Objective: The composition of the salivary interface (pellicle) between dental restorations and oral mucosa may be critical to the biocompatibility of the restoration. The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular composition of the salivary pellicle on nickel-chromium alloy in vivo. Method and materials: The molecular components of nickel-chromium pellicle was examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses. Results: Only limited numbers of salivary proteins were found to participate in the formation of nickel-chromium pellicle in vivo. Salivary amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A were among the proteins identified in the pellicle. Conclusion: In vivo, nickel-chromium pellicle consists of selectively adsorbed salivary proteins. Because both salivary amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A are antimicrobial proteins, it is possible that they play a role in modulating the microbial flora on the nickel-chromium prosthesis ...

The dental pellicle, or acquired pellicle, is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate. It forms in seconds after a tooth is cleaned or after chewing. It protects the tooth from the acids produced by oral microorganisms after consuming carbohydrates. Plaque is a biofilm composed of several different kinds of bacteria and their products that develop over the enamel on a layer known as pellicle. The process of plaque formation takes several days to weeks and will cause the surrounding environment to become acidic if not removed. The surface of enamel attracts salivary glycoproteins and bacterial products creating the pellicle layer. This thin layer forms on the surface of the enamel within minutes of its exposure. These glycoproteins include proline rich proteins that allow bacterial adhesion. The first bacteria to attach to these pellicle glycoproteins are gram positive ...

The aim was to investigate if honey causes erosion and if salivary pellicle modified with honey, or its components, or the by-product propolis has a protective effect against dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers. The tested substances were: 3 types of honey, methylglyoxal (MGO), hydrogen peroxide, propolis. First in the erosion experiment, 120 human enamel specimens were covered with salivary pellicle and modified with the substances. Then they were eroded with 1% citric acid, pH 3.6 for 2 min, before surface hardness was measured. In the microbiological assay, the enamel specimens (n = 126) covered with modified salivary pellicle were contaminated with bacterial suspensions. The antimicrobial activity of each substance and their effect on early bacterial colonizer adhesion and biofilm formation were determined. Despite a low pH, honey did not cause erosion. On the other hand, pellicle modification with the tested solutions did not protect the enamel from erosion. ...

from saliva on the surface of teeth. It prevents excess deposits of Ca2+PO43- (calculus deposit minerals) and also prevents demineralization of enamel. Both depositing bumps or eroding crevices allows bacteria to adhere to teeth and avoid being washed into the stomach. Therefore, the dental pellicle can prevent adhesion of bacteria to the tooth surface. However, oral bacteria can adhere to the dental pellicle. Furthermore, saliva contains minerals that produce calculus, making the relationship between saliva, dental pellicle and the oral microbiome complicated. This illustrates the delicate balance that must be maintained in the oral cavity: too many bacteria can lead to ...

A pellicle is proposed in which the frame is made of an aluminum alloy and at least the inner wall of the frame is entirely coated with a pure aluminum layer, which preferably has a purity of 99.7% or

One word had escaped the etymology dragnet Ive set up to write my Anglica Brewtannica series: Pellicle. How had I missed pellicle? It sure sounds kinda medieval. Or like one of T.S. Eliots cats (Jellicles, Pollicles). Come to think on it, I kinda know what one is regarding beer, but do I […]. ...

Now the walls are now cut, it can be solved out the pulp, the cores, - best from the Middle, top starting. Here you can also break it, which facilitates release of nuclei. As a tip, you can still remember that, the easiest way is for you to try the whole thing in a bowl with water. Then, there would be no splashes and the white release pellicle come off easier ...

Molecularly imprinting (MI) hydrogels for selective adsorption of trypsin are reported. The trypsin imprinted hydrogels were prepared using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based dimethacrylate as a crosslinker and anionic functional monomers. The hydrogel prepared without any functional monomers showed significantly low ability to adsorb a variety of proteins. We optimized the concentration and the length of PEG units of the crosslinkers to achieve the complete removal of the template molecule and suitable selective adsorption. Additionally, the functional monomers chosen were anionic since the template, trypsin, is a basic protein. The adsorption tests for proteins, done on the prepared MI gels, indicated that the MI gel prepared with sodium allyl sulfonate (AS) as a functional monomer showed much higher selective adsorption for trypsin, even though a mixture of trypsin and cytochrome c was used as the protein solution. The selective adsorption was more effective in a NaCl solution in which the ...

Formation of salivary pellicles is a prerequisite of bacterial colonization on the tooth and the aim of this study has been to further the understanding of the role of surface properties in formation of the salivary pellicle and subsequent adhesion of oral bacteria. Surface modification as a means of interfering with pellicle and plaque formation has been investigated. Five different silicone-containing compounds were used for the surface treatments: polydimethylsiloxane containing aminoalkyl groups (I), polydimethylsiloxane containing partially neutralized aminoalkyl groups (II), ethyl silicate (III), potassium methyl siliconate (IV) and sodium silicate (V). Studies of water wetting, surface charge, oral bacterial adherence, pellicle and plaque formation were performed on glass slides, hydroxyapatite beads or teeth coated by the test compounds. No correlation was found between contact angle and surface charge, and evidently hydrophobicity, as expressed by water wetting, is not necessarily an ...

Although a detailed picture of the initiation and regulation of daughter cell formation is emerging (Suvorova et al., 2015; Francia and Striepen, 2014), the coordination and assembly of the pellicle as the last step of budding is much less clear. In order to follow the PPM development through the erythrocytic cycle, we first generated a PPM marker that allows analysis of the PPM in living cells. PFF1210w is annotated as an integral 6-transmembrane domain protein and as a putative sphingomyelin-synthetase (SMS1, Fig. 4A). Overexpressed as an mCherry fusion protein, it localized at the periphery of the developing parasite (Fig. 4B; Fig. S3; Movie 3). It also highlights one or more cavities - specific PPM domains of yet unknown function (Grüring et al., 2011) - and colocalizes with the membrane marker fluorophore-labeled BODIPY©-FL C5-sphingomyelin lipid (Fig. 4D). Additionally, SMS1-mCherry plasma membrane association was verified through colocalization with the merozoite surface protein 1 ...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is still not ready for high-volume manufacturing, but the technology is at least moving in the right direction. Both the [gettech id=31045 comment=EUV] light source and resists are making noticeable progress, even though there are still challenges in the arena. And then, there is the EUV mask infrastructure, which also has some gaps. When EUV i... » read more ...

The American Homebrewers Association Forum is the place to talk craft beer, trade tips on how to brew, show off your homebrewing equipment, and exchange beer, mead and cider recipes. Join the homebrewing community today by registering for the AHA forum. Its free!

Devices, systems, and methods reduce levels of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators in blood by selective adsorption. The devices, systems, and methods are useful in situations where abnormal levels of or unregulated or excessive interaction among pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators occur, or during events that do induce or have the potential for inducing abnormal production of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators. The devices, systems, and methods serve to prevent, control, reduce, or alleviate the severity of the inflammatory response and disease states that are associated with abnormal levels of or unregulated or excessive interaction among pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulators or mediators.

402 PA THOGENIC BA CTERIA. The granular appearance becomes continuously more marked, and usually a central or peripheric nucleus, completely opaque, is seen. In time the entire colony becomes opaque, but does not liquefy gelatin. Stroke-cultures on obliquely solidified gelatin exhibit brilliant, opaque, little drops similar to drops of milk. In bouillon it develops slowly, without either pellicle or flocculi. The culture upon agar-agar is said to be characteristic. If grown at 37 C., the peculiar appearances of the colonies do not develop; but if the culture is kept at 20 - 22 C, the colonies appear rounded, whitish, opaque, and prominent, like drops of milk. This appearance of the colonies shows well if the cultures are kept for the first twelve to sixteen hours at 37 C., and afterward at room- temperature, when the colonies will show a flat central nucleus, transparent and bluish, surrounded by a promi- nent and opaque zone, the whole resembling a drop of sealing-wax. Sanarelli refers to this ...

Then, one could inoculate the medium, distribute the culture into a series of tubes, grow cells in the tubes and withdraw one tube at a time to spin the cells down to determine wet or dry cell weight. For that the empty tubes should be pre-weight beforehand of course. I would suggest drying the cells with acetone by gradual increase of volume percentage from 50 to 75 and finally 100% (2 or three times), drying the tubes at 60C overnight and weighing them shortly after they cool down. Emir DKafkewitz ,dkafkewitz at aol.com, wrote in message news:20020829092913.03916.00003233 at mb-fn.aol.com... , If you can get the Acetobacter to grow in suspended culture, any of the methods , mentioned will work. But I believe Acetobacter grows mostly as a pellicle on , the surface of liquids. This presents a much tougher problem. If surface growth , is what you are dealing with you should look into the biofilm literature. You , might also want to have alook at Pirts book on Microbial Cultivation for some , ...

The salivary protein, statherin, plays an important role in enamel homeostasis. It forms a bioactive complex with calcium and phosphate releasing these ions when pH decreases. Statherin also forms part of the enamel pellicle forming a protective barrier against bacterial and dietary acids. The purpose of this thesis was two-fold: firstly, to study the effect of a 21 amino acid peptide identical to the N terminus of Statherin (StN21) on enamel de - and remineralisation in vitro and secondly, to undertake biocompatibility assays of this peptide to demonstrate its safety for use in a clinical trial. X-ray microtomography (XMT) is a quantitative, non-destructive method of measuring mineral change. Using XMT to quantify mineral changes, StN21 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in demineralisation rate when compared to control lesions exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Whole Statherin protein and sodium fluoride solutions were used as positive controls and were found to have ...

The introduction of the combination of open metal site (OMS) and π-complexation into MOF has led to very high ethylene-ethane adsorption selectivity at 318 K, as illustrated in the context of MIL-101-Cr-SO3Ag. The interactions with ethylene from both OMS and π-complexation in MIL-101-Cr-SO3Ag have been inves

Scalers have pointed ends and are used to remove deposits of supragingival calculus and plaque. These dental instruments can have tips at either one or both ends. The various types of scalers are designed to work in specific areas such as anterior, posterior or buccal/lingual surfaces ...

Scalers have pointed ends and are used to remove deposits of supragingival calculus and plaque. These dental instruments can have tips at either one or both ends. The various types of scalers are designed to work in specific areas such as anterior, posterior or buccal/lingual surfaces ...

Stabilized, ready-to-use solution of 40% (w/v) acrylamide : bisacrylamide(29:1). AccuGel 29:1 has zero acrylic acid content, eliminating the fixed charges that cause band streaking. Additionally, oxidation products such as aldehydes have been removed by a selective adsorption process. With AccuGel 29:1, you can trust that your results will be consistent from one electrophoretic run to the next. AccuGel 29:1 reduces exposure to neurotoxic acrylamide dust by eliminating the need for handling and weighing solid acrylamide and methylene bisacrylamide, which often leads to airborn particulate that can be readily inhaled.For your protection, AccuGel 29:1 is supplied in PVC coated shatter-proof bottles. AccuGel 29:1 is stable for 24 months when stored tightly capped in a dark area at room temperature ...

This exclusive, highly acclaimed, intensely rejuvenating treatment dramatically reduces visible lines and wrinkles.• The Energizing Serum is applied after cleansing and exfoliation to ensure better penetration into the skin.• Next the Intensive Complex is carefully massaged into the skin, preparing it for the application and activation of the Collagen Pellicle.• The treatment concludes with an application of the velvety Vitality Cream, leaving your skin feeling as silky and smooth as it looks.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Selective adsorption of vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate on silica-packed fixed-bed columns. AU - Chu, Boon-Seang. AU - Baharin, Badlishah Sham. AU - Che Man, Yaakob B.. AU - Quek, Siew Young. PY - 2009/11. Y1 - 2009/11. N2 - Understanding the behavior of vitamin E adsorption during chromatographic separation was useful for a better control of the process. In this study, a pre-concentrated vitamin E fraction from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was subjected to a normal phase silica-packed fixed-bed column for further purification. The effect of various operational parameters i.e. column bed height, vitamin E inlet concentration, column temperature and flow rate on column performance were detailed. It appeared that the breakthrough curves of all systems showed a typical S-shaped profile. The service time of the column increased when increasing the column bed height, or reducing the inlet concentration, column temperature and flow rate. It was found that column ...

The cell cortex (or pellicle) of Tetrahymena is composed of three closely associated layers: the cell membrane, the alveolar sacs, and the epiplasm. The epiplasm is the innermost layer of the cortex and is thought to ...

The malaria parasite invades the midgut tissue of its mosquito host as a motile form called the ookinete. We have examined the pellicle of the ookinete of Plasmodium gallinaceum by freezefracture and quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy. The general organization is analogous to that of invasive stages of other members of Apicomplexa. The pellicle is composed of three membranes: the plasma membrane, and the two linked intermediate and inner membranes, which in the ookinete form one flattened vacuole that is located beneath the plasma membrane. The edges of this vacuole form a longitudinal suture. Beneath the vacuole is found an array of microtubules that are connected to the inner membrane by intramembranous particles. During freezefracture, the membranes can split along their hydrophobic planes, thus yielding six fracture faces, each of which displays a characteristic pattern of intramembranous particles. Additionally, we find that the ookinete pellicle differs from all other apicomplexan ...

A family of proline-rich proteins that constitute the majority of the protein component of SALIVA. Salivary proline-rich proteins occur as acidic, basic and glycosylated basic proteins. They perform a variety of functions such as adhering to the acquired ENAMEL PELLICLE, acting as lubricants and precipitating TANNINS ...

We report a porous and green three dimensional (3-D) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-graphene sponge with hydrophobic and oleophilic properties using the sugar templating method. The prepared sponge exhibited high adsorption performance for the removal of petroleum products, organic solvents and emulsified oil-w

Recent studies have shown that zeolite can be applied through an ion-exchange process to remove metals from solutions. In this paper the potential of two zeolites to perform as sorbents for treatment of multi-metal system is investigated. Parameters such as initial metal concentration, contact time, zeolite type and affinity for heavy versus light metals are taken into consideration. All the samples were prepared and characterized by XRD, XRF and FTIR. Evaluating suitable model for the determination of binding affinity, the results showed that the pseudo second order kinetic model was adequate for such prediction. The binding affinity followed the order Co,Cu,Ca,Mg which was mainly correlated to the electronegativity of the metals. The FT-IR spectra revealed that the functional group -OH was mostly responsible for the binding of metals on the two zeolites. The zeolites studied have shown preferential binding of heavy metals and can therefore be used to mitigate the level of such pollutant in ...

Alternative matrices play a major role in postmortem forensic toxicology, especially if common matrices (like body fluids or hair) are not available. Incorporation of illicit and medicinal drugs into non-mineralized dental biofilm (plaque) seems likely but has not been investigated so far. Analysis of plaque could therefore extend the spectrum of potentially used matrices in postmortem toxicology. For this reason, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the extraction, determination and quantif

NEW Advanced Defence Gum Treatment cuts gingival bleeding by 50.9% (p,0.001) in just 4 weeks when used after brushing1.. Johnson & Johnson is pleased to announce the launch of Advanced Defence Gum Treatment, the newest mouthwash in a range that addresses specific oral care conditions.. Plaque is the major cause of gum disease2,3.. Used as an adjunct to mechanical cleaning, Advanced Defence Gum Treatment helps to treat gum disease, as it is formulated with LAE (Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate) technology, which forms a physical coating on the pellicle to prevent bacteria from accessing and attaching to the pellicle proteins, interrupting plaque biofilm formation and maturation1.. An alternative to chlorhexidine-based remedies, this twice-daily mouthwash is clinically proven to treat gum disease as an adjunct to mechanical cleaning. It has been shown to significantly reduce gum disease at twoweeks (p,0.001) and cut gingival bleeding by 50.9% (p,0.001) in just 4 weeks1.. In addition, Advanced Defence Gum ...

Since I do not have a barrel, my experiment involves splitting this batch in two. One half (two gallons) goes into a carboy with an airlock, where it will ferment and age like any other batch. The other half (also two gallons) goes into a second carboy which, instead of an airlock, received a foam stopper covered with tinfoil. The foam stopper and tinfoil will keep out any unwanted nasties, but will also allow the beer to receive a steady amount of oxygen. How much? Too much? Its hard to say. Thats why this is an experiment, and why I split the batch in two. I imagine that, despite the foam stopper, the beer will be covered in a blanket of CO2 for some time, and will hopefully not become oxidized as if I had shaken it aggressively post-fermentation. I can already note that, about two weeks from brew day, the O2-Exposure portion has formed a pellicle, while the airlock portion has not... which isnt surprising. Im expecting that Bretts ability to form a pellicle will help regulate oxidation ...

Disclosed is a process for purifying an impure anthracyclinone glycoside by selective adsorption of a slightly acidic aqueous solution of an impure glycoside on at least one resin and subsequent de-absorption of the purified glycoside by elution with acidic water or a mixture of water and a polar solvent.

I picked up a vial to try to get a Norman-style dry cider. I sued 6 gallons of Simply brand apple must, added medium toast French oak chips, pectic enzyme and yeast nutrient. The primary fermentation was fast and vigorous, producing a significant krausen and finishing in three days.. I left the cider in the primary for one month and checked for Brett aromas, but got none. I then racked it to a glass secondary and added isinglass and it dropped crystal clear. Last weekend, after a month in glass, it was much as when I first racked it, crystal clear and no Brett. So, I figured I would bottle this weekend.. Lo and behold, it got slightly hazy and developed a pellicle during that week and began to get barnyard Brett aromas. Ill just leave that as is until the Brett does its thing then prime and bottle it.. ...

My daughter started doing her prep today for colonoscopy tomorrow. She is on her fifth glass of the drink to cleanse her and has not gone to restroom at all. On the paperwork it said within first hour she would be having diarrhea. Is this normal? She has problems with constipation on a daily basis so is this the reason its taking her longer? Should we be worried ...

QIAquick 96 Kits contain a silica-membrane assembly for binding of DNA in high-salt buffer and elution with low-salt buffer or water. The purification procedure removes primers, nucleotides, enzymes, mineral oil, salts, agarose, ethidium bromide, and other impurities from DNA samples. Silica-membrane technology eliminates the problems and inconvenience associated with loose resins and slurries. Specialized binding buffers are optimized for specific applications and promote selective adsorption of DNA molecules within particular size ranges. The QIAquick 96 procedure allows parallel purification of up to 96 PCR samples using efficient vacuum-driven purification on a QIAvac 96. The QIAquick 96 PCR BioRobot Kit is a special kit format optimized for use on the BioRobot 9600 (no longer available), the BioRobot 3000 (no longer available) and the BioRobot 8000. The kit provides QIAquick 96 modules, together with all buffers and plasticware required for automated high-throughput cleanup of 96 PCR ...

All rumen ciliates whether grown in vivo or in vitro contain bacteria in vesicles in their endoplasm and attached to the outside of the pellicle. However studies in the electron microscope show that...

Euglena. Unrestricted, Euglena moves in a rotating motion using its flagella. When restricted between slide and coverslip, the pellicle gives and the Euglena can flex using its internal contractile machinery. - Stock Video Clip K003/2857

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by host, agent, and environmental factors. Mutans streptococci (MS) is the primary etiologic agent of dental caries. Through adhesion, MS attaches to the dental pellicle and breaks down sugars for energy to produce lactic acid, causing an acidic environment around the tooth. As a result, demineralization of the enamel and, subsequently, the dentin occurs. Factors involved in the dental caries process include the tooth, bacteria in the form of a dental plaque, and a diet containing sugar. The quantity, quality, and frequency of sugar intake have a definitive influence on the incidence and prevalence of caries.. Dental caries can affect the human in various ways i.e. presence of tooth pain, infection or dysfunction of the stomatognathic system can limit the necessary ingestion of energetic foods, affecting the growth in children and adults as well as their learning, communication skills and recreational activities. Moreover, oral and pharyngeal ...

SUMMARY: Euglena gracilis pellicle, separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, had a high cobalamin (Cb1) binding activity. Of the Cb1 binding protein 65% was solubilized from E. gracilis pellicle by using 0.1% SDS/2 M-urea and the residual 35% by using 1% (w/v) SDS. Both of the Cb1 binding protein fractions showed a broad pH dependence for the binding of Cb1. No evidence for the involvement of SH-groups or metal ions in Cb1 binding was obtained. The K s values for cyanocobalamin of the proteins solubilized with 0.1% SDS/2 M-urea and with 1% SDS were 0.22 and 0.19 nM, respectively. The M r of a Cb1 binding polypeptide of each protein was estimated to be 38000 by SDS-PAGE. The Cb1 binding protein solubilized with 0.1% SDS/2 M-urea was purified to homogeneity. Inhibition experiments on Cb1 uptake in E. gracilis cells, using an antibody against the Cb1 binding protein solubilized with 0.1% SDS/2 M-urea, showed that the Cb1 binding proteins solubilized with 0.1% SDS/2 M-urea and 1% SDS take part

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous material, in which metal nodes are connected using organic linkers. The properties of MOFs are highly tunable due to the combination of nodes and linkers available. Additionally, individual metal atoms on the nodes can be exchanged and exposed to create tailored open metal sites, thus resulting in a well-defined binding site immobilized on a support with controllable pore size. In this work, we investigate the reactivity of this site in a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validation, focusing on the adsorption energy of gases in metal-exchanged MOFs. Here, we focus on the application of open metal sites in MOFs in the separation of ethane/ethylene and propane/propylene via selective adsorption of alkenes over alkanes.. We have calculated the binding energies for a variety of adsorbates (C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, CO2, CH4, H2, N2, CO) in order to model the reactivity of the open metal site. Since DFT ...

Martínez‐Esaín, J. , Puig, T. , Obradors, X. , Ros, J. , Yáñez, R. , Faraudo, J. and Ricart, S. (2018) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. . doi:10.1002/anie.201806273. A fast and single‐step preparation of patchy LnF3 faceted‐charge nanocrystals are described. These hexagonal faceted nanocrystals allow the spontaneous selective adsorption of cations or anions in the different faces, producing stable and well‐defined patches of different charge. The mechanism for the formation of the patches and the properties of the obtained nanocrystals were characterized by a combination of experimental techniques and all‐atomic molecular dynamics simulations. The spontaneous dual‐charged surface as well as the luminescence effects that can be achieved by doping host-LaF3 systems make these new nanocrystals interesting both from a fundamental point of view and for a wide range of applications. ...

Unscramble glucans, Unscramble letters glucans, Point value for glucans, Word Decoder for glucans, Word generator using the letters glucans, Word Solver glucans, Possible Scrabble words with glucans, Anagram of glucans

Short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell; although flagella-like in structure, generally present in many copies and not involved in motility. Plays a role in adherence to surfaces and in the formation of pellicle s. See also pilus . * The finger-like projections at the ends of the fallopian tube s which face the ovaries. The fimbria collect released ova and deliver them into the tubes, which then carry the ovum or ova into the uterus ...

En CD4 oppregning metoden, α-test, er beskrevet som bruker hele spytt for å gi raske og nøyaktige CD4-tall. De α-test koster pennies og ...

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Sewell, R.D.E and Lane, S (2006) Endotoxins and glucans: environmental troublemakers. The Biologist, 53 (3). pp. 129-134. ISSN 0006-3339 ...

Zeolites Y were modified by ion-exchange method, and their structural properties were examined using N2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and chemical composition analysis. The dynamic adsorption of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) on different ion-exchanged zeolites Y was conducted on a fixed-bed adsorption column. The effects of gas hourly space velocity, operation temperature, and composition of the feed gas on the performance of

General Information: Acetobacter aceti IFO 3283, was originally isolated from a pellicle (a kind of biofilm) on the surface of vinegar fermentation. Acetobacter pasteurianus is an acetic acid-producing bacterium commonly found associated with plants and plant products. This organism is used in the production of fermented foods, such as kefir, and vinegar. ...

Hasma is sold dried as irregular flat pieces and flakes ranging from 1-2 cm in length and 1-5 mm in thickness. Individual pieces are yellowish-white in colour with a matte lustre, whose surface may be covered with off-white pellicles. When rehydrated, dried hasma can expand up to 10-15 times in size.. The dried hasma is rehydrated and double-boiled with rock sugar to create a glutinous texture and opaque color. Dried or rehydrated hasma has a slight fishy smell. In its unflavoured form it is sweet and slightly savory in taste with a texture that is glutinous, chewy, and light, very similar to that of tapioca in a dessert.. ...

Bacterial plaque is a deposit of microorganisms that forms a biofilm on the surfaces within the mouth. The dental biofilm is formed by macromolecules that a

About the authors vii Preface ix. Chapter 1 Introduction to oral microbiology 2. Commensals and pathogens. Oral diseases. Chapter 2 In the beginning 4. The first microbes. Microbial basis of infectious disease. Miller and the chemoparasitic theory of caries. Oral and dental research. Chapter 3 Caries as an infectious disease 6. Dental caries as a transmissible disease. Streptococcus mutans. Mutans group streptococci. Link between S. mutans and dental caries. Immunity to caries. Chapter 4 General properties of saliva 8. Saliva production. Protective role of saliva. Salivary pellicle. Saliva as a nutrient. Chapter 5 Salivary mucins and agglutinins 10. Composition of mucins. Properties of mucins. Bacterial agglutination. Chapter 6 Secretory Immunoglobulin A 12. Production of S-IgA. Functions of S-IgA. Inactivation of salivary defenses. Development of S-IgA. The window of infectivity. Selective IgA deficiency. Chapter 7 Anti-microbial properties of saliva 14. Anti-microbial components in ...

Background: Previous studies have shown that high molecular-weight non-dialysable material derived from cranberry juice (NDM) inhibits co-aggregation of a variety of oral bacteria.. Objectives: In the present study, we examined the effect of NDM on several constituents of the dental biofilm, glucosyltransferase (GTF) and fructosyltransferase (FTF), as well as on the adhesion of Streptococcus sobrinus.. Results: The activity of immobilized and soluble GTF and FTF was inhibited by NDM (P , 0.05). NDM also inhibited adhesion of S. sobrinus to hydroxyapatite (P , 0.05).. Conclusions: Our results indicate that NDM may affect biofilm formation. One of the proposed mechanisms is via inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, which promote the sucrose-dependent adhesion of oral bacteria as S. sobrinus.. ...

The glideosome is an actomyosin-based machinery that powers motility in Apicomplexa and participates in host cell invasion and egress from infected cells. The central component of the glideosome, myosin A (MyoA), is a motor recruited at the pellicle by the acylated gliding-associated protein GAP45. In Toxoplasma gondii, GAP45 also contributes to the cohesion of the pellicle, composed of the inner membrane complex (IMC) and the plasma membrane, during motor traction. GAP70 was previously identified as a paralog of GAP45 that is tailored to recruit MyoA at the apical cap in the coccidian subgroup of the Apicomplexa. A third member of this family, GAP80, is demonstrated here to assemble a new glideosome, which recruits the class XIV myosin C (MyoC) at the basal polar ring. MyoC shares the same myosin light chains as MyoA and also interacts with the integral IMC proteins GAP50 and GAP40. Moreover, a central component of this complex, the IMC-associated protein 1 (IAP1), acts as the key determinant ...

A series of copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and the more hydrophobic comonomer N-tert-butylacrylamide (NTBAM), with increasing NTBAM content (i.e. increasing hydrophobicity) were prepared. The adhesion of human endothelial cells on polymer films prepared from copolymers of NIPAM:NTBAM was observed to increase with increasing polymer hydrophobicity. However, in the absence of serum, cell adhesion to the different surfaces was statistically indistinguishable. Thus, it appears that the copolymer films differentially support cell adhesion due to selective adsorption of proteins from the physiological environment (the serum). Using contact angle measurements, molecular simulations and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the different surfaces, we show evidence that the different behavior of the films of increasing hydrophobicity is actually due to the different chemical properties of the surfaces with increasing content of NTBAM in the copolymers. As the NTBAM content is increased, the ...

Generally, an immunoaffinity SPR biosensor detects a target analyte in a sample through highly selective adsorption by using the antigen–antibody interaction. For improving the sensitivity, various kinds of particles have been added to the already bound analytes on the SPR biosensor (sandwich assay). In this work, signal amplification was demonstrated by the expression of the IgG-binding Z-domain of protein A on the outer membrane of Escherichia coli via Autodisplay. The amount of Z-domain of protein A expressed on the outer membrane was calculated to be 280,000 molecules per cell. In addition, the IgGbinding ability of the expressed proteinwas characterized using FACS analysis. The signal amplification of the SPR biosensor was performed in the sandwich assay format using a model of horseradish peroxidase (HRP); the limit of detectionwas determined to be significantly improved from1 g/ml to 1 ng/ml. Finally, myoglobin analysis was demonstrated for the medical diagnosis of cardiac ...

The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the influence of fillers in resin composites on the initial bacterial adhesion. For this investigation the strains of S. mutans and S. sanguinis ere used. Additionally, the influence of a pellicle, the inhibitor BHT and silane-treatment of the filler on the bacterial adhesion were examined. The adhesion of the two strains S. mutans and S. sanguinis was also compared. The 13 tested materials were experimental composites, based on the same monomer matrix. One of the composites was without fillers (Grundmasse). The other twelve composites showed a filler-weight fraction of 30%. Two different materials of fillers were used (SiO2, Ba-Al-B-Silikat) with different specific surfaces (0,6 to 150 m2/g). Two materials (K6 0% BHT, K6 1% BHT) differed in silane-treatment of the fillers (silane-treated or not silane-treated). For six composites (Ox 50, R709, DT4, GK 0,7 UF silane-treated, K6 silane-treated, K6 not silane-treated) there was a difference in the ...

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