Last week the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that dengue is the worlds fastest-spreading tropical disease. As reported by Reuters, dengue is a threat that is present in more than 125 countries.. The WHO estimates that 50 and 100 million dengue infections occur worldwide every year, but acknowledges that this is likely a conservative figure. The CDC estimates that about 2.5 billion people, or 40% of the worlds population, live in areas where there is a risk of dengue transmission. The areas in which dengue is endemic include Asia, Africa and Latin America, but it is present on all continents.. Dengue fever is caused by any one of four dengue virus serotypes and is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito species. Infection with one serotype does not provide immunity against other dengue serotypes, and multiple infections put people at risk for dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue symptoms typically begin four to seven days following the ...

Dengue fever is a severe health problem in tropical areas, with two-thirds of the world population at risk of infection (24). Four virus serotypes and even more quasispecies can be differentiated both in the transmitting insect (A. aegypti) and in the blood of patients with acute dengue fever (26). During recent decades Europe has been free of dengue infections, but as a result of increasing tourism every year several thousand tourists return to European countries with acute dengue fever.. In the second half of 1998 we diagnosed 172 dengue patients. All patients were European tourists, most of whom had experienced a disease with high fever and headache for several days. Usually early serum samples were taken 4 to 8 days after the onset of symptoms. Therefore, early serum samples without dengue virus antibodies at all or with either IgG or IgM antibodies were obtained from only 25 patients (15%). In 20 early samples viral RNA could be demonstrated by TaqMan PCR, in one case even in the presence ...

Author Summary India represents ~50% of the global population estimated to be at risk of dengue. Severe dengue, which is potentially fatal, correlates with very high virus load, reduction in platelet counts and haemorrhage. Antiviral therapy to reduce high virus load may be beneficial in attenuating disease severity. We have explored Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda, to identify plants that could be a source of dengue inhibitory activity. We show that an alcoholic extract prepared from Cissampelos pareira Linn inhibited the replication of dengue viruses in living cells in culture and protected mice against dengue infection. It also showed antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, this extract did not show any toxic effects in rats and did not affect platelets and red blood cells. This observation is critical as dengue fever is commonly treated with antipyretics. In a dengue-endemic resource-poor country as India, the C. pareira plant may serve as a source for the development of an

Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are considered the most medically important and widespread mosquito-bor...

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical resource-poor countries. Dengue illness can range from a nonspecific febrile illness to a severe disease, Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), in which patients develop circulatory failure. Earlier diagnosis of severe dengue illnesses would have a substantial impact on the allocation of health resources in endemic countries. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We compared clinical laboratory findings collected within 72 hours of fever onset from a prospective cohort children presenting to one of two hospitals (one urban and one rural) in Thailand. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to develop diagnostic algorithms using different categories of dengue disease severity to distinguish between patients at elevated risk of developing a severe dengue illness and those at low risk. A diagnostic algorithm using WBC count, percent monocytes, platelet count, and hematocrit achieved 97% sensitivity to identify patients who went on to develop DSS while

Abstract. Recombinant live-attenuated chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine viruses, TDV-1, -2, -3, and -4, contain the premembrane and envelope genes of dengue virus serotypes 1-4 in the replicative background of the attenuated dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) PDK-53 vaccine strain. Previous results have shown that these recombinant vaccine viruses demonstrate limited infection and dissemination in Aedes aegypti and are unlikely to be transmitted by the primary mosquito vector of DENVs. In this report, we expand this analysis by assessing vector competence of all four serotypes of the TDV virus in Aedes albopictus, the secondary mosquito vector of DENVs. Our results indicate that these vaccine viruses demonstrate incompetence or defective infection and dissemination in these mosquitoes and will likely not be transmissible.

Dengue fever is a serious threat for public health and induces various inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including galectins and glycoproteins. Diverse immune responses and immunological pathways are induced in different phases of dengue fever progression. However, the status of serum galectins and glycoproteins is not fully determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum concentration and potential interaction of soluble galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-9, galectin-3 binding protein (galectin-3BP), glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and E-, L-, and P-selectin in patients with dengue fever in acute febrile phase. In this study, 317 febrile patients (187 dengue patients, 150 non-dengue patients that included 48 patients with bacterial infection and 102 patients with other febrile illness) who presented to the emergency department and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Our results showed the levels of galectin-9 and galectin-3BP were significantly higher in dengue patients than those in healthy

Death because of fever is increasing day by day. Dengue fever is the main type of fever which leads to this increased mortality rate It is important to prevent the disease. if the disease caused have to be treated properly. Proper medicine and the rest is the main defensive way to prevent dengue fever dengue fever is also called break bone fever. Dengue fever is a viral disease the dengue virus which is spread by mosquito is the main reason behind dengue fever.. If once dengue fever host it will make antibodies over the body for the lifetime the first time of dengue fever is known as Type 1 dengue fever is Dengue fever caused more than one time then then it would be type 2 dengue fever.. ...

Schon mal was von dem gefährlichen Virus Denguefieber gehört? Mindestens genauso ansteckend ist der treibende Cumbia-Future-Sound des Duos Dengue Dengue Dengue! aus der peruanischen Millionenmetropole Lima. Mit wobbeligen Bässen ausgeliehen aus dem Dubstep, futuristischen Sounds seziert aus dem Techno und psychedelischen Sounds inspiriert aus der 70er Jahre Cumbia-Chicha hebt Dengue Dengue Dengue! den Cumbia-Digital Sound auf ein neues Level. Auf den Live-Shows von Dengue Dengue Dengue! bekommt man das Gefühl mit einem UFO direkt auf dem peruanischen Inkatempel Machu-Pichu zu landen - inmitten eines futuristischen Technoraves mit Ausblick über den amazonischen Urwald. Dengue Dengue Dengue! ist ein junges Duo bestehend aus Felipe Salmon und Rafael Pereira. Beide sind auch Teil des Colectivo Auxiliar, ein peruanisches Sound-Laboratorium. Der Name Dengue Dengue Dengue! entspringt einer Enrique Lynch Platte, der darauf einen Rhythmus spielt, der sich Dengue nennt. Das Projekt überzeugt von ...

Currently, several assays can diagnose acute dengue infection. However, none of these assays can predict the severity of the disease. Biomarkers that predicts the likelihood that a dengue patient will develop a severe form of the disease could permit more efficient patient triage and allows better supportive care for the individual in need, especially during dengue outbreaks. We measured 20 plasma markers i.e. IFN-γ, IL-10, granzyme-B, CX3CL1, IP-10, RANTES, CXCL8, CXCL6, VCAM, ICAM, VEGF, HGF, sCD25, IL-18, LBP, sCD14, sCD163, MIF, MCP-1 and MIP-1β in 141 dengue patients in over 230 specimens and correlate the levels of these plasma markers with the development of dengue without warning signs (DWS−), dengue with warning signs (DWS+) and severe dengue (SD). Our results show that the elevation of plasma levels of IL-18 at both febrile and defervescence phase was significantly associated with DWS+ and SD; whilst increase of sCD14 and LBP at febrile phase were associated with severity of dengue disease

TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibodies against thrombin in dengue patients contain both anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities. AU - Chuang, Yung Chun. AU - Lin, Yee Shin. AU - Liu, Hsiao Sheng. AU - Wang, Jen Reng. AU - Yeh, Trai Ming. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Dengue virus (DENV) infection may result in severe life-threatening Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The mechanisms causing haemorrhage in those with DHF are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies against human thrombin were increased in the sera of Dengue patients but not in that of patients infected with other viruses. To further characterise the properties of these antibodies, affinity-purified anti-thrombin antibodies (ATAs) were collected from Dengue patient sera by thrombin and protein A/L affinity columns. Most of the ATAs belonged to the IgG class and recognized DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). In addition, we found that dengue patient ATAs also cross-reacted with human plasminogen (Plg). Functional studies in ...

In the 20th century dengue fever became one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics. The dengue virus is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. There are four distinct serotypes of dengue arbovirus (DENV-1, 2, 3, 4). According to the World Health Organization, a person infected by one of the dengue viruses can develop symptoms ranging from the classical self-limiting form characterized by high temperature, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia to the severe, potentially fatal, form known as dengue shock syndrome. For over 40 years the main explanation for the pathogenesis of dengue has been based on the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) concept stating that enhancing antibodies acquired during a primary infection increase the number of infected cells, and thus the level of viremia, during secondary infection. However the severity of dengue is not limited to dengue shock syndrome and there are many cases that do not conform to the ADE concept. A meta-analysis could

Infection by flaviviruses such as dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV) impact millions of lives and cause tens of thousands of mortalities each year. Dengue is a global public health emergency especially since there is no preventative vaccine or antiviral treatment for dengue disease. Dengue: Methods and Protocols offers the increasing number of dengue researchers a one-stop protocol book with techniques compiled from the leading laboratories working on dengue. Chapters cover topics such as dengue virus isolation from clinical samples, quantification of human antibodies against the virus, assays to quantify the virus particles, the widely used mouse model to study dengue pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral efficacies. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and

As of Feb. 6, there were 12,904 suspected cases of dengue reported in 2016, including 49 deaths. This is slightly higher than that reported during the same period in 2015 when 12,766 cases were reported.. Dengue is an important arboviral infection that continues to cause a substantial public health burden in Asia and the Pacific.. Dengue is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes. It is a febrile illness that affects infants, young children and adults with symptoms appearing 3-14 days after the infective bite.. Dengue is not transmitted directly from person-to-person and symptoms range from mild fever, to incapacitating high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rash.. Related: Dengvaxia now available in the Philippines: Sanofi Pasteur. Severe dengue (also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever) is characterized by fever, abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding and breathing difficulty and is a ...

This study describes the natural history of dengue virus (DENV) infection in rhesus monkeys exposed to the bites of DENV-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue virus-infected mosquitoes were generated by either intrathoracic inoculation or by oral feeding on viremic blood meals. Each of the six rhesus monkeys that were fed upon by intrathoracically infected mosquitoes developed NS1 antigenemia and an IgM response; viremia was detected in 4/6 individuals. No virological or immunological evidence of DENV infection was detected in the three monkeys exposed to mosquitoes that had been orally infected with DENV. These results demonstrate the utility of mosquito-borne challenge of rhesus monkeys with DENV.

|i|Introduction.|/i| Dengue fever is an arboviral disease, which is transmitted by mosquito vector and presents as varied clinical spectrum of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS), and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) with atypical presentations, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Unless we are aware of these presentations, diagnosis as well as early initiation of treatment becomes difficult. We studied the various clinical presentations of dengue infection during an outbreak of disease in 2015.|i| Materials and Methods|/i|. A total of 115 confirmed cases of dengue infection from Department of Medicine of Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, were enrolled in this observational study.|i| Results.|/i| The common signs and symptoms of dengue infection were fever, headache, body ache, backache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding manifestations, and rash in 100%, 87%, 86%, 58%, 41%, 21%, and 21%, respectively. Nonspecific or warning

AFUCOSYLATED MATERNAL ANTI-DENGUE IGGS ARE A BIOMARKER FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SEVERE DENGUE DISEASE IN INFANTS. Researchers at Stanford, funded in part by the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, have developed a method for determining infant susceptibility to severe dengue disease through measurement of maternal anti-dengue IgG. Mortality rates in severe dengue disease can exceed 20% when patients are not hospitalized but can be reduced to less than 1% with inpatient care. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for increased susceptibility to dengue disease could dramatically reduce mortality rates by enabling early hospitalization of those at highest risk for disease progression. Here, the inventors conducted a global analysis of anti-dengue IgGs from mothers of infants with known disease severity during primary dengue infections in order to identify features of maternal IgGs that indicate dengue disease risk in infants.. Stage of Research The glycosylation state of the IgG Fc domain plays a role in ...

Dengue is not transmitted directly from person-to-person. Instead, it is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes. It is a febrile illness that affects infants, young children and adults. Symptoms range from mild fever to incapacitating high fever with rash, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, as well as muscle and joint pain. The disease is also known as breakbone fever due to the severe pain it can cause. Severe dengue (also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever) affects mainly children, and is characterized by fever, abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding and breathing difficulty - it is potentially deadly.. The WHO estimates that about half of the worlds population is now at risk. However, at this time, there is no licensed vaccine or any specific medicine to treat dengue. Fortunately, there is hope. Several vaccines are in the final steps of development, with the one produced by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi Pasteur ...

Dengue continues to be a major international public health concern. Despite that, there is no clinically approved antiviral for treatment of dengue virus (DENV) infections. In this study, geraniin extracted from the rind of Nephelium lappaceum was shown to inhibit the replication of DENV-2 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effect of geraniin on DENV-2 RNA synthesis in infected Vero cells was tested using quantitative RT-PCR. The in vivo efficacy of geraniin in inhibiting DENV-2 infection was then tested using BALB/c mice with geraniin administered at three different times. The differences in spleen to body weight ratio, DENV-2 RNA load and liver damage between the three treatment groups as compared to DENV-2 infected mice without geraniin administration were determined on day eight post-infection. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the decrease in viral RNA synthesis of infected Vero cells when treated with geraniin. Geraniin seemed to provide a protective effect on infected BALB/c mice liver

Three tetravalent formulations of chimeric dengue (DENVax) viruses containing the pre-membrane and envelope genes of serotypes 1-4 expressed by the attenuated DENV-2 PDK-53 genome were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Subcutaneous injection of the DENVax formulations was well-tolerated. Low levels of viremia of only one of the four vaccine viruses were detected yet virus neutralizing antibody titers were induced against all four dengue virus serotypes after one or two administrations of vaccine. All animals immunized with the high-dose formulation were protected from viremia, and all immunized animals were completely protected from DENV-3 and DENV-4 challenge. A lower dose of DENVax formulation partially protected animals from DENV-1 or DENV-2 challenge. In contrast, all control animals developed high levels of viremia for multiple days after challenge with DENV 1-4. This study highlights the immunogenicity and efficacy of the ...

For countries considering vaccination as part of their dengue control program, a pre-vaccination screening strategy would be the preferred option, in which only dengue-seropositive persons are vaccinated.. Conventional serological testing for dengue virus IgG (e.g. dengue IgG ELISA) could be used to identify persons who have had previous dengue infections. Sensitivity and specificity of dengue IgG ELISA should be assessed in a local context, and will depend on the prevalence of other flaviviruses, and past use of flavivirus vaccines (such as Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever vaccines). Currently available rapid diagnostic tests - despite their lower sensitivity and specificity to detect past dengue infection compared with conventional dengue IgG ELISA - could be considered in high transmission settings until better tests are available. In settings with high dengue transmission (high numbers of seropositives), a test with lower specificity might be acceptable.. The pre-test probability of ...

To investigate clinical course and outcome of dengue with acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to identify related risk factors for acquiring ARF in dengue, we retrospectively studied 11 dengue patients with ARF. From June to December 2002, a total of 606 adult patients were diagnosed as having dengue. Eleven (1.8%) of 606 dengue patients had complications of ARF. The main causes of ARF were sepsis (n = 6, 54.5%) and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding (n = 3, 27.3%). The mortality rate was 72.7% (n = 8). Additionally, univariate analysis showed that age, dyspnea, cough, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, acute hepatic failure, UGI bleeding, and combination bacterial infection were significantly predictive variables associated with dengue patients with ARF.

Background Dengue pathogen (DENV) contamination may trigger serious hemorrhagic disease in human beings. when KU812 cells had been transfected with the autophagy-inhibiting Atg4BC74A mutant. Findings/Significance Our outcomes demonstrate a significant induction of autophagy in antibody-enhanced DENV contamination of pre-basophil-like KU812 and immature mast cell-like HMC-1 cells. Also, autophagy takes on an essential part in DENV contamination and duplication in these cells. Provided the importance of ADE and FcR-bearing cells such as monocytes, basophil/mast and macrophages cells in dengue disease, the outcomes offer information into dengue pathogenesis and restorative means of control. Intro Dengue disease is usually a serious wellness issue in exotic or subtropical areas of the globe [1], [2]. Dengue computer virus (DENV) contamination can trigger 1255517-77-1 supplier moderate dengue fever to serious life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue surprise symptoms [3]C[5]. Many systems ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification of five interferon-induced cellular proteins that inhibit West Nile virus and dengue virus infections. AU - Jiang, Dong. AU - Weidner, Jessica M.. AU - Qing, Min. AU - Pan, Xiao Ben. AU - Guo, Haitao. AU - Xu, Chunxiao. AU - Zhang, Xianchao. AU - Birk, Alex. AU - Chang, Jinhong. AU - Shi, Pei Yong. AU - Block, Timothy M.. AU - Guo, Ju Tao. PY - 2010/8. Y1 - 2010/8. N2 - Interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the host innate antiviral immune response. To identify IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that instigate an antiviral state against two medically important flaviviruses, West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV), we tested 36 ISGs that are commonly induced by IFN-α for antiviral activity against the two viruses. We discovered that five ISGs efficiently suppressed WNV and/or DENV infection when they were individually expressed in HEK293 cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that two structurally related cell plasma membrane proteins, IFITM2 and IFITM3, disrupted ...

Dengue disease (DENV) an infection of human beings is presently the main arthropod-borne viral global risk, for which zero suitable or reliable pet model exists. Reviews addressing the result of DENV on vascular elements apart from endothelial cells lack. Dengue virus an infection of vascular even muscle cells, which play a physiological compensatory response to hypotension in arterioles and arteries, is not characterized, hence precluding our knowledge of the function of these vascular parts in dengue pathogenesis. Consequently, we analyzed the permissiveness of main human being umbilical artery clean muscle mass cells (HUASMC) to DENV 1C4 illness and compared with the infection in the previously reported main human being umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the classically used, non-transformed, and highly permissive Lilly Laboratories Cell-Monkey Kidney 2 cells. Our outcomes present that HUASMC are successful and vunerable to an infection using the four DENV serotypes, although to a ...

The Philippines and Thailand share a common history when it comes to dengue because it was in these two countries where the dengue hemorrhagic fever, a lethal complication of dengue fever, was first reported and identified in the 1950s.. Fifty-eight years later, dengue fever has become a major international public health concern considering that majority of those affected are children ages between one and 10 years old.. Hospitalized. Though dengue fever is usually not a fatal disease, young patients are more likely to be hospitalized especially if they develop high fever, severe headache, strain in muscles and rashes.. If left unmanaged, dengue fever could kill up to 20 percent of those infected as the patient develops life-threatening conditions like bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage (dengue hemorrhagic fever) and circulatory failure (dengue shock syndrome).. According to Dr. Lyndon Lee Suy, program manager of the Department of Healths Emerging and Reemerging ...

Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as a vector that will carry the virus into the human body through mosquito bites. The first infection can give symptoms as dengue fever. If that person gets repeated infections by different dengue virus type will cause a different reaction. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever can occur when someone who has been infected with dengue the first time, had recurrent infections of other dengue virus. the virus to replicate in the regional lymph nodes and spread to other tissues, especially the reticuloendothelial system and skin as well as haematogenous bronkogen. The body will form virus-antibody complexes in blood circulation and therefore would lead to activation of the complement system resulting in the release of C3a and C5a anafiloksin thus increased permeability of blood vessel walls. Will occur also release ADP platelet aggregation, thrombocyte vasoaktif release that are increasing capillary permeability and the release of thrombocyte ...

Link to Pubmed [PMID] - 30753180. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Feb;13(2):e0007116. BACKGROUND: Transmission of dengue virus (DENV) from humans to mosquitoes represents a critical component of dengue epidemiology. Examinations of this process have generally been hampered by a lack of methods that adequately represent natural acquisition of DENV by mosquitoes from humans. In this study, we assessed artificial and natural blood feeding methods based on rates of DENV infection and dissemination within mosquitoes for use in a field-based epidemiological cohort study in Iquitos, Peru.. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our study was implemented, stepwise, between 2011 and 2015. Participants who were 5 years and older with 5 or fewer days of fever were enrolled from ongoing clinic- and neighborhood-based studies on dengue in Iquitos. Wild type, laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti were fed directly on febrile individuals or on blood collected from participants that was either untreated or treated with EDTA. ...

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics and Africa, and caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.The geographical spread is similar to malaria, but unlike malaria, dengue is often found in urban areas of tropical nations, including Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, India and Brazil. Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti (rarely Aedes albopictus) mosquito, which feeds during the day.. Dengue (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4), of the genus Flavivirus. Infection with one of these serotypes provides immunity to only that serotype for life, so persons living in a dengue-endemic area can have more than ...

Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It is endemic in Malaysia, as it is in most tropical countries. Worldwide, dengue is also the fastest spreading mosquito-borne viral diseases. Symptoms can range from a mild fever to severe dengue fever with bleeding, accumulation of fluid in the lungs and abdomen, shock and death. Dengue doesnt choose who it affects, anybody can get dengue, whether young or old, woman or man. Health clinic staff and doctors would usually advise patients to drink more water if they are suspected to have dengue fever. Whether this is beneficial or not has not been well studied so far. If oral (by mouth) fluid intake is beneficial, the next question is how to improve the delivery of this advice to dengue patients who come to the primary health care clinics. A simple fluid chart has been designed that patients suspected of having dengue fever should complete every day for as long as they are being followed up by their doctor for the condition. The patient with ...

Dengue is fast emerging pandemic-prone viral disease in many parts of the world. Dengue flourishes in urban poor areas, suburbs and the countryside but also affects more affluent neighbourhoods in tropical and subtropical countries.. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. The incidence of dengue has increased 30-fold over the last 50 years. Up to 50-100 million infections are now estimated to occur annually in over 100 endemic countries, putting almost half of the worlds population at risk.. Severe dengue (previously known as dengue haemorrhagic fever) was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. Today it affects Asian and Latin American countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children and adults in these regions.. The full life cycle of dengue fever virus involves the role of mosquito as a ...

Selangor is by far the most affected state with it closing in on 20,000 cases, accounting for 60 percent of all cases in the southeast Asian country.. Last week, 75 percent of construction sites inspected were ordered closed for cleaning of Aedes mosquito breeding sites, according to a Sun Daily report Friday.. According to the World Health Organization, dengue is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes. It is a febrile illness that affects infants, young children and adults withsymptomsappearing 3-14 days after the infective bite. As many as 400 million people areinfectedyearly.. Dengue is not transmitted directly from person-to-person and symptoms range from mild fever, to incapacitating high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rash. There is no vaccine or any specific medicine to treat dengue. People who have dengue fever should rest, drink plenty of fluids and reduce the fever using paracetamol or ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tri-phasic fever in dengue fever. AU - Pradeepa, H. D.. AU - Rao, Sathish B.. AU - Ganaraj, B.. AU - Bhat, Gopalakrishna. AU - Chakrapani, M.. PY - 2018/4/1. Y1 - 2018/4/1. N2 - Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness with a duration of 2-12 days. Our observational study observed the 24-h continuous tympanic temperature pattern of 15 patients with dengue fever and compared this with 26 others with fever due to a non-dengue aetiology. A tri-phasic fever pattern was seen among two-thirds of dengue fever patients, but in only one with an inflammatory disease. One-third of dengue fever patients exhibited a single peak temperature. Continuous temperature monitoring and temperature pattern analysis in clinical settings can aid in the early differentiation of dengue fever from non-dengue aetiology.. AB - Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness with a duration of 2-12 days. Our observational study observed the 24-h continuous tympanic temperature pattern of 15 patients with dengue ...

Dengue vaccine development has made significant strides, but a better understanding of how vaccine-induced immune responses correlate with vaccine efficacy can greatly accelerate development, testing, and deployment as well as ameliorate potential risks and safety concerns. Advances in basic immunology knowledge and techniques have already improved our understanding of cell-mediated immunity of natural dengue virus infection and vaccination. We conclude that the evidence base is adequate to argue for inclusion of assessments of cell-mediated immunity as part of clinical trials of dengue vaccines, although further research to identify useful correlates of protective immunity is needed.

Recent dengue outbreaks in the Caribbean and Central and South America and the presence of competent mosquito vectors increase the likelihood of future autochthonous transmission in Florida. During April 1997 to March 1998, a laboratory-based active surveillance program detected 18 cases of dengue involving all four dengue serotypes. All patients reported recent travel to countries with indigenous dengue transmission. These results demonstrate that dengue infections are imported into Florida at a much higher rate than reflected by previous passive surveillance; therefore, the risk for local dengue transmission may be increasing.

A serologic survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that 3% to 5% of residents in the Old Town area of Key West, Fla., had dengue virus infections in the late summer of 2009, according to a report published online today by Emerging Infectious Diseases. The finding shows the potential for the reemergence of dengue virus in subtropical parts of the United States, the authors said. The survey was conducted after a dengue infection was reported in a person who had traveled to Key West. The researches chose 911 households within 1 kilometer of where the index case had stayed; they were able to test 240 residents in 170 households. Thirteen (5%) of the residents tested positive for acute (2), recent (6), or presumptive recent (5) dengue infections. Also, 16 other people had evidence of previous dengue infections, with antibodies against multiple dengue serotypes. Infection was more likely in those who kept windows open more than half the time, had a yard more than half ...

Infection with one virus does not protect a person against infection with another. A person can be infected by at least two, if not all four types of the dengue virus at different times during a life span, but only once by the same type. People contract dengue fever from the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they bite infected humans, and later transmit infection to others.If not treated properly, dengue hemorrhagic fever may occur. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is severe and often fatal.Dengue fever can be caused by any one of four types of dengue virus:. ...

Geographic expansion of dengue incidence has drawn a global interest to identify the influential factors that instigate the spread of this disease. The objective of this study was to find the environmental factors linked to dengue incidence in a dengue epidemic area of Nepal by negative binomial models using climatic factors from 2010 to 2017. Minimum temperature at lag 2 months, maximum temperature and relative humidity without lag period significantly affected dengue incidence. Rainfall was not associated with dengue incidence in Chitwan district of Nepal. The incident rate ratio (IRR) of dengue case rise by more than 1% for every unit increase in minimum temperature at lag 2 months, maximum temperature and relative humidity, but decrease by .759% for maximum temperature at lag 3 months. Considering the effect of minimum temperature of previous months on dengue incidence, the vector control and dengue management program should be implemented at least 2 months ahead of dengue outbreak season.

We all hear about the rising cases of dengue, chikungunya, malaria due to the breeding of mosquitoes in the monsoon season. According to the civic bodies, the National Capital Region has reported 284 new dengue cases in the last ten days, taking the total to 771. There were around 50,000 dengue cases which were reported last year.. India has observed a 14 times increase in the number of dengue cases reported between 2007 and 2013 (as per National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme) with symptoms that require hospitalisation for its treatment. Such rise in dengue cases has resulted in an increase in the health insurance claims in past years as per the insurers.. What is dengue?. Dengue or break-bone fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease which is mainly found in the tropical and subtropical countries. This disease is caused by one of the four related dengue viruses and is an infectious disease. It is a life-threatening disease, and there is no vaccination or drug available to cure the ...

Dengue fever (DF) is an arthropod-borne disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). DENV is a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Recently, DENV has been reported as an important emerging infectious viral pathogen in Sudan. Multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of DF have been frequently reported in the eastern region of Sudan. The present study was conducted to confirm DENV outbreak in Kassala State, eastern Sudan, 2019, and to provide some information on the molecular characterization of the DENV isolate associated with the disease outbreak. A hundred serum samples were collected during the outbreak from residents of Kassala State, Sudan, 2019. ELISA was used to detect DENV non structural protein NS1 (DENV-NS1) in acute phase sera sampled during the disease outbreak. RT-PCR assays were used to amplify a fragment of the capsid/pre-membrane region (CprM) of the viral polyprotein gene. The PCR products of the amplified CprM region of the viral polyprotein gene were purified and partial

Dengue (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4), of the genus Flavivirus. Infection with one of these serotypes provides immunity to only that serotype for life, so persons living in a dengue-endemic area can have more than one dengue infection during their lifetime. DF and DHF are primarily diseases of tropical and sub tropical areas, and the four different dengue serotypes are maintained in a cycle that involves humans and the Aedes mosquito. However, Aedes aegypti, a domestic, day-biting mosquito that prefers to feed on humans, is the most common Aedes species. Infections produce a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. Important risk factors for DHF include the strain of the infecting virus, as well as the age, and especially the prior dengue infection history of the patient ...

Abstract. Dengue virus (DENV) infection usually presents with mild self-limiting dengue fever (DF). Few however, would present with the more severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In the present study, the association between IL-12B, IL-10 and TNF-α gene polymorphisms and dengue severity was investigated. Methods: A case-control study was performed on a total of 120 unrelated controls, 86 DF patients and 196 DHF/DSS patients. The polymorphisms in IL-12B, IL-10 and TNF-α genes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and PCR-sequencing methods. Results: A protective association of TNF-α -308A allele and -308GA genotype against DHF/DSS was observed, while TNF-α -238A allele and -238GA genotype were associated with DHF/DSS. A combination of TNF-α -308GA+AA genotype and IL-10 non-GCC haplotypes, IL-12B pro homozygotes (pro1/pro1, pro2/pro2) and IL-12B 3UTR AC were significantly correlated with protective effects against DHF/DSS. An association between ...

The rapid spread of dengue is a worldwide public health problem. In two clinical studies of dengue in Managua, Nicaragua, we observed an abrupt increase in disease severity across several epidemic seasons of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) transmission. Waning DENV-1 immunity appeared to increase the risk of severe disease in subsequent DENV-2 infections after a period of cross-protection. The increase in severity coincided with replacement of the Asian/American DENV-2 NI-1 clade with a new virus clade, NI-2B. In vitro analyses of viral isolates from the two clades and analysis of viremia in patient blood samples support the emergence of a fitter virus in later, relative to earlier, epidemic seasons. In addition, the NI-1 clade of viruses was more virulent specifically in children who were immune to DENV-1, whereas DENV-3 immunity was associated with more severe disease among NI-2B infections. Our data demonstrate that the complex interaction between viral genetics and population dynamics of ...

Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue viruses. There are four distinct but related virus serotypes all of which can cause dengue fever or the more serious forms of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

The Brazilian Ministry of Health has reported 746,000 registered cases of Dengue fever and 229 confirmed deaths since January 2015 [1,3]. This marks a 234% increase in Dengue cases and a 45% increase in Dengue deaths since the previous year [3]. Although nine states are currently experiencing an outbreak of Dengue, more than half of these cases occurred in São Paulo, which also happens to be Brazils most populous state [1]. To date, São Paulo has had three times as many Dengue cases as there were reported in 2014 [1].. Dengue Fever. Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female mosquito [1-5]. Dengue can be found in tropical and sub-tropical climates across the globe, primarily in urban and semi-urban areas [5]. This places about half of the worlds population at risk [5]. The incubation period for Dengue fever is 4 to 10 days [5]. Symptoms last about 2 to 7 days and include: high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint ...

Despite its heavy toll, the prevention and clinical treatment of dengue infection has been a dramatic failure in public health compared to other infectious diseases like HIV, said Ping Liu of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Now, new research by Liu and her colleagues could offer vital insight into the mechanism of dengue virus entry into cells -- and aid vaccine and clinical drug development.

The mosquito transmitted RNA virus dengue virus (DENV) shows significant variation as a consequence of the lack of proofreading activity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that synthesizes new virus genomes. How this variation affects DENV replication, and how this in turn impacts drug development remains largely unknown. Given the technical limitations in working with large numbers of isolates few studies have sought to investigate this area. This study used a panel of 14 DENV isolates of different serotypes and origins to determine how much virus replication in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells was affected by DENV variability. The results showed that there was considerable variation, with peak titers ranging from 6Log10 to 8Log10, and maximum titer being reached from day 3 to day 9 post infection. While strains from DENV 1 and 4 serotypes showed considerable uniformity, DENV 2 and 3 strains showed much greater variation. Overall, these results show that serotype specific strain variation can have a

Dengue viruses are members of the Flaviviridae, transmitted principally in a cycle involving humans and mosquito vectors. In the last 20 years the incidence of dengue fever epidemics has increased and hyperendemic transmission has been established over a geographically expanding area. A severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is an immunopathologic disease occurring in persons who experience sequential dengue infections. The risk of sequential infections, and consequently the incidence of DHF, has risen dramatically, first in Asia and now in the Americas. At the root of the emergence of dengue as a major health problem are changes in human demography and behavior, leading to unchecked populations of and increased exposure to the principal domestic mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Virus-specified factors also influence the epidemiology of dengue. Speculations on future events in the epidemiology, evolution, and biological expression of dengue are presented.. ...

Dengue virus is a human pathogen that causes dengue fever, which can either resolve after mild fever or lead to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. The role of dengue virus levels in the blood and the kinetics of infection and immune response that results in severe dengue disease in humans is not well characterized. In this study, we analyzed 97 children with varying degrees of dengue disease, and we show that the dengue virus quantity in blood does not show any significant association with severe disease. However, most severe dengue patients had lower levels of interferons and Th1 cytokines and increased levels of secreted factors such as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 that could potentially cause leakage in blood capillaries. Our results indicate that monocytes, which are infected with dengue virus in patients, could possibly play a major role in dengue pathogenesis. Furthermore, using computational analysis we identified association of some of the secreted factors with severe disease ...

The dengue viruses are spread by mosquitoes and infect up to 390 million individuals annually in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. Dengue disease has emerged as the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of humans. Dengue virus infection generally results in dengue fever, a debilitating but self limited febrile disease. However, complications may arise, leading to the potentially fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndromes (DHF/DSS). Despite intensive research over recent years, the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS is still poorly understood and there is neither a safe and effective vaccine nor suitable anti-viral treatments to control dengue disease.. Current investigations in the laboratory focus on understanding the role of specific viral proteins in the virus lifecycle and the role they play in perturbing host cellular processes. Our studies use a dengue virus reverse genetic system, in combination with structural, biochemical and high throughput transcriptomic and ...

Author Summary Dengue disease is a tropical and subtropical mosquito-borne viral illness and is a major health concern in the Philippines. To determine the dengue disease burden in the Philippines and identify gaps and future research needs, we conducted a literature analysis and review to describe the epidemiology of dengue disease. We used well-defined methods to search and identify relevant research conducted between 2000 and 2011. This long-term review highlights an increase in the reported incidence of dengue disease in the Philippines. The rising incidence of dengue disease may be related to a growing population, increasing urbanization, improvements in surveillance, and the limited success of vector control measures. Gaps in the epidemiological information available in the Philippines during the period 2000-2011 include comprehensive national and regional data that describe the proportion of severe dengue disease, including hospitalizations and mortality, and incidence data per 100,000 population

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of cognitive parameters in dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. AU - Tsai, Jih Jin. AU - Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya. AU - Chen, Po Chih. AU - Liu, Li Teh. AU - Hsiao, Hui Mien. AU - Lo, Yu Chih. AU - Perng, Guey Chuen. PY - 2013/12/5. Y1 - 2013/12/5. N2 - Dengue is becoming recognized as one of the most important vector-borne human diseases. It is predominant in tropical and subtropical zones but its geographical distribution is progressively expanding, making it an escalating global health problem of today. Dengue presents with spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic, undifferentiated mild fever, dengue fever (DF), to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without shock (DSS), a life-threatening illness characterized by plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability. Currently, there are no antiviral modalities or vaccines available to treat and prevent dengue. Supportive care with close monitoring is the standard clinical ...

In the absence of truly effective and sustainable vector control measures, a dengue vaccine is urgently needed. While dengue vaccines have been under development since the 1940s, due to the limited appreciation of global dengue disease burden and of the potential markets for dengue vaccines, the industrys interest languished throughout much of the 20th century.. In recent years, however, the development of dengue vaccines has accelerated dramatically. Sanofi Pasteurs Dengvaxia® became the first dengue vaccine to be licensed for use in 2015. Today, several other vaccines are in various stages of advanced development, with clinical trials currently underway.. Vaccine development for dengue is particularly challenging because dengue fever is caused by any of four related, but distinct, virus serotypes (DENV-1-4). While infection by one virus provides lifelong immunity against that serotype, it provides only partial and transient immunity against the other three. This means that an effective ...

The main target populations for the tetravalent live attenuated dengue virus vaccine are indigenous populations, especially infants less than 2 years old, residing in areas of the world endemic for dengue and at risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The presence of maternal dengue antibody during the first year of life makes it unlikely that a vaccine given during that time will have long-term efficacy, as the vaccine virus would likely be neutralized prior to necessary replication. Children older than 18 months may have preexisting flavivirus antibody. Therefore, vaccination of infants living in Thailand early in the second year of life (between the ages of 12 and 18 months) seems most beneficial. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine in flavivirus antibody naïve infants beginning at 12-15 months of age.. ...

Medical information, Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Definition of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, symptoms of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, treatment of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and prevention of Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Exams and Tests Dengue hemorrhagic fever.

In this study the prevalence of dengue virus IgG antibodies among first-generation Surinamese immigrants was 81%. Although seroprevalence studies among Surinamese inhabitants are not available, this is comparable with the results from seroprevalence studies among populations in Latin America [10-13]. It seems like immigration to a non dengue endemic country causes little difference in dengue seroprevalence between the Surinamese immigrants and the majority of populations living in dengue-endemic areas of the Americas and the Caribbean get infected with the dengue virus.. As expected, the seroprevalence of previous DENV infection in our study was positively related to the duration participants had lived in Suriname before immigration. This is in line with studies performed among persons living in dengue-endemic countries in Latin America where they found higher seroprevalence rates of DENV antibodies by increasing age, which can be seen as a marker for duration of exposure [13, 14].. A limitation ...

BACKGROUND: Sri Lanka has been affected by epidemics of dengue infections for many decades and the incidence and severity of dengue infections have been rising each year. Therefore, we investigated the age stratified seroprevalence of dengue infections in order to facilitate future dengue vaccine strategies. In addition, since the symptomatic dengue infections have increased during the past few decades, we also investigated the possible association with Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) antibody seropositivity with symptomatic dengue in a community cohort in Sri Lanka. METHODS: 1689 healthy individuals who were attending a primary health care facility were recruited. Dengue and JEV antibody status was determined in all individuals and JEV vaccination status was recorded. RESULTS: 1152/1689 (68.2%) individuals were seropositive for dengue and only 133/1152 (11.5%) of them had been hospitalized to due to dengue. A significant and positive correlation was observed for dengue antibody seropositivity and age

Dengue has a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection, undifferentiated fever and dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DHF and DSS are the most severe forms of the disease, as they involve bleeding and hypovolemic shock and may lead to death if they are not diagnosed early and treated correctly. Every year, about 36 million cases of DF, of which about 2.1 million cases are DHF/DSS resulting in 21,000 deaths among children and young adults, are reported. Dengue not only has negative effects on public health worldwide but also poses significant economic burden. However, no licensed vaccines or (specific) anti-viral therapies for prevention or treatment of dengue are available. Thus, timely diagnosis and an accurate prognosis of severe dengue in the first few days of illness for clinical triage, treatment management, disease surveillance and research activities are vital and very helpful. We conducted three studies ...

The NEJM article reported results from a new pooled efficacy analysis of individuals 9 years of age and older at vaccination from the two Phase III studies of Sanofi Pasteurs dengue vaccine. The new analysis documented that the vaccine protects two-thirds of these individuals (66%) against dengue, providing even greater protection against two clinically relevant manifestations of dengue, namely severe dengue (93%) and prevention of hospitalizations due to dengue (80%) that account for the greatest human and economic burden of dengue in endemic countries. In addition, the dengue vaccine candidate protected volunteers 9 years of age and older who were previously exposed to dengue (82%), as well as those who were naïve to dengue (52.5%) prior to vaccination ...

Dengue fever, a viral disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, can spread rapidly in explosive epidemics. In Puerto Rico, dengue is a seasonal disease estimated to be responsible for more than 1,000 hospitalizations annually. Dengue transmission is influenced by the behavior of Aedes aegypti, movement and distribution of humans, and virus development within the mosquito. The role of each of these factors is poorly understood, in part, because of the absence of studies on the spatialtemporal patterns of dengue cases. Furthermore, recent failures of mosquito control programs designed to reduce dengue transmission indicate that long standing assumptions about the dispersal of dengue virus by mosquitoes are incorrect. The spatial and temporal distribution of dengue cases reported to the Centers for Disease Controls dengue surveillance system during a 1991-92 outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico, and a normal transmission season (May 1994 - June 1995) in Ponce, Puerto Rico, were studied using ...

Dengue shock syndrome: A syndrome due to the dengue virus that tends to affect children under 10, causing abdominal pain, hemorrhage (bleeding) and circulatory collapse (shock). Known also as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), it starts abruptly with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms with sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Shock occurs after 2 to 6 days with sudden collapse, cool clammy extremities, weak thready pulse, and blueness around the mouth (circumoral cyanosis). There is bleeding with easy bruising, blood spots in the skin (petechiae), spitting up blood (hematemesis), blood in the stool (melena), bleeding gums and nosebleeds (epistaxis). Pneumonia and heart inflammation (myocarditis) may be present. The mortality is appreciable ranging from 6 to 30%. Most deaths occur in children. Infants under a year of age are especially at risk of death. It is also called Philippine or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The exploration of risk factors of concurrent bacteraemia in patients critically ill with severe dengue. AU - Chen, Chin Ming. AU - Chan, Khee Siang. AU - Cheng, Kuo Chen. AU - Chou, Willy. AU - Chao, Hui Chun. AU - Yeh, Chiu Yin. AU - Yu, Wen Liang. PY - 2016/12/1. Y1 - 2016/12/1. N2 - We investigated the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with concomitant severe dengue infection and bacteraemia to identify risk factors for this comorbidity. The records of all ICU dengue patients admitted during the period of 31 July-30 November 2015 were reviewed. Patients with concurrent bacteremia (positive bacterial blood culture within 72 h of ICU admission) were identified. ICU admission was required for 142 patients, of which 22 (15.5%) had concurrent bacteraemia. Species of the genus Streptococcus was the most common pathogens, followed by Escherichia coli then species of the genus Staphylococcus. Patients with a severe dengue infection and bacteraemia had higher ...

Carica papaya leaf juice (CPLJ) was well known for its thrombocytosis activity in rodents and dengue patients. However, the effect of CPLJ treatment on other parameters that could contribute to dengue pathogenesis such as nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) production and viremia level have never been highlighted in any clinical and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of freeze-dried CPLJ treatment on NS1 and viremia levels of dengue fever mouse model. The dengue infection in mouse model was established by inoculation of non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus (DEN-2) in AG129 mice. The freeze-dried CPLJ compounds were identified by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry analysis. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ, starting on day 1 post infection for 3 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected from submandibular vein for plasma NS1 assay and

Carica papaya leaf juice (CPLJ) was well known for its thrombocytosis activity in rodents and dengue patients. However, the effect of CPLJ treatment on other parameters that could contribute to dengue pathogenesis such as nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) production and viremia level have never been highlighted in any clinical and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of freeze-dried CPLJ treatment on NS1 and viremia levels of dengue fever mouse model. The dengue infection in mouse model was established by inoculation of non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus (DEN-2) in AG129 mice. The freeze-dried CPLJ compounds were identified by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry analysis. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ, starting on day 1 post infection for 3 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected from submandibular vein for plasma NS1 assay and

Carica papaya leaf juice (CPLJ) was well known for its thrombocytosis activity in rodents and dengue patients. However, the effect of CPLJ treatment on other parameters that could contribute to dengue pathogenesis such as nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) production and viremia level have never been highlighted in any clinical and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of freeze-dried CPLJ treatment on NS1 and viremia levels of dengue fever mouse model. The dengue infection in mouse model was established by inoculation of non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus (DEN-2) in AG129 mice. The freeze-dried CPLJ compounds were identified by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry analysis. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ, starting on day 1 post infection for 3 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected from submandibular vein for plasma NS1 assay and

The new WHO 2009 classification of dengue divides suspected cases into three categories: dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs and severe dengue. We evaluated the WHO 2009 classification vs physicians subjective clinical diagnosis (gestalt clinical impression) in a large cohort of patients presenting to a tertiary care center in southern Sri Lanka hospitalized with acute febrile illness. We confirmed acute dengue in 388 patients (305 adults ≥ 18 years and 83 children), including 103 primary and 245 secondary cases, of 976 patients prospectively enrolled with AFI. At presentation, both adults and children with acute dengue were more likely than those with other AFI to have leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Additionally, adults were more likely than those with other AFI to have joint pain, higher temperatures, and absence of crackles on examination whereas children with dengue were more likely than others to have sore throat, fatigue, oliguria, and elevated hematocrit and ...

Dengue is endemic in the U.S. Virgin Islands, but no outbreaks have been reported since 2005 (1). In November 2012, a school nurse in St. Croix reported suspected dengue in 27 (7%) of 369 students and staff members to the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) and the CDC Dengue Branch in Puerto Rico. Four of 12 patient specimens sent to the CDC Dengue Branch for diagnostic testing were confirmed as dengue. Although VIDOH had observed an increase in passive dengue reporting, reliable baseline case counts were unavailable for comparison. An investigation was begun to determine the incidence of recent dengue virus (DENV) infection in schools and islandwide. A seroincidence study was conducted at six schools in addition to the index school, using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling methodology. Of 320 participants, 40 (20%) of 203 students and 20 (17%) of 118 staff members were immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-DENV positive, indicating DENV infection within the preceding 3 months. Four students ...

The immunopathology of severe dengue remains incompletely understood. Most patients who develop severe dengue have had prior infection with one or more dengue serotypes. When an individual is infected... more

The immunopathology of severe dengue remains incompletely understood. Most patients who develop severe dengue have had prior infection with one or more dengue serotypes. When an individual is infected... more

Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus disease found mostly in tropical and some subtropical areas. It is caused by four related viruses. To date, there is no specific treatment for the disease and prevention is limited to vector control measures.. The quest for a dengue vaccine has been ongoing since 1929 but because of incomplete knowledge about the disease and the complication of targeting all four dengue serotypes, development of an effective vaccine has proven to be quite difficult.. Although you can get vaccinated from other diseases in our New York travel medicine clinic, there is no licensed vaccine available for dengue yet. It is believed that a vaccine would play a major role in controlling this disease and could help the World Health Organization achieve its goal of reducing dengue morbidity by at least 20 percent and mortality by 50 percent by 2020.. However, there are some vaccine candidates that are currently under development. Sanofi Pasteur is developing a live attenuated ...

SINGAPORE - Dengvaxia, a dengue vaccine available here since March, could prove detrimental to people who have never been infected by dengue. Sanofi, which produces the vaccine, sent out an alert saying: For those not previously infected by dengue virus, the analysis found that in the longer term, more cases of severe disease could occur following vaccination upon a subsequent dengue infection. The French pharmaceutical giant said it will ask the health authorities in countries where it has been approved for use, such as in Singapore, to update their information on the vaccine. A spokesman for the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) said on Thursday (Nov 30) that it is working with Sanofi Pasteur to strengthen the package insert to include the warning of an increased risk of hospitalisation for dengue and clinically severe dengue in vaccinated individuals not previously in... Full article: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/dengue-vacci... ...

For the study, Prof. Simmons and colleagues studied 145 anti-dengue antibodies from patients infected with dengue virus. They found a new class of antibody that can recognize and bind to a unique structure - known as an epitope - that is present in all four types of dengue virus.. The authors describe the previously unknown epitope as an envelope dimer epitope (EDE) that bridges two envelope protein subunits that make up the 90 repeating dimers on the mature virion.. The antibodies to the epitope were broadly reactive across the dengue serotypes and fully neutralized virus produced in either insect cells or primary human cells, they note.. The findings should clear the way for vaccine trials in which the induction of antibody to the EDE should be prioritized, they conclude.. In July 2014, Medical News Today reported promising results of the first dengue vaccine widely tested in humans. Reported in The Lancet, the phase 3 clinical trial showed that while efficacy varies across the four ...

Islamabad, Sep 21 - Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani has directed Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) to lift insecticides from India for the prevention of dengue.. The insecticide has to be got from Mumbai.. There has been a rise in dengue cases in Pakistan, with Punjab province reporting over 6,000 dengue patients. About 35 people have died due to dengue.. The insecticides were purchased by the Punjab government.. The PIA was reluctant to airlift the insecticide due to rules which prohibit the transportation of the material of this nature, the Associated Press of Pakistan reported.. The prime ministers instructions led to a waiver due to the dengue epidemic.. Gilani had said that the country needs to develop a national coordination mechanism for controlling epidemics like dengue.. Dengue fever is caused by a virus transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains and a skin rash similar to measles. Patients suffer from bleeding and low ...

Dengue fever is probably a very old disease. An ancient Chinese medical encyclopedia from the Jin Dynasty (which existed from 265 to 420 AD) talked about a person who probably had dengue. The book talked about a water poison that had to do with flying insects.[31][32] Written records from the 17th century talk about what may have been epidemics of dengue (where the disease spread very quickly in a short time). The most likely early reports of dengue epidemics are from 1779 and 1780. These reports talk about an epidemic that spread across Asia, Africa, and North America.[32] From that time until 1940, there were not many more epidemics.[32] In 1906, scientists proved that people were getting infections from Aedes mosquitoes. In 1907, scientists showed that a virus causes dengue. This was just the second disease that was shown to be caused by a virus. (The first was yellow fever.)[33] John Burton Cleland and Joseph Franklin Siler kept studying the dengue virus, and figured out the basics of how ...

In some cases, Dengue infection is asymptomatic - persons do not exhibit symptoms. Those with symptoms get ill between 4 to 7 days after the bite. The infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms which include a sudden high fever coming in separate waves, pain behind the eyes, muscle, joint, and bone pain, severe headache, and a skin rash with red spots. Treatment includes supportive care of symptoms. There is no antiviral treatment available. The illness may progress to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, bruising, and uncontrolled bleeding. High fever can last from 2 to 7 days. Complications can lead to circulatory system failure and shock, and can be fatal (also known as Dengue Shock Syndrome).. If you are infected with the same Dengue virus serotype you become immune to future infections. However, if you are infected subsequently with a different serotype, immunity wanes over time which increases the risk of developing ...

In some cases, Dengue infection is asymptomatic - persons do not exhibit symptoms. Those with symptoms get ill between 4 to 7 days after the bite. The infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms which include a sudden high fever coming in separate waves, pain behind the eyes, muscle, joint, and bone pain, severe headache, and a skin rash with red spots. Treatment includes supportive care of symptoms. There is no antiviral treatment available. The illness may progress to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, bruising, and uncontrolled bleeding. High fever can last from 2 to 7 days. Complications can lead to circulatory system failure and shock, and can be fatal (also known as Dengue Shock Syndrome).. If you are infected with the same Dengue virus serotype you become immune to future infections. However, if you are infected subsequently with a different serotype, immunity wanes over time which increases the risk of developing ...

DISCUSSION. Even though the majority of dengue cases present as an acute febrile illness, some patients develop a more severe form. Little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in developing severe forms, although the main characteristic is an increase in endothelial permeability with leakage into the interstitium.. Effects of the dengue virus on the endothelium have been documented. In vitro studies using infected endothelial cells have shown increased permeability after 48 hours and cytological effects after 72 hours (8). Studies with serum from patients with dengue demonstrated increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (9), both of which are endothelial activation markers.. Severe forms of dengue infection affect the microcirculation, as demonstrated by the dengue virus directly infecting endothelial cells or activating inflammatory markers, such as interleukins 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha ...

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A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by the virus can range in severity from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Primary dengue infection results in IgE mediated sensitization against dengue virus (DENV) proteins. These IgE bind to receptors on mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the antigen recognized by the IgE, mast cell degranulation occurs releasing mediators such as histamine. Therefore secondary dengue infection results in urticaria, increased vascular permeability, hypotension, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). A case of

TY - JOUR. T1 - One-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR for detection and typing of dengue virus. AU - Mun, Myung Jin. AU - Bae, Joon Yong. AU - Kim, Jin Hyuck. AU - Kim, Soo Bok. AU - Lee, Ilseob. AU - Kim, Jin Il. AU - Park, Mee Sook. AU - Park, Man-Seong. AU - Nam, Yong Suk. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Previous studies reported that severity of dengue is associated with multiple factors, including secondary infection, age, viral load and infecting serotype and genotype. In addition, other studies have reported that a dengue virus-2 (DENV-2) infection is associated with a prognosis of more severe clinical manifestations than DENV-1 and DENV-4 infections. For these reasons, the ability to identify the DENV serotypes is critical for optimal patient diagnosis and epidemiological studies. In this study, we developed a TaqMan probe-based, one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system for detection and serotyping DENV. Our linear dynamic range (101 to 107 ...

Dengue virus (DENV) affects nonimunne human populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Americas, dengue has drastically increased in the last two decades and Brazil is considered one of the most affected countries. The high frequency of asymptomatic infection makes difficult to estimate prevalence of infection using registered cases and to locate high risk intra-urban area at population level. The goal of this spatial point analysis was to identify potential high-risk intra-urban areas of dengue, using data collected at household level from surveys. Two household surveys took place in the city of Goiania (~1.1 million population), Central Brazil in the year 2001 and 2002. First survey screened 1,586 asymptomatic individuals older than 5 years of age. Second survey 2,906 asymptomatic volunteers, same age-groups, were selected by multistage sampling (census tracts; blocks; households) using available digital maps. Sera from participants were tested by dengue virus-specific IgM/IgG by EIA. A

Abstract: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been correlated with susceptibility or resistance to severe dengue; however, few immunogenetic studies have been performed in Latin American (LA) populations. We have conducted immunogenetic studies of HLA class I and II alleles in a cohort of 187 patients with DENV-3 infection and confirmed clinical diagnosis of either severe dengue, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or the less severe form, dengue fever (DF), in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. An association analysis was performed using Fishers association test, with odds ratios (ORs) calculated using conditional maximum likelihood estimates. HLA-B*44 (P=0.047, OR = 2.025, 95% CI = 0.97-4.24) was found to be associated with increased susceptibility to DHF in response to DENV-3 infection. In addition, HLA-B*07 (P=0.048, OR = 0.501, one-sided 95% CI = 0-0.99) and HLA-DR*13 (P=0.028, OR = 0.511, one-sided 95% CI = 0-0.91) were found to be associated with resistance to secondary dengue ...

Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus (family Flaviviridae) causing dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Here, we report the first fatal DENV infection imported into Germany. A female traveler was hospitalized with fever and abdominal pain after returning from Ecuador. Due to a suspec …

This study compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of three doses of a tetravalent dengue vaccine versus one dose of a typhoid vaccine Vi-polysaccharide

Background Dengue offers emerged as the most significant of arboviral diseases in the 21st century. of this cloned dengue protease we randomly screened ~1000 small molecules from an in-house library to identify potential dengue protease inhibitors. Results A benzimidazole derivative, named MB21, was found to be the most potent in inhibiting the cloned protease (IC50?=?5.95?M). docking analysis indicated that MB21 binds to the protease in the vicinity of the active site. Analysis of kinetic parameters of the enzyme reaction suggested that MB21 presumably functions as a mixed type inhibitor. Significantly, this molecule identified as an inhibitor of dengue type 299442-43-6 manufacture 2 299442-43-6 manufacture protease was also effective in inhibiting each one of the four serotypes of dengue viruses in infected cells in culture, based on analysis of viral antigen synthesis and infectious computer virus production. Interestingly, MB21 did not manifest any discernible cytotoxicity. Conclusions This ...

Dengue fever is prevalent in the world; in recent years, several outbreaks occurred in West Africa. It affects pregnant women. We aimed to assess the consequences of dengue fever on pregnant women and their fetuses during dengue epidemic in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 1, 2015 to January 31, 2017 in 15 public and private health facilities in Ouagadougou, using secondary data. Immunochromatographic rapid test Duo detecting specific antibodies, immunoglobin M/G and /or dengue non structural antigen1 virus was used to diagnose dengue cases. Out of 399 (48%) women registered during the study period, 25 (6%) were pregnant. The average age of pregnant women was 30 years, with 18 and 45 years as extremes. The main symptoms were fever (92%) and headache (92%). Nine patients (36%) had severe dengue characterized by bleeding (16%), neurological symptoms (16%) and acute respiratory distress (8%). Eight (32%) of the 25 women had early miscarriage and 8 (32%) women gave birth to

Dengue Virus Net is the web resource for anyone interested in dengue. The objectives of Dengue Virus Net are to be the public and professional information resource for dengue and to serve as a network in the exchange of information and news related to dengue.