Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinsons disease improves limb function. Unpublished observations from our clinic noted that some subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patients complain of post-operative dyspnea. Therefore, we designed a prospective, longitudinal study to characterize this in greater depth. We used specific questionnaires to assess dyspnea in patients with electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (n=13) or ventral intermediate thalamus (n=7). St. Georges Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire symptom subscale scores were greater in subthalamic nucleus patients (median=18.60, interquartile range=40.80) than ventral intermediate thalamus patients (median = 0.00, interquartile range=15.38) at greater than 6 months post-operatively (p|0.05). Several of the subthalamic nucleus patients exhibited functional impairments as judged by the St. Georges Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire impact subscale, the Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale, and the Dyspnoea-12

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinsons disease improves limb function. Unpublished observations from our clinic noted that some subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patients complain of post-operative dyspnea. Therefore, we designed a prospective, longitudinal study to characterize this in greater depth. We used specific questionnaires to assess dyspnea in patients with electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (n=13) or ventral intermediate thalamus (n=7). St. Georges Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire symptom subscale scores were greater in subthalamic nucleus patients (median=18.60, interquartile range=40.80) than ventral intermediate thalamus patients (median = 0.00, interquartile range=15.38) at greater than 6 months post-operatively (p|0.05). Several of the subthalamic nucleus patients exhibited functional impairments as judged by the St. Georges Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire impact subscale, the Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale, and the Dyspnoea-12

Deep brain stimulation is a method that involves using an electric stimulus on a specific target in the brain with stereotaxis. It is a minimally invasive, safe, adjustable and reversible nerve involvement technology. At present, this technique is widely applied to treat movement disorders and has produced promising effects on mental symptoms, including combined anxiety and depression. Deep brain stimulation has therefore been employed as a novel treatment for depression, obsessive‑compulsive disorder, habituation, Tourettes syndrome, presenile dementia, anorexia nervosa and other refractory mental illnesses. Many encouraging results have been reported. The aim of the present review was to briefly describe the mechanisms, target selection, side effects, ethical arguments and risks associated with deep brain stimulation. Although deep brain stimulation is a developing and promising treatment, a large amount of research is still required to determine its curative effect, and the selection of ...

A 31-year-old Chinese man with intractable severe, lifelong Tourettes syndrome characterised by forceful self-injurious motor tics and socially embarrassing vocal tics was treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation. Electrodes were implanted into the thalamic targets at the centromedian-parafascicular complex according to Hasslers nomenclature. A dramatic reduction of tics resulted. At 18 months postoperatively, there was an 81% improvement in his total tics count and a 58% improvement in his Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. His modified Rush video scale decreased from 13 to 8 and visual analogue scale from 10 to 3. These data show that bilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus can have a favourable immediate effect on severe tics in a selected group of adult patients suffering from intractable Tourettes syndrome and postoperatively the beneficial effects persisted for at least 18 months ...

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) protects dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) against 6-OHDA and MPTP. We evaluated STN DBS in a parkinsonian model that displays α-synuclein pathology using unilateral, intranigral injections of recombinant adeno-associated virus pseudotype 2/5 to overexpress wildtype human α-synuclein (rAAV2/5 α-syn). A low titer of rAAV2/5 α-syn results in progressive forelimb asymmetry, loss of striatal dopaminergic terminal density and modest loss of SNpc dopamine neurons after eight weeks, corresponding to robust human-Snca expression and no effect on rat-Snca, Th, Bdnf or Trk2 ...

Within the past few years, there has been a renaissance of functional neurosurgery for the treatment of dystonic movement disorders. In particular, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has widened the spectrum of therapeutical options for patients with otherwise intractable dystonia. It has been introduced only with a delay after DBS became an accepted treatment for advanced Parkinson disease (PD). In this overview, the authors summarize the current status of its clinical application in dystonia. Deep brain stimulation for dystonia has been developed from radiofrequency lesioning, but it has replaced the latter largely in most centers. The main target used for primary dystonia is the posteroventral globus pallidus internus (GPi), and its efficacy has been shown in generalized dystonia, segmental dystonia, and complex cervical dystonia. The optimal target for secondary dystonias is still unclear, but some patients appear to benefit more from thalamic stimulation. The improvement of dystonia with chronic DBS

Within the past few years, there has been a renaissance of functional neurosurgery for the treatment of dystonic movement disorders. In particular, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has widened the spectrum of therapeutical options for patients with otherwise intractable dystonia. It has been introduced only with a delay after DBS became an accepted treatment for advanced Parkinson disease (PD). In this overview, the authors summarize the current status of its clinical application in dystonia. Deep brain stimulation for dystonia has been developed from radiofrequency lesioning, but it has replaced the latter largely in most centers. The main target used for primary dystonia is the posteroventral globus pallidus internus (GPi), and its efficacy has been shown in generalized dystonia, segmental dystonia, and complex cervical dystonia. The optimal target for secondary dystonias is still unclear, but some patients appear to benefit more from thalamic stimulation. The improvement of dystonia with chronic DBS

TY - JOUR. T1 - Gender Disparities in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsons Disease. AU - Shpiner, Danielle S.. AU - Di Luca, Daniel G.. AU - Cajigas, Iahn. AU - Diaz, Juan S.. AU - Margolesky, Jason. AU - Moore, Henry. AU - Levin, Bonnie E.. AU - Singer, Carlos. AU - Jagid, Jonathan. AU - Luca, Corneliu C.. N1 - Funding Information: Source(s) of financial support: This project was supported in part by a grant from the Parkinsons Foundation Publisher Copyright: © 2019 International Neuromodulation Society Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2019/6. Y1 - 2019/6. N2 - Objectives: This study sought to determine whether there is a gender disparity in patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinsons disease (PD) at a single health system, and better understand the reasons for this discrepancy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from the University of Miami DBS Database, which included 3251 PD patients, using chi-square, repeated measures ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Differential Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Internal Capsule and the Striatum on Excessive Grooming in Sapap3 Mutant Mice. AU - Pinhal, Cindy M. AU - Van den Boom, B.. AU - Santana-Kragelund, Fabiana. AU - Fellinger, Lizz. AU - Bech, Pol. AU - Hamelink, Ralph. AU - Feng, Guoping. AU - Willuhn, Ingo. AU - Feenstra, Matthijs G P. AU - Denys, D.. N1 - Copyright © 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.. PY - 2018. Y1 - 2018. N2 - BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that do not respond to conventional therapies. Although the precise mechanism of action of DBS remains unknown, modulation of activity in corticofugal fibers originating in the prefrontal cortex is thought to underlie its beneficial effects in OCD.METHODS: To gain more mechanistic insight into DBS in OCD, we used Sapap3 mutant mice. These mice display excessive self-grooming and ...

In the current era of functional surgery for movement disorders, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is emerging as the favoured intervention for patients with dystonia. Here we report our results in 20 patients with medically intractable dystonia treated with GPi stimulation. The series comprised 14 patients with generalized dystonia and six with spasmodic torticollis. Although comparisons were limited by differences in their respective neurological rating scales, chronic DBS clearly benefited both patient groups. Data conveying the rate of change in neurological function following intervention are also presented, demonstrating the gradual but progressive and sustained nature of improvement following stimulation of the GPi in dystonic patients.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamic ventrointermediate nucleus (VIM) is the traditional target for the surgical treatment of pharmacologically refractory essential tremor or parkinsonian tremor. Studies in recent years on DBS in posterior subthalamic area (PSA), including the zona incerta and the prelemniscal radiation, have shown promising results in tremor suppression, particularly for those tremors difficult to be well controlled by VIM DBS, such as the proximal postural tremor, distal intention tremor and some cerebellar outflow tremor in various diseases including essential tremor and multiple sclerosis. The adverse effect profile of the PSA DBS is mild and transient, without lasting or striking dysarthria, disequilibrium or tolerance, in contrast to VIM DBS, particularly bilateral DBS. However, the studies on PSA DBS so far are still limited, with a handful of studies on bilateral PSA, and a short follow up duration compared to VIM. More studies are needed for direct comparison of these

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common psychiatric condition with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 2-3 % of the general population. It is generally characterized by a chronic course leading to a profound impairment in psychosocial functioning and to a marked deterioration in quality of life. Today, the well-established efficacy of antidepressants, acting preferentially by blocking serotonin reuptake, in addition to psychological treatments, have considerably changed the poor prognosis of the illness. However, both conventional therapeutic approaches failed to substantially alleviate obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 20-30% of cases. Deep brain stimulation, as a reversible and adjustable surgical procedure, has recently been introduced in the field of OCD, primarily targeting either the ventral striatum (VS) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and leading to an approximately 40% or greater reduction in clinical symptom intensity from baseline levels in severely chronic and ...

Over the past 7 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used in various centres to treat patients with intractable chronic cluster headache (CH). Results in these non-controlled studies were encouraging but need to be confirmed in controlled conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBS in chronic and treatment-resistant CH, in randomized placebo-controlled conditions.. Inclusion criteria are: patients with chronic CH (,3years), with daily attack and non response to adequate treatment (verapamil up 960 mg/d, lithium with plasmatic level 0.6-1 mEq/ ml, and association of both drugs). After induction of local anaesthesia, electrodes are implanted stereotactically in the postero-inferior hypothalamus according to the previously described coordinates, and connected to a sub-cutaneous generator. In this crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blinded study, the efficacy of DBS is evaluated using comparison of two one-month sequences: one with ...

Globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is efficacious for reduction of medically refractory, primary, generalised dystonia and subtypes of acquired dystonia,1 but there is little evidence supporting the efficacy of DBS in dystonia acquired after stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI).. Dystonia has been reported in up to 4% of patients with post-stroke2 and up to 20% of patients after severe TBI.3 Patients who develop dystonia after stroke or TBI are typically adolescents/young adults, in whom dystonia manifests in days to years after the initial event. Brain MRI abnormalities are often present, typically in the basal ganglia. The most frequent type of dystonia observed in this population is hemidystonia, which is usually refractory to medical management.3 Since young adults are predominantly afflicted and the dystonia is often medically refractory, this population experiences significant disability for the majority of their lifetime ...

Cluster headache is a severely debilitating disorder that can remain unrelieved by current pharmacotherapy. Alongside ablative neurosurgical procedures, neuromodulatory treatments of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and occipital nerve simulation have emerged in the last few years as effective treatments for medically refractory cluster headaches. Pioneers in the field have sought to publish guidelines for neurosurgical treatment; however, only small case series with limited long-term follow-up have been published. Controversy remains over which surgical treatments are best and in which circumstances to intervene. Here we review current data on neurosurgical interventions for chronic cluster headache focusing upon DBS and occipital nerve stimulation, and discuss the indications for and putative mechanisms of DBS including translational insights from functional neuroimaging, diffusion weighted tractography, magnetoencephalography and invasive neurophysiology.

To provide deep brain stimulation therapy to alter pathological functioning of circuitry involved in causing medically-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: There is solid evidence of the long term efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in the treatment of generalised dystonia. However there are conflicting reports concerning whether certain subgroups gain more benefit from treatment than others. We analysed the results of a series of 60 cases to evaluate the effects of previously proposed prognostic factors including dystonia aetiology, dystonia phenotype, age at onset of dystonia, and duration of dystonia prior to treatment.

Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome, from Hot Topics in Evaluation, Treatment and Management of Tourette Syndrome and Co-occurring Conditions

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who do not respond to other treatments can benefit from deep brain stimulation, supports available research evidence.

Widge, A. S., Zorowitz, S., Link, K., Miller, E. K., Deckersbach, T., Eskandar, E. N., & Dougherty, D. D. (2015). Ventral Capsule/Ventral Striatum Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Consistently Diminish Occipital Cross-Frequency Coupling. Biological Psychiatry.. Widge, A. S., Arulpragasam, A. R., Deckersbach, T., & Dougherty, D. D. (2015). Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders. Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource.. Widge, A.S., Deckersbach, T., Eskandar, E. N. & Dougherty, D. D. Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Illnesses: What Has Gone Wrong and What Should We Do Next? Biological Psychiatry, 2015 Jun 10.. Widge, A. S., & Dougherty, D. D. (2015). Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Refractory Mood and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 2(4), 187-197.. Nierenberg, A., Peters, A., Stange, J., Sylvia, L.G., Otto, M.W., Miklowitz, D.J., Dougherty, D.D., ...

In this article, I explore select case studies of Parkinson patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in light of the notions of alienation and authenticity. While the literature on DBS has s

Describes results from an animal study involving deep brain stimulation that holds promise as a therapy for severe cocaine addiction.

Definition of deep brain stimulation. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions.

Professor Antoninis research focuses on pharmacology of dopaminergic medications, neuroimaging as well as cognitive and behavioural aspects of Parkinsons disease. In addition he is actively involved in the use of continuous infusion of levodopa and apomorphine as well as subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulus (STN-DBS) for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia of complicated Parkinson patients.. During his academic career he has published almost 200 peer-reviewed manuscripts and several book chapters. He has many society affiliations, including treasurer of the Association of Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.. ...

Patel YA, George A, Dorval AD, White JA, Christini DJ, Butera RJ, Hard real-time closed-loop electrophysiology with the Real-Time eXperiment Interface (RTXI). PLoS Comput Biol 2017 May;13(5):e1005430. King NO, Anderson CJ, Dorval AD, Deep brain stimulation exacerbates hypokinetic dysarthria in a rat model of Parkinsons disease. J Neurosci Res 2016 Feb;94(2):128-38. Dorval AD, Muralidharan A, Jensen AL, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Information in pallidal neurons increases with parkinsonian severity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015 Nov;21(11):1355-61. Willsie AC, Dorval AD, Computational Field Shaping for Deep Brain Stimulation With Thousands of Contacts in a Novel Electrode Geometry. Neuromodulation 2015 Oct;18(7):542-50; discussion 550-1. Anderson CJ, Sheppard DT, Huynh R, Anderson DN, Polar CA, Dorval AD, Subthalamic deep brain stimulation reduces pathological information transmission to the thalamus in a rat model of parkinsonism. Front Neural Circuits 2015;9:31. Willsie A, Dorval A, Fabrication and ...

Deep Brain Stimulator For Parkinsons Disease,Medical Illustration database of the best portfolios and stock images now features General and Commercial Illustration and illustrators. 8,000+ image database includes all types of subjects and features the largest directory of medical, science, and nature illustrators and illustration on the web.

Deep Brain Stimulator For Multiple Sclerosis,Medical Illustration database of the best portfolios and stock images now features General and Commercial Illustration and illustrators. 8,000+ image database includes all types of subjects and features the largest directory of medical, science, and nature illustrators and illustration on the web.

Global deep brain stimulators market is expected to reach USD 1,592.9 million by 2020, according to a new study by Grand View Research, Inc. Increasing pre

A Leksell Stereotactic frame was mounted on the patients head. An O-arm® was used to perform a stereotactic volumetric computed tomography (CT) scan of the head. These CT images were then merged with a Stealth navigation system protocol MRI of the brain. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the images was performed to identify the locations of the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC). The coordinates chosen were 12 mm to the left and right of the AC-PC midpoint, 3 mm behind the AC-PC midpoint, and 4 mm below the AC-PC midpoint. The AC-PC distance was measured to be 26.87 mm. After a bifrontal incision, bilateral burr holes overlying the coronal suture were created approximately 4 cm from the midline at each side. Next, a microelectrode drive for the right side was mounted to the Leksell frame. Microelectrode recordings (MERs) were not optimal for the right side, so an O-arm CT scan was performed which showed that the electrodes were lateral and anterior to the desired ...

Objective: One patient received oral levodopa during a study aiming for better understanding of the basal ganglia and of the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) with and without intravenous (IV) levodopa infusion in patients with Parkinsons disease (PD). The results from oral and IV levodopa treatment are presented. Methods: Five patients with advanced PD were included in the original study. During planned STN DBS surgery microdialysis probes were implanted in the right putamen and in the right and left globus pallidus interna (Gpi). During the study, microdialysis was performed continuously and STN DBS, with and without IV levodopa infusion, was performed according to a specific protocol. After DBS surgery, but before STN DBS was started, one patient received oral levodopa/ benserazide and entacapone tablets out of protocol due to distressing parkinsonism. Results: The levodopa levels increased prompt in the central nervous system after the first PD medication

A clinical and scientific focus is the identification and clinical testing of new target points for neuromodulatory therapeutic procedures such as deep brain stimulation. In addition to implementing these new procedures for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, both struct ural imaging by high field-MRI and PET and the acquisition of functional and cognitive neuro-behavioral parameters by Near-Infrared Spect roscopy and Event-related Potentials are used to perform scientific evaluations. In particular, the behavioral effect s of deep brain stimulation as a function of the target and parameters of the stimulation are examined. Investigations of the clinical effect s of deep brain stimulation in atypical Parkinson syndromes (PSP, MSA) and substance dependence are conduct ed in collaboration with colleagues in psychiatry. For example, we have shown in patients with PSP that stimulation of the pedunculopontine nuclei reduces the spontaneous tendency to fall, and that high frequency ...

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing public health concern with only a limited number of approved treatments. However, even approved treatments are subject to limited efficacy with high long-term relapse rates. Current treatment approaches are typically a combination of pharmacotherapies and behavioral counselling. Growing evidence and technological advances suggest the potential of brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of SUDs. There are three main brain stimulation techniques that are outlined in this review: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The insula, a region of the cerebral cortex, is known to be involved in critical aspects underlying SUDs, such as interoception, decision making, anxiety, pain perception, cognition, mood, threat recognition, and conscious urges. This review focuses on both the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the role of the insula in addiction, thereby

If you or a loved one has Parkinsons disease or essential tremor, you may have heard of deep brain stimulation. But what is it? How does it help? And how is it done here at OHSU? Here are 10 of the most frequently asked questions that can help you learn more. Weve also recently launched a new deep brain stimulation website with details on the procedure and which patients make good candidates. 1. What is deep brain stimulation? Deep … Read More. ...

Adding to its Activa line of deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices, Medtronic has announced the US and European launch of its new Activa SC DBS system. The

Objective: To study the pyramidal tract side effects (PTSEs) induced by the spread of current from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to the pyramidal tract (PT), in parkinsonian patients undergoing STN stimulation. Methods: We assessed 14 patients bilaterally implanted with tetrapolar electrodes. For each side separately, we detected the threshold of adverse effects induced by monopolar stimulation delivered by the chronically used contact. The voltage was progressively increased until the patient experienced discomfort. We videotaped all the PTSEs induced at 130 Hz - high-frequency stimulation (HFS) - and at 2 or 3 Hz - low-frequency stimulation (LFS). Superimposing the pre- and postoperative MRIs, we measured the distance (R) from the centre of the used contact (cC) to the medial border of the PT. Results: The progressive increase in voltage at HFS induced tonic motor contractions, mainly located in the face, in 27/28 electrodes. LFS induced synchronous rhythmic myoclonus in the same territory. ...

OBJECTIVE: Correlating electrical activity within the human brain to movement is essential for developing and refining interventions (e.g. deep brain stimulation (DBS)) to treat central nervous system disorders. It also serves as a basis for next generation brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). This study highlights a new decoding strategy for capturing movement and its corresponding laterality from deep brain local field potentials (LFPs). APPROACH: LFPs were recorded with surgically implanted electrodes from the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus interna in twelve patients with Parkinsons disease or dystonia during a visually cued finger-clicking task. We introduce a method to extract frequency dependent neural synchronization and inter-hemispheric connectivity features based upon wavelet packet transform (WPT) and Granger causality approaches. A novel weighted sequential feature selection algorithm has been developed to select optimal feature subsets through a feature contribution measure. This is

STN DBS may result in either a favorable or an unfavorable outcome in patients with Parkinson disease and impulse control and related disorders.{ref93} Although there may be resolution or improvement ... more

Abnormally sustained beta-frequency synchronisation between the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with motor symptoms in Parkinsons disease (PD). It is currently unclear whether STN neurons have a preference for beta-frequency input (12-35 Hz), rather than cortical input at other frequencies, and how such a preference would arise following dopamine depletion. To address this question, we combined analysis of cortical and STN recordings from awake human PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery with recordings of identified STN neurons in anaesthetised rats. In these patients, we demonstrate that a subset of putative STN neurons is strongly and selectively sensitive to magnitude fluctuations of cortical beta oscillations over time, linearly increasing their phase-locking strength with respect to the full range of instantaneous amplitude in the beta-frequency range. In rats, we probed the frequency response of STN neurons in the cortico-basal-ganglia-network ...

We investigate the brain networks and neurotransmitters involved in symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinsons disease, and the mechanisms by which modulating these networks through electrical stimulation affects these symptoms. We are particularly interested in the mechanisms through which neuromodulation therapies like deep brain stimulation affect non-motor brain functions, such as cognitive function and mood. We use imaging of specific neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, to understand the changes in brain chemistry associated with the clinical effects of deep brain stimulation and to predict which patients are likely to have changes in non-motor symptoms following DBS. Through collaborations with our neurosurgery colleagues, we explore brain function by making recordings during DBS surgery during motor and non-motor tasks. Dr. Mills collaborates with researchers in the Department of Neurosurgery, the Division of Geriatric and Neuropsychiatry in the Depar...tment ...

We investigate the brain networks and neurotransmitters involved in symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinsons disease, and the mechanisms by which modulating these networks through electrical stimulation affects these symptoms. We are particularly interested in the mechanisms through which neuromodulation therapies like deep brain stimulation affect non-motor brain functions, such as cognitive function and mood. We use imaging of specific neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, to understand the changes in brain chemistry associated with the clinical effects of deep brain stimulation and to predict which patients are likely to have changes in non-motor symptoms following DBS. Through collaborations with our neurosurgery colleagues, we explore brain function by making recordings during DBS surgery during motor and non-motor tasks. Dr. Mills collaborates with researchers in the Department of Neurosurgery, the Division of Geriatric and Neuropsychiatry in the Depar...tment ...

A comprehensive survey of the state of current practice, this new edition of Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians provides thoroughly updated information on the growing list of electrical stimulation therapies now in use or under study, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), cortical stimulation (CS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS), as well as new coverage of promising treatments such as low intensity focused ultrasound pulsation (LIFUP) and temporal interference stimulation (TI). After a brief course on the fundamentals of electricity and a refresher on neuroanatomy, the text explores how electricity works within biological systems before progressing to the chapters on individual therapies, which cover the history and evolution of the treatment, the techniques involved, clinical indications, side effects, and an up-to-date review of the evidence base supporting its ...

Gamma activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is widely viewed as a pro-kinetic rhythm. Here we test the hypothesis that rather than being specifically linked to movement execution, gamma activity reflects dynamic processing in this nucleus. We investigated the role of gamma during fast stopping and recorded scalp electroencephalogram and local field potentials from deep brain stimulation electrodes in 9 Parkinsons disease patients. Patients interrupted finger tapping (paced by a metronome) in response to a stop-signal sound, which was timed such that successful stopping would occur only in ~50% of all trials. STN gamma (60-90 Hz) increased most strongly when the tap was successfully stopped, whereas phase-based connectivity between the contralateral STN and motor cortex decreased. Beta or theta power seemed less directly related to stopping. In summary, STN gamma activity may support flexible motor control as it did not only increase during movement execution but also during rapid action-stopping.

Deep brain stimulation works by implanting fine wires (electrodes) into a specific portion of the brain. This was originally known as thalamic DBS or Vim stim, and initially targeted the thalamus, which is a major relay station deep within the brain. In recent years, many surgeons have been using another area, the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) as the target for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Our experience with DBS in the PSA has been extremely encouraging and this is now our preferred target.. ...

Deep brain stimulation works by implanting fine wires (electrodes) into a specific portion of the brain. This was originally known as thalamic DBS or Vim stim, and initially targeted the thalamus, which is a major relay station deep within the brain. In recent years, many surgeons have been using another area, the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) as the target for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Our experience with DBS in the PSA has been extremely encouraging and this is now our preferred target.. ...

AIM: To evaluate the results of ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with tremor predominant Parkinsons disease (PD) at 6 years post surgery.. METHODS: This was a prolonged follow-up study of 38 patients from eight centres who participated in a multicentre study, the 1 year results of which have been published previously. Total scores as well as scores for individual items of the motor part and the disability part of the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale were used for evaluation.. RESULTS: Tremor was still effectively controlled by DBS and appendicular rigidity and akinesia remained stable compared with baseline. Axial scores (speech, gait and postural instability), however, worsened, and in parallel the initial improvement in activities of daily living scores at the 1 year follow-up had disappeared at 6 years, despite sustained improvement of tremor. Remarkably, neither daily doses of dopaminergic medication nor fluctuations and dyskinesias had ...

She also explained that the two of them first need to prepare a paper for publication that summarizes the current facts about the use of DBS to treat RLS. Once that is published, then they can request grant funding for a research project. She had mentioned that she knew that her co-investigator also had potential candidates. What I heard today is that she does not know whether these others are pure RLS patients (like me) or whether they are Parkinsons patients who also have RLS. If it is the latter, then it may increase my chances of being picked since research studies like simple, unambiguous results and not something where others can criticized that the DBS fixed the Parkinsons, so the RLS simply went away. Of course, there is also the argument that DBS is an established treatment for Parkinsons, so the risk to the patient would be lower ...

Objective Impulse control disorders (ICDs) and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) are important behavioral problems that affect a subpopulation of patients with Parkinsons disease (PD) and typically result in markedly diminished quality of life for patients and their caregivers. We aimed to investigate the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on ICD/DDS frequency and dopaminergic medication usage. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 159 individuals who underwent unilateral or bilateral PD DBS surgery in either STN or GPi. According to published criteria, pre- and post-operative records were reviewed to categorize patients both pre- and post-operatively as having ICD, DDS, both ICD and DDS, or neither ICD nor DDS. Group differences in patient demographics, clinical presentations, levodopa equivalent dose (LED), and change in diagnosis following unilateral/bilateral by brain target (STN or GPi DBS placement) were

Brain stimulation therapy involves the application of [electric] energy over specific brain regions to modulate the function of neural circuits. This can help alleviate symptoms of depression or other mental illnesses that arent responding to typical treatments, such as bipolar disorder. There are five main types of brain stimulation therapies used to treat mental illness: electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and magnetic seizure therapy. Lets explore vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) and Deep brain stimulation (DBS).. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Vagus nerve stimulation was initially developed as a treatment for the seizure disorder epilepsy, and in a happy accident, scientists discovered that it could help with depression as well. The FDA approved VNS for treatment-resistant depression in 2005.. If youre getting this kind of therapy, doctors will surgically implant a tool called a pulse generator into the ...

As part of the basal ganglia circuitry, these anatomic locations play a critical role in the control of movement. The effects of stimulating these brain regions are indicated in the Table. Thalamic (Vim) stimulation is only effective for tremor, not for the other symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Stimulation of the globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus, in contrast, may benefit not only tremor but also other parkinsonian symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesias, and gait problems. For most patients with Parkinsons disease, DBS of the globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus are more appropriate choices than thalamic DBS because stimulation at these targets affects a broader range of symptoms. A recent studycompared the outcomes of 300 patients who were randomized to deep brain stimulation of either the globus pallidus interna or subthalamic nucleus (Follett et al 2010). Two years after surgery, there was no clear advantage to either location. Patients undergoing subthalamic ...

Essential tremor is a common movement disorder with an unclear origin. Emerging evidence suggests the role of the cerebellum and the thalamus in tremor pathophysiology. We examined the two main neurotransmitters acting inhibitory (GABA+) and excitatory (Glx) respectively, in the thalamus and cerebellum, in patients diagnosed with severe essential tremor. Furthermore, we also investigated the relationship between determined neurotransmitter concentrations and tremor severity in the essential tremor patients. Ten essential tremor patients (prior to deep brain stimulation surgery) and six healthy controls, were scanned using a 3 T MR system. GABA+ and Glx concentrations were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) performed using single voxel MEGA-PRESS. For the purpose of assessing the tremor severity, the essential tremor rating scale (ETRS) was used in accordance with Fahn, Tolosa, and Marin. We demonstrated that the cerebellar GABA+/Glx ratio was positively correlated to the ETRS (r = 0.70

Research and Markets has announced [1] the addition of the Neuromodulation Market - [Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS), & Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)] - Forecasts to 2017 report to their offering.. Neuromodulation devices have emerged as one of the fastest growing segments of the medical device market due to high demand for minimally invasive and non-invasive treatment. With advancements in technology, neuromodulation is expected to become a promising therapeutic area and high growth industry in the next decade, as it offers symptomatic relief mainly from chronic pain, incontinence, heart failure, headache, depression, epilepsy, etc.. The neuromodulation devices market includes deep brain stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation and others external stimulation devices such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, ...

Objective: Throughout the last 20 years, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has become an approved therapy in Parkinsons Disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Several systems for DBS are on the market, but the main percentage of systems implanted for DBS therapy are supplied by Medtronic Inc. (Meerbusch, Germany). At the moment neurostimulators of the Activa-product-family (Medtronic Inc., Meerbusch, Germany) are available. Kinetra neurostimulators (Medtronic Inc., Meerbusch, Germany) have been implanted before but are not available any more. Subjective impressions of implanting neurosurgeons and patients now suggest, that the longevity of battery life of Activa PC neurostimulators is shorter than that of Kinetra neurostimulators.. Method: In this retrospective study we evaluated our Deep Brain Stimulation database of all patients that received a system for DBS or a replacement of a neurostimulator in our neurosurgical clinic. We compared the longevity of battery life ...

Health,Dystonia a group of diseases that cause a patients muscles to involu...We knew from early studies that a certain type dystonia has a drama...The study also showed that the surgery is more effective if performe...Source-Eurekalert SRI ...,New,Hope,For,Dystonia,Treatment,Through,Deep,Brain,Stimulation,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news

DBS is the most invasive treatment for CH, which is why it is the last option offered to our patients. Reported experiences of this treatment are scarce, with most of the published literature consisting of case reports and case series. Treatment efficacy and follow-up periods vary in existing studies. ORR and mean follow-up duration reported to date are as follows: Leone et al.,11 70% after 8.7 years; Fontaine et al.,5 50% after 14.6 months; and Seijo-Fernandez et al.,20 100% after 61.3 months. We found a maintained ORR of 100% at follow-up after 52 months, with just 1 of our 7 patients reporting being unsatisfied with the treatment, despite being a responder.. In patient series in which nonresponders are reported, bilateral episodes of CH have been identified as a poor response predictor for DBS.11 Half of the nonresponders in the study by Fontaine et al.5 had bilateral CH; the same author found no differences in mild electrode misplacement (compared with preoperative coordinate planning) ...

Surgery for psychiatric disorders is still performed rarely today. The procedures have become more selective and less extensive and now include deep brain stimulation with implanted electrodes. Similar surgical procedures and deep brain stimulation are sometimes done for movement disorders and chronic pain. Surgery for psychiatric disorders is still controversial and, when performed, is most often used for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is a disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors such as repeated hand washing or checking to see if doors are locked. OCD can severely affect functioning and quality of life ...

The nucleus accumbens is critical for reward-guided learning and decision-making. It is thought to gate the flow of a diverse range of information (e.g., rewarding, aversive, and novel events) from limbic afferents to basal ganglia outputs. Gating and information encoding may be achieved via cross-frequency coupling, in which bursts of high-frequency activity occur preferentially during specific phases of slower oscillations. We examined whether the human nucleus accumbens engages such a mechanism by recording electrophysiological activity directly from the accumbens of human patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Oscillatory activity in the gamma (40-80 Hz) frequency range was synchronized with the phase of simultaneous alpha (8-12 Hz) waves. Further, losing and winning small amounts of money elicited relatively increased gamma oscillation power prior to and following alpha troughs, respectively. Gamma-alpha synchronization may reflect an electrophysiological gating mechanism in ...

The neural interface system of the preferred embodiments includes an electrode array having a plurality of electrode sites and a carrier that supports the electrode array. The electrode array is coupled to the carrier such that the electrode sites are arranged both circumferentially around the carrier and axially along the carrier. A group of the electrode sites may be simultaneously activated to create an activation pattern. The system of the preferred embodiment is preferably designed for deep brain stimulation, and, more specifically, for deep brain stimulation with fine electrode site positioning, selectivity, tunability, and precise activation patterning. The system of the preferred embodiments, however, may be alternatively used in any suitable environment (such as the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, muscle, or any other suitable anatomical location) and for any suitable reason.

It has been proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) mediates response inhibition and conflict resolution through the fronto-basal ganglia pathways. Our aim was to compare the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reactive and proactive inhibition and conflict resolution in Parkin …

Although chronic pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in the treatment of medically intractable dystonia, there is no way of predicting the variations in clinical outcome, partly due to our limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity from the most severely affected muscle groups in seven dystonia patients before and after pallidal DBS. Patient EMG recordings could be classified into two groups: one consisting of patients who at rest demonstrated a dominant low frequency component of activity on power spectral analysis (ranging from 2 to 5 Hz), and one group in which this dominant pattern was absent. Early postoperative improvements (within 2-3 days) were observed in the former group, whereas the latter group benefited more gradually (over several months). Analysis of EMG activity may provide a sensitive means of identifying dystonic patients who are likely to be most responsive to functional

We investigated the effect of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) in dystonia on cognition, mood, and quality of life and also assessed if DYT1 gene status influenced cognitive outcome following GPi-DBS. Fourteen patients with primary generalized dystonia (PGD) were assessed, measuring their estimated premorbid and current IQ, memory for words and faces, and working memory, language, executive function, and sustained attention, one month before and one year or more after surgery. Changes in mood and behaviour and quality of life were also assessed.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation in swallowing rehabilitation following stroke - A review of the literature. AU - Doeltgen, Sebastian. AU - Bradnam, Lynley. AU - Young, Jessica. AU - Fong, Eric. PY - 2015/5/1. Y1 - 2015/5/1. N2 - Background: This descriptive review of the literature outlines the current evidence-base underpinning the potential of transcranial brain stimulation techniques to modulate swallowing function in healthy individuals and in treating post-stroke dysphagia. Methods: Published research was identified by review of scientific databases (Scopus, Medline Ovid, Science Direct, AMED and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords. In addition, the reference lists of identified articles were scrutinized to identify further potentially relevant papers. Studies employing variants of transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation for the purpose of modulating swallowing motor cortical excitability in healthy participants or dysphagia following stroke were ...

: Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical therapy to treat Parkinsons disease (PD). Conventional methods employ standard atlas coordinates to target the STN, which, along with the adjacent red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN), are not well visualized on conventional T1w MRIs. However, the positions and sizes of the nuclei may be more variable than the standard atlas, thus making the pre-surgical plans inaccurate. We investigated the morphometric variability of the STN, RN and SN by using label-fusion segmentation results from 3T high resolution T2w MRIs of 33 advanced PD patients. In addition to comparing the size and position measurements of the cohort to the Talairach atlas, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to acquire more intuitive and detailed perspectives of the measured variability. Lastly, the potential correlation between the variability shown by PCA results and the clinical scores was explored. Hum Brain Mapp, 2014. © 2014 Wiley

Tipu Aziz. Professor Tipu Aziz is the founder and head of Oxford functional neurosurgery. His primate work was central to confirming the subthalamic nucleus as a possible surgical target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinsons disease and more recently the pedunculopontine nucleus. Oxford Functional Neurosurgery is currently one of the busiest centres for such surgery in the UK and academically very productive. His research interests...... Sanj Bassi. Mr Bassi is a Consultant Neurosurgeon who has an interest in both adult and paediatric neurosurgery, although the bulk of his practice is with children. His paediatric expertise includes brain tumours, hydrocephalus, neuro-endoscopy, insertion of baclofen pumps, spina bifida, spinal cord untethering, ecepholocoeles, cranio-facial surgery for craniosynostosis, head injuries, antenatal advice on congenital abnormalities, arterio-venous malformation and aneurysmal sub-arachnoid haemorrhage.. Paul Brennan. ...

Neuromodulation refers to invasive, minimally invasive or non-invasive techniques to stimulate discrete cortical or subcortical brain regions with therapeutic purposes in otherwise intractable patients: for example, thousands of advanced Parkinsonian patients, as well as patients with tremor or dystonia, benefited by deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures (neural targets: basal ganglia nuclei). A new era for DBS is currently opening for patients with drug-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, severe epilepsy, migraine and chronic pain (neural targets: basal ganglia and other subcortical nuclei or associative fibres). Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown clinical benefits in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and depression. Non-invasive brain stimulation neuromodulatory techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are also being increasingly investigated for their therapeutic potential in ...

Dr. McInerney has served as the director of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery at Penn State University - Milton Hershey Medical Center since 2003 and serves as the neurosurgical director of its Radiosurgery Center. He is co-director of the Movement Disorder Center and is also director of the CAST-certified Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Fellowship. Dr. McInerney serves on the Promotion and Tenure Committee for the department and also is the Department of Neurosurgerys representative to the Deans Physician Advisory Council. He is the co-chair for the Registry for the Advancement of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsons Disease (RAD-PD); a Board member of the AANS/CNS Section on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery; an ex officio member of the AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section Board; and serves as part of the AANS Mentor program. Dr. McInerneys research interests include the development of clinical registries and the basic science of radiosurgery for vascular lesions. ...

Over the past 15 years, there has been an explosion of interest in the use of noninvasive brain stimulation approaches to study the brain. Some studies have suggested that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in particular can elicit positive effects on performance for many aspects of cognition, including working memory, attention, executive function, language, and numerical competence. A growing literature further indicates that tDCS can provide potentially long‐lasting benefits for patient rehabilitation, ameliorating wide-ranging conditions such as aphasia, pain, major depression, tinnitus, and migraine, among others. It is well-accepted that tDCS is a well-tolerated, noninvasive technique that involves the application of low levels of direct current (1‐2 mA, 10‐30 minutes) through electrodes placed on the scalp to alter the neural activity of underlying neural populations. It is often assumed that during and immediately after application, cortical excitability increases under the

27 June 2012. HELSINKI, Finland-June 27, 2012--The NBS System was prominent in numerous presentations at the recent 63rd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Neurosurgery (DGNC), in Leipzig 13 - 16 June 2012. The following abstracts concerned NBS in motor and speech mapping (click on title of abstract to link to full abstract):. Test/retest variability of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects and brain tumor patients Zdunczyk A, Fleischmann R, Schulz J, Picht T, Vajkoczy P. Preoperative navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation for tumors of the motor cortex Krieg SM, Shiban E, Buchmann N, Sabih J, Meyer B, Ringel F. Risk-benefit balancing in rolandic tumor surgery using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation Picht T, Strack V, Schulz J, Schilt S, Jussen D, Vajkoczy P. The pyramidal tract as intraoperative reference in deep brain stimulation: Correlation of intraoperative motor evoked potentials and navigated TMS based tractography Weise L, Forster MT, ...

Summary: Researchers at Kings College London report transcranial direct current stimulation can help to improve cognitive function in those with Schizophrenia. The researchers found the improvement in cognitive performance was seen 24 hours after the initial stimulation was applied. They suggest the changes make not be instantaneous, and may take some time to occur.. Source: Kings College London.. Brain stimulation could be used to treat cognitive deficits frequently associated with schizophrenia, according to a new study from Kings College London.. There is currently a lack of effective treatments and an urgent need for new interventions to address these problems in short-term memory and decision making, which are often severely impaired in people with schizophrenia. This can make it difficult for them to adequately plan, sustain necessary focus and attention, and remember information, which has a significant impact on day-to-day life.. These so-called cognitive deficits are not addressed by ...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinsons disease, usually leading to significant improvement in motor symptoms and quality of life. Symptoms such as movement restrictions, muscle rigidity, or tremor can be alleviated using the neurosurgical procedure which places small electrodes into deep structures of the brain. Whether optimal symptom relief is achieved depends on the correct placement of the electrode. Characteristic connectivity patterns can be observed between the area surrounding the implant and other areas of the brain. An optimally-positioned neurostimulator disposes of an optimal connectivity profile, explains Dr. Andreas Horn, a researcher at Charités Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology. High treatment effectivity is associated with strong connections between the DBS electrode and specific frontal areas of the brain, such as the supplementary motor area, says Dr. Horn. This relationship was not previously known.The researchers ...

Clinical studies of hypothermal neural rescue therapy for newborn infants who have suffered hypoxia-ischaemia are currently hindered by the difficulty in measuring deep brain temperature. This paper addresses: the specific requirements for this measurement problem, the design of a proposed radiometer system, a method for retrieving the temperature profile within the cooled head, and an estimation of the precision of the measurement of deep brain temperature using the technique. A five-frequency-band radiometer with a contact-type antenna operating within the range 1-4 GHz is proposed to obtain brightness temperatures corresponding to temperature profiles predicted by a realistic thermal model of the cooled baby head. The problems of retrieving the temperature profile from this set of brightness temperatures, and the estimation of its precision, are solved using a combination of model fitting and Monte Carlo techniques. The results of this paper show that the proposed technique is feasible, that ...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the Brio Neurostimulation System, an implantable deep brain stimulation device to help reduce the symptoms of Parkinsons disease and essential tremor, a movement disorder that is one of the most common causes of tremors. The Brio Neurostimulation System can help some patients when medication alone may not provide adequate relief from symptoms such as walking difficulties, balance problems, and tremors.. An estimated 50,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinsons disease each year, according to the National Institutes of Health, and about one million Americans have the condition. The neurological disorder typically occurs in people over age 60, when cells in the brain that produce a chemical called dopamine become impaired or die. Dopamine helps transmit signals between the areas of the brain that produce smooth, purposeful movement - like eating, writing and shaving.. Essential tremor affects several million people and usually occurs in ...

Improving the Symptoms of Depression and other Neurological and Mental Health Conditions. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of four neurotherapy procedures - including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) - offered at USF Healths Neurotherapies Clinic at Tampa General Hospital. The procedures stimulate brain cells electrically, rather than with medications, to treat depression and other mental health conditions.. TMS - Using pulsed magnetic fields, Neurostar TMS therapy stimulates the part of the brain thought to be involved with mood regulation. The short, non-invasive, non-systemic procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and typically consists of five treatments per week over a four- to six-week period. The treatment is an effective alternative for patients who cannot tolerate the side effect associated with anti-depressant medication. TMS therapy does not have the usual side effects including weight gain, sexual ...

THURSDAY, Sept. 10, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Electrical stimulation of a sound-processing area of the brain can briefly improve reading skills in adults with dyslexia, a new, small study has found.. Researchers say their results suggest that deficits in that brain region are a cause of the reading difficulties seen in dyslexia.. But whether thats the case -- or whether brain stimulation can help treat dyslexia -- remains an open question.. The study, of 30 adults with and without dyslexia, looked at the effects of electrically stimulating a brain area called the left auditory cortex. Altered activity in that brain region has been linked to the difficulty people with dyslexia have in processing the sounds of language.. Whats been unclear is whether that brain difference actually causes problems with processing language sounds, according to lead researcher Silvia Marchesotti, of the University of Geneva in Switzerland.. Her team found evidence that it does. When study participants were given 20 ...

THURSDAY, Sept. 10, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Electrical stimulation of a sound-processing area of the brain can briefly improve reading skills in adults with dyslexia, a new, small study has found.. Researchers say their results suggest that deficits in that brain region are a cause of the reading difficulties seen in dyslexia.. But whether thats the case -- or whether brain stimulation can help treat dyslexia -- remains an open question.. The study, of 30 adults with and without dyslexia, looked at the effects of electrically stimulating a brain area called the left auditory cortex. Altered activity in that brain region has been linked to the difficulty people with dyslexia have in processing the sounds of language.. Whats been unclear is whether that brain difference actually causes problems with processing language sounds, according to lead researcher Silvia Marchesotti, of the University of Geneva in Switzerland.. Her team found evidence that it does. When study participants were given 20 ...

THURSDAY, Sept. 10, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Electrical stimulation of a sound-processing area of the brain can briefly improve reading skills in adults with dyslexia, a new, small study has found.. Researchers say their results suggest that deficits in that brain region are a cause of the reading difficulties seen in dyslexia.. But whether thats the case -- or whether brain stimulation can help treat dyslexia -- remains an open question.. The study, of 30 adults with and without dyslexia, looked at the effects of electrically stimulating a brain area called the left auditory cortex. Altered activity in that brain region has been linked to the difficulty people with dyslexia have in processing the sounds of language.. Whats been unclear is whether that brain difference actually causes problems with processing language sounds, according to lead researcher Silvia Marchesotti, of the University of Geneva in Switzerland.. Her team found evidence that it does. When study participants were given 20 ...

Dear colleagues,. It is our pleasure to invite you to the 6th International Symposium on Navigated Brain Stimulation in Neurosurgery. There is growing acceptance of NBS as the new standard for preoperative cortical mapping for patients with brain tumors or other brain diseases. 2013 saw 18 peer-reviewed clinical papers published in journals and a much greater number of posters and presentations at meetings around the world. Notably, six of the clinical papers published in 2013 concerned language mapping.. The participants in the last Symposium were the first to hear the results of a large, 200 hundred-patient cohort outcome study from Munich (TUM). In the study, just published, it was shown that following the adoption of routine NBS mapping there was a significantly greater extent of resection performed and better motor outcomes in patients undergoing resection of rolandic tumors than the time immediately before NBS was adopted.. We have had proof for a while now that NBS can help the surgical ...

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinsons Disease (PD) predate motor symptoms and substantially decrease quality of life; however, detection, monitoring, and treatments are unavailable for many of these symptoms. Temporal perception abnormalities in PD are generally attributed to altered Basal Ganglia (BG) function. Present studies are confounded by motor control facilitating movements that are integrated into protocols assessing temporal perception. There is uncertainty regarding the BGs influence on timing processes of different time scales and how PD therapies affect this perception. In this study, PD patients using Levodopa (n = 25), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS; n = 6), de novo patients (n = 6), and healthy controls (n = 17) completed a visual temporal perception task in seconds and sub-section timing scales using a computer-generated graphical tool. For all patient groups, there were no impairments seen at the smaller tested magnitudes (using sub-second timing). However, all PD groups displayed

The internal neuromodulation market is estimated to grow the fastest in Saudi Arabia at a CAGR of 17.9%, followed by Turkey, while the largest market is South Africa, which is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.1% for the forecast period. Browse through the TOC of Middle East Internal Neuromodulation Market for an analysis of industry trends, segments & forecasts.. http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/middle-east-africa-internal-neurostimulation-8317790699.html Internal neurostimulation/neuromodulation is a minimally non-invasive technique and effective technique in comparison with other treatment options such as thalamotomy and pallidotomy. Thalamotomy is a surgical procedure that treats tremors primarily associated with Parkinsons; however, Parkinsons can now be effectively treated through deep brain stimulation (DBS). Newer applications/indications, such as Alzheimers, epilepsy, and depression are currently under clinical trials for DBS treatment. Similarly, heart failure, sleep apnea, ...

What makes electrical brain stimulation it so appealing to so many people of so many different backgrounds? How does it work? And does it deliver?

Purchase Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Volume 264 - 1st Edition. Print Book. ISBN 9780128223444

The researchers kept 30 of these military analysts awake, and tested their reaction time every two hours. The test ran for a total of 30 hours.. At 4am, when peoples cognitive performance is usually at its worst, the researchers gave the subjects two things: a gum that contained caffeine, and electrical brain stimulation.. However, these 30 people were divided in 3 groups:. ...

Introduction: Cognitive symptoms from Parkinsons disease cause severe disability and significantly limit quality of life. Little is known about mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD, although aberrant oscillatory activity in basal ganglia-thalamo-prefrontal cortical circuits likely plays an important role. While continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor symptoms, it is generally ineffective for cognitive symptoms. Although we lack robust treatment options for these symptoms, recent studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), applying intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), suggest beneficial effects for certain aspects of cognition, such as memory or inhibitory control. While TMS is non-invasive, its results are transient and require repeated application. Subcortical DBS targets have strong reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex, such that iTBS through the permanently implanted lead might represent a ...

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TY - CHAP. T1 - Gene therapy for Parkinsons disease. AU - Yasuhara, Takao. AU - Date, Isao. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Parkinsons disease is characterized by the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons with the manifestation of tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural reflexes. Medication using L-DOPA and surgeries including deep brain stimulation are the established therapies for Parkinsons disease. Cell therapies are also effective and have rapidly developed with the recent advancement in molecular biological technology including gene transfer. In this review, ex vivo gene therapy using genetically engineered cell transplantation for Parkinsons disease model of animals is described, including catecholamine/neurotrophic factor-secreting cell transplantation with or without encapsulation, as well as in vivo gene therapy using direct injection of viral vector to increase dopamine-production, ...

As essential tremor progressed, Charlene lost the ability to do the things she loved. Then Charlene discovered deep brain stimulation therapy. Learn how it helped.

A method and device for treating epilepsy are disclosed which provide for electrical, chemical or magnetic stimulation of certain areas of the brain to modulate neuronal activity of areas associated with symptoms of epilepsy. Deep brain stimulation is combined with vagus nerve stimulation to enhance symptomatic relief of the disorder. Some embodiments also employ a sensing capability to optimize the therapeutic treatment regimen.