TY - JOUR. T1 - Antleroma in a Free-ranging White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). AU - Munk, Brandon A.. AU - Garrison, E.. AU - Clemons, B.. AU - Keel, Michael K. PY - 2015/1/29. Y1 - 2015/1/29. N2 - A 2-year-old male free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was diagnosed with bilateral expansile tumors of antler origin. The deer was found dead by a landowner in High Springs, Florida. Two roughly spherical, multilobular, broad-based, bony, velvet-covered masses originated from each antler pedicle. These masses replaced or displaced many of the bones and soft tissues of the skull and extended through the left cribriform plate and the right petrous temporal bone, compressing portions of the brain. Microscopically, the masses closely resembled normal-growing antler, containing all the elements thereof but with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage suggestive of ischemi or trauma. Tumorlike outgrowths termed antleromas have been described in free-ranging and captive cervids and ...

White-tailed deer populations in suburban and urban areas have expanded dramatically in recent years and have produced widespread problems across the United States. Currently there are several methods to control the size and growth of deer populations. I modeled the use of immunocontraception on a hypothetical, urban deer population and found 60% of the does would need to be vaccinated with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) in order to stabilize the herd. I also found that the population would decrease after 70% of the females received the immunocontraceptive. The cost of administering the drug significantly out-weighs the price per dose of PZP, making the use of immunocontraceptives on urban white-tailed deer populations cost-inefficient.. Meredith Millis, 00 Des Moines, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Electron spin resonance assessment of susceptibility of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) to oilseed rape (Brassica napus) poisoning. AU - McPhail, D B. AU - Morrice, P C. AU - Sibbald, A. M.. AU - Duncan, A. J.. AU - Duthie, G. G.. PY - 1994/10. Y1 - 1994/10. N2 - Ex vivo studies have been carried out on roe and red deer erythrocytes using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Free radical formation in cells challenged with the brassica-derived haemolysin, dimethyldisulphide, was measured using spin trapping techniques. Significantly greater amounts of radical were trapped in the roe deer cells which may relate to differences in the antioxidant profile of the two genotypes. Results suggest that roe deer have a greater risk of developing oilseed rape poisoning than red deer.. AB - Ex vivo studies have been carried out on roe and red deer erythrocytes using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Free radical formation in cells challenged with the ...

The objective of the present study was to compare estradiol/progesterone ratios of different age categories of red deer hinds and use it as a predictor of estrus synchronization success and consequently conception rate. To accomplish this we used 38 red deer hinds to establish serum progesterone and estradiol levels in young (21 animals), mature (10 animals) and old (7 animals) hinds during the estrus synchronization procedure (transvaginal/cervical AI). The following estrus synchronization was used: at the start of the experiment each hind received a controlled intravaginal drug-releasing device (CIDR, Pharmacia&Upjohn, New Zealand) containing 0.3 g of progesterone. The device was removed on day 11, simultaneously with an application of 250 IU of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG, Folligon® Intervet International, Boxmeer, Holland). Transvaginal/ cervical AI (artificial insemination) was performed 48 hours after CIDR withdrawal (day 13). Blood samples were obtained from the jugul...ar ...

The exact incubation period for natural CWD in cervids is not known and may vary between species. However the youngest clinically affected free-living elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni - Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus - Red deer)) was 21 months old, the youngest captive elk was 17 months. In Odocoileus hemionus - Mule deer the youngest naturally infected individual with clinical signs was 18 months old. In Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed deer the youngest individual with clinical signs was 1.5 years old. Data from two outbreaks in a wildlife research facility in Colorado suggested an incubation period of 18-36 months. An incubation period of 17-24 months was seen following experimental infection by intracerebral inoculation. With experimental oral infection the incubation period was 12-34 months in elk while in mule deer the earliest onset of clinical signs occurred at 15 months after oral inoculation ...

Interpretive Summary: In this communication we report final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer. The study was terminated 5 years after it was initiated. Thirteen fawns were inoculated intracerebrally with CWD-infected brain material from white-tailed deer (n = 7) or elk (n = 6) and 3 other fawns were kept as uninoculated controls. This study demonstrates that brain-inoculated fallow deer do amplify CWD prions from white tailed-deer and elk and that there may be some differences in these two inocula. Technical Abstract: In this communication we report final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to fallow deer (Dama dama). The study was terminated 5 years after it was initiated. Thirteen fawns were inoculated intracerebrally with CWD infected brain material from white tailed deer (n = 7) or elk (n ...

The authors studied some reproductive characteristics of wild female sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884) in Ashoro District, Hokkaido. Large numbers of females attained sexual maturation at the age of yearling, and the pregnancy rate of y

Odocileus hemionus columbianus. Black-tailed deer are a sub-species of mule deer (Odeocileus hemionus hemionus) found west of the Cascade Mountains. Black-tailed deer have all black tails, while mule deer have white tails with black tips. Otherwise black-tailed deer and mule deer are very similar, both in appearance and behavior. Black-tailed deer, like mule deer, have large, fuzzy, mule-like ears, red-brown coats, and white rumps. These deer are found widely in the parks forested regions. In summer, bucks will move to higher elevations while does and fawns stay at lower regions. Deer are most active at dawn and dusk and they eat a variety of grasses and vegetation. In winter their diet shifts to include more twigs and woody vegetation.. ...

Some black-tailed deer populations have been declining in western Oregon and Washington, and often the declines are attributed to large-scale changes to the structure of their forest habitats. A common hypothesis is that use of herbicides in managed forests contributes to deer population declines by reducing availability of nutritious forbs and shrubs. This hypothesis will be tested in a study of the grazing behavior and nutritional status of trained black-tail deer on a variety of habitat types in forested landscapes. Investigators include Professor Lisa Shipley (Washington State University); Amy Ulappa (Ph.D. candidate at WSU); and Drs. Rachel and John Cook (NCASI). Preparations for field work include bottle-raising black-tailed deer fawns obtained from rehabbers across the western portion of Washington and from the Muckleshoot Tribe. The experimental herd includes 13 females and two males for breeding. Beginning in June 2012, Rachel and Amy will be taking these animals out into the woods in ...

Wildlife disease transmission, at a local scale, can occur from interactions between infected and susceptible conspecifics or from a contaminated environment. Thus, the degree of spatial overlap and rate of contact among deer is likely to impact both direct and indirect transmission of infectious diseases such chronic wasting disease (CWD) or bovine tuberculosis. We identified a strong relationship between degree of spatial overlap (volume of intersection) and genetic relatedness for female white-tailed deer in Wisconsins area of highest CWD prevalence. We used volume of intersection as a surrogate for contact rates between deer and concluded that related deer are more likely to have contact, which may drive disease transmission dynamics. In addition, we found that age of deer influences overlap, with fawns exhibiting the highest degree of overlap with other deer. Our results further support the finding that female social groups have higher contact among related deer which can result...

Roe Deer On The Run. They prefer small clearings in forests. These horns drop off in the winter and are grown again by the end of the spring, ready for the August rut, or breeding season. Generaly start from the third week of July to the middle of August. At Scottish Borders Roe Deer Stalking we are able to offer first class stalking for Roe Buck and Roe Does during their relevant season which stretches from 1st April to 31st October for Bucks, and from 21st October to 31st March for Does. Roe Deer. Roe deer are also bagged using shotguns in some areas. How do roe deer breed? Richard Prior, Deer Watch. Being on a different schedule than other deer in the northern hemisphere, prime Roe deer hunting windows include May into early June (considered the early season), as well the rut, which occurs in late July and into August. We often see deer on Sunk Island- at least once a week. The deer is called with a whistle, creating a special atmosphere during the hunting. The Roe Deer is a relatively ...

VALIDATION OF A BRUCELLA ABORTUS COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR USE IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS NELSONI) - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar profile, educations, publications, research, recent courses, and student works

CONCORD, N.H. - New Hampshires white-tailed deer population once again showed no evidence of chronic wasting disease (CWD), based on monitoring data gathered during the 2014 hunting season. New Hampshire Fish and Game Deer Biologist Dan Bergeron recently received results from a federally certified veterinary diagnostic laboratory that indicate that all the deer tissue samples taken during last falls hunting season tested negative for CWD. A total of 423 tissue samples were tested.. Chronic wasting disease is a neurological disorder that is fatal to white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk and moose, but the World Health Organization has concluded that there is no evidence that people can become infected with CWD.. CWD is transmitted by an abnormal prion protein present in the nervous system and lymphatic tissue of infected animals. These abnormal proteins are very stable and may persist in the environment for several years, posing a risk to animals that come into contact with them. The abnormal ...

A survey of 41 mule deer (Odocolleus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a Montana (USA) cattle ranch from 2 November 1993 through January 1994. Gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. Additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a second mule deer. Mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes of the head and thorax of the first deer were identified as Mycobacterium bovis.

AUSTIN - A two-year-old white-tailed deer in a Medina County deer breeding facility has been confirmed positive for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). This is the first case of CWD detected in captive white-tailed deer in Texas. CWD was first detected in Texas in 2012 in free-ranging mule deer in the Hueco Mountains in far West Texas.. The Medina County tissue samples submitted by the breeder facility in early June as part of routine deer mortality surveillance revealed the presence of CWD during testing at the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) in College Station. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, confirmed the findings on Tuesday, June 30.. An epidemiological investigation to determine the extent of the disease, assess risks to Texas free ranging deer and protect the captive deer and elk breeding industry is being led by the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), in coordination with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) and U.S. ...

Several natural predators of white-tailed deer occur. Wolves, cougars, American alligators, jaguars (in the tropics), and humans are the most effective natural predators of white-tailed deer. These predators frequently pick out easily caught young or infirm deer (which is believed to improve the genetic stock of a population), but can and do take healthy adults of any size. Bobcats, Canada lynx, bears, wolverines, and packs of coyotes usually prey mainly on fawns. Bears may sometimes attack adult deer, while lynxes, coyotes, and wolverines are most likely to take adult deer when the ungulates are weakened by harsh winter weather.[12] Many scavengers rely on deer as carrion, including New World vultures, raptors, foxes, and corvids. Few wild predators can afford to be picky and any will readily consume deer as carrion. Records exist of American crows attempting to prey on white-tailed deer fawns by pecking around their face and eyes, though no accounts of success are given.[29] Occasionally, both ...

Abstract. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are an abundant mammal with a wide geographic distribution in the United States, which make them good sentinels for monitoring arboviral activity across the country. Exposure to various arboviruses has been detected in white-tailed deer, typically in conjunction with another diagnostic finding. To better assess the exposure of white-tailed deer to seven arboviruses, we tested 1,508 sera collected from 2010 to 2016 for antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (2.5%), Powassan (4.2%), St. Louis encephalitis, (3.7%), West Nile (6.0%), Maguari (19.4%), La Crosse (30.3%), and bluetongue (7.8%) viruses. At least one arbovirus was detected in 51.3%, and exposure to more than one arbovirus was identified in 17.6% of the white-tailed deer sampled.

In an attempt to establish reference values for sperm morphology in wild red deer, genital tracts were collected from thirty-six 3-11 years old free-ranging, wild red deer stags (Cervus elaphus L) shot down during 3 consecutive mating seasons (1996-1998) at three different environmental regions of Poland, defining two major ecotypes: (i) highland (outer eastern Carpathian range, Bieszczady mountains) and, (ii) lowland (Mazuria and Pomerania) and studied within 4.5h-49h after death for testis (T), epididymides (E) and vesicular gland (VG) variables. Spermatozoa collected from the E-cauda were examined for motility and morphology (light and electron microscopy levels). Both T size and weight and VS-weight differed with age (P,0.05-0.01) while habitat influenced T size and weight (P,0.01) a well as sperm motility (P,0.05). Neither sperm numbers nor morphology showed significant differences, mostly owing to. the large variation recorded among stags (range 1-72%). Domain-grouped sperm morphological ...

Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer), Adult Weight: 191.80 lbs (87.00 kg), Birth Weight: 6.61 lbs (3.00 kg), Diet - Seeds: 10 %, Diet - Plants: 90 %, Diet: Granivore, Herbivore, Forages - Ground: 100 %, Female Maturity: 10 months 9 days, |span class=ultooltip title=Incubation|Gestation|/span|: 6 months 18 days, |span class=ultooltip title=Brood / Clutch|Litter|/span| Size: 2, |span class=ultooltip title=Broods / Clutches|Litters|/span| / Year: 1, Maximum Longevity: 22 years, Male Maturity: 1 year 1 month, |span class=ultooltip title=Level to the ground|Speed|/span|: 30.00 MPH (13.41 m/s), Weaning: 4 months 9 days

Fisher, Kimberly A.; Klocksien, Samuel. (2003). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the Restoration of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus). University of Minnesota, Department of Horticultural Science. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/60238. ...

The decline of the Siberian Musk Deers population began in China where most of the deer population was abundant. Most notably in the Sichuan plains, the musk production was accounted for 80% of the domestic trade in the 1950s.[4] New sightings of musk deer was later spotted in the upper northeast Asia and Russia; these spotted places soon opened their own musk market. After the 1980s, the production begins to steadily decline due to hunting for their musk glands. Then the cycle of over-harvesting the deers musk continued until the exploitation severely reduced the musk deers population. Another threat comes from the habitat loss by deforestation. For a long period, China cut more of its forest than they could replant. 200million cm3[4] of Chinas forest recourses were cut down in the past 25 years in order to harvest the timber stock in trade for commerce. Deforestation is a severe threat to the musk deers long term survival because the deer can only live in a few areas. ...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a unique transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). Still many facts regarding this disease remain unclear. A very interesting brandnew article...

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Whitetail deer are the most nervous and shy of our deer. They wave their tails characteristically from side to side when they are startled and fleeing. They are extremely agile and may bound at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour through tangled terrain in a forest. Whitetail deer are also good swimmers and often enter large streams and lakes to escape predators or insects or to visit islands. Their home ranges are generally small, often a square kilometer or less. Whitetail deer do not migrate to a winter range but yard up in their own territories during heavy snow. They are notorious for continually using the same pathways when foraging, but will not bed down during the day in areas that they have used previously.. Whitetail deer are generally considered solitary, especially in summer. The basic social unit is a female and her fawns, although does have been observed to graze together in herds of up to hundreds of individuals. Females generally follow their mothers for about two years, but males ...

In general, feeding of wild deer is not a popular pastime in the UK and this is probably to their favour. Wildlife services in the USA have considerable problems with landowners putting out food for deer during the winter months. The issue revolves around the fact that deer are ruminants. As mentioned elsewhere (see Food & Feeding), deer share a syntrophic relationship with numerous species of microbe that breakdown the food they eat. Moreover, the species of bacteria, protozoa, fungi or archea present is related to the individual deers diet. Thus, a deer feeding on grass and saplings have different species of bacteria to one feeding on bark and heather. This presents a problem when putting out food for them.. In Montana, for example, people put out corn and hay for deer over the winter months. The deer-which have been grazing in spring pastures-dont have the gut microorganisms necessary to digest this food. Unfortunately, deer are understandably unaware of their digestive predicament and will ...

Were seeing deer densities of somewhere between 26 and 32 deer per mile in our area, says Wolff. Ideally, according to the MASSWildlife biologists, the ideal carrying capacity is 6 to 8 deer per mile in our area. If we can significantly reduce the number of deer, it will help control the number of ticks and their potential for disease to spread.. The ongoing population among whitetail deer in the suburban area has led to an explosion in tick populations; capable of laying up to 3,000 eggs. The explosion has translated into more human-tick interactions that have led to the spread of diseases like babesiosis, anaplasmosis, Powwasan virus and Lyme disease.. In an effort to control numbers of suburban deer (and ticks), homeowners and municipalities are turning to Wolffs group, Mass Deer Service.. Because these are residential areas, firearms arent really an option, says Wolff. So what Ive done is created a group that insures and qualifies individual bowhunters to come into residential ...

The deer plague is out of control - and costing one farmer $80,000 a year. Hes not the only one - landholders around the state are out of pocket. NSW Farmers are lobbying for farmers rights to manage deer populations.

We found that oestrous hinds given a relative choice between the two male pitch variants spent more time in close proximity to speakers broadcasting high-pitched male roars. Given that previous work on red deer failed to detect a differential response by females to playback stimuli representing different male pitch variants (McComb 1991; Charlton et al. 2008b), the current research emphasizes that experimental investigation of female choice in mammals should be conducted during the females peak conception times (for review see Charlton 2008). Differences in the behaviour of oestrous versus non-oestrous females in mate choice situations have previously been reported in fallow deer, with oestrous females displaying a strong preference that was absent in non-oestrous ones (McComb & Clutton-Brock 1994).. To our knowledge, the results presented here constitute the first evidence of a female preference based on the fundamental frequency of a male call in a non-human mammal-but crucially, in the ...

FWC white-tailed deer research biologist Elina Garrison with a doe captured during the South Florida Deer Research Project. FWC photo.. The truth about Floridas deer rut There are a lot of theories and differing opinions on what causes the white-tailed deer rut. Hours of daylight decreasing, geographic latitude, genetics, climate, evolution and moon phase are many factors that hunters and deer enthusiasts have debated over the years. To get to the science behind it and learn the facts about what impacts the rut, I asked the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commissions (FWC) white-tailed deer research biologist Elina Garrison.. As winter approaches, decreased daylight triggers does to come into estrus, Garrison said. Latitude therefore plays a part as seasonal day length varies with geographic latitude.. Some hunters believe deer from other states released in Florida years ago is one of the reasons why the deer rut here is the widest ranging of any state - from July in extreme south ...

The 2013 hunting season is looking very promising because the politics of deer management is changing, starting with the House Fish and Game Committee in Harrisburg. An economic study showed that the state is making a couple of million dollars on certified timber sales each year while losing $185 million generated by hunters and other sportsmen - more than $1 billion since the Pennsylvania Game Commission and Dr. Gary Alt, the commissions deer management supervisor from 1999 to 2004, started a poorly conceived kill-the-deer management policy. That policy, which stressed habitat restoration and decreasing state herds, included multiple-doe and Deer Management Assistance Program (DMAP) permits on public land. Public land with good deer population draws hunters to rural Pennsylvania. The hunters spend money all across the state. But with a sharp decline in deer populations and fewer people hunting, The region north of Interstate 80 known as the Pennsylvania Wilds has suffered with businesses ...

Deer are the number one carriers of ticks in the United States and are prone to Lyme Disease and other vector diseases. In addition, they are known for spreading Chronic Wasting Disease from animal to animal, affecting domestic deer herds. But, these diseases are just two of many more that fall on deer. Here are common deer diseases: Screwworm and Other ParasitesHemorrhagic DiseaseBovine TuberculosisBrain AbscessesScrewworm and Other ParasitesFibromatosisResearch suggests that humans will not be affected by the diseases; however, like Mad Cow Disease, deer hunters should take caution before eating deer meat and will need to test cervid herds for CWD among other common diseases in deer.

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli carrying the stx1 and/or stx2 genes can cause multi-symptomatic illness in humans. A variety of terrestrial and aquatic environmental reservoirs of stx have been described. Culture based detection of microbes in deer species have found a low percentage of samples that have tested positive for Stx-producing microbes, suggesting that while deer may contain these microbes, their overall abundance in deer is low. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to test for the presence of stx genes in white-tailed deer fecal matter in western Pennsylvania. In this culture independent screening, nearly half of the samples tested positive for the stx2 gene, with a bias towards samples that were concentrated with stx2. This study, while limited in scope, suggests that deer may be a greater reservoir for stx than was previously thought.

Readers have turned up another photo documenting European fallow deer in Mariposa County.. The photo that appears with this update was posted on the GAZETTEs Facebook page on Aug. 12 by Shelly Sprague Jouett. The photo was taken by Spragues husband off Agua Fria Road this past spring.. The presence of the European deer in Mariposa County seems to be a recent development. According to a 2012 California Fish and Wildlife report, only about 500 of the deer were known to be in the entire state--most around Point Reyes National Recreation Area. Additional fallow deer have been documented in Mendocino County ...

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources is keeping a close eye on the deer population as a fatal disease spreads across the Midwest.

Argos, it is true that contraception has not yet been proven to reduce wild deer populations to the carrying capacity of the Crum Woods. There hasnt been enough interest in ecology to conduct a study like that; most communities just care about reducing deer-human conflicts. So is there a degree of uncertainty involved in this discussion? Of course. But the absence of such data does not belie the positive implications of the studies that have already been conducted. From tests on deer populations in Maryland, New Jersey, and New York, we know that the drug works: a single dose renders 80% of female deer infertile for up to 5 years, a second dose 100% for life. Over the course of 6 years, one population was reduced by over 50%, while another was reduced by 40% in 5 years. And from information that Bryon Schlisser himself provided on April 25, 2007 in Science Center 101, we know that wild deer, especially in suburban settings, live in small, fixed home ranges and have a relatively low dispersal ...

Argos, it is true that contraception has not yet been proven to reduce wild deer populations to the carrying capacity of the Crum Woods. There hasnt been enough interest in ecology to conduct a study like that; most communities just care about reducing deer-human conflicts. So is there a degree of uncertainty involved in this discussion? Of course. But the absence of such data does not belie the positive implications of the studies that have already been conducted. From tests on deer populations in Maryland, New Jersey, and New York, we know that the drug works: a single dose renders 80% of female deer infertile for up to 5 years, a second dose 100% for life. Over the course of 6 years, one population was reduced by over 50%, while another was reduced by 40% in 5 years. And from information that Bryon Schlisser himself provided on April 25, 2007 in Science Center 101, we know that wild deer, especially in suburban settings, live in small, fixed home ranges and have a relatively low dispersal ...

Chromosomal polymorphism plays a major role in speciation processes in mammals with high rates of karyotypic evolution, as observed in the family Cervidae. One remarkable example is the genus Mazama that comprises wide inter- and intra-specific chromosomal variability. To evaluate the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms as reproductive barriers within the genus Mazama, inter-specific hybrids between Mazama gouazoubira and Mazama nemorivaga (MGO × MNE) and intra-specific hybrids between cytotypes of Mazama americana (MAM) differing by a tandem (TF) or centric fusion (Robertsonian translocations—RT) were evaluated. MGO × MNE hybrid fertility was evaluated by the seminal quality and testicular histology. MAM hybrids estimation of the meiotic segregation products was performed by sperm-FISH analysis. MGO × MNE hybrids analyses showed different degrees of fertility reduction, from severe subfertility to complete sterility. Regarding MAM, RT, and TF carriers showed a mean value for

This 1520 word essay is about Deer, Mammals of New Zealand, Deer hunting, White-tailed deer, Mule deer, Black-tailed deer, Hunting. Read the full essay now!

The Iowa DNR reports a drop in the number of deer taken by hunters this year.. DNR Wildlife Biologist, Tyler Harms, says the drop coincides with a drop in the number of hunters. We saw about a three percent drop in license sales and about a 14% drop in the deer harvest statewide this year, Harms says. The deer taken dropped to 94,000 - compared to nearly 108,000 the year before. Harms says an outbreak of disease is likely behind the drop in license sales.. We had a significant outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease across the state. And that couldve resulted in lower numbers of deer out on the landscape - and ultimately resulting in lower harvest, Harms says. We do know after an outbreak that we had in 2012 and 2013 we had similar trends in terms of license sales and harvest. So in other words - when we see these big EHD outbreaks statewide - we would expect to see a slight drop in both license sales and harvest.. Harms says some hunters want to help the deer recover from such ...

ATTN: Nathan Bieber, Maine Deer Spy Maine Dept. 200 pound-plus bucks with heavy beams and long tines are truely awesome animals. Movement by deer from summer to winter range can vary from less than a mile to more than 25 miles depending on availability and suitability of the winter range. For example, a trail camera photo of a lone doe may be missing another deer that passed on the other side of the camera or was lagging behind, whereas a direct observation would likely account for the other deer. Augusta, ME 04333-0041, Phone: (207) 287-8000 Chris Johnson That is not a mule deer . Carl Lenander Jr. After searching everywhere on the internet, I was unable to find a photo pf this giant! Specializing in hunts for Mule Deer in Zone X5B and Pronghorn Antelope in Zone 4 Lassen. Currently, 94% of Maine is considered deer habitat; this excludes developed parts of the state. These factors include: habitat quality, habitat quantity, predators, disease and competition. Feb 12, 2020 - Explore Charles ...

The brain is a vital organ, and a well-placed shot to a deers brain will disrupt all its essential functions. This angle of the shot is perfect for securing single-shot kill for antelope, white-tailed deer, black bear, mule deer, and other big game. Also, it is very unlikely that a deer will escape with a bow lodged in its lung. While some hunters feel that a aiming neck area on deer is unethical, others feel that it is the best spot to shoot a deer. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. With broadside deer, I aim over the front leg and under the scapula, which basically means center of the lungs. Target bullets wont always expand and varmint bullets usually just leave flesh wounds. If you insist on taking down a deer with a bow, it is important to ensure you have the right broadheads. Make sure it is a bullet specifically for big game hunting. I know that this is frowned upon, and no one should shoot a game animal with a cartridge that is not adequate for that particular ...

Provincial wildlife officials are concerned that a disease killing deer and elk on the prairies could soon spread into B.C.. Chronic wasting disease, a degenerative nervous system condition similar to so-called mad cow disease, has been discovered in an animal 30 kilometres southeast of Edmonton.. Thats the furthest west - by about 100 kilometres - that biologists have detected the deadly disease and the discovery intensifies concerns that infected deer may make their way to B.C.. No infected animals have been found yet in B.C. but wildlife health staff are stepping up monitoring efforts in the Peace and Kootenay regions, where deer are most at-risk.. Hunters are being asked to help by donating deer, elk and moose heads for analysis. Drop-off locations are listed at www.stopchronicwastingdisease.ca.. Anyone who encounters a sick or dead deer is urged to report it to B.C.s wildlife health program by emailing [email protected].. Although chronic wasting disease is similar to bovine ...

Where Does Deer Antler Velvet Come From?. Deer antler velvet is a widely used international dietary and health supplement. The product is made from a growing deer antler. While an antler is forming, it is quite soft to the touch, covered in a fuzzy layer of skin, which is where the name deer antler velvet comes from. While antlers are growing, they are very abundant in a variety of beneficial nutrients such as amino acids, growth factors, collagen, calcium, chondroitin sulfate, and more.. A deers antlers will fall off naturally and grow back every year. Therefore, deer are never killed for their antler; deer antler velvet is collected without harm to the animal. Deer antler velvet must be obtained during the growth phase, before it becomes hard and calcified, to have therapeutic properties.. Deer antler velvet is usually derived from two deer species - the Cervus nippon - Japanese or Asian deer, and Cervus elaphus - European red deer. More than 2,000,000 lbs. of deer antler velvet is produced ...

Deer antler velvet is first used in Chinese Medicine. It is amazingly discovered written on a Chinese scroll that is said to be more than 2000 years old. To them, it provides its users with energy, stamina and vitality. Deer antler velvet came from the velvet of antlers stag during their early-growth stage. This is when the velvet contains a type of cartilaginous tissue full of beneficial hormones for humans. New Zealand is the largest producer of this supplement, having more than 2,800 dear farms with a combined total of 1.1 million deer. Every year, they ship tens of millions of dollars worth of deer antler velvet spray to both Asia and the United States. The ultimate goal of body builders is larger muscles and greater strength. Deer antler spray helps them get both, the reason is because it contains IGF-1 or insulin growth-like factor, which is responsible for the development of the muscles.. They decided to make deer antler spray because aside from the fact that it is very easy to apply, it ...

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Todays blog post is a disturbing video clip of a deer allegedly infected with chronic wasting disease. A friend of mine sent to me this morning. The video was posted earlier this fall by a South Dakota landowner who found a near-death mule deer. The man states that he contacted state officials, who asked him to put the deer down so they could test it for disease. He states that the deer is suffering from CWD, and outward appearance indicate that he correct in that assessment.. We arent certain this deer had CWD, but if it did, this is one of the few videos in existence of a wild deer showing clinical signs of chronic wasting disease. The disease is so slowly spreading that deer often die quietly out of sight and out of mind. It is a stark reminder of the devastating effects this deer can have on our free-ranging deer herds in North America.. CWD is a disease of the deer family. It affects whitetails, mule deer, elk and moose and is a slowly spreading disease that has no known cause or cure. ...

Dried deer antler velvet is composed of approximately 34% ash, 12% moisture, 54% organic material, of which 10% is nitrogen and 3% fat. Composition varies from species to species and with antler maturity and region of antler studies (tip, upper, middle, base) (Church, 1999).. The growing antler contains a number of necessary cells, including fibroblasts, chondroblasts, chondocytes and osteocytes. The tips of the antlers begin as undifferentiated mesenchymal cells which are transformed into cartilage. Later, the cartilage is turned to bone, due to the effects of testosterone. Deer antler velvet is antler that is still in its cartilaginous stage. So far, it has been rather difficult to ensure the cartilage-versus-bone content of harvested antlers. Food, climate, time of year, age of stag and the various concentrations of substances in different regions of the antler itself, are factors that have yet to be harnessed with assurance.. Calcification and Lipid Levels Researchers are currently ...

NEWS EDITOR. Pennsylvanias very first case of chronic wasting disease in the wild white-tailed deer population has been confirmed. In fact, this case doesnt involve just one deer but a total of three deer harvested during the fall rifle season.. In a Friday, March 1, press release, the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) announced the hunter-killed deer taken in the 2012 general firearms deer season have tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD). Two of the deer were killed in Blair County and the remaining deer was from Bedford County, all located within the PGCs southcentral region that includes Fulton County.. These are the first positive cases of CWD in free-ranging deer in Pennsylvania, confirmed PGC. Executive Director Carl Roe said, The disease was first documented in early October 2012 by the state Department of Agriculture in a captive deer on an Adams County deer farm.. While the contagious, neurological disease has been present for quite some time in both captive and wild ...

Commonly, it is believed that IGF-1, and insulin, are too fragile to be ingested, because, they are destroyed by stomach acids during digestion, and that is why both substances are frequently injected, to avoid its passage through the stomach altogether.. Taking deer antler extract as a spray may also solve the problem of conveying IGF directly to the bloodstream when sprayed under the tongue.. Various scientific tests support deer antler velvets effects on muscle strength. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment, 18 males subjects entered a 10-week strength training program, and it was found out that those who took deer antler velvet showed an increase in strength in the bench press and leg squat, and decrease in body fat relative to the overall placebo group.. In another experiment, 38 males, (all of whom were experienced weightlifters), entered a 10-week strength training program, and those who took deer antler velvet experienced an increase in peak torque and average ...

The identification and characterization of prion strains is increasingly important for the diagnosis and biological definition of these infectious pathogens. Although well-established in scrapie and, more recently, in BSE, comparatively little is known about the possibility of prion strains in chronic wasting disease (CWD), a disease affecting free ranging and captive cervids, primarily in North America. We have identified prion protein variants in the white-tailed deer population and demonstrated that Prnp genotype affects the susceptibility/disease progression of white-tailed deer to CWD agent. The existence of cervid prion protein variants raises the likelihood of distinct CWD strains. Small rodent models are a useful means of identifying prion strains. We intracerebrally inoculated hamsters with brain homogenates and phosphotungstate concentrated preparations from CWD positive hunter-harvested (Wisconsin CWD endemic area) and experimentally infected deer of known Prnp genotypes. These ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Cells cultured from the growing tip of red deer antler express alkaline phosphatase and proliferate in response to insulin-like growth factor-I. AU - Price, J. S.. AU - Oyajobi, B. O.. AU - Oreffo, R. O.C.. AU - Russell, R. G.G.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Deer antler growth provides a unique natural model of rapid and complete bone regeneration. In this study, the distal antler tips of male red deer (Cervus elaphus) were collected post-mortem during the annual growth period (April-August), and an in vitro system established for the culture of cells from three regions; the inner layer of the perichondrium, the reserve mesenchyme and the cartilage zone. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression by cultured cells, as demonstrated by enzyme histochemistry and biochemical assay, reflected the stage of cellular differentiation. ALP activity was highest in cells cultured from the hypertrophic cartilage region (3.6 ± 0.2 μmol/μg cell protein/minute), and lowest in undifferentiated ...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) persists in cervid populations of North America and in 2016 was detected for the first time in Europe in a wild reindeer in Norway. We report the detection of CWD in 3 moose (Alces alces) in Norway, identified through a large scale surveillance program. The cases occurred in 13-14-year-old female moose, and we detected an abnormal form of prion protein (PrPSc) in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the moose shared the same neuropathologic phenotype, characterized by mostly intraneuronal deposition of PrPSc. This pattern differed from that observed in reindeer and has not been previously reported in CWD-infected cervids. Moreover, Western blot revealed a PrPSc type distinguishable from previous CWD cases and from known ruminant prion diseases in Europe, with the possible exception of sheep CH1641. These findings suggest that these cases in moose represent a novel type of CWD.

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The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) and the Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) today announced that testing of Ohios deer herd has found no evidence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) for the 10th straight year. CWD is a degenerative brain disease that affects elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer.. According to ODNRs Division of Wildlife, state and federal agriculture and wildlife officials collected 549 samples last year from hunter-harvested deer from 36 counties, primarily during the deer-gun season that ran Nov. 28 - Dec. 4. All CWD testing is performed at ODAs Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.. In addition to CWD, 561 of the hunter-harvested deer samples were also tested for bovine tuberculosis. Results found no evidence of this disease in Ohio deer as well. Additional CWD samples are being taken from road-killed deer, but those test results are not yet available. Sampling will continue through April.. Since 2002, ODNRs Division of Wildlife, in conjunction with the ODAs ...

Antler Farms® (30 tablets) produces a highly concentrated deer antler velvet extract from top grade deer antler velvet. Our extract contains 100% natural, concentrated growth factors made using a proprietary, confidential method. Through 30 years of research, trial and error, and countless revisions, we have developed this flagship product. Each step of the process is very complex, and precise execution is extremely important in creating Antler Farms® authentic, high quality extract. Suggested Use: Take one tablet per day on an empty stomach. Allow tablet to dissolve under tongue in mouth, then swallow. Store in a cool, dry place. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Serving size is 1 tablet. Warning: Use only as directed. Please consult your physician prior to use if you have any medical conditions, are taking any medications, or are pregnant or nursing. Do not use if under 18 years old. Keep out of reach of children. Other Ingredients include ascorbic

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To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately post-training. All subjects were measured for circulating levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Additionally, muscular strength, endurance, and VO2max were determined. All groups improved 6 RM strength equivalently (41 ± 26%, p , .001), but there was a greater increase in isokinetic knee extensor strength (30 ± 21% vs. 13 ± 15%, p = .04) and endurance (21 ± 19% vs. 7 ± 12%, p = .02) in the powder compared to placebo group. There were no endocrine, red cell mass or VO2max changes in any group. These findings do not ...

Infections by the ixodid tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum are common in domestic ruminants and cervids in the coastal areas of southern Norway. Previous experimental work has shown that A. phagocytophilum strains recovered from red deer (Cervus elaphus) are infective in lambs, but epidemiological links between infections in red deer and sheep have yet to be established. To address this shortfall, the present study explores the genotypic relatedness between A. phagocytophilum strains infecting sympatric red deer and sheep. Blood from 32 lambs grazing on tick-infested pasture, and blood and tissues from 8 red deer shot in proximity to these pastures were collected during the summer and autumn of 2007. The presence of A. phagocytophilum in these samples was determined by PCR-based methods, and genotyping of detected strains was performed using comparative sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and msp4 fragments. A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 12 lambs and 7 red deer, 11 and 4

Transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) between cervids is influenced by the primary structure of the host cellular prion protein (PrPC). In white-tailed deer, PRNP alleles encode the polymorphisms Q95 G96 (wild type [wt]), Q95 S96 (referred to as the S96 allele), and H95 G96 (referred to as the H95 allele), which differentially impact CWD progression. We hypothesize that the transmission of CWD prions between deer expressing different allotypes of PrPC modifies the contagious agent affecting disease spread. To evaluate the transmission properties of CWD prions derived experimentally from deer of four PRNP genotypes (wt/wt, S96/wt, H95/wt, or H95/S96), transgenic (tg) mice expressing the wt allele (tg33) or S96 allele (tg60) were challenged with these prion agents. Passage of deer CWD prions into tg33 mice resulted in 100% attack rates, with the CWD H95/S96 prions having significantly longer incubation periods. The disease signs and neuropathological and protease-resistant prion protein ...

A female deer in Minnesota preliminarily tests positive for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), that officials say is not known to affect human heath.. The disease is a fatal form of encephalitis that infects deer, elk and moose, causing the animals to lose balance and walk repetitive courses. In late stages, drooling and excessive salivation occurs, according to information from theChronic Wasting Disease Alliance. Though there is no known threat to humans, the CDC recommends against consuming the meat of infected animals. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources notes the deer testing positive for the disease was harvested November, 2010 a few miles southwest of a former domestic elk farm. Of 524 deer tested in the area, only one was found to have the disease. Michelle Carstensen, the DNRs wildlife health program leader, said the prevalence of CWD is likely low. We sampled 524 deer this past hunting season in the Pine Island area and found only one that appears to have CWD.. No evidence of ...

The four-year-old white-tailed deer was harvested from a hunting preserve in Franklin County in November 2016. Samples from this deer tested positive for the disease at the Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory in Harrisburg. The test results were confirmed by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa on January 5, 2017. This deer was raised on a deer farm in Fulton County until it was sold to the Franklin County facility in August 2016. Both farms are under quarantine. The investigation continues and additional herds may be quarantined.. We are working to minimize the risk to Pennsylvanias deer herd by quarantining both farms and tracing any contacts with other deer in our efforts to find the source of CWD, if possible, said Agriculture Secretary Russell C. Redding. We want to stress that CWD is no danger to public health and has never been associated as a human health concern.. There is no strong evidence that humans or livestock can contract Chronic Wasting Disease, ...

Chemistrys Role. All of the compounds of the deer antlers are not man-made. They all occur in the deers body naturally, very similar to our own.. Background Research. - Antlers are found on the family of Cervidae. These bone growths are found on male deer, sometimes females grow antlers, but this is normally a deformity. The tissue that makes up the antlers is one of the fastest growing tissues, even faster than some cancer cells. It takes about 10 months for the deer to grow a full rack. The process begins in March or April, this is when the days lengthen. At this point of time a gland called the pineal alerts the pituitary gland.The pituitary gland has the protein hormone, prolactin in the anterior lobe, the production of this protein hormone increases under more exposure to daylight. Also, with the increased production of prolactin the body begins producing more testosterone. Testosterone is the main driving force for the production, when testosterone decrease the antlers are shed (winter ...

A piebald Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) grooms itself in a field in Pierce County, Washington. Piebaldism is caused by a genetic mutation that affects less than 2 percent of deer. Piebaldism differs from albinism in that piebald animals have cells that can produce pigment, but those cells dont. Piebald deer have a relatively low survival rate because they also often suffer from other deformities, particularly leg and spine issues.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the only naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting free-ranging wildlife populations. Transmission of CWD occurs by direct contact or through contaminated environments; however, little is known about the temporal patterns of CWD prion excretion and shedding in wild cervids. We tested the urine and faeces of three species of captive cervids (elk, mule and white-tailed deer) at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after oral inoculation to evaluate the temporal, species- and genotype-specific factors affecting the excretion of CWD prions. Although none of the animals exhibited clinical signs of CWD during the study, we determined that all three cervid species were excreting CWD prions by 6 months post-inoculation. Faecal samples were consistently positive for CWD prions for all three cervid species (88 %), and were more likely to be positive than urine samples (28 %). Cervids with genotypes encoding for the prion protein (PRNP) that were considered to be

Widespread decreases in hunter harvest and abundance estimates for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) have been reported in many parts of Montana over the last few decades. The drivers of these declines are complex, but may be attributable to declines in suitable habitat and available nutrition on the landscape. To better manage populations of mule deer in Montana, it is essential to understand factors driving habitat selection.. Our research focuses on 3 regions where little research on mule deer has been conducted: the Rocky Mountain Front, the Whitefish Range, and the Salish Mountains. In winter 2017-2018, we plan to deploy GPS collars on 30 does in each of these regions to study summer habitat use. Within each population, we will determine the forage items and habitat types individual mule deer select for in summer and compare how nutritional quality varies between those habitat types. We are interested in how landscape-altering processes like forestry and fire affect habitat quality. ...

The Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) announced that a captive white--tailed deer in a Lavaca County deer breeding facility has been confirmed positive for Chronic Wasting Disease(CWD). The Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) in College Station detected the presence of CWD in samples submitted, and the National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa confirmed the findings today.. The newly quarantined Lavaca County facility is a result of testing trace out animals that originated from a Medina County index captive white-tailed deer herd where CWD was first detected on June 30.. CWD was first detected in Texas in 2012 in free--ranging mule deer in far West Texas in the Hueco Mountains. The Lavaca county herd is the second infected breeder herd detected in Texas.. The investigation of the index facility in Medina County continues, said Dr. Dee Ellis, TAHC Executive Director. The TAHC, TPWD and USDA are diligently ...

In illegal hunting it is often possible only on the basis of morphological characteristics to determine the animal species. By the method of comparison there was performed the forensic analysis of roe deer and sheep osteological features. For the purpose of investigating the shoulder blade (Scapula) and shoulder bone (Humerus) comparative characteristics, there were used 6 shoulder blades and 6 shoulder bones of roe deer and 8 shoulder blades and 8 shoulder bones of sheep. After the skin, muscles, arterial, venous and lymphatic vessels as well as nerves were removed from the bones, they were thermally treated in an autoclave. Subsequently, the bones were placed in 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for bleaching and degreasing. Then they were air dried and then photographed. Shoulder blade (Scapula) is a bone plate (Ossa plana) roughly triangular in shape. Scapular spine (Spina scapulae) is much more prominent in roe deer with acromion blade in the form of spike, while in sheep it... is ...

State officials are instituting new rules in response to the chronic wasting disease that kills white-tailed deer.Terry Little, a wildlife researcher for the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, says the new rule puts limits on moving captive whitetail deer into Iowa, and requires those who maintain herds of deer to test the animals. Chronic wasting disease is fatal to deer and elk, and the new rules address the fear that the disease could be passed from captive herds to animals that live in the wild. The Iowa Natural Resource Commission approved the new rule today and, in a signal of urgency, made it effective tomorrow. Many Iowa butcher shops have started to refuse to process deer out of fear of the disease. State officials tested 162 road-kill deer this summer and none tested positive for the disease.. ...

Two recently confirmed cases of Chronic Wasting Disease found on a deer farm located in New Oxford has raised some concern statewide as hunters prepare for Pennsylvanias firearms season that opens Monday.The disease, which attacks the animals brain, is fatal in deer, elk and moose, but there is no evidence that it can be transmitted to humans.According to the Pennsylvania Game Commission, CWD has not been found in wild whitetail deer populations anywhere in the state. However, in response to

Like elevated stands, corn feeders are now prevalent in Arkansas deer hunting.. There is a better way, according to wildlife biologists with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission - food plots with a variety of plantings.. Ralph Meeker, AGFCs assistant deer program coordinator, says hunters can more effectively improve nutrition (for deer) by planting stuff in the ground instead of pouring it out of a bag. One factor is that an assortment of plantings can provide supplemental food for deer virtually year round. Feeders with supplemental feed or corn can be used all year as well, but this approach isnt near as nutritional or cost effective, he explained.. Another downside to using feeders is that they are not a natural option for deer that are out looking for food. Deer are selective feeders, not livestock. Deer take a few bites here, move on and take some more bites there. The average deer eats about seven pounds of food a day, but deer dont stand and eat all seven pounds at a feeder, ...

RICHMOND, Va. (WSET) --The Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries(VDGIF) said Chronic Wasting Disease has been found in 21 deer in Northwest Virginia. They say the 13 deer in Frederick County, five deer in Shenandoah County, and two deer in Clarke County and one inFauquier County also tested positive for the disease during the 2019 hunting season.

A Los Angeles based company that sells herbal tea made of deer antler is voluntarily recalling its product after two people became ill, state health officials announced Monday.. U.S. Deer Antlers Import & Export, Inc stopped selling the 6-inch by 4-inch plastic tea pouches contain labeling in Korean. There are no other lot bar codes or best if used by dates on the packaging, according to the California Department of Public Health.. We were one several. The product was sold to acupuncturists and individuals in California, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, North Carolina, Texas and Virginia. Two people from Orange County became ill after consuming the tea in March, state and local health officials said last month.. The tea has a risk of botulism, a rare but serious illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by a bacterium.. Symptoms of botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing and weakness. These are all symptoms of muscle paralysis ...

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A good guard dog will protect your livestock. Try a Great Pyrenees - they will protect your sheep, goats and alpacas from stray domestic dogs (the real threat) and curious coyotes. While coyotes do take some deer, they are mostly compromised, young and infirm. How many deer wind up with slugs and broadheads lodged in their spines after hunting season? I have personally seen more than a few that are succumbing to the gangrene and infection during and after the season. How many deer are hit by cars, and while they appear to bound off looking well are actually mortally wounded with internal injuries or fractured pelvises? People who claim to have seen coyotes taking healthy deer dont really know that the deer was healthy and not injured or starting a disease process that was not visible to the human eye. Did they frighten the coyotes away, do a complete necropsy, send tissue and organ samples, x-rays and determine yes, this was a perfectly healthy deer I think not.. There is nothing wrong with ...