you havent already done it. Give dexamethasone over 48 hours in doses of 0.5 mg, beginning at 9 AM on day one, at six-hour intervals for a total of eight doses. Procedure: High dose dexamethasone suppression test. An ACTH blood test may tell more about certain causes of high cortisol levels.Even if you have Cushing syndrome, you may get different results depending on the condition thats causing the problem.Even when your test gives abnormalresult, your doctor may still order ...

Although dexamethasone may be a beneficial adjunct to surgery in terms of its antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects, a team of researchers from Thomas Jefferson University Hospital has found that it may have a darker side, particularly in diabetic patients.. A pilot study concluded that dexamethasone administration was associated with significant postoperative hyperglycemia in these patients when undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which ultimately may lead to poorer outcomes.. Dexamethasone is routinely requested by our ENT [ear, nose and throat] surgeons, said Adam Setren, MD, a resident at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, in Philadelphia. From the anesthesia literature, we know it is a key component in the prevention of nausea and vomiting. From a surgical perspective, theres a commonly held conception-and some evidence to suggest-that it improves operating conditions, decreases inflammation, and may be associated with decreased bleeding and operative times, ...

This study was planned to determine whether a short period dexamethasone treatment induce alveolar bone loss or not, therefore, twenty six male albino rabbits were divided into three groups as follow: Test groups I (10 rabbits) received 1.56 mg/kg dexamethasone intraperitoneal injection daily for two weeks, test group II (10 rabbits) received 3.12 mg/kg dexamethasone intraperitoneal injection daily, and the control group (6 rabbits) received saline solution for same period. The animals were sacrificed and histological sections were prepared from the alveolar bone of molar areas of mandible, as well as morphometric analysis of osteoclasts number was performed. The results showed a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts, which indicates that bone loss, is quite inevitable secondary to dexamethasone treatment even in a short period of treatment for two weeks.

Among patients with glioblastoma receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor, those who received the corticosteroid dexamethasone at baseline for cerebral edema…

Acute and sub chronic effects of oral dexamethasone on anxiety and memory in mice were evaluated using the elevated plus maze, Y maze and radial arm maze. Adult male Swiss albino mice assigned to five groups were given vehicle (normal saline), a standard drug (Diazepam or Scopolamine) or one of three selected doses of dexamethasone (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) daily for a period of 14 days. Behavioral tests were carried out on days 1 and 14 after administration. Results were analysed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a posthoc test (Student-Newman-Keul) and expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Elevated plus maze test showed a significant reduction in the time spent in the open arm and in the number of open arm entries compared to control. Results of radial arm and Y maze tasks showed an improvement in spatial memory following dexamethasone administration. Y maze locomotor activity was significantly increased, although radial arm maze exploration did not increase significantly. The study concluded that oral

CAH is a genetic steroidogenesis disorder. The most common form, 21OHD, leads to cortisol deficiency and, in turn, an excess of androgen, a hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. As a result of this androgen excess, prepubescent males and newborn, prepubescent, and grown females exhibit mature masculine characteristics. Prenatal treatment with dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that decreases androgen levels, has been shown to prevent the development of abnormal genitalia in female infants. The long-term effects of this treatment, however, have not been evaluated. This study will determine whether prenatal dexamethasone treatment causes any long-term side effects by examining children and young adults who received dexamethasone as fetuses and their mothers, who were exposed to dexamethasone while pregnant.. This study has three parts. In Part 1 of the study, participants will provide written consent for release of their medical records from their ...

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) injection of liposomally encapsulated dexamethasone phosphate (DxM-P) in comparison to free DxM-P in rats with established adjuvant arthritis (AA). This study focused on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-free liposomes, to minimize known allergic reactions caused by neutral PEG-modified (PEG-ylated) liposomes. Efficacy was assessed clinically and histologically using standard scores. Non-specific and specific immune parameters were monitored. Activation of peritoneal macrophages was analyzed via cytokine profiling. Pharmacokinetics/biodistribution of DxM in plasma, synovial membrane, spleen and liver were assessed via mass spectrometry. Liposomal DxM-P (3 × 1 mg/kg body weight; administered intravenously (i.v.) on Days 14, 15 and 16 of AA) suppressed established AA, including histological signs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, circulating anti-mycobacterial IgG, and production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)

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We present a pooled update of two large, multicenter MM-009 and MM-010 placebo-controlled randomized phase III trials that included 704 patients and assessed lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus dexamethasone plus placebo in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Patients in both studies were randomized to receive 25 mg daily oral lenalidomide or identical placebo, plus 40 mg oral dexamethasone. In this pooled analysis, using data up to unblinding (June 2005 for MM-009 and August 2005 for MM-010), treatment with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone significantly improved overall response (60.6 vs 21.9%, P|0.001), complete response rate (15.0 vs 2.0%, P|0.001), time to progression (median of 13.4 vs 4.6 months, P|0.001) and duration of response (median of 15.8 months vs 7 months, P|0.001) compared with dexamethasone-placebo. At a median follow-up of 48 months for surviving patients, using data up to July 2008, a significant benefit in overall survival (median of 38.0 vs 31.6 months, P=0

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of early dexamethasone therapy on pulmonary mechanics and chronic lung disease in very low birth weight infants. T2 - A randomized, controlled trial. AU - Durand, M.. AU - Sardesai, S.. AU - McEvoy, C.. PY - 1995/4/24. Y1 - 1995/4/24. N2 - Objective. To determine the changes in pulmonary mechanics before and during early dexamethasone therapy, and to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on the duration of mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight (VLBW) ventilator-dependent infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods. A prospective randomized trial was conducted. Forty-three patients (birth weight 600 to 1500 g, gestational age 24 to 32 weeks) who failed to be weaned from the respirator at 7 to 14 days of age were enrolled; 23 infants received a 7-day course of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day intravenously for 3 days, 0.25 mg/kg/day for 3 days, and 0.1 mg/kg/day for 1 day), and 20 patients were in the control group. At similar mean airway pressure (MAP) and ...

The diagnosis of Cushings syndrome is usually made clinically. However to differentiate between adrenal cause and pituitary cause, tests may be required. The most common screening test to establish increased serum cortisol levels is to do 24 hours urine estimation of free cortisol. Normally, the levels are between 20-70 µg/sqm, however in case of Cushings syndrome, urinary free cortisol is elevated. To find out the cause, your doctor may do blood ACTH levels and high dose dexamethasone suppression test. In case of pituitary tumors, ACTH levels will be elevated. In case of adrenal tumors, ACTH levels will be decreased. High dose dexamethasone tests consists of given high dose dexamethasone 6 hourly for 48 hours and then doing urinary free cortisol on 2nd day. In case of suppression of secretion of cortisol in urine, it suggests a pituitary cause and in case of non suppression, it suggests adrenal cause ...

Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior thalidomide exposure.

TY - JOUR. T1 - A randomized, double-blind, parallel, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramosetron plus dexamethasone injection for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. AU - Ho, Ching Liang. AU - Su, Wu Chou. AU - Hsieh, Ruey Kuen. AU - Lin, Zhong Zhe. AU - Chao, Tsu Yi. PY - 2009/12/20. Y1 - 2009/12/20. N2 - Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ramosetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: Cancer patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy containing either of the four drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin or oxaliplatin) were enrolled. They were randomized to receive intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg or granisetron 3 mg plus dexamethasone 20 mg 30 min before chemotherapy on day 1. The primary efficacy parameter is complete response rate, which was defined by the proportion of patients without vomiting and no requirement for rescue drugs within ...

Background:Dexamethasone may improve multimodal pain management following painful orthopedic day surgery procedures, and decrease the need for post-operative opioids. We hypothesized that dexamethasone would reduce the need for oxycodone after surgical correction of hallux valgus.Methods:Sixty patie

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dexamethasone treatment of calves latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 leads to activation of the bICP0 early promoter, in part by the cellular transcription factor C/EBP-alpha. AU - Workman, Aspen. AU - Perez, Sandra. AU - Doster, Alan. AU - Jones, Clinton. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) are the primary site for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) latency. During latency, viral gene expression is restricted to the latency-related (LR) gene and the open reading frame ORF-E. We previously constructed an LR mutant virus that expresses LR RNA but not any of the known LR proteins. In contrast to calves latently infected with wild-type (wt) BHV-1 or the LR rescued virus, the LR mutant virus does not reactivate from latency following dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that bICP0, but not bICP4, transcripts were consistently detected in TG of calves infected with the LR mutant or LR rescued virus following DEX ...

Results We found 11 papers comparing dexamethasone to prednisolone of which 8 were controlled trials, one was a retrospective cohort study and two were meta-analyses. There was significant heterogeneity of dosage and method of administration of dexamethasone, including intramuscular, nebulised and oral routes. We analysed four controlled studies of oral dexamethasone, as this was our preferred route. Details of the four studies can be found in Table 1. All of the studies found that dexamethasone was non-inferior to prednisolone. One study compared a single 0.6mg/kg dose of dexamethasone with 5 days of prednisolone, two studies compared two daily 0.6mg/kg doses of dexamethasone with 5 days of prednisolone and the most recent study compared a single 0.3mg/kg dose of dexamethasone with 3 days of prednisolone. Most of the studies have some limitations which may affect the validity of the results. ...

The potential advantages of using ultrasound for drug, gene, and protein delivery, using parameters that cause cavitation and streaming effects, have been confirmed in different experimental studies [24, 28, 32]. Cavitation is known as the creation, oscillation, and collapse of gas bubbles due to acoustic waves [33-35]. It is stated to be the main mechanism responsible for promoting drug delivery through the skin [32, 36]. There are two types of cavitation: stable and inertial. Stable cavitation is defined as the uniform pulsation of bubbles over long time intervals [33], and the oscillation of these bubbles can produce mechanical stresses that may cause cell membrane rupture [37]. In the case of inertial cavitation, collapse of the bubbles causes shock waves and microjets to be generated near the cells, thus producing pits in the cell membranes [38, 39]. The effect of inertial cavitation is greater at lower frequencies because bubbles have more time to grow, which results in a more violent ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrogen peroxide signaling is required for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells. AU - Tome, Margaret E.. AU - Jaramillo, Melba C.. AU - Briehl, Margaret M.. PY - 2011/12/1. Y1 - 2011/12/1. N2 - Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis is exploited clinically for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Determining the required molecular events for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis will identify resistance mechanisms and suggest strategies for overcoming resistance. In this study, we found that glucocorticoid treatment of WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells increased the steady-state [H 2O 2] and oxidized the intracellular redox environment before cytochrome c release. Removal of glucocorticoids after the H 2O 2 increase resulted in a 30% clonogenicity; treatment with PEG-CAT increased clonogenicity to 65%. Human leukemia cell lines also showed increased H 2O 2 in response to glucocorticoids and attenuated apoptosis after PEG-CAT treatment. WEHI7.2 cells that overexpress ...

We examined the direct effects of glucocorticoid treatment on neutrophil survival and function in vitro. Four different glucocorticoids caused a dose-dependent inhibition of apoptosis leading to increased survival of neutrophils. Maximal effects were found with dexamethasone at 10(-6) M, 16.6 +/- 6.2 vs 54.6 +/- 6.9, at 24 h (p , 0.05). Nonglucocorticoid steroids did not modulate apoptosis in neutrophils. Furthermore, the effect was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486. Glucocorticoid-treated neutrophils produced significantly more superoxide in response to FMLP than untreated controls (p , 0.05). However, both basal and stimulated superoxide production were less than that found with freshly isolated cells. Such lack of priming or activation by glucocorticoids is in contrast to previous experience when increased survival was accompanied by cell activation. When compared with other stimuli, the effect of glucocorticoids at 24 h was similar to that of LPS ...

Glucocorticoids are commonly used in treatment of paediatric diseases, but evidence of associated adverse cerebral effects is accumulating. The various pharmacokinetic profiles of the exogenous glucocorticoids and the changes in pharmacodynamics during childhood, result in different exposure of nervous tissue to exogenous glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids activate two types of intracellular receptors, the mineralocorticoid receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. The two receptors differ in cerebral distribution, affinity and effects. Exogenous glucocorticoids favor activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, which is associated with unfavorable cellular outcomes. Prenatal treatment with glucocorticoids can compromise brain growth and is associated with periventricular leukomalacia, attentions deficits and poorer cognitive performance. In the neonatal period exposure to glucocorticoids reduces neurogenesis and cerebral volume, impairs memory and increases the incidence of cerebral palsy. Cerebral ...

We have recently found that ketoconazole inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis; in this paper we investigated whether imidazole antimycotic drugs additionally interact with glucocorticoid receptor sites in target tissues. Our approach was to assess the ability of three drugs: ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and RS 49910, to inhibit [3H]dexamethasone binding to hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cell cytosol. The results indicated dose-dependent, competitive displacement of [3H]dexamethasone binding that was in the potency sequence: clotrimazole greater than ketoconazole greater than RS 49910. We then examined the functional response of this binding by measuring tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity in HTC cells. The antimycotics did not exhibit TAT agonist activity and inhibition of basal enzyme levels was not detected. However, the drugs were potent antagonists of dexamethasone-induced TAT activity and the effect was temporally reversible. This antagonist activity was in the same sequence and closely ...

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Insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant in alveolar type II cells is relevant to many lung diseases. To cure its deficiency, glucocorticoid is commonly used in clinical areas. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the secretion of phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant, in a primary culture of rat alveolar type II cells. Dexamethasone had no effect on the basal secretion rate of phosphatidylcholine. Dexamethasone augmented both the phosphatidylcholine secretion and the cyclic AMP formation increased by terbutaline. Furthermore, dexamethasone increased the number of β-adrenoceptors and mRNA expression of β,SUB,2,/SUB,-adrenoceptors in type II cells. These findings indicate that dexamethasone increases pulmonary surfactant secretion through an enhancement of β,SUB,2,/SUB,-adrenoceptor gene expression.. ...

1. High dose dexamethasone testing. For more than 30 yr HDDST has remained one of the main biochemical tools used in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushings syndrome. The basis of the test relies on the fact that, in most situations, the corticotroph tumor cells in Cushings disease retain some responsiveness to the negative feedback effects of glucocorticoids while tumors ectopically secreting ACTH do not. The standard test was performed on 24-h collections of urine for the measurement of 17-OHCS or UFC, calculating the degree of suppression from day 1 to day 3 after the administration of oral dexamethasone at a dose of 2 mg every 6 h for 48 h. As with the LDDST, several suppression cut-offs that optimally define pituitary disease, in addition to combinations of measurements of different steroids, have been reported. Originally, suppression of urinary 17-OHCS by 50% or greater was reported as being consistent with Cushings disease (60). Although this criterion has no intrinsic ...

President Donald Trumps condition was more serious than originally reported when he went to hospital on Friday evening after testing positive for coronavirus, reports said.. The White House initially said Trump was experiencing mild symptoms of Covid-19, but Trumps chief of staff Mark Meadows told reporters, The Presidents vitals over the last 24 hours were very concerning and the next 48 hours will be critical in terms of his care. We are still not on a clear path to a full recovery, he added.. One of the physicians treating Trump later said that he was treated with the steroid Dexamethasone after oxygen level dropped for two days. White House physician Sean P. Conley then confirmed it.. Dexamethasone is not a drug that is usually given in the mild stage of the disease.. There are reports that the president was doing well and might be discharged from Walter Reed national Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md, on Monday.. The President has no public events scheduled for Monday, according ...

Treatments of brain tumor associated edema with systemically delivered dexamethasone, the standard of care, and cediranib, a novel anti-edema agent, are associated with systemic toxicities in brain tumor patients. A tunable, reservoir-based drug delivery device was developed to investigate the effects of delivering dexamethasone and cediranib locally in the brain in an intracranial 9 L gliosarcoma rat model. Reproducible, sustained releases of both dexamethasone and solid dispersion of cediranib in polyvinylpyrrolidone (AZD/PVP) from these devices were achieved. The water-soluble AZD/PVP, which exhibited similar bioactivity as cediranib, was developed to enhance the release of cediranib from the device. Local and systemic administration of both dexamethasone and cediranib was equally efficacious in alleviating edema but had no effect on tumor growth. Edema reduction led to modest but significant improvement in survival. Local delivery of dexamethasone prevented dexamethasone-induced weight loss, ...

5-fluorouracil and steroids have been used to suppress excessive scar formation after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS). Steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are inhibitors of arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, both limit fibroblast activity and reduce inflammation. In this experiment, the ability of corticosteroid (dexamethasone sodium phosphate), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (piroxicam), lipoxygenase inhibitor (ferulic acid), and dual cyclo/lipoxygenase inhibitor (phenidone) to inhibit human Tenons fibroblast proliferation was evaluated in culture. After human Tenons fibroblast cell lines were established, a complete dose-response curve was done for the representative compounds for 8 days. Fibroblast attachment and proliferation were quantified by Coulter counter, hexosaminidase, and tritiated thymidine uptake assays. All four drugs inhibited attachment and proliferation at high concentrations. Phenidone was the most effective, with inhibition occurring within the ...

Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) pre-mRNA generates two highly homologous isoforms, termed hGR alpha and hGR beta. hGR alpha is a ligand-activated transcription factor which, in the hormone-bound state, modulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes by binding to specific glucocorticoid response element (GRE) DNA sequences. In contrast, hGR beta does not bind glucocorticoids and is transcriptionally inactive. We demonstrate here that hGR beta is able to inhibit the effects of hormone-activated hGR alpha on a glucocorticoid-responsive reporter gene in a concentration-dependent manner. [3H]-Dexamethasone binding studies indicate that hGR beta does not alter the affinity of hGR alpha for its hormonal ligand. The presence of hGR beta in nuclear extracts and its ability to bind to a radiolabeled GRE oligonucleotide suggest that its inhibitory effect may be due to competition for GRE target sites. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis shows expression of hGR ...

Dexamethasone Ampoules Composition: Each ampoule (2 ml) contains: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (equivalent to 8 mg Dexamethasone). Properties and Mechanism of Action: Dexamethasone is a synthetic […]. ...

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Background: The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomitting (PONV) is increased after middle ear surgery and it may complicate and interact with reconstruction after surgery, so prevention and treatment of these complications are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-emetic combinations in decreasing the PONV after middle ear surgery. Materials and methods: This double blind clinical trial was carried out during 2007-2008 on 111 patients of 15-45 years old with ASA I-II who were candidates for elective middle ear surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were divided into three groups. Patients in the ON group received Ondansetrone 0.1mg/kg + Nacl 0.9% 2cc, OD group received Ondansetrone 0.1mg/kg + Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg and MD group received Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg+ Metoclopramide 0.15mg/kg intravenously just before the end of surgery. The patients were evaluated for nausea, vomiting, need of anti-emetic drugs and drug dosage in recovery, 1-6, 6-12 and 12-24

CHILDREN with croup start to improve within 30 minutes of receiving an oral corticosteroid, which is much faster than previously thought, according to new Australian research.. The double-blind trial involved 70 children presenting with croup to the emergency department at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children in Perth. They were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 0.15mg/kg dexamethasone immediately on presentation. After 1 hour, all children received 0.15mg/kg dexamethasone.. After 10 minutes, the Westley croup scores of the children in the immediate dexamethasone treatment group were already trending lower than those in the placebo group. By 30 minutes, the difference in croup scores had reached statistical significance.. The results were presented at last weeks annual scientific meeting of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine held in Sydney.. The study found thatdexamethasone for croup worked much faster than reported by a recent Cochrane Review, which stated that ...

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Pain after orthopedic surgery can be intense. Many anesthesia providers and orthopedic surgeons support the use of peripheral nerve blockade to assist in decreasing the amount of pain a patient may experience post operatively. Select medication adjuncts are being added to peripheral nerve blocks to prolong analgesia. The research presented here focuses on the addition of dexamethasone to peripheral nerve blocks to prolong analgesia. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that acts as an anti-inflammatory. It has been shown to inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as, interleukins and cytokines, facilitating the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, decreasing postoperative pain. Recent evidence demonstrates a potential role of dexamethasone in postoperative pain management, both as a systemic analgesic and as an adjunct to local anesthetics for perineural use. A single preoperative dose of dexamethasone has been shown to be an effective adjunct to reduce postoperative pain and opioid

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of pyramid environment on the wound healing effects of dexamethasone and indomethacin - a comparative study. AU - Surekha, Kamath. PY - 2011/12/1. Y1 - 2011/12/1. N2 - Shapes and angles of The Great Pyramid of Egypt are balanced and renowned for their energy properties. Studies have proved that beneficial effects are found on human health in pyramidal environment. The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of dexamethasone and indomethacin on incision and dead space wound models in rats under the influence of pyramid environment. A wooden pyramid model fabricated locally was used for the study. The parameters chosen were breaking strength of incised wound, breaking strength of granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content and histology. The results showed that the dexamethasone and indomethacin slow down all phases of wound healing and the inhibitory action of dexamethasone on wound healing was stronger than that of indomethacin. Thus pyramid exposure ...

Nausea and vomiting continue to be distressing side effects of cancer chemotherapy. We recently reported (1) a randomized, double-blind study in which a single 10-mg dose of intravenous dexamethasone markedly reduced the gastrointestinal side effects of mildly emetogenic chemotherapy for outpatients with breast cancer. We now report the safety and efficacy of repeated doses of dexamethasone in eliminating the nausea and vomiting of induction chemotherapy for patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.. All patients included in the study were adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (at diagnosis or on relapse) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and were treated with ...

We used a dominant inhibitory mutation of c-Ha-ras which changes Ser-17 to Asn-17 in the gene product p21 [p21(Asn-17)Ha-ras] to investigate ras function in mitogenic signal transduction. An NIH 3T3 cell line [NIH(M17)] was isolated that displayed inducible expression of the mutant Ha-ras gene (Ha-ras Asn-17) via the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat and was growth inhibited by dexamethasone. The effect of dexamethasone induction on response of quiescent NIH(M17) cells to mitogens was then analyzed. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was completely blocked by p21(Asn-17) expression, and stimulation by serum, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor was partially inhibited. However, the induction of fos, jun, and myc by EGF and TPA was not significantly inhibited in this cell line. An effect of p21(Asn-17) on fos induction was, however, demonstrated in transient expression assays in which ...

Wildlife Welfare: The effect of park management factors on glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hippocampus and cortisol levels in hair of fallow deer (Dama dama) from wildlife parks in the UK and in the Netherlands as indicators for chronic ...

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The combination of the investigational histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (Faridak) with bortezomib (Velcade) and dexamethasone was able to recapture responses in 34.5% of heavily pretreated, bortezomib-refractory patients with multiple myeloma in the phase II PANORAMA 2 trial. The 55 patients enrolled at 12 trial sites had a median of four prior regimens, including two prior regimens with bortezomib. The responses at the end of the first treatment phase cycles included 1 near-complete response and 18 partial responses. An additional 10 patients achieved minimal response, for a clinical benefit rate of 52.7%, reported Paul G. Richardson, MD, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and colleagues. The investigators published their results online in Blood.. Responses in the remainder of patients consisted of stable disease in 20 patients (36.4%) and progressive disease in 3 patients (5.5%). Response could not be assessed in the remaining 3 patients (5.5%) due ...

Large parenteral doses of dexamethasone were given to five of ten cats after transorbital occlusion of one middle cerebral artery and to two of four cats after sham operations. Two days later the water content and brain/blood ratios of pertechnetate were measured in samples of cerebral tissue that were categorized as nonischemic, ischemic, or infarcted. Values for infarcted tissue were greater than those for ischemic tissue in untreated cats, but not in cats that received dexamethasone. The drug had no apparent effect in ischemic tissue that was not necrotic. These results help explain inconsistencies in previous studies and help define the potential usefulness of dexamethasone for treatment of cerebrovascular disease.. ...

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Synovial tissue cells from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis bind dexamethasone in a similar fashion to the classical steroid receptors on other cells. In contrast, synovial fluid cells...

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve block (infiltration of local anaesthetic around a nerve) is used for anaesthesia or analgesia. A limitation to its use for postoperative analgesia is that the analgesic effect lasts only a few hours, after which moderate to severe pain at the surgical site may result in the need for alternative analgesic therapy. Several adjuvants have been used to prolong the analgesic duration of peripheral nerve block, including perineural or intravenous dexamethasone. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of perineural dexamethasone versus placebo, intravenous dexamethasone versus placebo, and perineural dexamethasone versus intravenous dexamethasone when added to peripheral nerve block for postoperative pain control in people undergoing surgery ...

We tested the effects of DP on erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in progenitor cells from preterm infants and adults. The concentrations of DP included in the culture dishes ranged from 10−6 M to 10−9M. Studies on the pharmacokinetics of DP in preterm infants have shown that the plasma concentrations reached following DP administrations are in the order of magnitude of 10−6 M to 10−8M.7 It is not known, however, whether these concentrations will be achieved in the bone marrow, nor whether interactions with other hormones or mediators in the bone milieu will influence the effect of DP on haematopoietic progenitors. In our experimental conditions DP showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on both erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage colonies derived from progenitor cells of preterm infants. CFU-E colonies were the most affected, with significant reductions observed at all concentrations of DP. This profound reduction in erythroid colonies was not apparent with bone ...

Read Dexamethasone treatment in vitro resulted in different responses of two fractions of phagocytes of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix, Russian Journal of Marine Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

We have demonstrated the dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DmNaP) is delivered most efficiently from the negative electrode by iontophoresis, but, under certain conditions, the delivery from the positive electrode by electroosmosis can be accomplished. The laboratory data indicate that more dexamethasone is delivered per mA-min by iontophoresis than by electtoomosis, thus the same amount of drug can be administered in a shorter time from the negative electrode. Electrodes containing a hydrogel material, which restricts bulk water transport, delivered DmNaP most efficiently from the electrode of a negative polarity. When DmNaP is to be delivered in a mixture with another drug such as lidocaine, selection of the clinical treatment protocol depends on the desired therapeutic effect on the iontophoreic electrode which is to be used. When minimization of total treatment time is not critical, switching polarity of the electrode during the treatment can be used to administer drugs of opposite polarity ...

There are no specific protocols for Human Glucocorticoid Receptor alpha peptide (ab39764). Please download our general protocols booklet

The study was conducted under the supervision of Associate Professor Samuel and Dr Simon Royce of the Monash Lung Biology Network,1 focusing on the effects of CymerusTM MSCs in combination with or in comparison to the corticosteroid dexamethasone, which is commonly used to treat exacerbations of asthma in human patients. The study used a well-established mouse model of chronic allergic airways disease that closely resembles asthma in humans. This part of the study focused on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which is a key clinical manifestation of asthma.. Initial results from this study have demonstrated that, as expected, treatment with dexamethasone alone significantly improved AHR compared to untreated controls (p,0.05). However, treatment with either Cymerus™ MSCs alone, or Cymerus™ MSCs in combination with dexamethasone, resulted in a substantially greater suppression of AHR, which was significantly superior to that seen with dexamethasone treatment alone (p,0.01). All treatments were ...

Cico S. Cico S Cico, Stephen John.. Single Dose Oral Dexamethasone for Pediatric Asthma - Is It an Alternative to the 5-day Prednisone or Prednisolone Burst?. To the Point: Clinical Reviews Tintinalli JE. Tintinalli J.E. Tintinalli, Judith E. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2016, http://accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/updatesContent.aspx?gbosid=367734§ionid=159414917. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Glucocorticoid receptor in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. T2 - A simple method for leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor characterization. AU - Murakami, Tohru. AU - Brandon, David. AU - Rodbard, David. AU - Loriaux, Donald (Lynn). AU - Lipsett, Mortimer B.. PY - 1979. Y1 - 1979. N2 - Glucocorticoid receptors of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have been characterized and compared with those of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). Cytosol receptors from PMN and MNL have similar binding affinities for [3H]-dexamethasone (Dex). nearly superimposable sedimentation profiles on sucrose density gradients, and similar elution patterns from DEAE-Sephadex. Thus, the glucocorticoid receptors of MNL and PMN have similar biochemical properties. We have developed a simple method for preparing leukocytes from 20 ml of blood to characterize and quantify the glucocorticoid receptor. The Scatchard analysis of [3H]-Dex binding to intact leukocytes shows a single class of binding sites; the apparent Kd was ...

This work is composed by two parts that will be presented separately as follows: Assessment of swelling of PLGA based implants and drug release at the site of administration: The aim of this study was to investigate the counter-pressure of adipose tissue. Force-distance curves were used to measure the required force to squeeze out a certain volume of water in the balloon. Three catheters with different volumes were placed in the air and in the tissue (chicken and pork tissue). The counter-pressure of adipose tissue on implants was higher as bigger as the implants were. Implant formulations which tend to swell more, will be more suppressed by surrounding tissue at the site of administration and, consequently, the drug release of these formulations will decrease. Thus, the swelling of PLGA based implants and drug release at the site of administration were investigated. Two different loading of dexamethasone sodium phosphate implants were prepared (10% and 30%). The implants containing 10% and 30% ...