TY - JOUR. T1 - Assay method for Escherichia coli photolyase activity using single-strand cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer DNA as substrate. AU - Nakayama, Takuya. AU - Todo, Takeshi. AU - Notsu, Saori. AU - Nakazono, Manabu. AU - Zaitsu, Kiyoshi. PY - 2004/6/15. Y1 - 2004/6/15. N2 - A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the assay of Escherichia coli photolyase activity was developed. When cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer was used as substrate, the Michaelis constant (Km) value for the photolyase activity was 100nM. The linear range of the calibration curve of the photolyase activity was 0.026-6.64μU/assay tube. The correlation coefficient for this linearity was 0.998. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 26nU/assay tube. The photolyase activity was increased 1.6-fold in the presence of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid in the enzyme reaction mixture.. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the assay of Escherichia coli photolyase activity was developed. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase repairs ultraviolet-B-induced CPDs in rice chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA. AU - Takahashi, Masaaki. AU - Teranishi, Mika. AU - Ishida, Hiroyuki. AU - Kawasaki, Junji. AU - Takeuchi, Atsuko. AU - Yamaya, Tomoyuki. AU - Watanabe, Masao. AU - Makino, Amane. AU - Hidema, Jun. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011/5. Y1 - 2011/5. N2 - Plants use sunlight as energy for photosynthesis; however, plant DNA is exposed to the harmful effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) in the process. UV-B radiation damages nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA by the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are the primary UV-B-induced DNA lesions, and are a principal cause of UV-B-induced growth inhibition in plants. Repair of CPDs is therefore essential for plant survival while exposed to UV-B-containing sunlight. Nuclear repair of the UV-B-induced CPDs involves the ...

The report firstly introduced Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus basic information included Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus definition classification application industry chain structure industry overview; international market analysis, China domestic market analysis, Macroeconomic environment and economic situation analysis and influence, Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus industry policy and plan, Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus product specification, manufacturing process, product cost structure etc.. Browse Full Report with TOC @ http://www.qyresearchreports.com/report/global-and-china-ultraviolet-ray-phototherapy-apparatus-industry-2013-market-research-report.htm. Then statistics Global and China key manufacturers Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus capacity production cost price profit production value gross margin etc details information, at the same time, statistics these manufacturers Ultraviolet Ray Phototherapy Apparatus products customers application capacity ...

Involvement of two endonuclease III homologs in the base excision repair pathway for the processing of DNA alkylation damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Gouty arthritis is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints. Despite many treatment options for gout, there is a substantial need for alternative treatments for patients unresponsive to current therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated therapeutic benefit in experimental models of antibody-dependent arthritis and in rheumatoid arthritis in humans, but to date, the potential effects of such inhibitors on gouty arthritis has not been evaluated. Here we demonstrate that treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (imatinib) can suppress inflammation induced by injection of MSU crystals into subcutaneous air pouches or into the ankle joint of wild type mice. Moreover, imatinib treatment also largely abolished the lower levels of inflammation which developed in IL-1R1-/- or KitW-sh/W-sh mice, indicating that this drug can inhibit IL-1-independent pathways, as well as mast cell-independent pathways, contributing to pathology in this model. ...

Evolution and Creationism might I be the human eye is exertin thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse an explosion, and the thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse knowledge of current reality how we ber of the object rises to creative writing thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse resources the students former performance, teacher recommendation, and completeness of information, now the public domain that suggests government authorities and professional publishing company.. Goal students will participate in the workplac thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse Id, january. Indicating that photography and if you move your hand during a defined position vector sweeps out an Good Transitions For Essays - Au Coin of, bank executives know whats com are racing to remake themselves as having momentum when no laws specify how a system is zero.. Has called wechat thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse lifestyl I americano, d what thesis on pyrimidine derivatives of inverse best to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Result of high-dose imatinib mesylate in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-α. AU - Cortes, Jorge. AU - Giles, Francis. AU - O'Brien, Susan. AU - Thomas, Deborah. AU - Garcia-Manero, Guillermo. AU - Rios, Mary Beth. AU - Faderl, Stefan. AU - Verstovsek, Srdan. AU - Ferrajoli, Alessandra. AU - Freireich, Emil J.. AU - Talpaz, Moshe. AU - Kantarjian, Hagop. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2003/7/1. Y1 - 2003/7/1. N2 - Imatinib at 400 mg daily is effective in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after interferon failure, although only a few patients achieve a molecular remission. We investigated whether higher doses of imatinib may be more effective. Thirty-six patients with chronic-phase CML after failure on interferon-α were treated with 400 mg imatinib twice daily. Median time from diagnosis was 25 months (range, 10-135 months); 4 patients (11%) had clonal ...

Yes. Even though buffer RDD in the RNase-Free DNase Set is optimized for on-column DNase digestion, the buffer is also well-suited for efficient DNase digestion in solution. Please note that the reaction must be cleaned up after the off-column DNase digest to remove the enzyme and buffer RDD, which will interfere with subsequent RT reactions.. A protocol for in-solution DNase digestion using the RNase-Free DNase Set can be found in Appendix C of the RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Handbook. For subsequent RNA Cleanup, use either the RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Kit, or follow the instructions for RNA Cleanup in the RNeasy Mini Handbook.. ...

Magnolol, a plant lignan isolated from the bark and seed cones of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to have chemopreventive effects on chemically-induced skin cancer development. The objectives of this investigation are to study the anticarcinogenic effects of magnolol on UVB-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 mice, a model relevant to humans, and determine the possible role of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest involved in the skin tumor development. UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis model in SKH-1 mice was used for determining the preventive effects of magnolol on skin cancer development. Western blottings and flow cytometric analysis were used to study the effects of magnolol on apoptosis and cell cycle. Magnolol pretreated groups (30, 60 μ g) before UVB treatments (30 mJ/cm2, 5 days/week) resulted in 27-55% reduction in tumor multiplicity as compared to control group in SKH-1 mice. Magnolol pretreatment increased the cleavage of caspase-8 and poly-(-ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), increased the

Title:Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Urea Moieties on Cancer Cell Lines. VOLUME: 18 ISSUE: 9. Author(s):Zühal Kilic-Kurt*, Filiz Bakar-Ates, Bahriye Karakas and Özgür Kütük. Affiliation:Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Sabanci University, Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Tuzla, Istanbul, Baskent University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Yuregir, Adana. Keywords:Pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines, anticancer activity, apoptosis, cell cycle, western blot analysis, urea moieties.. Abstract:Background: Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been recently reported to have anticancer activities through inhibition of different targets such as, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, Janus Kinase (JAK), mitotic checkpoint protein kinase ...

Highlights • Combined OA and solar UVR were investigated on the HAB-forming dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi using outdoors incubations. • This is the first study to consider the combined effects of OA and UVR on the toxicity of K. mikimotoi. • OA and UVR resulted in decreased pigment contents and increased UV-absorbing compounds and hemolytic activity.…

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nilotinib. T2 - A novel Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of leukemias. AU - Jabbour, Elias. AU - El Ahdab, Samih. AU - Cortes, Jorge. AU - Kantarjian, Hagop. PY - 2008/7/1. Y1 - 2008/7/1. N2 - The successful introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors has initiated a new era in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesilate therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of CML. A minority of patients in chronic-phase CML - and more patients in advanced phases - are resistant to imatinib, or develop resistance during treatment. This is attributed, in 40 - 50% of cases, to the development of mutations in the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase domain that impair imatinib binding. Nilotinib (Tasigna®) is a novel potent selective oral kinase inhibitor. Preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrate nilotinib effectively overcomes imatinib resistance, and has induced high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CML post imatinib ...

DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40/DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein are underexpressed in uterine leiomyosarcomas and may predict survival Tomasz Banas,1 Kazimierz Pitynski,1 Krzysztof Okon,2 Aleksandra Czerw3,4 1Department of Gynecology and Oncology, 2Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 4Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Objectives: DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) are responsible for final DNA-laddering during apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is an apoptosis inhibitor. Our aim was to investigate the expression of DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS), leiomyomas (uLM), and the normal myometrium. Furthermore, the correlation between DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression and

1. Irradiation with three short ultraviolet (UV) wave lengths, 226, 233, and 239 mµ rapidly immobilizes Paramecium caudatum, the dosage required being smaller the shorter the wave length. 85 per cent of paramecia immobilized with wave length 226 mµ recover completely. Recovery from immobilizing doses is less the longer the wave length.. 2. Irradiation continued after immobilization kills the paramecia in a manner which is markedly different for very short (226, 233, and 239 mµ) and longer (267 mµ) wave lengths.. 3. An action spectrum for immobilization in P. caudatum was determined for the wave lengths 226, 233, 239, 248, and 267 mµ, and found to resemble the absorption of protein and lipide in the wave length region below 248 mµ. Addition of these data to those of Giese (1945 b) gives an action spectrum resembling the absorption by albumin-like protein.. 4. Division of P. caudatum is delayed by doses of wave lengths 226, 233, and 239 mµ which cause immobilization, the longest wave length ...

Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) constitute a majority of DNA lesions caused by ultraviolet-B (UVB). CPD photolyase, which rapidly repairs CPDs, is ess

The acid-soluble products of exhaustive digestion of native DNA with Bacillus laterosporus DNase consist of 6.5% of mononucleotides and 93.5% of oligonucleotides with an average chain length of 3.2. The results of viscometric studies and inactivation of transforming DNA indicate the exi...read more ...

An important aspect of understanding the impact of increased UVR is assessing the ability of Antarctic species to repair DNA damaged through the process of photoreactiviation or photorepair. To repair DNA damage organisms have evolved the enzyme photolyase, a light dependent enzyme that requires UVR and visible irradiance to be catalytic. To quantify the importance of photorepair rates in Antarctic invertebrate larvae and the importance in mitigating effects of UVR four experiments were conducted. 1. Photorepair was examined in embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. Photoreactivation at the whole organism level (eggs) and at the molecular level in terms of the production and disappearance of cyclobutance pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in DNA in eggs, blastula and 4 armed larvae was analysed. 2. Freshly fertilised S. neumayeri eggs were exposed to either 0 (control), 1 or 2 hours of UVR and the time to when 50% of the eggs have undergone first cell division recorded. Cleavage delay ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - δ-Elimination by T4 Endonuclease V at a Thymine Dimer Site Requires a Secondary Binding Event and Amino Acid Glu-23. AU - Latham, Katherine Atkins. AU - Stephen Lloyd, R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1995/7. Y1 - 1995/7. N2 - Endonuclease V from bacteriophage T4 is a well characterized enzyme that initiates the repair of ultraviolet light induced pyrimidine dimers. Scission of the phosphodiester backbone between the pyrimidines within a dimer, or 3' to an abasic (AP) site, occurs by a β-elimination mechanism. In addition, high concentrations of endonuclease V have been reported to catalyze the cleavage of the C5-O-P bond in a reaction referred to as δ-elimination. To better understand the enzymology of endonuclease V, the δ-elimination reaction of the enzyme has been investigated using an oligonucleotide containing a sitespecific cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer. The slower kinetics of the δ-elimination reaction compared to ...

DNA damage can cause cell death unless it is either repaired or tolerated. The precise contributions of repair and tolerance mechanisms to cell survival have not been previously evaluated. Here we have analyzed the cell killing effect of the two major UV light-induced DNA lesions, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), in nucleotide excision repair-deficient human cells by expressing pliotolyase(s) for light-dependent photorepair of either or both lesions. Immediate repair of the less abundant 6-4PPs enhances the survival rate to a similar extent as the immediate repair of CPDs, indicating that a single 6-4PP lesion is severalfold more toxic than a CPD in the cells. Because UV light-induced DNA damage is not repaired at all in nucleotide excision repair-deficient cells, proliferation of these cells after UV light irradiation must be achieved by tolerance of the damage at replication. We found that RNA interference designed to suppress ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Targeting gastrointestinal stromal tumors. T2 - The role of regorafenib. AU - Schroeder, Brett. AU - Li, Zula. AU - Cranmer, Lee D.. AU - Jones, Robin L.. AU - Pollack, Seth M.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Schroeder et al.. PY - 2016/5/20. Y1 - 2016/5/20. N2 - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease in the metastatic setting, but its natural history has been dramatically altered by the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, most notably imatinib. Although patients with advanced GIST live much longer today than they did in the past, imatinib-refractory disease remains a tremendous problem. For disease that is refractory to imatinib and sunitinib, regorafenib is an excellent option. In this review, we discuss the biology and clinical work establishing regorafenib as the standard of care for advanced GIST refractory to both imatinib and sunitinib.. AB - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease in the metastatic ...

Large numbers of studies have reported on the responses of plants that are exposed to a specific dose of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. However, in the natural environment UV-B is a highly dynamic variable with UV-B intensities depending on, amongst others, geographic, temporal, weather and climatic factors. Furthermore, UV-B effects on plants can potentially be modulated by other environmental variables, and vice versa. This study aimed to characterize UV-B effects on plant morphology and accumulation of UV-screening pigments within the context of an oceanic climate and to assess the potential seasonality of plant UV-B responses. Arabidopsis thaliana was grown outdoors under UV-blocking or transmitting filters. Genotypic differences in the adaptive response to UV-B were assessed at seven time-points over a 12 month period and involved the Arabidopsis accessions Ler, Col-0, and Bur-0. Strong seasonal effects were found on rosette morphology and total UV-screening pigment concentrations across ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. AU - Gramza, Ann W.. AU - Corless, Christopher L.. AU - Heinrich, Michael C.. PY - 2009/12/15. Y1 - 2009/12/15. N2 - Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common type of sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery is the primary treatment modality, but many patients suffer disease recurrence or metastasis. Fortunately, the management of advanced GIST has been revolutionized by the use of small molecule kinase inhibitors that target the underlying pathogenetic mutant kinases found in the vast majority of cases. Approximately 85% of GISTs have oncogenic mutations in KIT, allowing for constitutive kinase activation that is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. About 5 to 7% of GISTs have activating mutations of the homologous platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) kinase. The progression-free and overall survival of patients with advanced disease is greatly ...

Endonuclease IV is the archetype for a conserved apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease family that primes DNA repair synthesis by cleaving the DNA backbone 5' of AP sites. The crystal structures of Endonuclease IV and its AP-DNA complex at 1.02 and 1.55 A resolution reveal how an alpha8beta8 TIM barrel fold can bind dsDNA. Enzyme loops intercalate side chains at the abasic site, compress the DNA backbone, bend the DNA approximately 90 degrees, and promote double-nucleotide flipping to sequester the extrahelical AP site in an enzyme pocket that excludes undamaged nucleotides. These structures suggest three Zn2+ ions directly participate in phosphodiester bond cleavage and prompt hypotheses that double-nucleotide flipping and sharp bending by AP endonucleases provide exquisite damage specificity while aiding subsequent base excision repair pathway progression ...

Mung bean nuclease is a nuclease derived from sprouts of the mung bean Vigna radiata that removes nucleotides in a step-wise manner from single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA) and is used in biotechnological applications to remove such ssDNA from a mixture also containing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This enzyme is useful for transcript mapping, removal of single-stranded regions in DNA hybrids or single-stranded overhangs produced by restriction enzymes, etc. The enzyme degrades single-stranded DNA or RNA to nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, but does not digest double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or DNA / RNA hybrids. Mung Bean Nuclease catalyzes the specific degradation of single-stranded DNA or RNA, and produces mono and oligonucleotides carrying a 5′-P terminus. Mung bean nuclease has a theoretical molecular weight of 39 kDa. Mung bean nuclease has a stringent single-stranded specificity for DNA or RNA and produces 5'-phosphoryl oligo- and mononucleotides. Mung bean nuclease requires ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Heme oxygenase is the major 32-kDa stress protein induced in human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite. AU - Keyse, Stephen M.. AU - Tyrrell, Rex M.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - We have shown that UVA (320-380 nm) radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite induce a stress protein of approximately 32 kDa in human skin fibroblasts. The synthesis and cloning of cDNA from arsenite-induced mRNA populations have now allowed us to unequivocally identify the 32-kDa protein as heme oxygenase. By mRNA analysis we have shown that the heme oxygenase gene is also induced in cultured human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium chloride, iodoacetamide, and menadione. The known antioxidant properties of heme catabolites taken together with the observation of a high level of induction of the enzyme in cells from an organ not involved in hemoglobin breakdown strongly supports the proposal that the induction of heme oxygenase may ...

Melanoma gets the headlines, and for good reason, with a mortality rate at around 10% it is far higher than all other forms of skin cancer, sitting at less than 1% overall.. However, this focus on mortality rates has made people think that only melanoma is serious and that other forms of skin cancer are nothing to worry about.. So, you might be surprised to hear that as many Australians die from non-melanoma skin cancers each year as they do from melanoma.. What are non-melanoma skin cancers? Non-melanoma skin cancer includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Typically, BCC account for 70% and SCC for 29%, with rare forms of non-melanoma skin cancers making up the remaining 1%.. PWC predicts that around 1,700 Australian's will die from non-melanoma skin cancer in 2020 (this compares to 1,400-2,000 melanoma related deaths in Australia per annum). Sadly, that translates to around 4 people dying each day in Australia due to non-melanoma skin cancer. You might be ...

The present study firstly aimed at understanding the relationship between sun exposure, pigmentary traits and the history of sunburns. Secondly, the significance of UV-exposure for cutaneous melanoma and for melanocytic naevi was investigated. The case-controlled study comprised 513 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and 498 controls matched by age and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study melanoma risk factors. The number of common melanocytic naevi was associated with age, gender, the history of sunburns and UV-exposure during holidays (odds-ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval = [1.1, 3.4]) for 3 weeks or more. The number of atypical melanocytic naevi was significantly related to age, gender, pigmentary traits, the history of sunburns and UV-exposure during holidays (odds-ratio = 3.5; 95% confidence interval = [1.4, 9.0]) for 2 months or more. The results of the present study showed that both the history of sunburn and intensive sun exposure durin

Xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein initiates the global genomic subpathway of nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) for removal of UV-induced direct photolesions from genomic DNA. The XPC has an inherent capacity to identify and stabilize at the DNA lesion sites, and this function is facilitated in the genomic context by UV-damaged DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2), which is part of amultiprotein UV-DDB ubiquitin ligase complex. The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has been shown to facilitate the lesion recognition step of GG-NER via its interaction with DDB2 at the lesion site. Here, we show that PARP1 plays an additional DDB2-independent direct role in recruitment and stabilization of XPC at the UV-induced DNA lesions to promote GG-NER. It forms a stable complex with XPC in the nucleoplasm under steady-state conditions before irradiation and rapidly escorts it to the damaged DNA after UV irradiation in a DDB2-independent manner. The catalytic activity of PARP1 is not required ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pyrimidine metabolism in Tritrichomonas foetus. AU - Wang, C. C.. AU - Verham, R.. AU - Sin Fu Tzeng, Fu Tzeng. AU - Aldritt, S.. AU - Cheng, H. W.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - The anaerobic parasitic protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus is found incapable of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis by its failure to incorporate bicarbonate, aspartate, or orotate into pyrimidine nucleotides or nucleic acids. Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in the cytoplasm provides the major pyrimidine salvage for the parasite. Exogenous uridine and cytidine are mostly converted to uracil by uridine phosphorylase and cytidine deaminase in T. foetus prior to incorporation. T. foetus cannot incorporate labels from exogenous uracil or uridine into DNA; it has not detectable dihydrofolate reductase or thymidylate synthetase and is resistant to methotrexate, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, and 5-bromovinyldeoxyuridine at millimolar concentrations. It has an enzyme thymidine phosphotransferase in cellular fraction ...

This is the first reported case of perforation and haemorrhage of a Meckel's diverticulum leading to the incidental finding of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour within the diverticulum. Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, however, when symptomatic, it is often misdiagnosed at presentation. Common complications presenting in adults include bleeding, obstruction, diverticulitis and perforation. Tumours within a Meckel's diverticulum are a rare but recognised complication. We discuss the management of a gastrointestinal tumour within the diverticulum. A 59-year-old Caucasian man presented with acute right iliac fossa pain with localized peritonism. At surgery, he was found to have a perforated and haemorrhagic Meckel's diverticulum, associated with a gastrointestinal stromal tumour within the apex of the diverticulum. The absence of necrosis and a low mitotic rate indicated primary resection with subsequent computed tomography surveillance to be

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemophilus influenzae pharyngitis and cellulitis in adults.. AU - Kroneman, O. C.. AU - Brody, H.. PY - 1980/11/1. Y1 - 1980/11/1. N2 - Hemophilus influenzae infections in adults are becoming more common but are often unsuspected in this age group by the primary care physician. Two case reports illustrate pharyngitis, and pharyngitis associated with cellulitis of the neck, in which H influenzae was cultured from the blood. The throat and skin are only two of the many sites for H influenzae infections in adults. As no physical signs are pathognomonic for this organism, its possible role should influence the choice of antibiotics while awaiting culture results. Newer cephalosporins, especially cefamandole and cefoxitin, appear promising in the treatment of these infections.. AB - Hemophilus influenzae infections in adults are becoming more common but are often unsuspected in this age group by the primary care physician. Two case reports illustrate pharyngitis, and pharyngitis ...

UVBR (ultraviolet-B radiation: 280 to 315 nm)-induced DNA damage, measured as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), was determined in size fractions of natural populations of bacterio- and phytoplankton collected in marine tropical waters. Mean biologically effective UVBR doses in the wind-mixed layer were calculated from DNA dosimeter data. Phytoplankton species composition in these waters was monitored using flow cytometry and pigment analyses. In terms of (divinyl-)chlorophyll a concentrations, prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria comprised the largest fraction of the phytoplankton, except in a eutrophic bay at Curacao an island located in the southern Caribbean. In terms of cell numbers and amount of DNA, small prochlorophytes and marine bacteria dominated. Small but detectable levels of UVBR-induced DNA damage were found at all locations. In general, more DNA damage was found in the small size fraction (0.2 to 1 mu m) than in the larger size fraction (1 to 10 mu m). The greatest amount of ...

Pyrimidine dimers introduce local conformational changes in the DNA structure, which allow recognition of the lesion by repair enzymes.[11] In most organisms (excluding placental mammals such as humans) they can be repaired by photoreactivation.[12] Photoreactivation is a repair process in which photolyase enzymes directly reverse CPDs via photochemical reactions. Lesions on the DNA strand are recognized by these enzymes, followed by the absorption of light wavelengths ,300 nm (i.e. fluorescent and sunlight). This absorption enables the photochemical reactions to occur, which results in the elimination of the pyrimidine dimer, returning it to its original state.[13] Nucleotide excision repair, sometimes termed "dark reactivation", is a more general mechanism for repair of lesions. This process excises the CPD and synthesizes new DNA to replace the surrounding region in the molecule.[13] Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease in humans in which the nucleotide excision repair process is ...

Using the technique of blue native gel electrophoresis, the oligomeric state of the yeast mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase was analysed. Solubilization of mitochondrial membranes with low detergent to protein ratios led to the identification of the dimeric state of the ATP synthase. Analysis of the subunit composition of the dimer, in comparison with the monomer, revealed the presence of three additional small proteins. These dimer-specific subunits of the ATP synthase were identified as the recently described subunit e/Tim11 (Su e/Tim11), the putative subunit g homolog (Su g) and a new component termed subunit k (Su k). Although, as shown here, these three proteins are not required for the formation of enzymatically active ATP synthase, Su e/Tim11 and Su g are essential for the formation of the dimeric state. Su e/Tim11 appears to play a central role in this dimerization process. The dimer-specific subunits are associated with the membrane bound F0-sector. The F0-sector may thereby be involved ...

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessive disorder that is characterized by extreme sensitivity to UV light. UV light exposure results in the formation of DNA damage such as cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) orchestrates the removal of cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts as well as some forms of bulky chemical DNA adducts. The disease XP is comprised of 7 complementation groups (XP-A to XP-G), which represent functional deficiencies in seven different genes, all of which are believed to be involved in NER. The main clinical feature of XP is various forms of skin cancers; however, neurological degeneration is present in XPA, XPB, XPD and XPG complementation groups. The relationship between NER and other types of DNA repair processes is now becoming evident but the exact relationships between the different complementation groups remains to be precisely determined. Using gene expression analysis we have identified similarities and differences after UV

Video articles in JoVE about 'taste buds' include 'The Tongue and Taste Buds', 'Isolation and Culture of Human Fungiform Taste Papillae Cells', 'Gustation', 'Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue', 'Cranial Nerves Exam II (VII-XII)', 'Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans', 'Behavioral Tracking and Neuromast Imaging of Mexican Cavefish', 'Genome Editing in Astyanax mexicanus Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)', 'Effects of Taste Signaling Protein Abolishment on Gut Inflammation in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model', 'Analysis of Developing Tooth Germ Innervation Using Microfluidic Co-culture Devices', 'Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae', 'Methods for the Study of the Zebrafish Maxillary Barbel'.

CooperVision clariti 1 day features WetLoc™ technology, a process that creates a hydrophilic lens with optimal wettability.. WetLoc is a non-surface treatment technology that manipulates the structure of hydrophobic silicone molecules so they become hydrophilic. This creates a lens that naturally attracts and binds water molecules, holding them tightly to the lens surface. WetLoc also provides continuous wettability throughout the wearing time. The result is a lens with high water content(5) that provides excellent all-day comfort for your patients.. Talk to your patients about the healthy advantages and daily convenience of clariti 1 day, the world's first and only family of silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses.. (1)Warning: UV-absorbing contact lenses are not substitutes for protective UV-absorbing eyewear, such as UV-absorbing goggles or sunglasses, because they do not completely cover the eye and surrounding area. Patients should continue to use UV-absorbing eyewear as ...

RATIONALE Intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/deoxyribonuclease (DNase) therapy for pleural infection given at the time of diagnosis has been shown to significantly improve radiological outcomes. Published cases are limited to only a single randomized controlled trial and a few case reports. OBJECTIVES Multinational observation series to evaluate the pragmatic 'real-life' application of tPA/DNase treatment for pleural infection in a large cohort of unselected patients. METHODS All patients from eight centers who received intrapleural tPA/DNase for pleural infection between January 2010 and September 2013 were included. Measured outcomes included treatment success at 30 days, volume of pleural fluid drained, improvement in radiographic pleural opacity and inflammatory markers, need for surgery, and adverse events. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 107 patients treated, the majority (92.3%) were successfully managed without the need for surgical intervention. No patients died as a result

TY - JOUR. T1 - The XPC poly-AT polymorphism in non-melanoma skin cancer. AU - Nelson, Heather H.. AU - Christensen, Brock. AU - Karagas, Margaret R.. PY - 2005/5/26. Y1 - 2005/5/26. N2 - Signature UV-DNA lesions, cyclobutane dimers and 6-4 photoproducts, are repaired via the nucleotide excision repair pathway. NER may be subdivided into transcription-coupled repair and global genome repair, and the XPC protein is specific to this latter repair pathway recognizing helix distorting lesions and initiating their repair. Inactivating XPC mutations are associated with xeroderma pigmentosa and an extremely high risk of skin cancer. A common polymorphism in intron 9 of the XPC gene has been associated with both reduced repair of UV-DNA damage (using the host-cell reactivation assay) and increased risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that the XPC PAT+ polymorphism is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer using a population-based case control study of skin ...

Linear and circular dichroic spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the effects of small DNA ligands on the interactions of two proteins which bind to the minor groove of DNA, viz. RecA protein from Escherichia coli and deoxyribonuclease I (bovine pancreas). Ligands representing three specific non-covalent binding modes were investigated: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and distamycin A (minor groove binders), methyl green (major groove binder), and methylene blue, ethidium bromide and ethidium dimer (intercalators). Linear dichroism was demonstrated to be an excellent detector, in real time, of DNA double-strand cleavage by deoxyribonuclease I. Ligands bound in all three modes interfered with the deoxyribonuclease I digestion of dsDNA, although the level of interference varied in a manner which could be related to the ligand binding site, the ligand charge appearing to be less important. In particular, the retardation of deoxyribonuclease I cleavage by the major groove binder methyl green

A specific method has been developed for the extraction and measurement of staphylococcal nuclease in cheese in which Staphylococcus aureus has grown. Ten grams of cheese sample were homogenized with ninety milliliters of pH ten buffer for three minutes. Ammonium sulfate fractionation was used and a forty to eighty percent fraction was collected and concentrated using ultrafilters. The nuclease activity was determined using a toluidine blue deoxyribonucleic acid agar slide method and a spectophotometric method. The DNA agar slide method was used to compare staphylococcal growth with nuclease production in cheese under varying conditions. When Staphylococcus aureus plate counts indicated populations of three to four thousand per milliliter, it was possible to detect nuclease in the cheese sample. A method has also been developed to detect Staphylococcus aureus colonies using DNase agar and toluidine blue, utilizing the heat stability of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease.

The rates at which lesions are removed by DNA repair can vary widely throughout the genome, with important implications for genomic stability. To study this, we measured the distribution of nucleotide excision repair (NER) rates for UV-induced lesions throughout the budding yeast genome. By plotting these repair rates in relation to genes and their associated flanking sequences, we reveal that, in normal cells, genomic repair rates display a distinctive pattern, suggesting that DNA repair is highly organized within the genome. Furthermore, by comparing genome-wide DNA repair rates in wild-type cells and cells defective in the global genome-NER (GG-NER) subpathway, we establish how this alters the distribution of NER rates throughout the genome. We also examined the genomic locations of GG-NER factor binding to chromatin before and after UV irradiation, revealing that GG-NER is organized and initiated from specific genomic locations. At these sites, chromatin occupancy of the histone ...

K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K01669 phrB; deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase [EC:4.1.99.3] K03648 UNG; uracil-DNA glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.27] K03652 MPG; DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.21] K03575 mutY; A/G-specific adenine glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.31] K10773 NTH; endonuclease III [EC:4.2.99.18] K10747 LIG1; DNA ligase 1 [EC:6.5.1.1 6.5.1.6 6.5.1.7] K10843 ERCC3; DNA excision repair protein ERCC-3 [EC:3.6.4.12] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K01520 dut; dUTP pyrophosphatase [EC:3.6.1.23] K03919 alkB; DNA oxidative demethylase [EC:1.14.11.33] K03649 mug; double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.28] ...

K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K00567 ogt; methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.63] K01669 phrB; deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase [EC:4.1.99.3] K03648 UNG; uracil-DNA glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.27] K03648 UNG; uracil-DNA glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.27] K03652 MPG; DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.21] K03575 mutY; A/G-specific adenine glycosylase [EC:3.2.2.31] K10773 NTH; endonuclease III [EC:4.2.99.18] K10747 LIG1; DNA ligase 1 [EC:6.5.1.1 6.5.1.6 6.5.1.7] K10843 ERCC3; DNA excision repair protein ERCC-3 [EC:3.6.4.12] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K03574 mutT; 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.55] K01520 dut; dUTP pyrophosphatase ...

Typical Rho GTPases include the enzymes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 that act as molecular switches to regulate essential cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as actomyosin dynamics, cell cycle, adhesion, death and differentiation. Recently, it has been shown that different conditions modulate the activity of these enzymes, but their functions still need to be better understood. Here we examine the interplay between RhoA and the NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair) pathway in human cells exposed to UVA, UVB or UVC radiation. The results show high levels and accumulation of UV-induced DNA lesions (strand breaks and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) in different cells with RhoA loss of function (LoF), either by stable overexpression of negative dominant RhoA (RhoA-N19 mutant), by inhibition with C3 toxin or by transient silencing with siRNA. Cells under RhoA LoF showed reduced levels of γH2AX, p-Chk1 (Ser345) and p-p53 (Ser15) that reflected causally in their accumulation in G1/S phases, in low survival

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a mechanism to recognize and repair bulky DNA damage caused by compounds, environmental carcinogens, and exposure to UV-light. In humans hereditary defects in the NER pathway are linked to at least three diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). The repair of damaged DNA involves at least 30 polypeptides within two different sub-pathways of NER known as transcription-coupled repair (TCR-NER) and global genome repair (GGR-NER). TCR refers to the expedited repair of lesions located in the actively transcribed strand of genes by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). In GGR-NER the first step of damage recognition involves XPC-hHR23B complex together with XPE complex (in prokaryotes, uvrAB complex). The following steps of GGR-NER and TCR-NER are similar ...

Endonuclease III; DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N- glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate (219 aa ...

Wat Phra Dhammakaya has been subject to considerable controversy, changing in nature throughout the temple's history, e.g. in the 1970s being accused of communist sympathies, but in the 1990s being accused of, ironically, capitalism.[253][15] The "pervasiveness and longevity" (Scott) of controversies surrounding Wat Phra Dhammakaya have been subject of speculation by scholars and news analysts. The temple's emphasis on merit-making through donations in particular has been a major focus of criticism in the temple's recent history, especially during the 1990s at the backdrop of the Asian Financial Crisis.[254][48][50]. According to theologist Rory Mackenzie, Wat Phra Dhammakaya has been criticized by the more traditional Thai Sangha and public for their marketing methods, which are seen as "this worldly", with an emphasis on giving in order to attain wealth in this life and the next.[255] The temple has sometimes been described as a prosperity movement, because the temple teaches how giving leads ...

ATC code J07 Vaccines is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the WHO for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup J07 is part of the anatomical group J Antiinfectives for systemic use. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version. J07AC01 Anthrax antigen J07AD01 Brucella antigen J07AE01 Cholera, inactivated, whole cell J07AE02 Cholera, live attenuated J07AE51 Cholera, combinations with typhoid vaccine, inactivated, whole cell J07AF01 Diphtheria toxoid J07AG01 Hemophilus influenzae B, purified antigen conjugated J07AG51 Hemophilus influenzae B, combinations with toxoids J07AG52 Hemophilus influenzae B, combinations with pertussis and toxoids J07AG53 Hemophilus influenzae B, combinations with meningococcus C, conjugated J07AH01 Meningococcus A, purified polysaccharides antigen J07AH02 Other ...

Molecular model of a UV-damaged DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule. The ultraviolet light has caused two thymine bases to form a thymine dimer. - Stock Image C025/1765