SUMMARY: Using an in vitro method, some factors affecting the attachment of a strain of lactobacillus to chicken crop epithelial cells have been studied. Time of contact beyond 10 min, pH value, age or growth temperature of the bacterial culture, or nature of the energy source in the growth medium had little or no effect on attachment. Heating to 100 °C for 10 min, or treatment with EDTA or surface active compounds was also without effect. Treatment with sodium periodate markedly decreased adhesion, proteolytic enzymes had a smaller effect but wheat germ lipase was completely inactive. The pronounced inhibition of adhesion periodate suggested the involvement of carbohydrate. However, enzymes known to attack carbohydrate substrates were inactive in reducing adhesion. Concanavalin A, which binds specifically to certain sugar residues, reduced attachment. It is suggested that these concanavalin A receptors on the lactobacillus are responsible for its attachment to crop epithelial cells.
Researchers are making progress in the fight to track and treat one of the most common illnesses affecting exotic birds. Proventricular Dilatation Disease, or PDD, is the result of an avian bornavirus infection and is characterized by intestinal paralysis, which results in food becoming stuck in the bird's proventriculus. The intestine swells, causing discomfort, and when the gut cannot absorb nutrients from the stalled food, the bird dies. Interestingly, not all birds with PDD show …
While the disease has been studied for over two decades, it has only been since 2008 that avian bornavirus infection has been linked to PDD. With the recent discovery of the avian bornavirus relationship to PDD, we have learned a lot (and created more questions).. Bornavirus is a RNA type virus and has previously been reported to cause, or is associated with, disease in rats, horses, primates, chickens, pigs, humans and now parrots and finches. Avian bornavirus, as opposed to borna disease virus recognized in other animals, is now confirmed as at least one cause of PDD in parrots. It is speculated, but not proven, that avian bornavirus triggers an autoimmune reaction whereby the bird's immune system attacks it's own nervous tissue.. At this time, there appear to be seven avian bornavirus genotypes that affect parrots species differently. While most infections are of one genotype, recent research supports multiple genotype infection is possible. To make things more confusing, there is also a ...
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Bornaviruses are considered to be the causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in psittacine birds. In order to detect haematological and blood chemistry changes during the development of PDD and a possible correlation with clinical signs and the virological status, six African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) were experimentally infected with parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) by subcutaneous route. All six parrots developed clinical signs of varying extent and successful infection was confirmed in all the birds by seroconversion or detection of RNA of the PaBV-4 infection strain. Based on population-based and intra-individual reference ranges established during 12 months prior to experimental infection, only minor haematological changes were detected in individual birds after infection. Changes in blood chemistry were restricted to aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, total protein, glucose and uric acid. Plasma protein electrophoresis revealed marked changes starting 10 ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. T2 - Comparative study of the phosphorylation sites. AU - Hashimoto, Yoshiaki. AU - Soderling, Thomas. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLC-kinase) was rapidly phosphorylated in vitro by the autophosphorylated form of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) to a molar stoichiometry of 2.77 ± 0.15 associated with a threefold increase in the concentration of calmodulin (CaM) required for half-maximal activation of MLC-kinase. Binding of CaM to MLC-kinase markedly reduced the phosphorylation stoichiometry to 0.21 ± 0.05 and almost completely inhibited phosphorylation of sites in two peptides (32P-peptides P1 and P2) with reduced phosphorylation of peptide P3. By analogy, cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated MLC-kinase to a stoichiometry of 3.0 or greater in the absence of CaM with about a threefold decrease in the ...
Author: Fischle, W. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 2003; Title: Binary switches and modification cassettes in histone biology and beyond.
Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a wasting type disease that can affect and is fatal in captive and free-ranging birds; especially young birds. This disease was first recognized in 1971 and since then has been seen in many species including cockatoos, conures, grey parrots, cockatiels, Eclectus parrots, thick billed Amazons, Blue fronted Amazons, and budgies, as well as macaws. This disease is thought to be caused by a virus and can be passed on to other birds, but not humans. It is also known as Proventricular Dilatation Syndrome, Neuropathic Gastric Dilatation, or Macaw Wasting Disease.
The gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) was introduced into 1,955-ha Angostura Reservoir, South Dakota to provide increased prey resources for walleye (Sander vitreus). Linear correlation analysis indicated that following gizzard shad introduction, walleye catch-per-unit-effort and mean length at age have increased over time (r = 0.68 to 0.85, P = 0.02 to 0.001). Walleye stomach contents were collected monthly from April through September, 2004 to determine the extent to which age-0 gizzard shad were being utilized as prey during the growing season. Age-0 gizzard shad were absent from walleye diets from April to mid-July (pre-shad-available period); however, from mid-July through early September (shad-available period), age-0 gizzard shad were an important prey item in all walleye diets. Mean weight decreased for walleyes of ages 2-5 during the spring, before age-0 gizzard shad became available; however, growth rate of walleyes increased appreciably during the shad-available period and was attributable
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V V water (4:8:1:4:6) in the upper solution as the mobile phase, to start out, dried, was observed under ultraviolet wavelength 254nm, the then sprayed with 1% ferric chloride ethanol solution color, was observed under visible light for the test materials chromatography, chromatography with the reference substance for the corresponding position, substantially the same color spots. The blank reference substance and reference substance in the corresponding position, without the same color spots. The results shown in Figure 2. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:// 2.3 Identification of toadfish to take this product 10, dumping out the contents, add 30 ml chloroform and ultrasonic extraction 15 min, filtration, the filtrate home Separating funnel, add the sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 mol / L) 20 ml. Gently Zhen Yao, abandoned to the sodium hydroxide solution; chloroform solution 20 ml of water washing, abandoned to the water, lotion, chloroform solution with anhydrous sodium ...
Looking for Houbara Bustard? Find out information about Houbara Bustard. a bird in the family Otididae of the order Gruiformes. Body length, 65-80 cm. The feathers are sandy gray with dark specks; it has a crest on the head and a... Explanation of Houbara Bustard
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Diseases of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Some Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Fundamental Aspects (Boerhaave Series for Postgraduate Medical Education).
The parameters of all relationships throughout the agricultural value chain are determined by contracts. Yet despite their importance, contracts in commercial agriculture and the options they offer to promote producer agency are little understood.. To clarify these value chain options, IIED organised an event to bring together practitioners and value chain actors from across Asia and Africa to share experiences and learning, as part of the 'Empowering Producers in Commercial Agriculture (EPIC) project.. The event was a follow-up to a three-day international learning workshop on sustaining rural producer agency in agricultural value chains, which took place in Blantyre, Malawi, in November 2019.. It had been due to take place in Nepal, with opportunities for field trips like there were in Blantyre, but the advent of the COVID‑19 pandemic and related travel restrictions meant that it had to be held online, with participants attending remotely.. ...
Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) is a pest of stored maize that has caused major problems since appearing in Africa, though it is regarded as a minor pest in Mexico and Central America. The ability of P. truncatus to feed and breed on a great variety of environments, raises the questions to whether this beetle can break down starch and cellulose. The digestive system of P. truncatus may explain its host range. The digestive systems of adults and larvae of three P. truncatus strains from different geographic regions (Mexico, Togo, and Tanzania) were the subjects of the present work. The anatomical study of the digestive system of P. truncatus shows that the guts of adults and larvae were externally different and that these differences reflect different life spans and their different feeding habits. The internal anatomy, is similar, with the exception of the presence of peritrophic membrane and glycogen-like granules in the midgut of the adult stage. There is a cryptonephric system present in both ...
Twelve strains isolated from the posterior fornix fluid of the human vagina were identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gallinarum and Lactobacillus crispatus based on numerical analyses of total soluble cell protein profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR banding patterns. Five strains grouped with the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri (DSM 20077T) and Lactobacillus jensenii (DSM 20557T) at r | or = 0.83 in one protein profile cluster, well separated from the other species included in this study. However, numerical analysis of the RAPD-PCR banding patterns of representative strains selected from the L. gasseri-L. jensenii protein cluster clearly indicated that they belong to two different species. Four strains (TV 1010, TG 1013, TV 1018T and TV 1045) grouped into another well separated protein profile cluster at r | or = 0.87. Strains selected from this cluster displayed very similar RAPD-PCR banding patterns and clustered at R2 | or = 0
TY - JOUR. T1 - Separation of rat pituitary growth hormone and prolactin by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AU - Zanini, A.. AU - Giannattasio, G.. AU - Meldolesi, J.. PY - 1974. Y1 - 1974. N2 - Isolation of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) from rat pituitary homogenates and cell fractions was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a high resolution Na dodecylsulfate (SDS) system. With this technique GH and PRL are resolved as discrete and well separated bands. The method appears particularly adequate for quantitative determinations of the hormones and of the hormone bound radioactivity not only in pituitary homogenates but also in isolated cell fractions, since the treatment with SDS results in the complete solubilization of all samples and therefore allows the electrophoretic migrations of all hormone molecules. Using the SDS gel system, it was also possible to estimate the degree of contamination by nonhormone proteins in GH and PRL bands separated by the usual ...
The results of genetic association studies regarding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms and digestive system malignancies were controversial. The authors designed this meta-analysis to more precisely estimate relationships between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and digestive system malignancies by pooling the results of related studies. The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI for eligible studies. Thirty-one eligible studies were pooled analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled meta-analysis results showed that genetic distributions of rs231775, rs4553808, and rs733618 polymorphisms among patients with digestive system malignancies and controls differed significantly. Moreover, genotypic distribution differences were also observed for rs231775 polymorphism among patients with colorectal cancer/pancreatic cancer and controls, for rs4553808 and rs5742909 polymorphisms among patients with gastric cancer and controls, for rs3087243 polymorphism among patients
Of 117 imported psittacine birds examined for the presence of blood parasites, 18 (15-3 per cent) were found to be infected. The most common parasites were microfilaria and Haemoproteus, but Aegyptianella and a Trypanosoma sp were also observed. Haemoproteus handai was diagnosed in several birds and for the first time in lesser sulphur-crested cockatoos. The significance of the parasites observed is discussed and also that of other haematozoa recorded from psittacines but not found during the present survey.. ...
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density and incremental methionine levels on performance, immune response, carcass traits, and digestive organs of broiler chicks. A total of 390 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to six dietary treatments and five replicates base on 3 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets included three levels of stocking density (12, 16 and 18 birds/m2) and two levels of methionine (100 and 120% requirement recommended for Ross 308) applied during 42 days of experiment. The results showed that 18 birds density decreased body weight and weight gain, feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio (P|0.05) in overall rearing period. The 120% methionine level tended to increase body weight at 42 day of age. Stocking density significantly (P|0.05) affected the relative weight of proventriculus, pancreas, gizzard and duodenum. The jejunum relative weight and ileum length of chicks received 120%
TY - JOUR. T1 - The interaction of F-actin with phosphorylated and unphosphorylated myosins IA and IB from Acanthamoeba castellanii.. AU - Albanesi, J. P.. AU - Hammer, J. A.. AU - Korn, E. D.. PY - 1983/8/25. Y1 - 1983/8/25. N2 - Myosins IA and IB from Acanthamoeba castellanii are single-headed molecules which, upon phosphorylation of their heavy chains by a specific kinase, express actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity. These myosins show no tendency to self-associate under assay conditions, a property which allows unambiguous kinetic and actin-binding data to be obtained. Both myosin isoenzymes exhibit a complex dependence of actomyosin ATPase activity on F-actin concentration. A conventional hyperbolic dependence is observed at low concentrations of F-actin but at higher F-actin concentrations, inhibition and then apparent reactivation are seen to occur. From those early portions of the velocity profiles which do not deviate from simple Michaelis-Menten type kinetics, values for the Vmax (10 ...
A 10-year-old, intact, female yellow-naped Amazon parrot was examined because of anemia, lymphocytic leukocytosis, regurgitation, and weight loss. A positive fecal occult blood and monoclonal globulinopathy were present. A distended proventriculus and diffusely thickened loops of small intestine with irregular luminal surfaces were identified with contrast radiography and contrast computed tomography. A micro positron emission tomography scan was performed with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Diffuse intestinal T-cell lymphosarcoma was diagnosed based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry of full thickness small intestinal biopsies. The patient was treated with a multidrug chemotherapy protocol with little to no effect. Euthanasia was elected, and intestinal lymphosarcoma was confirmed on histopathology of necropsy intestinal samples; no other organs demonstrated neoplastic infiltration. To the authors' knowledge, no reports are currently available detailing the clinical presentation or diagnosis of
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Interaction of Calmodulin with Skeletal Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
It consists of cavities lined with ependymal cells, interconnected with narrow channels that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Theres is a vascular process of the pia mater in the ventricles containing capillaries of the choroids artery/arteria choroidea called choroids plexus/plex choroideus. The lateral ventricles/ ventriculus lateralis are located in each hemisphere and subdivided in body, anterior horn, posterior horn and inferior horn. Each lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle/ ventriculus tertius by foramen interventricularis (foramen Monro). The third ventricle is located in the midline and is connected to fourth ventricle/ventriculus quartus by the cerebral aqueduct/aqueductus cerebri. The fourth ventricle/ventriculus quartus is located between the brain stem and cerebellum. ...
Typically, studies in digestive physiology in fish focus on a few enzymes and provide insight into the specific processes of the enzyme in a targeted species. Comparative studies assessing a wide number of digestive enzymes on fishes that compete for food resources are lacking, especially in the context of an introduced species. It is generally thought that the invasive silver carp (SVC; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) directly compete for food resources with the native gizzard shad (GZS; Dorosoma cepedianum) in waters where they coexist. We compared 19 digestive enzymes between SVC and GZS throughout a year and in two rivers in the Midwestern United States: Illinois River and Wabash River. All digestive enzymes analyzed were detected in both SVC and GZS in both rivers. However, the profiles of the digestive enzymes varied by species. Alkaline phosphatase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were all much higher in SVC than...
King Gizzard And The Lizard Wizard have delivered on their promise of releasing five albums this year with the latest, "Gumboot Soup", now available below. The other albums they put out this year included "Flying Microtonal Banana", "Murder Of The Universe", their collaborative effort with Mile High Club, "Sketches Of Brunswick East" and "Polygondwanaland".. ...
Avian polyomavirus disease and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) are both contagious viral diseases in psittacine birds with similar clinical manifestations and characterized by abnormal feathers. To determine the prevalence of Aves polyomavirus 1 (APyV) and beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in captive, exotic psittacine birds in Chile, feathers from 250 psittacine birds, representing ...
The local lymph node assay using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) with flow cytometry (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) is a modified LLNA that is used to identify skin sensitizers by counting BrdU-incorporated lymph node cells (LNCs) with flow cytometry. Unlike other LLNA methods (OECD TG 429, 442A and 442B) in which the CBA/J mouse strain is used, LLNA: BrdU-FCM was originally designed to be compatible with BALB/c, a mouse strain that is more widely used in many countries. To justify the substitution of CBA/J for BALB/c, the equivalence of the test results between two strains shall be established prior to the official implementation of LLNA: BrdU-FCM. This study aims to compare the test results of LLNA: BrdU-FCM produced in BALB/c mice with those in CBA/J mice for 18 reference substances, including 13 sensitizers and 5 non-sensitizers, listed in OECD Test Guideline 429. Based on the LLNA: BrdU-FCM test procedure, we selected an appropriate solvent and then performed preliminary tests to determine the ...
The technique of olfactometry is a worldwide acknowledged method to determine the odour parameter of odour concentrations. A decentralized olfactometric interlaboratory test has recently been performed, and thus has become internationally accessible. The concept of dispatching the odorant gases in pressurized gas containers to the participants had been validated in a previous test and confirmed by multiple measurements of the test gas concentration. Following a similar test in 2003, 47laboratories from a total of 15 countries participated in this comprehensive olfactometric interlaboratory test. Apart from the reference substance 1-butanol, the odorants Tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and SFREE™ were used. These two odorants are commonly used in Europe as odorants to natural gas. The test had 2 participation options: The first option gave attention to the verification of thedetermination of the odour concentration of 4 different odours. The second option dealt with thedetermination of the laboratory ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reproductive and growth responses of gilts to exogenous porcine pituitary growth hormone.. AU - Bryan, K. A.. AU - Hammond, J. M.. AU - Canning, S.. AU - Mondschein, J.. AU - Carbaugh, D. E.. AU - Clark, A. M.. AU - Hagen, D. R.. PY - 1989/1. Y1 - 1989/1. N2 - Forty gilts (mean wt = 72 kg) were administered daily either vehicle (C = control) or 70 micrograms porcine growth hormone (pGH)/kg BW. After 30 d of treatment, eight gilts per group (Exp. 1) were slaughtered and blood, uteri and ovaries were collected. Follicular fluid (FFl) was collected and granulosa cells (GC) were cultured. The remaining gilts (Exp. 2) were treated for up to 35 additional days and examined twice daily for estrus. Estrusal gilts were removed from the experiment. Noncyclic gilts (n = 9 of 12 pGH; n = 4 of 12 C) were slaughtered on d 66 and their ovaries were examined. Ovarian weights were not different for pGH and C gilts in either Exp. 1 (P greater than .1) or Exp. 2 (P = .09). Uterine weights were ...
Circulatory systems in fish, amphibians and mammals. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals (Double Circulation).The circulatory system of a Frog forms a double loop. Adult frogs develop an apparatus and a digestive tract.Recall some of the adaptations each group has and how they help the animals better.RESPIRATION IN BIRDS-REPTILES-MAMMALS Respiratory System in Bird Respiratory System in Reptile Respiratory System in Mammals---a comparative anatomy.While something as basic as breathing may sound universal, the fact is that amphibians, birds, and mammals all do it differently.. The digestive system of birds is. the reproductive habits or mammals and those of reptiles, birds, and amphibians.Order Squamata Since reptiles were the first to inhabit dry land, several evolutionary changes were required in the.Many people who care for reptiles will at some point hear or read about the renal portal system. amphibians, birds and reptiles.). come from the digestive.. Animal genitalia: amphibians, reptiles and. ...
To better understand the effect of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) accumulation in the digestive gland of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, we experimentally exposed individual oysters for 48 h to a PSTs producer, the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. In comparison to the effect of the non-toxic Alexandrium tamarense, on the eight apoptotic related genes tested, Bax and BI.1 were significantly upregulated in oysters exposed 48 h to A. catenella. Among the five detoxification related genes tested, the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) was shown to be correlated with toxin concentration in the digestive gland of oysters exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate. Beside this, we observed a significant increase in ROS production, a decrease in caspase-3/7 activity and normal percentage of apoptotic cells in this tissue. Taken together, these results suggest a feedback mechanism, which may occur in the digestive gland where BI.1 could play a key role in preventing the induction of apoptosis by PSTs.
Notch1 has been shown to promote commitment of mouse mammary stem cells along the luminal lineage [25, 58]. Consistent with these and other studies [26, 31-33], we show that constitutive expression of intracellular NOTCH1 in the developing mouse mammary gland stimulates luminal fate, ultimately resulting in transformation of the mammary gland. The mammary tumors predominantly express the luminal lineage marker keratin 8/18. Interestingly, in our model expression of human intracellular NOTCH1 in the developing mouse mammary gland did not result in induction of diverse tumor types that regressed upon weaning. Nor did the transgenic females exhibit any difficulty nursing their young. This is in contrast to transgenic models that constitutively express mouse ICN1 driven by the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) LTR. These mice are unable to nurse their young and they develop lactation-dependent papillary tumors that regress upon involution [31, 32]. The reasons for the phenotypic differences could ...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a type of tumor that occur in the digestive system. The digestive system includes the esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, large and small intestines, rectum, and anus. The digestive system processes food to fuel the body and gets rid of the waste. About half of GISTs occur in the stomach, but they can occur anywhere in the digestive system. GISTs are rare. All GISTs are now considered potentially cancerous.
Smooth Muscle Myosin, Alexa Fluor 488, clone: SMMS-1, eBioscience™ 25μg; Alexa Fluor 488 Smooth Muscle Myosin, Alexa Fluor 488, clone: SMMS-1,...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Notochord patterning of the endoderm. AU - Cleaver, Ondine. AU - Krieg, Paul A.. PY - 2001/6/1. Y1 - 2001/6/1. N2 - Endodermally derived organs of the gastrointestinal and respiratory system form at distinct anterioposterior and dorsoventral locations along the vertebrate body axis. This stereotyped program of organ formation depends on the correct patterning of the endodermal epithelium so that organ differentiation and morphogenesis occur at appropriate positions along the gut tube. Whereas some initial patterning of the endoderm is known to occur early, during germ-layer formation and gastrulation, later signaling events, originating from a number of adjacent tissue layers, are essential for the development of endodermal organs. Previous studies have shown that signals arising from the notochord are important for patterning of the ectodermally derived floor plate of the neural tube and the mesodermally derived somites. This review will discuss recent evidence indicating that ...
Title: Regulatory Light Chains of Striated Muscle Myosin. Structure, Function and Malfunction. VOLUME: 3 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Danuta Szczesna-Cordary. Affiliation:Department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of MedicineRosenstiel Medical Sciences Building R-189, Room 6113, USA. Keywords:regulatory light chains of myosin (rlc), Phosphorylation, skinned fibers, familial hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy (fhc) mutations.. Abstract: Striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle is activated by the binding of Ca2+ to troponin C and is regulated by the thin filament proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. Unlike in molluscan or smooth muscles, the myosin regulatory light chains (RLC) of striated muscles do not play a major regulatory role and their function is still not well understood. The N-terminal domain of RLC contains a Ca2+-Mg2+-binding site and, analogous to that of smooth muscle myosin, also contains a phosphorylation site. During muscle contraction, the increase in Ca2+ ...
A 3-year-old male nanday conure (Nandayus nenday) was presented with acute lethargy, polyuria, and polydipsia. Marked persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria were also noted. The serum insulin concentration (,3 μU/ml) was lower than reference ranges described for other psittacine birds. Initial treatment included insulin, antibiotics, and supportive care. Insulin therapy was adjusted based on results of serial blood glucose curves. Histopathologic examination of pancreatic biopsy Show moreA 3-year-old male nanday conure (Nandayus nenday) was presented with acute lethargy, polyuria, and polydipsia. Marked persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria were also noted. The serum insulin concentration (,3 μU/ml) was lower than reference ranges described for other psittacine birds. Initial treatment included insulin, antibiotics, and supportive care. Insulin therapy was adjusted based on results of serial blood glucose curves. Histopathologic examination of pancreatic biopsy ...
Effects of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection were studied on the reproductive tracts of young boars and pregnant gilts. The boars were challenged with virulent PRV which was inoculated intrapreputially (IP) in some and intranasally (IN) in others. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from the prepuce of two intrapreputially inoculated boars twelve days post-inoculation (PI), but not from the semen of any boars. Microscopic changes were typified by lympho-histiocytic aggregates, and were primarily limited to the prepuce and penis. Microscopic lesions in central nervous system (CNS) of these boars were characterized by a lympho-histiocytic meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis. All of the boars experienced poor semen quality PI for a period of one to two weeks. Semen changes were observed 10-14 days PI, they were characterized by bent, coild and reverse tails. Head abnormalities were manifested four weeks after inoculation. The changes were typified by knobbed (cystic acrosome), detached and double heads;In
A coprological survey with detailed clinical observation of naturally occurring haemorrhagic enteritis (HE) cases was conducted to understand the pathophysiology of HE by clarifying the infection status of Eimeria and enteropathogenic bacteria in cattle. Faecal samples from 55 cases of HE and 26 clinically normal animals were collected, and a quantitative examination of Eimeria and potential enteropathogenic bacteria was performed. The number of Eimeria species oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) exceeded 10,000 in 69.1 per cent of HE cases with a maximum of 1,452,500 OPG and Eimeria zuernii was found to be overwhelmingly dominant. A significant increase in faecal coliform count was observed in HE cases compared with clinically normal animals. Among the animals shedding ,10,000 OPG, 42.9 per cent showed a remarkable increase in Clostridium perfringens abundance (,104 CFU/g) in the faeces. In the cases with C. perfringens detected, its abundance was positively correlated with Eimeria OPG and high C. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Serotonin-2A receptor gene T102C polymorphism in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. AU - Tahara, Tomomitsu. AU - Arisawa, Tomiyasu. AU - Shibata, Tomoyuki. AU - Nakamura, Masakatsu. AU - Wang, Fangyu. AU - Hirata, Ichiro. AU - Nakano, Hiroshi. PY - 2008/9/1. Y1 - 2008/9/1. N2 - Background/Aims: The role of genetics in the susceptibility to functional dyspepsia (FD) is unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) is expressed in gastro-intestinal tract and modulates the sensory-motor functions in the digestive tract. Genetic association has been reported between C102T polymorphism in the gene encoding 5-HT 2A receptor (5HTR2A) and various diseases. We aimed to clarify the association between 5HTR2A C102T polymorphism and dyspeptic symptom in a Japanese population. Methodology: 91 dyspeptics and 93 non-dyspeptic subjects enrolled in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms were divided into 9 categories. 5HTR2A gene T102C polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length ...
Cardiac-specific myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) is the kinase predominantly responsible for the maintenance of the basal level of phosphorylation of cardiac myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), which it phosphorylates at Ser-15. This phosphorylation repels the myosin heads from the thick myosin filament and moves them toward the thin actin filament. Unlike smooth muscle cells, MLC2 phosphorylation in striated muscle cells appears to be a positive modulator of Ca2+ sensitivity that shifts the Ca2+-force relationship toward the left and increases the maximal force response and thus does not initiate muscle contraction. Recent studies have revealed an increasing number of details of the biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological characteristics of cMLCK. The combination of recent technological advances and the discovery of a novel class of biologically active nonstandard peptides will hopefully translate into the development of drugs for the treatment of heart diseases. (Circ J 2013; 77: ...
Larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were irradiated at hatching with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100 and 150 Gy doses from a Cesium-137 source and dissected for measurements of the supraesophageal ganglion (brain) and proventriculus (B/Prv) as mature third instars. Cross-sectional area of a plane through the brain and proventriculus, and simple dorsal width measurements of the two organs were evaluated as indicators of radiation exposure. Brain area, brain width, and brain/proventriculus (B/Prv) ratios were significantly different from controls in insects treated with a dose {ge}20 Gy. Detailed dissections of hatching larvae exposed to 50 Gy revealed reductions in brain growth, small and misshapen compound eye and leg imaginal disks, and a ventral nerve cord that was elongated and sinuous. Larvae irradiated on the 1st d of each of the three instars had smaller brains, with the percentage of reduction in brain size being greater the younger the larvae were at the time of ...
The Prince Room houses our natural history collection. It is named after the late naturalist Peter Prince, who worked extensively on South Georgia. In the 2006/7 season the room was redecorated and a large new display case was installed, providing a fitting home for the excellent taxidermy and skeletal displays. Highlights of the room include a bull elephant seal skull, a foetus humback whale and a wandering albatross chick on the nest. ...
the length of the distal oesophagus and proventriculus and in the width of the crop, duodenum, intestine and cloaca. There were significant differences in the scaled measurements of the length of the gizzard and the width of the oesophagus, gizzard and duodenum between the Swift Parrot and the Musk Lorikeet. The results support previous findings that the Swift Parrot has retained some of the alimentary features of its granivorous ancestors. However, our findings suggest that the Swift Parrot may have adapted to nectarivory, not only with the development of a brush tongue, but also in changes to the crop, proventriculus and duodenum. The larger, more muscular gizzard and longer intestine may allow the Swift Parrot to use a diversity of dietary items when nectar and pollen are not readily available.. ...
Pet birds, especially psittacine birds, are often the cause of infection, especially when owners clean a cage with dried droppings. Occupational exposure can also occur when workers are exposed to areas with contaminated dust during clean up, repair or demolition. Laboratory infections have occurred as well. Farms or rendering plants may be a source of exposure for workers. Many seemingly healthy birds may shed the agent when stressed by crowding or transport. Dramatic outbreaks may occur in poultry packing plant workers. Anyone exposed to the dust and droppings of infected birds is at risk for becoming infected.. ...
The aims of this study was to find out the histological differences of the mucosa and comparative analysis of Ig-containing plasma cells among the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler and native chickens of Bangladesh. The conventional histological study revealed that the lining epithelium of the proximal segments (esophagus, crop, and proventriculus) were thicker in the broiler. The esophageal glands were more in the broiler than the native chickens. The villi of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were slender and longer in the broiler in comparison to the native chickens. The number of goblet cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was more in the native chickens than the broiler. The indirect immunohistochemistry revealed that very few immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing plasma cells were present in the epithelium and lamina propria of esophagus, crop, and proventriculus of the broiler and native chickens. The frequency of the population of these cells were abundantly located ...