TY - JOUR. T1 - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promoter methylation and cortical thickness in recurrent major depressive disorder. AU - Na, Kyoung Sae. AU - Won, Eunsoo. AU - Kang, June. AU - Chang, Hun Soo. AU - Yoon, Ho-Kyoung. AU - Tae, Woo Suk. AU - Kim, Yong Ku. AU - Lee, Min-Soo. AU - Joe, Sook Haeng. AU - Kim, Hyun. AU - Ham, Byung-Joo. PY - 2016/2/15. Y1 - 2016/2/15. N2 - Recent studies have reported that methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene promoter is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to investigate the association between cortical thickness and methylation of BDNF promoters as well as serum BDNF levels in MDD. The participants consisted of 65 patients with recurrent MDD and 65 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. Methylation of BDNF promoters and cortical thickness were compared between the groups. The right medial orbitofrontal, right lingual, right lateral occipital, left lateral orbitofrontal, left pars ...

There is substantial evidence that cognitive therapy is an effective intervention for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although dynamic psychotherapies have been widely studied and are commonly practiced worldwide, there are few randomized comparisons of cognitive therapy and dynamic therapy for major depressive disorder. We are completing data collection on a randomized non-inferiority trial comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and short-term dynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder in the community mental health setting. Therapists employed in the community setting have been recruited for training in either short-term dynamic psychotherapy or cognitive therapy. Patients seeking services at the community site who meet criteria for major depressive disorder based on a blind independent diagnostic interview are randomized to 16 sessions of treatment. All patients are assessed at baseline and months 1, 2, 4, and 5 utilizing a comprehensive battery. This

Abstract: Research has shown that nocturia and major depressive disorder are often correlated. The clinician should take a complete history along with performing a physical examination when patients present with symptoms that may be associated with nocturia. Patients rarely seek medical attention solely for treatment of nocturia, so direct questions along with use of the Frequency Volume Chart (FVC) should be used to assess whether underlying disorders or conditions are present. Clinicians should also be alert to the possible presence of nocturia in patients who suffer from major depressive disorder since nocturia rates for this population is significantly higher. Behavioural modifications alone may be insufficient to improve nocturia where clinically depressive symptoms are also present. Pharmacological treatments may provide improvement when nocturia and major depressive disorder are both present ...

Lu AA21004 was discovered by H. Lundbeck A/S, and is under co-development by H. Lundbeck A/S and Takeda for the treatment of major depressive disorder and general anxiety disorder.. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurring disease with considerable morbidity in the general population. The estimated lifetime prevalence of major depression in the adult population is 5 to 25%, with approximately 2-fold higher prevalence in women than in men. The hallmark of the disease is a depressed mood, with additional symptoms including sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, sexual dysfunction, weight loss, concentration difficulties and delusional ideas. In addition to direct ill effects, MDD causes suicide or job loss and exerts indirect influence on social economy.. This long-term extension study will assess the safety and efficacy of 52-week treatment with Lu AA21004 in participants with major depressive disorder after completion of the 8-week double-blind treatment period ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Does major depressive disorder with somatic delusions constitute a distinct subtype of major depressive disorder with psychotic features?. AU - Kamara, Taafoi S.. AU - Whyte, Ellen M.. AU - Mulsant, Benoit H.. AU - Peasley-Miklus, Catherine. AU - Rothschild, Anthony J.. AU - Flint, Alastair J.. AU - Heo, Moonseong. AU - Papademetriou, Eros. AU - Mathis, Erin R.. AU - Meyers, Barnett S.. PY - 2009/1/1. Y1 - 2009/1/1. N2 - Background: Among patients with major depression with psychotic features, little is known about the extent to which those with and without somatic delusions differ. Methods: The first 183 participants in the STOP-PD study were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of somatic delusions and were compared on multiple demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: In the multivariate analysis, those with somatic delusions reported more somatic symptoms, rated their health as worse, and were less likely to have persecutory delusions. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Axis III disorders in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. AU - Papakostas, George I.. AU - Petersen, Timothy. AU - Iosifescu, Dan V.. AU - Roffi, Pamela A.. AU - Alpert, Jonathan E.. AU - Rosenbaum, Jerrold F.. AU - Fava, Maurizio. AU - Nierenberg, Andrew A.. N1 - Funding Information: The research reported was supported in part by grant R29 MH46952 (AAN) from the National Institute of Mental Health. PY - 2003/5/30. Y1 - 2003/5/30. N2 - A number of naturalistic studies have found that medical co-morbidity conveys a worse long-term prognosis in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to test whether the presence of co-morbid medical conditions can predict clinical response in patients with treatment-resistant MDD (TRD) treated with open-label nortriptyline (NT). Ninety-two patients with TRD entered a 6-week open trial of NT. The presence of co-morbid medical disorders was assessed during the screen visit. The degree of medical ...

Looking for online definition of major depressive episode in the Medical Dictionary? major depressive episode explanation free. What is major depressive episode? Meaning of major depressive episode medical term. What does major depressive episode mean?

Background: In a previous prospective study of 300 consecutive new attenders at neurology outpatient clinics, depressive disorders were diagnosed in 119 patients (40%) and major depressive disorder in 77 (26%).. Objective: To describe the eight month outcome of depression in this cohort.. Methods: Patients were reinterviewed eight months after their baseline assessment. Mental state was examined using the primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) interview and the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) self rating scale. Health status was measured using the medical outcome study 36 item short form scale (SF-36).. Results: Of the original cohort of 300, 226 (75%) participated in the follow up. Among them, 88 had a depressive disorder at baseline and 69 (78%) of those were still depressed at follow up; 54 had major depression at baseline and 46 (85%) of those still had a major depressive disorder at follow up. Among the 138 patients who had no depression at baseline, 20 new major ...

Adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety symptoms: post hoc analyses of three placebo-controlled studies Michael E Thase,1 Emmanuelle Weiller,2 Peter Zhang,3 Catherine Weiss,4 Roger S McIntyre5 1Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2Medical Affairs, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Biostatistics Department, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA; 4Global Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA; 5Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Objective: Episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD) characterized by high levels of anxiety symptoms are less likely to respond to some forms of antidepressant treatment (ADT). This report examines the effects of adjunctive

TY - JOUR. T1 - Polygenic Scores for Major Depressive Disorder and Risk of Alcohol Dependence. AU - Andersen, Allan M.. AU - Pietrzak, Robert H.. AU - Kranzler, Henry R.. AU - Ma, Li. AU - Zhou, Hang. AU - Liu, Xiaoming. AU - Kramer, John. AU - Kuperman, Samuel. AU - Edenberg, Howard. AU - Nurnberger, John. AU - Rice, John P.. AU - Tischfield, Jay A.. AU - Goate, Alison. AU - Foroud, Tatiana. AU - Meyers, Jacquelyn L.. AU - Porjesz, Bernice. AU - Dick, Danielle M.. AU - Hesselbrock, Victor. AU - Boerwinkle, Eric. AU - Southwick, Steven M.. AU - Krystal, John H.. AU - Weissman, Myrna M.. AU - Levinson, Douglas F.. AU - Potash, James B.. AU - Gelernter, Joel. AU - Han, Shizhong. PY - 2017/11/1. Y1 - 2017/11/1. N2 - Importance: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol dependence (AD) are heritable disorders with significant public health burdens, and they are frequently comorbid. Common genetic factors that influence the co-occurrence of MDD and AD have been sought in family, twin, and adoption ...

Background: Severity of anxiety does not appear to influence the antidepressant response to fluoxetine during acute treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We report a retrospective pooled analysis of 2 studies to assess the effect of associated anxiety on the efficacy of fluoxetine in the continuation treatment phase of MDD. Method: Patients whose MDD remitted (study 1) or responded (study 2) after approximately 12 to 13 weeks of open-label treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg daily were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to placebo, continued treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg daily, or, in study 2 only, treatment with enteric-coated fluoxetine 90 mg once weekly, for at least 25 weeks. Both studies included male and female outpatients who met criteria for MDD as assessed by DSM-III-R (study 1) or DSM-IV (study 2). Patients were categorized into high anxiety (,= 7) or low anxiety (, 7) subgroups based on baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) anxiety/somatization subfactor ...

The use of antidepressants was also associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), but this association was dependent on the persons weight and site of bone measurement.. Osteoporosis is a common disorder and an underlying factor in fragility fractures. Especially in women, the menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis. Other risk factors include low levels of physical activity, smoking, low intake of calcium and vitamin D, as well as some medications and diseases. In the elderly, susceptibility to fracture and serious hip fractures can result in long-term hospitalization and decreased state of health.. Previous studies have shown that also depression is associated with lower bone density. This might be due to the effects of depression-induced long-term stress and increased secretion of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used to treat depression have been shown to weaken bone health. However, the majority of studies has focused on ...

Background and Objectives. Several gene variants have been related to major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment outcomes; however, few studies have investigated a possible different effect on pharmacotherapy and brief psychotherapy response. Methods. A total of 137 MDD patients were randomized to either interpersonal counseling (IPC; n = 40) or anti-depressant pharmacological treatment (n = 97). Outcomes were remission, response, and symptom improvement at week 8. Five genetic variants were investigated (5HTR2A rs6314, BDNF rs6265, SLC6A4 rs8076005, CREB1 rs2253206, and TPH2 rs11179023) as possible modulators of outcomes. Results. The LC6A4 rs8076005 AA genotype and A allele were associated with response rate in the antidepressant group (p = 0.015 and 0.005, respectively) and in the whole sample (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). In the IPC group a non-significant trend in the same direction was observed. The TPH2 rs11179023 A allele showed a marginal association with symptom improvement in the ...

Atypical depression is basically a subtype of clinical depression. It exhibits less severe and fewer number of symptoms than clinical depression. This type of depression differs from major depression. The patient may also experience moments of happiness sometimes.. The symptoms of atypical depression may last for months or even stay forever. The mood of the patients is governed by the outside events like success or failure, etc.. Causes of Atypical Depression. Chemical imbalance in the brain is responsible for causing Depression in the patients. The changes in the level of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and nor-epinephrine are supposed to cause depression.. Risk factors for Atypical Depression. ...

Leo Sher, M.D.. Ten years ago, our research paper, Depressed patients with co-occurring alcohol use disorders: a unique patient population was published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (1). We compared depressed subjects with and without co-occurring alcohol use disorder with respect to demographic and clinical parameters.. 505 individuals were enrolled in the study. 318 subjects who had major depressive disorder without a history of any alcohol or substance abuse/dependence were compared to 187 individuals who had major depressive disorder and a history of alcohol abuse/dependence.. Individuals with major depressive disorder and a history of alcohol abuse/dependence were younger at their first psychiatric hospitalization, their first major depressive episode, and their first suicide attempt. They reported more previous major depressive episodes, suicide attempts, and recent life events; and had higher lifetime aggression, impulsivity, and hostility scores. Patients with major depressive ...

Cymbalta is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The efficacy of Cymbalta has been established in 8- and 9-week placebo-controlled trials of outpatients who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.. A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, or a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation. The effectiveness of Cymbalta in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder has not been studied. The effectiveness of Cymbalta in long-term use for major depressive disorder, that is, for more than ...

Peripartum onset is specified if the onset to symptoms occurs during pregnancy or 4 weeks following delivery. Postpartum mood (major depressive or manic) occurs in 1 in 500 to 1 in 1000 deliveries. The risk of postpartum with psychotic features is increased for women with a history of depression, bipolar disorder or a family history of bipolar (DSM-5). Additional specifies include anxious distress, mixed features, melancholic, atypical features, mood-incongruent psychotic features, mood-congruent psychotic features, catatonia, and seasonal pattern.. The incidence of Major Depressive disorder in 18 to 20 year olds is three times that of 60 year olds. Onset is more common in adolescence, but can appear at any age. Females are diagnosed with depression 1.5 to 3 times more than males (DSM-5). People with depression are at risk of suicide, especially if they have made attempts or threats in the past. According to DSM-5. high levels of negativity, a difficult childhood, and life stressors like divorce ...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe form of depression. MDD can significantly interfere with an individuals thoughts, behavior, mood, and physical health. People who suffer from MDD often experience feelings of worthlessness; they may feel hopeless and may be unable to cope with problems in their life. In addition, they often experience sleep disruption, loss of appetite, and chronic pain.. Antidepressant medications are often prescribed for treating MDD; however, 30% to 40% of individuals fail to respond adequately to medication. Preliminary research has shown that lower levels of brain energy metabolism are often associated with MDD. No studies have yet shown whether there is a difference in brain energy metabolism between individuals who respond well to antidepressants versus those who do not. Escitalopram is an antidepressant medication often used to treat MDD. It causes a calming effect and reduces anxiety by increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain. This study will compare ...

There are several forms of depressive disorders. The most common are major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder.. Major depressive disorder, also called major depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a persons ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. An episode of major depression may occur only once in a persons lifetime, but more often, it recurs throughout a persons life.. Dysthymic disorder, also called dysthymia, is characterized by long-term (two years or longer) but less severe symptoms that may not disable a person but can prevent one from functioning normally or feeling well. People with dysthymia may also experience one or more episodes of major depression during their lifetimes.. Some forms of depressive disorder exhibit slightly different characteristics than those described above, or they may develop under unique ...

There are several forms of depressive disorders. The most common are major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder.. Major depressive disorder, also called major depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a persons ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. An episode of major depression may occur only once in a persons lifetime, but more often, it recurs throughout a persons life.. Dysthymic disorder, also called dysthymia, is characterized by long-term (two years or longer) but less severe symptoms that may not disable a person but can prevent one from functioning normally or feeling well. People with dysthymia may also experience one or more episodes of major depression during their lifetimes.. Some forms of depressive disorder exhibit slightly different characteristics than those described above, or they may develop under unique ...

On September 30, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Brintellix (vortioxetine) to treat adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Six clinical studies in which adults with MDD were randomly assigned to receive Brintellix or placebo demonstrated that Brintellix is effective in treating depression, according to the FDA press release. An additional study showed Brintellix decreased the likelihood of participants becoming depressed again after treatment of their MDD episode. Brintellix is co-marketed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Lundbeck, both based in Deerfield, Ill. Studies were conducted in the United States and other countries, and included more than 4,700 patients aged 18 to 88 years. The clinical trial program included six positive 6-8 week short-term studies, one of which was a dedicated study in the elderly. Takeda and Lundbeck report that the primary efficacy measure was the mean change from baseline to endpoint in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) total score in two ...

This trial evaluated the efficacy of sertraline in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder. The primary outcome was the Hamilton Rating Scale for

Background: Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder are among the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in Canada; both are associated with a high societal and economic burden. Treatment for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder consists of pharmacological and psychological interventions. Three commonly used psychological interventions are cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, and supportive therapy. The objectives of this report were to assess the effectiveness and safety of these types of therapy for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder, to assess the cost-effectiveness of structured psychotherapy (CBT or interpersonal therapy), to calculate the budget impact of publicly funding structured psychotherapy, and to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of people with major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder ...

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this association have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess whether MDD was related with vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 156 patients (116 men, 40 women) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was performed. A blood sample was collected before hospital discharge for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1, TNF-α and plasma nitrites/nitrates determination. In addition a brachial flow mediated vasodilation (FMD), a measure of endothelial function, and a structured clinical interview for MDD diagnosis were performed.. Results: Mean age of included subjects was 64±11.5 years. Twenty subjects (13.3%) were diagnosed with MDD. Subjects with MDD presented a lower FMD (3.5±2.04 % vs 6.1±3.4 %, p=0,02) and higher CRP values ...

Carbamazepine major depressive disorder. Difference Between Lamotrigine and Carbamazepine As it is too early to pinpoint the specific disorders that Lamotrigine is most effective Major Depression;.

Objective: In the present study, we assessed the relationship between serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels and clinical response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who had previously failed to respond to open treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day and were enrolled in a 4-week, double-blind trial of either (1) fluoxetine dose increase, (2) lithium augmentation of fluoxetine, or (3) desipramine augmentation of fluoxetine. Method: Fifty-five outpatients (mean +/- SD age = 41.7 +/- 10.6 years; 50.9% women) with MDD as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R who were enrolled in the double-blind trial had serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine measurements completed at baseline (prior to fluoxetine treatment initiation). Folate levels were classified as either low (,= 2.5 ng/mL) or normal. Vitamin B12 levels were classified as either low (,= 200 pg/mL) or normal. Homocysteine levels were classified as either elevated (,= 13.2 mmol/L) or normal. ...

BACKGROUND: The genetics of depression has been explored in genome-wide association studies that focused on either major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms with mostly negative findings. A broad depression phenotype including both phenotypes has not been tested previously using a genome-wide association approach. We aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms significantly associated with a broad phenotype from depressive symptoms to major depressive disorder. METHODS: We analyzed two prior studies of 70,017 participants of European ancestry from general and clinical populations in the discovery stage. We performed a replication meta-analysis of 28,328 participants. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Discovery and replication analyses were performed using a p-value-based meta-analysis. Lifetime major depressive disorder and depressive symptom scores were used as the outcome measures. RESULTS:

Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not recover with initial pharmacotherapy, and many pursue combination treatments. Combining a medication with neuromodulation offers an alternative to purely pharmacologic strategies. In prior open and double-blind controlled trials for drug-resi …

Wayne State researchers have identified a novel method to differentiate children with major depressive disorder from normal and children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

TY - JOUR. T1 - Serum Metabolic Profiles of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in the high risk subjects of major depressive disorder. AU - Sakurai, Masashi. AU - Yamamoto, Yasuko. AU - Kanayama, Noriyo. AU - Hasegawa, Masaya. AU - Mouri, Akihiro. AU - Takemura, Masao. AU - Matsunami, Hidetoshi. AU - Miyauchi, Tomoya. AU - Tokura, Tatsuya. AU - Kimura, Hiroyuki. AU - Ito, Mikiko. AU - Umemura, Eri. AU - Boku, Aiji Sato. AU - Nagashima, Wataru. AU - Tonoike, Takashi. AU - Kurita, Kenichi. AU - Ozaki, Norio. AU - Nabeshima, Toshitaka. AU - Saito, Kuniaki. N1 - Funding Information: This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 15H03086, 18K19761 (KS), 17H07222, 19K07490 (YY) and 17H04252 (TN); AMED under grant No. JP19dk0307075 (NO); the Private University Research Branding Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), and by a research grant from the Smoking Research Foundation (KS). Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The ...

Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration and its microheterogeneity were measured in 46 patients with major depressive disorder and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. The changes in major...

LONDON - The worldwide depressive disorder market is anticipated to witness positive growth in the years to come and to overcome declining revenues owing to patent expiry and introduction of better innovative therapies and drugs.. The highest prevalence of depression disorder and also bipolar depression and schizophrenia is registered in the US. Due to enhancing awareness along with expanding access to medical facilities, the depressive disorder market is anticipated to enjoy remarkable growth across the globe, especially in the APAC region.. Major factors propelling growth in the depressive disorder market includes increasing healthcare expenditures, rising smoking prevalence, increasing female population, surging number of prescription drugs and enhancing spending on medicines, among others. At the same time, some factors like tough regulations, patent expiry and severe side effects of drugs could restrain growth in the depressive disorder market.. The new research publication Global ...

Context The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, or corticotropin-releasing hormone) and arginine vasopressin systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depressive disorders and response to antidepressant treatment.. Objective To study the association of genetic variants in 10 genes that regulate the CRF and arginine vasopressin systems with treatment response to citalopram in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) sample (N = 1768).. Design Pharmacogenetic association study derived from the STAR*D study, a multicenter, prospective, open, 12-week effectiveness trial.. Setting Outpatient primary care and psychiatric clinics.. Patients Individuals with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder for whom DNA was available who were subsequently treated with citalopram hydrobromide for 4 to 12 weeks.. Intervention Flexible doses of citalopram.. Main Outcome Measure Association of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding the CRF system with response and ...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a common problem in all medically ill populations. Reported prevalence rates of major depression in patients with cancer are up to 50%. Cancer patients attending primary care and medical outpatient clinics with comorbid major depressive disorder frequently do not receive effective treatment. More effective ways of identifying and treating patients with both cancer and depression are therefore urgently required. AIM: The paper reports a study addressing the question of whether oncology nurses can be trained to take on a greater role in the management of major depression in their patients. METHOD: We developed and piloted an intervention that can be delivered by a specially trained oncology nurse. The intervention is multifaceted and based on a problem-solving model. It requires a widening of the role and expertise of specialist nurses. DISCUSSION: The challenges this role presents to the nurses are discussed. We suggest that they must have a varied work programme that is not

The US-based Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) project [17] enrolled a total of 4,041 treatment-seeking adults. All patients included in the study had a diagnosis of non-psychotic major depressive disorder (as confirmed by DSM-IV criteria), scoring greater than 14 on the HAM-D (that is, suffered from moderate to severe depression). Among the sample, there were high rates of chronic or recurrent depression. STAR*D had a multistep design; all patients received citalopram (an SSRI) in the first treatment level, then those without sufficient symptomatic benefit moved onto further treatment levels where they received either alternative or augmented treatment options.. STAR*D is the largest and longest study to ever be conducted evaluating antidepressant treatments. It was found that with first-level treatment with citalopram, approximately 30% of patients achieved remission. While the study was not expressly designed for pharmacogenetic purposes, DNA was collected from ...

Current antidepressants used to treat pediatric patients have the disadvantage of limited efficacy and potentially serious side effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of vitamin C as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of pediatric major depressive disorder in a six-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. The study group (n=12) was given fluoxetine (10-20 mg/day) plus vitamin C (1000 mg/day) and control group (n=12) administered fluoxetine (10-20 mg/day) plus placebo. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test for independent samples. Both groups demonstrated significantly improved scores on the Childrens Depression Rating Scale (CDRS), the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). ANOVA was significantly different on all clinical measurements (group effect, time effect, and interaction), with the exception of group effect and interaction for CGI. Patients treated for six months with fluoxetine and vitamin C showed a significant

Major Depression - MedHelps Major Depression Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for Major Depression. Find Major Depression information, treatments for Major Depression and Major Depression symptoms.

Depression is one of the most common mental health issues that plagues modern Americans. Often found hand-in-hand with anxiety disorders, depression is notorious for erecting severe roadblocks in peoples lives. Fortunately, there are several effective clinical treatments as well as a number of activities and behaviors that can be adopted to curb the negative effects of depression, also known as major depressive disorder. Check out these helpful behaviors and activities that prove effective in managing depression when added to depression counseling in Gulf Shores, AL. Exercise. Without going into too much clinical detail, depression is caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain known formally as neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters affected by major depressive disorder are dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Exercise is proven to stimulate the release of all three of these neurotransmitters, which has a positive effect on people who suffer from depression. Maintain a Balanced, ...

Use of Fluoxetine in Children - The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder was demonstrated in two 8- to 9-week placebo-controlled clinical trials with 315 pediatric outpatients ages 8 to ≤18 [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].. The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of OCD was demonstrated in one 13-week placebo-controlled clinical trial with 103 pediatric outpatients ages 7 to ,18 [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].. The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients ,8 years of age in Major Depressive Disorder and ,7 years of age in OCD have not been established.. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 21 pediatric patients (ages 6 to ≤18) with Major Depressive Disorder or OCD [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].. The acute adverse reaction profiles observed in the 3 studies (N=418 randomized; 228 fluoxetine-treated, 190 placebo-treated) were generally similar to that observed in adult studies with fluoxetine. The longer-term adverse reaction profile ...

Background: Depression diagnosis requires five or more symptoms (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-DSM-5). One of them must be either Depressed mood or Anhedonia, named main criteria. Although the secondary symptoms can be divided into somatic and non-somatic clusters, the DSM-5 identify depression in all or none fashion. In contrast, depression severity is a continuous variable. Therefore, it is commonly assessed with scales such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Previously, we reported that patients with moderate depression (MD) exhibit greater impairments in cardiac-autonomic modulation than severely depressed (SD) patients. However, clinicians usually do not use scales.Objective: To verify whether the DSM-5 symptoms would be able to discriminate SD from MD and MD from non-depressed (ND) subjects.Material and Methods: Depression was diagnosed based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5® Disorders. The HAMD evaluated depression severity. In depressed

The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is nearly 20%, and up to half of individuals diagnosed with the disorder do not respond to first-line treatment.1 A case of MDD is considered treatment-resistant once the patient has been taking an antidepressant for at least 6 weeks with no improvement in symptoms.. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is associated with increased depressive symptoms and more severe educational, occupational, and social functioning, and patients with TRD are at greater risk of hospitalization for their psychiatric illness, are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, and at increased risk of attempting suicide, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).. One alternate, non-invasive approach is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which was approved in 2008 by the FDA as a treatment option for MDD patients who do not respond to treatment with at least 1 antidepressant medication. Unlike electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which uses ...

The application of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been widely discussed in recent years, but its efficacy and application are still controversial. This network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of different dosages of n-3 PUFAs on MDD patients in the early period of treatment. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation for patients with MDD were retrieved from the databases of Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. RCTs comparing the efficacy of n-3 PUFA for adult (≥18 years) MDD patients without comorbidity were eligible for our study. The score of depressive symptoms in early therapy period of the treatment (≤9 weeks) was extracted. Standardized mean deviations (SMDs) of all the sores from the eligible RCTs were synthesized in a pairwise meta-analysis in frequentist framework and a random-effects network meta-analysis in Bayesian framework for the overall and

TY - JOUR. T1 - Underlying Dimensions of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms. AU - Biehn, Tracey L.. AU - Elhai, Jon D.. AU - Seligman, Laura D.. AU - Tamburrino, Marijo. AU - Armour, Cherie. AU - Forbes, David. PY - 2013/1/1. Y1 - 2013/1/1. N2 - This study examined the relationship between the underlying latent factors of major depression symptoms and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A nonclinical sample of 266 participants with a trauma history participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the fit of the DSM-5 PTSD model and dysphoria model, as well as a depression model comprised of somatic and nonsomatic factors. The DSM-5 PTSD model demonstrated somewhat better fit over the dysphoria model. Wald tests indicated that PTSDs negative alterations in cognitions and mood factor was more strongly related to depressions nonsomatic factor than its somatic factor. ...

Previous studies have detected abnormal serum ferritin levels in patients with depression; however, the results have been inconsistent. This study used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for the first time to examine brain iron concentration in depressed patients and evaluated whether it is related to severity. We included three groups of age- and gender-matched participants: 30 patients with mild-moderate depression (MD), 14 patients with major depression (MDD) and 20 control subjects. All participants underwent MR scans with a 3D gradient-echo sequence reconstructing for QSM and performed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) test. In MDD, the susceptibility value in the bilateral putamen was significantly increased compared with MD or control subjects. In addition, a significant difference was also observed in the left thalamus in MDD patients compared with controls. However, the susceptibility values did not differ between MD patients and controls. The susceptibility values

|span||b|Introduction:|/b| Saffron (|i|Crocus sativus L|/i|.) has demonstrated antidepressant effects in clinical studies and extensive anxiolytic effects in experimental animal models. |b|Methods:|/b| 66 patients with major depressive disorder accompanied by anxious distress were randomly assigned to rec|/span| …

Major depression (MDD) is accompanied by higher serum IgM/IgA responses to LPS of Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting increased bacterial translocation and gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis may occur in bipolar disorder (BD) and there are differences between MDD and BD type 1 (BP1) and -2 (BP2) in nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers associated with leaky gut. This study examines serum IgM/IgA responses directed to LPS of 6 Gram-negative bacteria in 29 BP1, 37 BP2, 44 MDD and 30 healthy individuals. MDD plus BD was best discriminated from controls by increased IgM/IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BP1 patients showed higher IgM responses to Morganella morganii as compared with MDD and BP2 patients. Patients with melancholia showed higher IgA responses to Citrobacter koseri as compared to controls and non-melancholic depression. The total score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was significantly associated with IgA responses, especially C. koseri. IgG responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein

Atypical depression, or depression with atypical features as it has been known in the DSM IV, is depression that shares many of the typical symptoms of the psychiatric syndromes major depression or dysthymia but is characterized by improved mood in response to positive events. In contrast, people with melancholic depression generally do not experience an improved mood in response to normally pleasurable events. Atypical depression also features significant weight gain or an increased appetite, hypersomnia, a heavy sensation in the limbs and interpersonal rejection sensitivity that results in significant social or occupational impairment.[1]. Despite its name, atypical depression does not mean it is uncommon or unusual.[2] The reason for its name is twofold: (1) it was identified with its unique symptoms subsequent to the identification of melancholic depression and (2) its responses to the two different classes of antidepressants that were available at the time were different from ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Thyroid hormones affect recovery from depression during antidepressant treatment. AU - Pae, Chi Un. AU - Mandelli, Laura. AU - Han, Changsu. AU - Ham, Byung Joo. AU - Masand, Prakash S.. AU - Patkar, Ashwin A.. AU - Steffens, David C.. AU - De Ronchi, Diana. AU - Serretti, Alessandro. PY - 2009/6. Y1 - 2009/6. N2 - The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether thyroid hormonal changes during menopause may affect the development and the course of major depressive disorder. Methods: Thirty-nine female patients (n = 17 in pre-menopause; n = 22 in post-menopause) with major depressive disorder based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) criteria and who were euthyroid and not on hormonal replacement therapy, participated in a prospective, 6-week, open-label naturalistic study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire ...

All patients must meet the diagnostic criteria for recurrent major depression or bipolar mood disorder. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is then a subtype specifier used to describe temporal variations of these disorders. As such, SAD is not considered a stand-alone diagnosis or comorbid condition to recurrent major depression or bipolar disorder. Common presentations include the initiation or worsening of depressive symptoms during the fall or winter months, and full remission during the spring or summer months, or hypomanic or manic symptoms presenting during spring or summer months. ...

National Institute of Mental Health. Depression is a serious disorder that can cause significant problems in mood, thinking, and behavior at home, in school, and with peers. It is estimated that major depressive disorder (MDD) affects about 5 percent of adolescents, who have more frequent suicidal thinking and behavior and greater likelihood of substance abuse than youth in general.. Research has shown that, as in adults, depression in children and adolescents can be treated. In particular, antidepressant medications - called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) because they specifically target the neurotransmitter serotonin - have been shown to be of benefit to children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Certain types of psychological therapies have also been shown to be beneficial. In those with moderate to severe depression they are especially useful when combined with medication. Our knowledge of antidepressant treatments in youth, though growing substantially, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - BDNF plasma levels variations in major depressed patients receiving duloxetine. AU - Fornaro, Michele. AU - Escelsior, Andrea. AU - Rocchi, Giulio. AU - Conio, Benedetta. AU - Magioncalda, Paola. AU - Marozzi, Valentina. AU - Presta, Andrea. AU - Sterlini, Bruno. AU - Contini, Paola. AU - Amore, Mario. AU - Fornaro, Pantaleo. AU - Martino, Matteo. PY - 2015/5/1. Y1 - 2015/5/1. N2 - It has been frequently reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective of the study was to investigate BDNF levels variations in MDD patients during antidepressant treatment with duloxetine. 30 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and monitored for BDNF plasma levels at baseline, week 6 and week 12 of duloxetine treatment (60 mg/day) and at baseline, respectively. According to early clinical response to duloxetine (defined at week 6 by reduction ,50 % ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sexual dysfunction in patients with antidepressant-treated anxiety or depressive disorders. T2 - A pragmatic multivariable longitudinal study. AU - Preeti, S.. AU - Jayaram, S. D.. AU - Chittaranjan, A.. PY - 2018/3/1. Y1 - 2018/3/1. N2 - Objective: To investigate early evolution, tolerability, and predictors of antidepressant-emergent sexual dysfunction in patients with anxiety or depressive disorder. Methods: Patients with anxiety or depressive disorders who were prescribed antidepressant monotherapy (mirtazapine, sertraline, desvenlafaxine, escitalopram, or fluoxetine) at the discretion of the treating clinician were recruited from July 2012 to June 2014 from a hospital outpatient service. All were free of psychotropic medication for least 1 month. Sexual function was assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 6 using the Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSexDQ). A PRSexDQ score of ≥ 2 was considered to indicate sexual dysfunction. Sexual function was ...

article{8635843, abstract = {The application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to rapidly decrease suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural working mechanisms behind this prompt attenuation of suicidal thoughts remains to be determined. Here, we examined how placebo-accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) may influence brain perfusion and suicidal thoughts using arterial spin labeling (ASL). In a randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover trial, 45 MDD patients received aiTBS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01832805). With each ASL scan measurement, suicidal ideation was assessed with the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) and depression severity with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Compared with active stimulation, the attenuation of suicidal ideation after 4 days of placebo aiTBS was related to significant frontopolar ...

Use of fluoxetine in children -The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder was demonstrated in two 8- to 9-week placebo-controlled clinical trials with 315 pediatric outpatients ages 8 to ≤18 [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of OCD was demonstrated in one 13-week placebo-controlled clinical trial with 103 pediatric outpatients ages 7 to ,18 [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients ,8 years of age in Major Depressive Disorder and ,7 years of age in OCD have not been established.. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 21 pediatric patients (ages 6 to ≤18) with Major Depressive Disorder or OCD [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The acute adverse reaction profiles observed in the 3 studies (N=418 randomized; 228 fluoxetine-treated, 190 placebo-treated) were generally similar to that observed in adult studies with fluoxetine. The longer-term adverse reaction profile observed ...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) can be an important mediator of inflammation recently shown in studies to increase the excitability of small diameter sensory neurons at least in part via activation of the S1P1 receptor subtype. but not its inactive enantiomer, W140. The hyperalgesic effects of S1P were mimicked by intraplantar injection of the well characterized S1PR1 agonist, SEW2871. The development of S1P-induced hyperalgesia was clogged by apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor and by the potent PN decomposition catalysts (FeTM-4-PyP5+ and MnTE-2-PyP5+). Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the signaling pathways engaged by S1P in the development of hyperalgesia and focus on the contribution of the S1P1 receptor-to-PN signaling in this process. [69; 68] at least in part via INCB8761 activation of S1PR1 [11] and that S1P derived following bioconversion of ceramide, contributes to NGF-induced excitation of rat sensory neurons [70; 36]. Interestingly, ...

BACKGROUND: An intimate relationship between depressive disorders and chronic pain is well known but often neglected. We studied patients with depressive disorders accompanying cervical muscular tension or neck pain. They also complaints of various physical, psychosomatic, and psychiatric signs such as anxiety and non-specific complaints related to autonomic imbalance. These complaints or symptoms are commonly resistant to pharmacological treatment, and thus we tried to treat these conditions by reducing their cervical muscular tension or pain. METHODS: We evaluated 30 complaints of 138 patients suffering from depressive disorders with cervical muscular abnormality (52 men and 86 women). The presence of the 30 complaints was evaluated as positive or negative before and during treatment. The necks of all patients were treated using low-frequency stimulation, micro-wave therapies, electric needle application, and acupuncture. RESULTS: Reducing cervical muscular tension remitted or cured the 30

In a large sample of primary care patients with type 2 diabetes, we found evidence of probable major depressive disorder in 19% of patients surveyed. Major depression was significantly associated with poorer diabetes self-care behaviors, including lower adherence to general diet, consumption of fruits and vegetables, spacing carbohydrates, exercise recommendations, glucose monitoring, and prescribed medications over the previous 7 days. Analyses showed that depressive symptom severity was a better predictor of each of these self-care behaviors than probable major depression, except for glucose monitoring. When both depressive symptom severity and probable major depression were examined in the same model, only probable major depression was associated with significantly decreased monitoring. Two-thirds of patients surveyed reported at least some symptoms of depression but did not meet the screening criteria for major depression. Even among these patients, symptoms of depression were incrementally ...

In a large sample of primary care patients with type 2 diabetes, we found evidence of probable major depressive disorder in 19% of patients surveyed. Major depression was significantly associated with poorer diabetes self-care behaviors, including lower adherence to general diet, consumption of fruits and vegetables, spacing carbohydrates, exercise recommendations, glucose monitoring, and prescribed medications over the previous 7 days. Analyses showed that depressive symptom severity was a better predictor of each of these self-care behaviors than probable major depression, except for glucose monitoring. When both depressive symptom severity and probable major depression were examined in the same model, only probable major depression was associated with significantly decreased monitoring. Two-thirds of patients surveyed reported at least some symptoms of depression but did not meet the screening criteria for major depression. Even among these patients, symptoms of depression were incrementally ...

There was evidence that effectiveness of SSRIs on response varied by compound (with 81.3% of the variation across SSRI compound effect estimates due to heterogeneity rather than chance; P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of children and adolescents who responded when receiving fluoxetine compared with placebo (RR 1.86; 95% CI 1.49, 2.32). The percentage of those responding while on fluoxetine ranged between 41 and 61% compared with a range of 20-35% in those on placebo. Depressive symptom scores [Childrens Depression Rating Scale-Revised scale (CDRS-R); range 17-113] were also statistically significantly lower for those receiving fluoxetine compared with placebo at the end of treatment [ranging between 8 and 12 weeks of treatment; treatment effect 5.63 (95% CI −7.38, −3.88)].. For paroxetine, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of children and adolescents who responded to paroxetine compared with those who ...

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Jewellery Quarter developments A breakdown of the Quarters current major development schemes. Explore New neighbourhoods, public squares and a 39 storey tower. Here are the current major developments that are either planned or in construction in the Jewellery Quarter. St. Pauls Quarter Location: Northwood StreetDeveloper: Apsley House Capital and Galliard…

Conflicting results have arisen from studies that look at the effectiveness of antidepressants in people with acute, mild to moderate depression.[179] Stronger evidence supports the usefulness of antidepressants in the treatment of depression that is chronic (dysthymia) or severe. While small benefits were found, researchers Irving Kirsch and Thomas Moore state they may be due to issues with the trials rather than a true effect of the medication.[180] In a later publication, Kirsch concluded that the overall effect of new-generation antidepressant medication is below recommended criteria for clinical significance.[14] Similar results were obtained in a meta-analysis by Fornier.[13] A review commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) concluded that there is strong evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline, have greater efficacy than placebo on achieving a 50% reduction in depression scores in ...

Conflicting results have arisen from studies that look at the effectiveness of antidepressants in people with acute, mild to moderate depression.[176] Stronger evidence supports the usefulness of antidepressants in the treatment of depression that is chronic (dysthymia) or severe. While small benefits were found, researchers Irving Kirsch and Thomas Moore state they may be due to issues with the trials rather than a true effect of the medication.[177] In a later publication, Kirsch concluded that the overall effect of new-generation antidepressant medication is below recommended criteria for clinical significance.[13] Similar results were obtained in a meta-analysis by Fornier.[12]. A review commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) concluded that there is strong evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline, have greater efficacy than placebo on achieving a 50% reduction in depression scores in ...

Conflicting results have arisen from studies that look at the effectiveness of antidepressants in people with acute, mild to moderate depression.[179] Stronger evidence supports the usefulness of antidepressants in the treatment of depression that is chronic (dysthymia) or severe. While small benefits were found, researchers Irving Kirsch and Thomas Moore state they may be due to issues with the trials rather than a true effect of the medication.[180] In a later publication, Kirsch concluded that the overall effect of new-generation antidepressant medication is below recommended criteria for clinical significance.[14] Similar results were obtained in a meta-analysis by Fornier.[13]. A review commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) concluded that there is strong evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline, have greater efficacy than placebo on achieving a 50% reduction in depression scores in ...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have significantly contributed to the association of many clinical conditions and phenotypic characteristics with genomic variants. The majority of these genomic findings have been deposited to the GWAS catalog. So far, findings uncovering associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with treatment efficacy in mood disorders are encouraging, but not adequate. Statistical, genomic, and literature information was retrieved from EBIs GWAS catalog, while we also searched for potential clinical information/clinical guidelines in well-established pharmacogenomics databases regarding the assessed drug-SNP correlations of the present study. Here, we provide an overview of significant genome-wide associations of SNPs with the response to commonly prescribed antipsychotics and antidepressants. Up to date, this is the first study providing novel insight in previously reported pharmacogenomics associations for antipsychotic/antidepressant treatment. We also show

The aim of this study was to determine the risk for Bipolar Disorder (BD) in Wilsons disease (WD) and to measure the impaired Quality of Life (QL) in BD with WD using standardized psychiatric diagnostic tools and a case control design. This was a case control study. The cases were 23 consecutive patients with WD treated at the University Hospital in Cagliari, Italy, and the controls were 92 sex- and age-matched subjects with no diagnosis of WD who were randomly selected from a database used previously for an epidemiological study. Psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria were determined by physicians using structured interview tools (ANTAS-SCID). QL was measured by means of SF-12. Compared to controls, WD patients had lower scores on the SF-12 and higher lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV major depressive disorders (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 2.4-17.3) and bipolar disorders (OR = 12.9, 95% CI 3.6-46.3). BD was associated with lower SF-12 in WD patients. This study was the first to show an association

MAOIs include phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, and selegiline. They irreversibly inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO), which results in an increase of norepinephrine and serotonin for the life of the enzyme; thus, the physiological effects of most MAOIs last up to 2 to 3 weeks.47 Although the elimination half-life of the typical MAOI is short (1.5-4 h), its physiological effects are long-lasting.48,49 MAOIs are usually prescribed only for severe depression or when other types of antidepressants do not help (i.e., treatment-resistant depression).49 Selective MAOIs have severe side effects and require restrictive dietary rules and care to avoid serious drug interactions. The interaction of tyramine with MAOIs can bring on a hypertensive crisis (a sharp increase in blood pressure) that can lead to a stroke. Studies have measured the tyramine content of food and determined that less than 6 mg per serving is generally safe.50-52 Results of these studies have led to absolute dietary restrictions ...

This study examined the association among comorbidity, type of depression treatment, and depression treatment adequacy among privately insured depression patients using claims data from 165,569 employees. Individuals newly diagnosed with depression (n = 2364) were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Logistic regression models were used to determine if certain medical and psychiatric comorbidities were associated with depression treatment type (medication only, psychotherapy only, or combined treatment) and treatment adequacy. Approximately half of the sample (56.7%) received medication only, 26.8% received psychotherapy and medication, and 16.5% received psychotherapy only. The medication only group had the highest rate (50.2%) of receiving minimally adequate treatment, while those who received the combined treatment had the lowest rate (21.0%). Patients with comorbid anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to receive combined treatment or psychotherapy alone. Those who had comorbid

Neurotrophic factors are critical regulators of the formation and plasticity of neuronal networks. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is abundant in the brain and periphery, and is found in both human serum and plasma. Animal studies have demonstrated that stress reduces BDNF expression or activity in the hippocampus and that this reduction can be prevented by treatment with antidepressant drugs. A similar change in BDNF activity occurs in the brain of patients with major depression disorder (MDD). Recently, clinical studies have indicated that serum or plasma BDNF levels are decreased in untreated MDD patients. Antidepressant treatment for at least four weeks can restore the decreased BDNF function up to the normal value. Therefore, MDD is associated with impaired neuronal plasticity. Suicidal behavior can be a consequence of severe impaired neuronal plasticity in the brain. Antidepressant treatment promotes increased BDNF activity as well as several forms of neuronal plasticity, ...

We found that the BAM intervention had both short-term and long-term effects in reducing depressive symptoms among patients with subthreshold depression in primary care. The between-group mean difference in score was 3.85 points on the BDI-II scale at the time of intervention completion, which was about 22% of the follow-up score in the usual care control arm and exceeds the 17.5% mean clinically important difference identified by Button et al.37 BAM still had a small benefit in reducing subthreshold depression at 12 months. Similar effect sizes for improvements have been reported for individual cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and other individual psychological interventions.38 Generalizability of the BAM intervention to a broader population, such as patients with more severe symptoms or those with dysthymia, is possible but needs further research as our study included only patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and had greater ...

There have been several studies in which comorbid depressive symptoms were assessed in studies investigating EMDR treatment of participants diagnosed with PTSD. For example, in a randomized controlled trial, van der Kolk et al. (2007) found EMDR more effective than fluoxetine in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms. A meta-analysis by Ho and Lee (2012) determined that EMDR was more effective at reducing these comorbid depressive symptoms than CBT.. In 2013, Wood and Ricketts asserted that although EMDR has the potential to treat symptoms of primary depression, the application has not been adequately researched, and currently, it cannot be considered an evidence-based treatment for major depressive disorder. More recently, Hase et al. (2015) and Hofmann et al. (2014) conducted controlled matched studies in inpatient and outpatient settings with patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. All participants received treatment as usual, and EMDR was provided as an adjunctive therapy to a ...

BACKGROUND: Systematic screening for depression has been recommended for patients who have medical conditions like cancer. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is becoming widely used, but its diagnostic accuracy has not yet been tested in a cancer patient population. In this article, the authors report on the performance of the PHQ-9 as a screening instrument for major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with cancer. METHODS: Data obtained from a depression screening service for patients who were attending clinics of a Regional Cancer Centre in Edinburgh, United Kingdom were used. Patients had completed both the PHQ-9 and a 2-stage procedure to identify cases of MDD. Performance of the PHQ-9 in identifying cases of MDD was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Data were available on 4264 patients. When scored as a continuous measure, the PHQ-9 performed well with an area under the ROC curve of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.95). A cutoff

The binding protein FKBP5 is an important modulator of the function of the glucocorticoid receptor, the main receptor of the stress hormone system. This turns the FKBP5 gene into a key candidate for gene-environment interactions, which are considered critical for pathogenesis of stress-related disorders. The authors explored gene-environment interactions between FKBP5 gene variants and adverse life events in predicting the first occurrence of a major depressive episode.The analyses were based on 884 Caucasians in a 10-year prospective community study. At baseline, they were 14-24 years old and did not fulfill criteria for a major depressive episode. The DSM-IV-based Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess adverse life events preceding baseline and major depressive episodes during follow-up. On the basis of previous findings, five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FKBP5 gene were selected for genotyping.While the authors did not observe genetic main ...

by anonymous , Jul 24, 2019 , Anxiety, Coping With Depression, Depression, Family, Feelings, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Resources, Guilt, Happiness, Joy, Mental Health, Parenting, Postpartum Depression, Relationships, Self Esteem, Self-Destructive Behavior, Shame, Stay At Home Parenting, Therapy , 1 comment. By the time my first baby was born, I had been in therapy for about a year and a half. When I started therapy, I had reached a point where I knew I needed help, and the risk of reaching out for help was outweighed by the burden of sitting alone with the darkness I felt any longer. Therapy helped me a ton and I was in a much better spot when I became pregnant. My husband and I had been married for two years, and though the pregnancy was unplanned, I desperately wanted a baby.. Pregnancy was a roller coaster of emotions, with lots of vomiting. The last couple of months were good, and I felt strong and ready for childbirth, but still unsure of motherhood. My labor was not typical and there ...

Facts. Depressive disorders affect approximately 18.8 million American adults. Thats about 9.5% of the U.S. population ages 18+. Diagnoses included in these National Institute of Mental Health statistics include major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is one of the top causes of disability in developed countries and is projected to become the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020.. Symptoms. Symptoms of depression vary. Normal to mild depression is often healthy, because it provides you with the impetus to make changes to improve a situation that may seem unbearable. These blues are a reaction to stressors like loss or change. Feelings of doom, despair, and hopelessness paired with crying for no apparent reason, loss of appetite, loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities, fatigue, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating are signs of a deeper depressive mood disorder. Thoughts of suicide may also occur. Bipolar disorder is ...