Past and current optical Earth observation systems designed by CNES are using a fixed-rate data compression processing performed at a high-rate in a pushbroom mode (also called scan-based mode). This process generates fixed-length data to the mass memory and data downlink is performed at a fixed rate too. Because of on-board memory limitations and high data rate processing needs, the rate allocation procedure is performed over a small image area called a segment. For both PLEIADES compression algorithm and CCSDS Image Data Compression recommendation, this rate allocation is realised by truncating to the desired rate a hierarchical bitstream of coded and quantized wavelet coefficients for each segment. Because the quantisation induced by truncation of the bit planes description is the same for the whole segment, some parts of the segment have a poor image quality. These artefacts generally occur in low energy areas within a segment of higher level of energy. In order to locally correct these ...

Can anybody give information or link about currently available most efficient grammar based compression algorithm? Thanks Nasif

TY - JOUR. T1 - A Lightweight Contextual Arithmetic Coder for On-Board Remote Sensing Data Compression. AU - Bartrina-Rapesta,Joan. AU - Blanes,Ian. AU - Aulí-Llinàs,Francesc. AU - Serra-Sagristà,Joan. AU - Sanchez,Victor. AU - Marcellin,Michael W.. PY - 2017/8/1. Y1 - 2017/8/1. N2 - The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has issued several data compression standards devised to reduce the amount of data transmitted from satellites to ground stations. This paper introduces a contextual arithmetic encoder for on-board data compression. The proposed arithmetic encoder checks the causal adjacent neighbors, at most, to form the context and uses only bitwise operations to estimate the related probabilities. As a result, the encoder consumes few computational resources, making it suitable for on-board operation. Our coding approach is based on the prediction and mapping stages of CCSDS-123 lossless compression standard, an optional quantizer stage to yield lossless or ...

Due to the rapid advancement of automation level for Navys vessels and the staggering data volume generated by advanced sensors/instrumentations, the U.S. Navy is seeking advanced data compression algorithm and bandwidth utilization mechanism that will enable very large amounts of data to be transmitted in bandwidth-limited scenarios from ship to shore. In order to meet the Navys design requirements, Broadata Communications, Inc. (BCI) proposes an Advanced Lossless Inter-channel Data Compression with Enhanced TCP/IP (ADET) capability, based on our extensive experience in data processing, compression, and bandwidth efficient transmissions. The proposed ADET efficiently integrates our two novel innovations-highly efficient lossless inter-channel compression and bandwidth efficient TCP/IP-into an offload engine. This engine not only achieves superior compression performance but also provides robust and bandwidth-efficient data delivery over dynamic and bandwidth-limited tactical networks. Based ...

Confused whether you should save your file in JPEG or PNG, and whats the difference between a lossy and lossless compression? Here we discuss these.

Universal and Accessible Entropy Estimation Using a Compression Algorithm Entropy and free-energy estimation are key in thermodynamic characterization of...

This article provides an implementation of the LZW compression algorithm in Java; Author: fahadkhowaja; Updated: 13 Aug 2006; Section: Java; Chapter: Languages; Updated: 13 Aug 2006

This article provides an implementation of the LZW compression algorithm in Java; Author: fahadkhowaja; Updated: 13 Aug 2006; Section: Java; Chapter: Languages; Updated: 13 Aug 2006

Uber Engineerings comprehensive encoding protocol and compression algorithm test, and how this discipline saved space in our Schemaless datastores.

0003] Perceptually Lossless Color Compression is desirable in the field of digital imaging, in particular, with application to improved performance of network and mobile imaging devices. Conventional systems provide either lossy or lossless compression, neither of these modes being adequate for most digital imaging or remote capture applications. Lossless compression in colorspace generates very large file sizes, unsuitable for distributed databases and other applications where transmission or hosting size is a factor. Lossy compression assumes an implicit tradeoff between bitrate and distortion so that the higher the compression, the greater the level of distortion. One example conventional compression method is MRC compression. (See Mixed Raster Content (MRC) Model for Compound Image Compression, Ricardo de Queiroz et al., Corporate Research & Technology, Xerox Corp., available at http://image.unb.br/queiroz/papers/ei99mrc.pdf, and see U.S. Pat. No. 7,110,137, the entire disclosures of which ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regression Wavelet Analysis for Near-Lossless Remote Sensing Data Compression. AU - Alvarez-Cortes, Sara. AU - Serra-Sagrista, Joan. AU - Bartrina-Rapesta, Joan. AU - Marcellin, Michael W.. PY - 2020/2. Y1 - 2020/2. N2 - Regression wavelet analysis (RWA) is one of the current state-of-the-art lossless compression techniques for remote sensing data. This article presents the first regression-based near-lossless compression method. It is built upon RWA, a quantizer, and a feedback loop to compensate the quantization error. Our near-lossless RWA (NLRWA) proposal can be followed by any entropy coding technique. Here, the NLRWA is coupled with a bitplane-based coder that supports progressive decoding. This successfully enables gradual quality refinement and lossless and near-lossless recovery. A smart strategy for selecting the NLRWA quantization steps is also included. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art lossless and the near-lossless ...

TY - GEN. T1 - Transform coding algorithms for seismic data compression. AU - Spanias, Andreas. AU - Jonsson, Stefan B.. AU - Stearns, Samuel D.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - An investigation is presented of transform-based seismic data compression. The study concentrates on discrete orthogonal transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT), and the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT). Uniform and subband transform coding schemes were implemented, and comparative results are given for data rates ranging from 150 to 550 b/s. These results are also compared to existing linear prediction techniques.. AB - An investigation is presented of transform-based seismic data compression. The study concentrates on discrete orthogonal transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT), and the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT). Uniform and subband transform ...

Satellite data compression has been an important subject since the beginning of satellites in orbit, and it has become an even more active research topic. Following technological advancements, the trend of new satellites has led to an increase in spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution, an extension in wavelength range, and a widening of ground swath to better serve the needs of the user community and decision makers. Data compression is often used as a sound solution to overcome the challenges of handling a tremendous amount of data. I have been working in this area since I was pursing my Ph. D. thesis almost 30 years ago.. Over the last two decades, I - as a senior research scientist and technical authority with the Canadian Space Agency - have led and carried out research and development of innovative data compression technology for optical satellites in collaboration with my colleagues at the agency, other government departments, my postdoctoral visiting fellows, internship students, ...

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Video compression has one chief goal in mind - to reduce the file size of uncompressed video without affecting the quality of the video itself. Video compression was important in the days when the chief delivery medium was CD or DVD. Nowadays as the Internet becomes the preferred medium for video sharing, its important that video needs to be compressed in such a manner so that uploading and downloading time is greatly reduced. Heres an overview of what video compression is all about.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Compressed-sensing magnetic resonance image reconstruction using an iterative convolutional neural network approach. AU - Hashimoto, Fumio. AU - Ote, Kibo. AU - Oida, Takenori. AU - Teramoto, Atsushi. AU - Ouchi, Yasuomi. PY - 2020/3/1. Y1 - 2020/3/1. N2 - Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate excellent performance when employed to reconstruct the images obtained by compressed-sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI). Our study aimed to enhance image quality by developing a novel iterative reconstruction approach that utilizes image-based CNNs and k-space correction to preserve original k-space data. In the proposed method, CNNs represent a priori information concerning image spaces. First, the CNNs are trained to map zero-filling images onto corresponding full-sampled images. Then, they recover the zero-filled part of the k-space data. Subsequently, k-space corrections, which involve the replacement of unfilled regions by original k-space data, are implemented to ...

Data compression in GIS refers to the compression of geospatial data so that the volume of data transmitted across networks can be reduced. A properly choosen compression algorithm can reduce data size upto 5 - 10% of the original image and 10 - 20% for vector and text data. Such compression ratios could result in significant performance improvement ...

to be used as a tar compressor. pxz is the best option if decompression speeds are a concern (see below). plzip is the only pxz challenger with comparable speed and compression. Both xz and lzip use different Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain algorithm implementations which is why they perform somewhat similar. lzip requires more RAM so it may not be an option if RAM constraints are a concern. pbzip2 wins hands-down when compression speed is a more important consideration than compression. Parallel gzip (pigz) is even faster than pbzip2 but the compression ratio is much worse. Do be aware that the bzip2 decompression speed is the worst, it is slower than xz, lzip and gzip. zstd, the new and trendy kid in town, can easily replace gzip since it offers slightly better compression at speeds that are marginally faster than gzip with the default options. Compression is not at all great when the defaults are used but it does shine when ...

An image information compressing method for densely compressing image information, in particular, dynamic image information, a compressed image information recording medium for recording compressed image information, and a compressed image information reproducing apparatus capable of reproducing compressed image information at high speed in a short time are provided. Each image frame constituting a dynamic image information is divided into key frames and movement compensation frames. The key frame is divided into blocks so that an image pattern of each block is vector-quantized by using a algorithm of the Kohonens self-organizing featured mapping. The movement compensation frame is processed such that a movement vector for each block is determined and a movement vector pattern constituting a large block is vector-quantized by using the algorithm of the Kohonens self-organizing featured mapping. The compressed image information recording medium includes an index recording region for recording the

The preferred embodiment includes a method and system for processing ultrasound data during or after compression. Various compression algorithms, such as JPEG compression, are used to transfer ultrasound data. The ultrasound data may include image (i.e. video data) or data obtained prior to scan conversion, such as detected acoustic line data or data complex in form. Compression algorithms typically include a plurality of steps to transform and quantize the ultrasound data. Various processes in addition to compression may be performed as part of one or more of the compression steps. Furthermore, various ultrasound system processes typically performed on uncompressed ultrasound data may be performed using compressed or partially compressed ultrasound data. Operation on compressed or partially compressed data may more efficiently provide processed data for generation of an image. Fewer operations are required by one or more processors when operating on compressed or partially compressed data than for

A universal data compression algorithm is described which is capable of compressing long strings generated by a finitely generated source, with a near op

This paper presents a technical review for enhancing security and reliability in the transmission of information. In this paper Watermarking technique along with Data Compression is being described to improve the quality, security and efficiency in the transmission of information. In this paper we provide a measure to remove the problem of data redundancy and security by combining the two techniques. Watermarking is an valuable technique being invented to prevent any malicious use of our data. Using Haar Transform and Wavelet Concept we implement watermarking code and watermark all the images of our concern. Then by applying the data compression technique we transmit our information which is more secure then in raw form. So in this way we are enhancing the data security in Multimedia Transmission.

A method for encoding compressed graphics video information and decoding such information. The method consists of enriching the video information in zeros through shifting and Exclusive ORing video with itself. A number of methods are attempted in the shifting and Exclusive ORing process in order to determine the method which yields the optimum zero enriched image. The zero enriched image is then encoded and the encoded information stored. Upon retrieval, the information is decoded and an Exclusive OR and shifting process is done to obtain the original video information.

The |i|Journal of Electronic Imaging|/i| (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.

TY - GEN. T1 - Scalable Learned Image Compression with A Recurrent Neural Networks-Based Hyperprior. AU - Su, Rige. AU - Cheng, Zhengxue. AU - Sun, Heming. AU - Katto, Jiro. N1 - Funding Information: This work is supported by JST, PRESTO Grant Number JP-MJPR19M5, Japan. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 IEEE.. PY - 2020/10. Y1 - 2020/10. N2 - Recently learned image compression has achieved many great progresses, such as representative hyperprior and its variants based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, CNNs are not fit for scalable coding and multiple models need to be trained separately to achieve variable rates. In this paper, we incorporate differentiable quantization and accurate entropy models into recurrent neural networks (RNNs) architectures to achieve a scalable learned image compression. First, we present an RNN architecture with quantization and entropy coding. To realize the scalable coding, we allocate the bits to multiple layers, by adjusting the layer-wise lambda values ...

Chapter 14. Data Compression Data compression is the process of reducing the number of bits used to represent data. It is one of the most significant results of information theory … - Selection from Mastering Algorithms with C [Book]

Data Compression Definition - Data compression is the process of modifying, encoding or converting the bits structure of data in such a way that it...

The relationship between prediction and data compression can be extended to universal prediction schemes and universal data compression. Previous work show

alphadogg writes Google is open-sourcing a new general purpose data compression library called Zopfli that can be used to speed up Web downloads. The Zopfli Compression Algorithm, which got its name from a Swiss bread recipe, is an implementation of the Deflate compression algorithm that creates a ...

Message Passing Interface (MPI) is the message-passing library most widely used to provide communications in clusters. There are several MPI implementations like MPICH, CHIMP, LAM, OPEN MPI, etc. We have developed a library called PRAcTICaL-MPI (PoRtable AdpaTIve Compression Library) that reduces the data volume by using loss-less compression among processes. Furthermore, PRAcTICaL-MPI allows turn compression on and off and select at run-time the most appropriate compression algorithm depending on the characteristics of each message, network performance, and compression algorithms behavior. PRAcTICaL-MPI is developed over PMPI, that it is the MPI standard profiling interface. This interface captures the MPI calls made by each program. We have used PMPI to customize MPI behavior, and include all our adaptive compression techniques. One of the advantages of implementing our compression techniques over PMPI is that is not need to modify the source code of the MPI implementations and the ...

By comparison, DEFLATE gets better compression but compresses and decompresses slower, and high-compression algorithms like LZMA, bzip2, LZHAM, or brotli tend to take even more time (though Brotli at its faster settings can compete with zlib). Theres a lot of variation among the high-compression algorithms, but broadly, they tend to capture redundancies over longer distances, take more advantage of context to determine what bytes are likely, and use more compact but slower ways to express their results in bits.. LZ4HC is a high-compression variant of LZ4 that, I believe, changes point 1 above--the compressor finds more than one match between current and past data and looks for the best match to ensure the output is small. This improves compression ratio but lowers compression speed compared to LZ4. Decompression speed isnt hurt, though, so if you compress once and decompress many times and mostly want extremely cheap decompression, LZ4HC would make sense.. Note that even a fast compressor ...

The databases of genomic sequences are growing at an explicative rate because of the increasing growth of living organisms. Compressing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences is a momentous task as the databases are getting closest to its threshold. Various compression algorithms are developed for DNA sequence compression. An efficient DNA compression algorithm that works on both repetitive and non-repetitive sequences known as HuffBit Compress is based on the concept of Extended Binary Tree. In this paper, here is proposed and developed a modified version of HuffBit Compress algorithm to compress and decompress DNA sequences using the R language which will always give the Best Case of the compression ratio but it uses extra 6 bits to compress than best case of HuffBit Compress algorithm and can be named as the Modified HuffBit Compress Algorithm ...

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): A universal algorithm for sequential data compression is presented. Its performance is investigated with respect to a nonprobabilistic model of constrained sources. The compression ratio achieved by the proposed universal code uniformly approaches the lower bounds on the compression ratios attainable by block-to-variable codes and variable-to-block codes designed to match a completely specified source.

So, when I try to compress the compressed version of War and Peace, I get a result thats 0.3% larger. In other words, the compressed version of War and Peace fails the Dembski criterion. Obviously, compression cannot always be iterated successfully, or wed compress every finite text to nothing. But my WarAndPeace.compressed file is just as much the product of intelligent design as WarAndPeace.txt. In fact, it is the product of a greater amount of design: there is Tolstoys authorship, and there is the Julian Sewards design of the bzip2 algorithm.. Now, could there be an algorithm that could compress my WarAndPeace.compressed file? No doubt. For instance, I could decompress it with bunzip and then apply a more efficient compression algorithm, like LZMA. However, there is a limit to this approach.. ...

Lossless image compression is needed forapplications that cannot tolerate any degradation of original imagery data,e.g., medical applications such as mammography, angiography, and x-rays. It isessential that the decompressed image does not contain any degradation inquality, since it could lead to misdiagnosis and health injury. Satellite orgeographical map images are another case where distortion caused by compressioncannot be tolerated. In this paper we focused about Lossless Image Compressionvia Bit-Plane Separation and Multilayer Context.. ...

Colombo JN, Seckeler MD, Barber BJ, Krupinski EA, Weinstein RS, Sisk D, and Lax D. Application and Utility of iPads in Pediatric Tele-echocardiography. (2016). Telemedicine and e-Health, May 2016, 22(5): 1-5. doi: 10.1089/tmj 2015.0114. ...

To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) to convert time domain sampled waveforms into a transform domain. Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components calculated using the absolute threshold of hearing and the principles of simultaneous masking-the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency-and, in some cases, temporal masking-where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. Equal-loudness contours may also be used to weight the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called psychoacoustic models.[25] Other types of lossy compressors, such as the linear predictive coding (LPC) used with speech, are source-based ...

To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) to convert time domain sampled waveforms into a transform domain. Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components calculated using the absolute threshold of hearing and the principles of simultaneous masking-the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency-and, in some cases, temporal masking-where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. Equal-loudness contours may also be used to weight the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called psychoacoustic models.[23] Other types of lossy compressors, such as the linear predictive coding (LPC) used with speech, are source-based ...

TY - GEN. T1 - A compression framework for multidimensional scientific datasets. AU - Bicer, Tekin. AU - Agrawal, Gagan. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Scientific simulations and instruments can generate tremendous amount of data in short time periods. Since the generated data is used for inferring new knowledge, it is important to efficiently store and provide it to the scientific endeavors. Although parallel and distributed systems can help to ease the management of such data, the transmission and storage are still challenging problems. Compression is a popular approach for reducing data transfer overheads and storage requirements. However, effectively supporting compression for scientific simulation data and integrating compression algorithms with simulation applications remain a challenge. In this work, we focus on management of multidimensional scientific datasets using domain specific compression algorithms. We propose a compression framework and methodology in order to maximize the bandwidth ...

MPEG-4, introduced in late 1998, is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The primary uses for the MPEG-4 standard are web (streaming media) and CD distribution, conversational (videophone), and broadcast television. MPEG-4 absorbs many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, adding new features such as (extended) VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files (including audio, video and VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) objects), support for externally-specified Digital Rights Management and various types of interactivity. Most of the features included in MPEG-4 are left to individual developers to decide whether to implement them. This means that there are probably no complete implementations of the entire MPEG-4 set of standards. To deal with this, the standard includes the concept of profiles and levels, allowing a specific set ...

Lossless audio coding enables the compression of digital audio data without any loss in quality due to a perfect reconstruction of the original signal. It is a topic of high interest for both professional and customer applications. While modern lossy coding standards such as MP3 or AAC can achieve high compression ratios with transparent subjective quality, they do not preserve every single bit of the original audio data. Thus, lossy coding methods are not suited for editing or archiving applications, since multiple coding or post-processing can reveal originally masked distortions. Applying lossless entropy coding methods such as Lempel-Ziv, Huffman or arithmetic coding directly to the audio signal is not very efficient due to the long-time correlations and the high range of values. Therefore, conventional data compression tools such as Winzip or gzip fail in the case of digital audio data ...

A three-dimensional (3-D) image-compression algorithm based on integer wavelet transforms and zerotree coding is presented. The embedded coding of zerotrees of wavelet coefficients (EZW) algorithm is extended to three dimensions, and context-based adaptive arithmetic coding is used to improve its performance. The resultant algorithm, 3-D CB-EZW, efficiently encodes 3-D image data by the exploitation of the dependencies in all dimensions, while enabling lossy and lossless decompression from the same bit stream. Compared with the best available two-dimensional lossless compression techniques, the 3-D CB-EZW algorithm produced averages of 22%, 25%, and 20% decreases in compressed file sizes for computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer images, respectively. The progressive performance of the algorithm is also compared with other lossy progressive-coding algorithms.. © 2000 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

1. A data compression method comprising: a first step of extracting a repeated character string appearing more than twice among character strings included in original data; a second step of calculating a Hash value of the extracted repeated character string, storing the Hash value in a dictionary table, encoding the repeated character string and storing the encoded character string in compressed data; a third step of encoding character strings other than the repeated character string included in the original data according to LZ77 (Lempel-Ziv 77) algorithm and storing the encoded character strings in the compressed data; and a fourth step of calculating the probability of appearance of a specific character after a previous character in the encoding operation of the third step and storing the probability in the compressed data, wherein the fourth step comprises the steps of: calculating the probability of appearance of a specific character after a single specific character and storing the ...

Anyone whos used a mobile for voice calls may have noticed that the background noise often sounds like speech or chirps. The characteristics of speech presumably have some features in common with birdsong and others not, and speech compression is presumably optimised for speech. However, there are other species which produce sounds somewhat speech-like but not identical, for instance birdsong, whale song and sounds made by other primates. Other species make more regular sounds, for instance cicadas and crickets.. So, my idea is this: find a method of sound compression which is lossy but optimised for species. It falls into two parts. One exploits characteristics common to all sound produced by animals, from cicadas to cockerels. The other is tweaked according to the species, the aim being to produce an output which the species concerned cant distinguish from the real thing, with the option of choosing compression optimised just for that species or for two different species. This would be ...

main class. main.php This class can compress and decompress data using RLE in pure PHP. It can take a string of data and compress it with the Run Length Encoding algorithm. The class can also do the opposite, i.e. decode previously compressed data with the same algorithm.

TY - GEN. T1 - Investigating the possibility of applying EEG lossy compression to EEG-based user authentication. AU - NGUYEN, The Binh. AU - Nguyen, Dang. AU - Ma, Wanli. AU - Tran, Dat. PY - 2017/5/14. Y1 - 2017/5/14. N2 - Using EEG signal as a new type of biometric in user authentication systems has been emerging as an interesting research topic. However, one of the major challenges is that a huge amount of EEG data that needs to be processed, transmitted and stored. The use of EEG compression is therefore becoming necessary. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using lossy compression to EEG data in EEG-based user authentication systems. Our experiments performed on a large scale of three EEG datasets indicate that using EEG lossy compression is feasible compared to using lossless one. Moreover, a threshold for information lost has been discovered and the system accuracy is unchanged if the threshold is lower than or equal 11%.. AB - Using EEG signal as a new type of biometric in ...

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The purpose of this project is to compare the complexities of different species mitochondrial genome sequences. Using an implementation of Deflate compression algorithm from Java standard library, we were able to compress mitochondrial genomes of nine different species. The complexity of each sequence is estimated as a ratio of the original sequence length to the length of the compressed sequence. In addition, we show how a notion of topological entropy from symbolic dynamics can be used as another complexity measure of nucleotide sequences.

Software defined radios ( S D R ) are highly configurable hardware platforms that provide the technology for realizing the rapidly expanding third (and future) generation digital wireless communication infrastructure. Many sophisticated signal processing tasks are performed in a SDR, including advanced compression algorithms, power control, channel estimation, equalization, forward error control and protocol management. While there i s a plethora of silicon alternatives available for implementing the various functions in a S D R , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a n attractive option for m a n y of these tasks for reasons of performance, power consumption and configurability. Amongst the more complex tasks performed in a high data rate wireless system i s synchronization. This paper i s about carrier and timing synchronization in SDRs using FPGA based signal processors. W e describe and examine a QPSK Costas loop for performing coherent demodulation, and report o n the implications of a n

TY - GEN. T1 - Multiscale electrophysiology format. T2 - 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine, EMBC 2009. AU - Brinkmann, Benjamin H.. AU - Bower, Mark R.. AU - Stengel, Keith A.. AU - Worrell, Gregory A.. AU - Stead, Matt. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Continuous, long-term (up to 10 days) electrophysiological monitoring using hybrid intracranial electrodes is an emerging tool for presurgical epilepsy evaluation and fundamental investigations of seizure generation. Detection of high-frequency oscillations and microseizures could provide valuable insights into causes and therapies for the treatment of epilepsy, but requires high spatial and temporal resolution. Our group is currently using hybrid arrays composed of up to 320 micro- and clinical macroelectrode arrays sampled at 32 kHz per channel with 18-bits of A/D resolution. Such ...

The mocap data has been widely used in many motion synthesis applications for education, medical diagnosis, entertainment, etc. In the entertainment business, the synthesized motion can be easily ported to different models to animate virtual creatures. The richness of a mocap database is essential to motion synthesis applications. In general, the richer the collection, the higher quality the synthesized motion. Since there exists limitation on network bandwidth or storage capacity, there are constraints on the size of the mocap collection to be used. It is desirable to develop an effective compression scheme to accommodate a larger mocap data collection for higher quality motion synthesis. In order to synthesize natural and realistic motion from existing motion capture database particularly in the context of video game applications, the compression procedure enables efficient management.; In this research, we explore the characteristics of the mocap data and propose two real-time compression ...

ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI): An ISDN interface standard which operates using one 64K data channel and 23, 64K channels. When the right multiplexing equipment is used, the user can selected the IDN PRI channels for a video call. As an example, if a user would like to have his videoconference at 384K bandwidth, the multiplexer can be instructed to utilize channels 1-6 (6 x 64k= 384k). It is actually quite importance since usually the user pays charges that are based on how many 64k channels get used on a videoconference. So the fewer channels that have to be used to get a quality video signal, the lower the cost of the call will be.. JCAHO - This is an acronym for Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.. Lossless - This is a kind of data compression which allows users to reconstruct images without losing the information from the original copies. It can achieve a compression ratio 2:1 for images with color.. Lossy - This is a process of compressing data with high ratio. ...

A method and an apparatus for compressing or decompressing two-dimensional electronic data are provided. The method for compressing the two-dimensional electronic data set includes dividing the data set into data arrays, performing a wavelet transformation on each array to provide a plurality of wavelet coefficients, and encoding at least some of the wavelet coefficients using an entropy encoding scheme. Each data array preferably relates to a separate and continuous area of an image.

may refer to: Gas compressor, a mechanical device that compresses a gas (e.g., air or natural gas) A device used to apply video compression to a video signal A device used to apply audio data compression to an audio signal A device used to apply…

Some more details, history and examples about joint stereo & mid/side coding: mid/side can be lossless like obviously in Lossless formats Flac, Wavpack, Monkeys Audio (ape) etc., but in lossy encoders the encoder tries to do the best to minimize all losses in perception. And here the encoder has not only to deal with stereo modes, but also with mids, highs etc. etc. So, regarding lossy formats like MP3 (Lame, Fraunhofer, Xing), Musepack (MPC), Vorbis etc., the mid/side coding might be even mathematical lossless, might be perceptual lossless (=transparent), or not so lossless at all at low bitrates. So, it depends in the lossy formats about the quality of mid/side (js) coding. From obvious bad sounding bugs like in some old Fraunhofer mp3 (Radium hack), not so optimized perfomance like in mp3-Xing, up to the optimized js-modes in mp3-Lame, which offer frame-dependent stereo or mid/side coding to achieve maximum qualities. And advanced formats like mp3-lame, Musepack-MPC or Vorbis-ogg offer ...

TY - GEN. T1 - VECTOR QUANTIZATION OF OPTIMALLY GROUPED SETS AND IMAGE/SPEECH COMPRESSION.. AU - Matsuyama, Yasuo. PY - 1987. Y1 - 1987. N2 - Vector quantization (VQ) of topological sets whose elements are optimally selected is presented. The method includes conventional VQ as a special case. First, this algorithm is explained without introducing any physical entity to the data to be processed. Therefore, the method is applicable to a wide class of data such as image and speech. Then, the given algorithm is interpreted by using the image-coding concept and terminologies. In this case, the whole image is subdivided into convex polygons, e. g. , convex quadrilaterals. The shape of this region is decided by the optimization to a given set of regular polygons. Various problems peculiar to image data are pointed out and discussed. Encoding (image compression) and decoding (image reconstruction) also include the region optimization. This means that the presented method generates side information of ...

Please note that Wikipedia references the following statement with regard to the description of the MP3 File Format:. MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.. Please click on the link below to download the file.. The files are fairly large so please be patient.. If you experience any problems downloading please contact us at [email protected] If you have any questions about the book please contact us.. ...

Comp Cams Roller Camshaft Duration custom ground. This is why Powermaster, MSD, and Proform all offer starters with extremely high torque ratings, ranging anywhere from 160 ft-lbs for an engine with around 10:1 compression ratio, and up to 250 ft-lbs for engines with over 18:1 compression ratio. Edelbrock is the most respected name in performance. ATK HP94 Chevy 383 Stroker Base Engine, or Stage 1 Engine, is designed for those that may have their own component parts already and who also are interested in completing out the build themselves. This engine was built for a customer and makes 582HP 534 ft/lbs on 87 Pump Gas! To this package they added a hydraulic camshaft from Competition Cams High Energy Magnum series and the attending valve springs and retainers. 06 Chevy Sbc 350 Aluminum Serpentine Complete Engine Pulley And Components Kit Re: 383 piston cc and compression Just to throw it out there - As you have probably seen in my thread, I bought a set of vortec cores ($300). this sale is for a ...

Whether youre racing or looking for increased performance out on the trail, there are a plethora of performance upgrades to consider to increase the power of your machine. Piston manufacturers like JE Pistons offer high compression piston options for many applications, but there are important merits and drawbacks you should consider when deciding if a high compression piston is right for your application. To better understand, well take a look at what increasing compression ratio does, what effects this has on the engine, detail how high compression pistons are made, and provide a high-level overview of which applications may benefit from utilizing a high compression piston. Bumping up the compression in your motor should be an informed decision. Its important to first understand what effects high-compression has, the anatomy of a high-comp piston, and what applications typically benefit most. Lets start with a quick review of what the compression ratio is, then well get into how it affects ...

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In Frensh ------------- Programmer 2 méthodes de compression de fichiers, ainsi que les méthodes de décompression correspondantes, par exemple la compression de Huffman, ainsi quun codage arithmétique. Voir [url removed, login to view] Les méthodes devront être programmer en OCaml . In English -------------- Schedule 2 methods of file compression and decompression methods corresponding, eg Huffman compression, as well as arithmetic coding. See [url removed, login to view] The methods should be programmed in OCaml.. Skills: Algorithm, Data Processing, French, Personal Development See more: arithmetic coding ocaml, programmer in english, algorithm programmer, algorithm coding, programmer en c, codage, ocaml, data en, data compression, compression, algorithm and data, Compressing, decompression, compression decompression, file compression decompression, huffman algorithm coding, huffman coding, compression programmer, fichiers, frensh, english frensh, convertir fichiers ptf maxsea en ...

Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for FiiO M6 High Resolution Lossless MP3 Music Player with HiFi Bluetooth aptX HD/LDAC, USB Audio/DAC,DSD/Tidal/Spotify Support and WiFi/Air Play Full Touch Screen at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.

Tweet Compression garments are the most important tool to ensure preservation and improvement of the therapeutic success achieved during treatment with Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT). To select the correct garment (ready-made or custom made), compression level and, if necessary, fastening systems, the patients age, physical abilities (and limitations), lifestyle, type of lymphedema and any . . . → Read More: Measuring for Compression Stockings. ...

Tweet Compression sleeves are the most important tool to ensure preservation and improvement of the therapeutic success achieved during treatment with Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT). To select the correct garment (ready-made or custom made), compression level, and, if necessary, fastening systems, the patients age, physical abilities (and limitations), lifestyle, type of lymphedema and any . . . → Read More: Measuring for Compression Arm Sleeves. ...

Therafirm Ease Opaque Trouser socks are accented by a Chevron knit pattern. The 20-30 mmHg compression level deters moderate swelling while alleviating fatigued sore legs and feet. The graduated compression provides the greatest level of pressure at the ankle while steadily decreasing towards the top of the sock. This results in increased flow of blood ...

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The K75S has an 11.0 : 1 compression ratio, which is probably the reason why BMW indicated an unleaded fuel with a premium RON was required. I am just wondering if the initial premise is still valid considering the quality of fuel nowadays produced and considering the fact that many modern day engines have much higher compression ratios and operate knock-free without the pre-ignition problems BMW wanted to avoid in circa 1993. I am wondering if anyone out there has been refuelling and riding

In a DI diesel engine, THC emissions increase significantly with lower compression ratios, a low coolant temperature, or during the transient state. During the transient after a load increase, THC emissions are increased significantly to very high concentrations from just after the start of the load increase until around the 10th cycle, then rapidly decreased until the 20th cycle, before gradually decreasing to a steady state value after 1000 cycles. In the fully-warmed steady state operation with a compression ratio of 16 and diesel fuel, THC is reasonably low, but THC increases with lower coolant temperatures or during the transient period just after increasing the load. This THC increase is due to the formation of over-lean mixture with the longer ignition delay and also due to the fuel adhering to the combustion chamber walls. A low distillation temperature fuel such as normal heptane can eliminate the THC increase ...

It comes in white color with either thigh or knee length,. ​. Q: What is the intended use for Anti-Embolism Stocking?. ​. A: To prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) /blood clot developing in calf.. ​. Q: Who uses them?. ​. A: Non-ambulatory patients or those that are lying 95% of the time. ​. Q: Why is the compression level of Anti-Embolism Stocking?. A: Usually below 20mmHg. Most commonly 8-18mmHg according to NICE Guidelines/Sigel Profile ​. ​. Q: Should Anti-Embolism Stocking be worn at night?. A: The stockings should be worn day and night during your stay in hospital. Stockings should be removed for no longer than 30 minutes every day. I​t is recommended to be used all day long until patient full mobilize.. ​. Q: Why choosing the correct size is important? ​. A: Proper measuring is important to insure proper fit, reducing the chance of skin breakdown, ease of application, comfort, patient compliance and performance.. ​ ...

A method and apparatus are disclosed for simultaneously outputting digital audio and MIDI synthesized music utilizing a single digital signal processor. The Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) permits music to be recorded and/or synthesized utilizing a data file containing multiple serially listed program status messages and matching note on and note off messages. In contrast, digital audio is generally merely compressed, utilizing a suitable data compression technique, and recorded. The audio content of such a digital recording may then be restored by decompressing the recorded data and converting that data utilizing a digital-to-analog convertor. The method and apparatus of the present invention selectively and alternatively couples portions of a compressed digital audio file and a MIDI file to a single digital signal processor which alternately decompresses the digital audio file and implements a MIDI synthesizer. Decompressed audio and MIDI synthesized music are then alternately coupled to

TY - JOUR. T1 - A Lookahead Read Cache. T2 - Improving Read Performance for Deduplication Backup Storage. AU - Park, Dongchul. AU - Fan, Ziqi. AU - Nam, Young Jin. AU - Du, David H.C.. N1 - Funding Information: This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Awards of USA under Grant Nos. 121756, 1305237, 142191 and 1439622. Publisher Copyright: © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - Data deduplication (dedupe for short) is a special data compression technique. It has been widely adopted to save backup time as well as storage space, particularly in backup storage systems. Therefore, most dedupe research has primarily focused on improving dedupe write performance. However, backup storage dedupe read performance is also a crucial problem for storage recovery. This paper designs a new dedupe storage read cache for backup applications that improves read performance by exploiting a special characteristic: the read sequence is the ...

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In all likelihood, if youre reading this post, you are already familiar with Peters, his website and its sister blog, The Pterosaur Heresies. Even if these names are not familiar however, there is a good chance you have bumped into them when Googling almost any Mesozoic reptile you care to think of. Peters is well-known in palaeontological circles (though perhaps mostly ignored by the professional palaeontological community now) for his unorthodox views on amniote phylogeny and, perhaps more commonly, his sometimes bizarre interpretations of pterosaur anatomy and functional morphology. For years, Peters has been using a technique known as Digital Graphic Segregation, tracing photographs of fossils and interprets actual bone, marks in the surrounding matrix, and probably preparation, printing and jpeg compression artifacts, to reconstruct the anatomy of fossil animals. Observations on actual specimens are very much of secondary concern and do not factor into this technique much, if at all. ...

Ancient and modern models of computation: rulers, compasses, toothpicks, Turing machines and random access machines. Proving the correctness of algorithms: induction proofs, direct proofs and proofs by contradiction. Fibonacci sequences and recursion. Solving recurrence relations. Computational complexity: big O notation, upper bounds, lower bounds, worst-case and expected complexity. Complexity classes. Linear data structures, trees and graphs. Binary search trees, maintaining balanced search trees and (2,4)-trees. Data compression, Huffman coding and Lempel-Ziv compression. Heaps and applications. Algorithms on strings and sequences. Dynamic programming. Linear assignment problems. Breadth-first search and depth-first search. Graph theory: minimum spanning trees, Voronoi diagrams, and other proximity graphs, graph coloring and the four-color theorem, planarity, isomorphism, Eulerian tours and Hamiltonian cycles. Tournaments. Data structures for graphs: adjacency matrices and adjacency lists. ...

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Hello, What should be the desired or appropriate gzip behavior versus archives? I see that the 1.1 defaults indicate not to compress the archive on the fly but rather to use the nightly cron job. It does not appear that the cron job is designed to remove or truncate the source text file, but it does appear that the archive web page display will preferentially list the compressed archive over the plain text one? I am not quite sure what this is designed to accomplish as: 1. Modern web servers tend to decompress on the fly when they serve compressed text files 2. Disk space is not conserved as both files are kept 3. Compressed archives lag real archives What am I missing here? Thanks, igor ...

Founded in February 2004, Inscape Data Corporation is a U.S. based manufacturer of outdoor network appliance products, i.e., Outdoor Gigabit PoE switch, wired/wireless, and IP Video systems. Inscape Data manufactures total turnkey solutions for outdoor PoE, wired/wireless (i.e., long-range 2.4GHz and 5GHz), and IP-based video surveillance applications, including IP67/68 (Ingress Protection)-compliant all-weather IEEE802.11 a/b/g/n MIMO wireless systems, Outdoor PoE Switches, and IP video security products based on H.264 / MPEG-4 / JPEG video compression standards. Inscape Datas patent-protected technology drives our industry-leading outdoor PoE switch, which simplifies outdoor wiring, integration, and remote management of system deployment. Featuring remote reboot and power management functions, our innovative 2-port and 5-port Gigabit PoE switch systems greatly reduce the challenges and overhead involved in the daily management of outdoor wired/wireless and IP video systems ...

This image was uploaded in the PNG or GIF (or other lossless) image format. However, it contains visible lossy compression artifacts. These artifacts may have come from the JPEG format (or from saving a colorful image as GIF instead of PNG). If possible, please upload a PNG or SVG version of this image, derived from a non-lossy source (or with artifacts removed). If applicable, please replace all instances of the artifact version throughout Wikimedia projects, tag the old version with one of these templates, and remove this tag. For more information, see Commons:Preparing images for upload and Commons:Media for cleanup. ...

During each cardiac cycle pulsatile arterial blood inflates the vascular bed of the brain, forcing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and venous blood out of the cranium. Excessive arterial pulsatility may be part of a harmful mechanism causing cognitive decline among elderly. Additionally, restricted venous flow from the brain is suggested as the cause of multiple sclerosis. Addressing hypotheses derived from these observations requires accurate and reliable investigational methods. This work focused on assessing the pulsatile waveform of cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flows. The overall aim of this dissertation was to explore cerebral blood flow and intracranial pulsatility using MRI, with respect to measurement, physiological and pathophysiological aspects.. Two-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2D PCMRI) was used to assess the pulsatile waveforms of cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flow. The repeatability was assessed in healthy young subjects. The 2D PCMRI measurements of ...

Founded in February 2004, Inscape Data Corporation is a U.S. based manufacturer of outdoor network appliance products, i.e., Outdoor Gigabit PoE switch, wired/wireless, and IP Video systems. Inscape Data manufactures total turnkey solutions for outdoor PoE, wired/wireless (i.e., long-range 2.4GHz and 5GHz), and IP-based video surveillance applications, including IP67/68 (Ingress Protection)-compliant all-weather IEEE802.11 a/b/g/n MIMO wireless systems, Outdoor PoE Switches, and IP video security products based on H.264 / MPEG-4 / JPEG video compression standards. Inscape Datas patent-protected technology drives our industry-leading outdoor PoE switch, which simplifies outdoor wiring, integration, and remote management of system deployment. Featuring remote reboot and power management functions, our innovative 2-port and 5-port Gigabit PoE switch systems greatly reduce the challenges and overhead involved in the daily management of outdoor wired/wireless and IP video systems ...

A foveated imaging system, which can be implemented on a general purpose computer and greatly reduces the transmission bandwidth of images has been developed. This system has demonstrated that significant reductions in bandwidth can be achieved while still maintaining access to high detail at any point in an image. The system is implemented with conventional computer, display, and camera hardware. It utilizes novel algorithms for image coding and decoding that are superior both in degree of compression and in perceived image quality and is more flexible and adaptable to different bandwidth requirements and communications applications than previous systems. The system utilizes novel methods of incorporating human perceptual properties into the coding the decoding algorithms providing superior foveation. One version of the system includes a simple, inexpensive, parallel pipeline architecture, which enhances the capability for conventional and foveated data compression. Included are novel applications of

This book will be a new reference text for string data structures and algorithms, and their applications in computational molecular biology and genome analysis. The technically precise style, illustrated with a great collection of well-designed examples and many exercises makes it an ideal resource for researchers, students and teachers. Jens Stoye, Universität Bielefeld. I think the book is really great and could envision using it in courses in bioinformatics and data compression. The books scope, clarity, and mathematically precise, compelling explanations make the advanced topics in genome-wide bioinformatics accessible to [a] wide audience. Christina Boucher, Colorado State University. This book is a timely, rigorous and comprehensive systematization of the concepts and tools at the core of post-genome bioinformatics. By choosing to incorporate the principles of algorithms design most pertinent to the topic, the authors have created a rare, self-contained reference that will smoothly ...

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spec file for package lzo # # Copyright (c) 2019 SUSE LLC # # All modifications and additions to the file contributed by third parties # remain the property of their copyright owners, unless otherwise agreed # upon. The license for this file, and modifications and additions to the # file, is the same license as for the pristine package itself (unless the # license for the pristine package is not an Open Source License, in which # case the license is the MIT License). An Open Source License is a # license that conforms to the Open Source Definition (Version 1.9) # published by the Open Source Initiative. # Please submit bugfixes or comments via https://bugs.opensuse.org/ # %define library_package liblzo2-2 Name: lzo Version: 2.10 Release: 0 Summary: A Real-Time Data Compression Library License: GPL-2.0-or-later Group: Development/Libraries/C and C++ URL: http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/ Source: http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/%{name}/download/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz Source2: ...

PERFECT FOR FIRST-TIMERS WHO DEMAND PROFESSIONAL RESULTSThis easy-to-use guide can help any savvy computer user master DVD creation, from zero to done. Making DVDs covers the process from planning to development to burning a disc. Through real-world case studies from some of the luminaries in the DVD field, this book guides you past the pitfalls and helps you reach an audience with your work. The video segments on disc illustrate high-caliber MPEG-2 material from sources such as DV camcorders, DigiBeta camcorders, and 35mm film. START CREATING DVDs NOW!Making DVDs helps you: * Put your band, independent film, documentary, training program, zine, or any audio/video project on a pro-quality DVD * Develop a working plan for your DVD project * Gain the best results from your digital video equipment * Learn techniques for converting different source materials to DVD formats * Optimize video compression for pro results * Find out how to fund and promote a DVD magazine on disc * Learn how the experts use

Grokking Algorithms is a fully illustrated, friendly guide that teaches you how to apply common algorithms to the practical problems you face every day as a programmer. Youll start with sorting and searching and, as you build up your skills in thinking algorithmically, youll tackle more complex concerns such as data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python.. Learning about algorithms doesnt have to be boring! Get a sneak peek at the fun, illustrated, and friendly examples youll find in Grokking Algorithms on YouTube.. If you want to get more from the classic algorithms inside this book then be sure to check out Algorithms in Motion. Together this book and video course make the perfect duo.. ...

Turning on this setting will disable Zooms aggressive dynamic compression, which eliminates all but the loudest one or two sources in a meeting - useful for discussions, annoying for choral singing. It also allows Zoom to use a higher quality data compression than with the setting off, though this still caps out at a 192kbs for a stereo feed.. In a practical sense, this will mean that if youre discussing a project with collaborators or in a remote recording session, routing audio from your scoring or audio application into Zoom (see our post on how to set this up in Sibelius, Finale, Dorico, or Musescore), listeners on the other end of the conference will hear the difference between softs and louds, and the subtleties of articulation and orchestration will be rendered more faithfully. Teachers will be able to more easily talk alongside playing or audio playback from a student without Zoom squashing either the talking or the music. Even something as simple as playing back recorded music ...