A set of immediate-early genes that are rapidly activated by serum or purified platelet-derived growth factor in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts has been previously identified. Among these genes, several are related to known or putative transcription factors and growth factors, supporting the notion that some of these genes encode regulatory molecules important to cell growth. We show here that a member of this set of genes, cyr61 (originally identified by its cDNA 3CH61), encodes a 379-amino-acid polypeptide rich in cysteine residues. cyr61 can be induced through protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways. Unlike many immediate-early genes that are transiently expressed, the cyr61 mRNA is accumulated from the G0/G1 transition through mid-G1. This expression pattern is due to persistent transcription, while the mRNA is rapidly turned over during the G0/G1 transition and in mid-G1 at the same rate. In logarithmically growing cells, the cyr61 mRNA level is constant throughout the cell cycle.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Matricellular protein CCN3 mitigates abdominal aortic aneurysm. AU - Zhang, Chao. AU - Van Der Voort, Dustin. AU - Shi, Hong. AU - Zhang, Rongli. AU - Qing, Yulan. AU - Hiraoka, Shuichi. AU - Takemoto, Minoru. AU - Yokote, Koutaro. AU - Moxon, Joseph V.. AU - Norman, Paul. AU - Rittié, Laure. AU - Kuivaniemi, Helena. AU - Atkins, G. Brandon. AU - Gerson, Stanton L.. AU - Shi, Guo Ping. AU - Golledge, Jonathan. AU - Dong, Nianguo. AU - Perbal, Bernard. AU - Prosdocimo, Domenick A.. AU - Lin, Zhiyong. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH grants HL117759 and AA021390 (to Z. Lin). This work was also supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant number 31330029).. PY - 2016/4/1. Y1 - 2016/4/1. N2 - Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; however, the mechanisms that are involved in disease initiation and progression are incompletely understood. Extracellular matrix proteins play an integral role in ...

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or CCN family member 1 (CCN1), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene. CYR61 is a secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling protein of the CCN family (CCN intercellular signaling protein). CYR61 is capable of regulating a broad range of cellular activities, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence through interaction with cell surface integrin receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. During embryonic development, CYR61 is critical for cardiac septal morphogenesis, blood vessel formation in placenta, and vascular integrity. In adulthood CYR61 plays important roles in inflammation and tissue repair, and is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy, and many different forms of cancers. CYR61 was first identified as a protein encoded by a ...

Chao Zhang, Dustin van der Voort, Hong Shi, Rongli Zhang, Yulan Qing, Shuichi Hiraoka, Minoru Takemoto, Koutaro Yokote, Joseph V. Moxon, Paul Norman, Laure Rittié, Helena Kuivaniemi, G. Brandon Atkins, Stanton L. Gerson, Guo-Ping Shi, Jonathan Golledge, Nianguo Dong, Bernard Perbal, Domenick A. Prosdocimo, Zhiyong Lin. ...

Detect and quantitate human cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) in serum and cell culture medium using a homogeneous AlphaLISA no-wash assay.

Rabbit polyclonal antibody to CYR61 (cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61)IgGy Antibody Selector - Quickly search hundreds of thousands of antibodies available for purchase from VWR by selecting common antibody features like antigen symbol and name, reactivity, clonality, conjugation, host, and other key factors. Antibodies used to identify and locate intracellular and extracellular proteins in common applications such as Western Blot, ELISA, ImmunoChemistry and Flow Cytometry are all available for your research.

Background Binds to TEK/TIE2, competing for the ANGPT1 binding site, and modulating ANGPT1 signaling. Can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of TEK/TIE2 in the absence of ANGPT1. In the absence of angiogenic inducers, such as...

Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-Cyr61/CCN1 Antibody. Validated: WB, Simple Western, B/N, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: Human, Rabbit. 100% Guaranteed.

CYR61 is a growth factor-inducible, immediate-early gene that has multifaceted activities in various cancers.CYR61 is a secreted, cysteine-rich, heparin-binding protein.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Interleukin-13 modulates collagen homeostasis in human skin and keloid fibroblasts. AU - Oriente, Alfonso. AU - Fedarko, Neal S.. AU - Pacocha, Sarah E.. AU - Huang, Shau Ku. AU - Lichtenstein, Lawrence M.. AU - Essayan, David M.. PY - 2000/3/1. Y1 - 2000/3/1. N2 - Interleukin (IL)-13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases characterized by fibrosis. We describe the effects of IL-13 on collagen homeostasis from normal (NF) and keloid (KF) fibroblasts and compare these effects with those of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Total collagen generation was up-regulated in NF after 48 h of stimulation by IL-13; in KF, IL-13 stimulated a more rapid collagen response. The kinetics and magnitude of collagen generation induced by IL-13 were equivalent to those induced by similar concentrations of IL-4 and TGF-β1. Collagen type I production paralleled total collagen generation from both NF and KF; however, IL-4-induced collagen type I and total collagen ...

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted extracellular matrix-associated protein, which play a role in regulating various cellular functions. Althou

Collagen is the single most abundant protein in the animal kingdom thus collagen homeostasis is tightly regulated in normal physiology. There is a continuous collagen turnover in most tissue thus evolution has developed several systems to maintain this important task. In the Engelholm group we are studying both the extracellular and intracellular collagen degradation pathways and how these individual pathways act together in a complicated interplay where matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, collagen receptors and signaling molecules each have important functions ...

Dive into the research topics of ADAM19 autolysis is activated by LPS and promotes non-classical secretion of cysteine-rich protein 2. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-Cyr61/CCN1 Antibody [Biotin]. Validated: WB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: Human, Rabbit. 100% Guaranteed.

View our 12 Cyr61/CCN1 products for your research including Cyr61/CCN1 Primary Antibodies, ELISAs, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, Proteins and Enzymes, and Simple Plex Assays.

CRIP1 antibody (cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal)) for IP, WB. Anti-CRIP1 pAb (GTX131195) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

Hypoxia has a profound influence on progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. In the present report, we used the oligonucleotide microarray technique to identify new hypoxia-inducible genes in malignant melanoma with a special emphasis on angiogenesis factors. A commercially available Affymetrix gene chip system was used to analyze five melanoma cell lines of different aggressiveness. A total of 160 hypoxia-inducible genes were identified, clustering in four different functional clusters. In search of putative angiogenesis and tumor progression factors within these clusters, Cyr61, a recently discovered angiogenesis factor, was identified. Cyr61 was hypoxia-inducible in low aggressive melanoma cells; however, it showed constitutive high expression in highly aggressive melanoma cells. Further analyses of transcriptional mechanisms underlying Cyr61 gene expression under hypoxia demonstrated that an AP-1 binding motif within the Cyr61 promoter plays a central role in the hypoxic regulation of ...

Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) is a secreted matrix-associated protein that regulates a broad spectrum of biological and cellular activities. This study aimed to investigate the role of Cyr61 in progressive kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery in mice. The expression of Cyr61 transcripts and proteins in the obstructed kidneys were increased from day 1 and remained high until day 10 after surgery. Immunohistochemistry indicated that Cyr61 was expressed mainly in renal tubular epithelial cells. The upregulated Cyr61 in UUO kidneys was reduced in mice treated with pan-transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) antibody. The role of TGF-β in tubular Cyr61 upregulation after obstructive kidney injury was further supported by experiments showing that TGF-β1 stimulated Cyr61 expression in cultured tubular epithelial cells. Notably, the upregulation of Cyr61 in UUO kidneys was followed by a marked increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) ...

LIM domains are present in a number of proteins including transcription factors, a proto-oncogene product, and the adhesion plaque protein zyxin. The LIM domain exhibits a characteristic arrangement of cysteine and histidine residues and represents a novel zinc binding sequence (Michelsen et al., 1993). Previously, we reported the identification of a 23-kD protein that interacts with zyxin in vitro (Sadler et al., 1992). In this report, we describe the purification and characterization of this 23-kD zyxin-binding protein from avian smooth muscle. Isolation of a cDNA encoding the 23-kD protein has revealed that it consists of 192 amino acids and exhibits two copies of the LIM motif. The 23-kD protein is 91% identical to the human cysteine-rich protein (hCRP); therefore we refer to it as the chicken cysteine-rich protein (cCRP). Examination of a number of chick embryonic tissues by Western immunoblot analysis reveals that cCRP exhibits tissue-specific expression. cCRP is most prominent in tissues ...

The CCN proteins are key signalling and regulatory molecules involved in many vital biological functions, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumourigenesis and wound healing. How these proteins influence such a range of functions remains incompletely understood but is probably related to their discrete modular nature and a complex array of intra- and inter-molecular interactions with a variety of regulatory proteins and ligands. Although certain aspects of their biology can be attributed to the four individual modules that constitute the CCN proteins, recent results suggest that some of their biological functions require cooperation between modules. Indeed, the modular structure of CCN proteins provides important insight into their structure-function relationships.

Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61), a member of the CCN protein family, possesses diverse functionality in cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Cyr61 can also function as an oncogene or a tumour suppressor, depending on the origin of the cancer. Only a few studies have reported Cyr61 expression in colorectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the Cyr61 expression in 251 colorectal cancers with clinical follow up. We examined Cyr61 expression in 6 colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, Colo205, Lovo, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and 20 sets of paired normal and colorectal cancer tissues by western blot. To validate the association of Cyr61 expression with clinicopathological parameters, we assessed Cyr61 expression using tissue microarray analysis of primary colorectal cancer by immunohistochemical analysis. We verified that all of the cancer cell lines expressed Cyr61; 2 cell lines (HT29 and Colo205) demonstrated Cyr61 expression to a slight extent, while 4 cell lines (Lovo, HCT116,

Dr. Villa-Diazs research focuses on understanding and elucidating the self-renewal properties of hPSCs, which are influenced by the microenvironment in which they are cultured, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a multifunctional regulator of cellular behavior serving functions beyond those as a scaffold for the organization of cells into tissues. ECM proteins modulate the activity and bioavailability of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines via direct binding and signaling via cell-surface receptors including integrins and matricellular proteins, to regulate cellular functions ...

CYR61/CCN1 Antibody 26689-1-AP has been identified with ELISA, WB, IF. 26689-1-AP detected 42 kDa band in A431 cells with 1:500-1:3000 dilution...

Aged, Aging, Cell, Collagen, Cysteine, Cysteine-rich Protein 61, Extracellular Matrix, Fibroblasts, Homeostasis, Human, Il-1, Interleukin, Interleukin 1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Premature Aging, Production, Report, Skin, Skin Aging, Sun

购买我们的重组人CCN1蛋白。Ab50074为蛋白片段，在大肠杆菌中生产并经过SDS-PAGE, Functional Studies实验验证。Abcam提供免费的实验方案，操作技巧及专业的支持。

Looking for online definition of Nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4 in the Medical Dictionary? Nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4 explanation free. What is Nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4? Meaning of Nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4 medical term. What does Nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4 mean?

Purpose: : Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a well known complication of ocular trauma and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment leading to progressive deterioration of vision and potential blindness. Although several cell types and cytokines have been detected in PVR membranes their definite pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. Members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins are multifunctional growth factors representing a novel class of extracellular matrix-associated signalling molecules. Several studies demonstrated that members of the CCN family are involved in the control of cell adhesion, chemotaxis, cell migration and cell proliferation. In particular, it was demonstrated that CTGF, CYR61 and NOV possess fibrotic and angiogenic activity being involved in wound healing and several fibrotic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CCN proteins are expressed and increased in epiretinal membranes to shed more light on the pathogenesis of PVR Methods: : ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Protocols for screening for binding partners of CCN proteins: Yeast two-hybrid system. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Dr. Steven J. Cyr M.D., F.A.A.O.S Owner of The Orthopaedic & Spine Institute One of my God-given strengths is empathy. When I talk to someone who is hurting especially people who have had failed surgery... Read More... ...

Julian Cyr decided to run for Senate because he wanted to improve the lives of those around him on the Cape, and to bring the Cape into a successful future!

TY - JOUR. T1 - Involvement of cysteine-rich protein 61 in the epidermal growth factor-induced migration of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. AU - Chin, Li Han. AU - Hsu, Sung Po. AU - Zhong, Wen-Bin. AU - Liang, Yu Chih. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most aggressive types of malignant cancer. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ATC, and patients with thyroid carcinoma typically exhibit increased cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61). In this study, we found that EGF treatment induced cell migration, stress fiber formation, Cyr61 mRNA and protein expressions, and Cyr61 protein secretion in ATC cells. The recombinant Cyr61 protein significantly induced cell migration; however, inhibition of Cyr61 activity by a Cyr61-specific antibody abrogated EGF-induced cell migration. EGF treatment also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker protein expression, as evidenced by an increase in vimentin and ...

Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) drives fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). in exosomes however not in cell lysates had been decreased by pre-treatment from the ESI-09 cells using the exosome inhibitor GW4869. ESI-09 Co-culture of miR-214-transfected donor HSC with CCN2 3′-UTR luciferase reporter-transfected receiver HSC led to miR-214- and exosome-dependent rules of a crazy type CCN2 3′-UTR reporter however not of the mutant CCN2 3′-UTR reporter missing the miR-214 binding site. Exosomes from HSC had been a conduit for uptake of miR-214 by major mouse hepatocytes. Down-regulation of CCN2 manifestation by miR-214 also happened in human being LX-2 HSC in keeping with a conserved miR-214 binding site within the human being CCN2 3′-UTR. MiR-214 in LX-2 cells was shuttled via exosomes to receiver LX-2 cells or human being HepG2 hepatocytes leading to suppression of CCN2 3′-UTR activity or manifestation of CCN2 downstream focuses on including αSMA or collagen. Experimental ...

Table 1: Topically Applied Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 Improves Diabetic Preclinical Cutaneous Wound Healing: Potential Role for CTGF in Human Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

Table 3: Topically Applied Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 Improves Diabetic Preclinical Cutaneous Wound Healing: Potential Role for CTGF in Human Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) encoded by some plant viruses in diverse genera function as RNA silencing suppressors. Within the N-terminal portion of CRPs encoded by furoviruses, there are six conserved cysteine residues and a Cys-Gly-X-X-His motif (

The proper execution of gastrulation requires that cell signalling, cell adhesion and cell migration are all precisely coordinated and integrated. In their investigations into how this might occur, Latinkic et al. studied Cyr61, a CCN-family, secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)- associated protein. CCN proteins are very versatile - they can mediate cell adhesion and migration, for example, and can induce signalling events - all expected features of candidate gastrulation regulators. The authors now report, on p. 2429, that Cyr61 is an important regulator of gastrulation movements: both its overexpression and inhibition disrupt gastrulation in frog embryos, perhaps because Cyr61 is required for the assembly of a fibronectin-rich ECM and because it regulates cell- cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Intriguingly, Xcyr61 also appears to both stimulate and inhibit Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Future studies into the different domains of Cyr61 should reveal where its many activities ...

The extracellular matrix plays critical roles in regulating diverse biological and pathological processes, including developmental morphogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, inflammation and host defense, and progression of diseases such as cancer. Our laboratory is interested in the biological functions of CCNs, a family of cysteine-rich, dynamically expressed matricellular proteins that regulates a broad range of cellular activities through direct binding to integrin receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Ccn1- and Ccn2-null mice are embryonic and perinatal lethal due to cardiovascular and skeletal defects, respectively, underscoring the importance of these matrix proteins. In addition, aberrant expression of Ccn1 and Ccn2 is associated with pathological conditions including wound healing, atherosclerosis, restenosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.. Our current studies aim to understand how CCN proteins function through integrin-mediated signaling to regulate diverse processes, ...

Different tumor microenvironments (TMEs) induce stromal cell plasticity that affects tumorigenesis. The impact of TME-dependent heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) on tumorigenesis is unclear. Here, we isolated pure TECs from human colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) that exhibited TMEs with either improved (Th1-TME CRCs) or worse clinical prognosis (control-TME CRCs). Transcriptome analyses identified markedly different gene clusters that reflected the tumorigenic and angiogenic activities of the respective TMEs. The gene encoding the matricellular protein SPARCL1 was most strongly upregulated in Th1-TME TECs. It was also highly expressed in ECs in healthy colon tissues and Th1-TME CRCs but low in control-TME CRCs. In vitro, SPARCL1 expression was induced in confluent, quiescent ECs and functionally contributed to EC quiescence by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and sprouting, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown increased sprouting. In human CRC tissues and mouse models, vessels with ...

From NCBI Gene:. This gene encodes a cysteine-rich acidic matrix-associated protein. The encoded protein is required for the collagen in bone to become calcified but is also involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and promotion of changes to cell shape. The gene product has been associated with tumor suppression but has also been correlated with metastasis based on changes to cell shape which can promote tumor cell invasion. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2015]. From UniProt: ...

Affiliation (Current)：金沢大学,附属病院,助教, Research Field：Radiation science,Basic Section 52040:Radiological sciences-related, Keywords：神経芽腫,内照射療法,内用療法,放射線管理,matricellular protein,annexin V,α線,tenascin C,消化器癌,虚血性心疾患, # of Research Projects：7, # of Research Products：41, Ongoing Project：Development of new therapeutoc strategy for high-risk chemotherapy-refractory neuroblastoma

Pseudoaneurysms result from disruption of all three layers of the arterial wall with the formation of a bloodfilled cavity lined by endothelium and supported by granulation, adventitial and periadventitial tissues [15]. True aortic aneurysms are expansions of the entire vessel wall, caused by segmental weakening of the wall due to a primary or secondary defect in the matrix structures. Loss of elastin has long been considered the hallmark of aneurysm formation, but it is now accepted that impaired collagen homeostasis is the main cause [16]. Aortic aneurysms are usually seen abdominally in older people. Hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolemia are predisposing factors [17]. Thoracic aneurysms are mainly found in young people however and generally occur due to an inherited connective tissue disorder [17, 18]. Even apart from genetic disorders of collagen and elastin, a familial predisposition has been shown as well [19]. Rupture of the thoracic aorta in Friesian horses is not associated ...

TY - CHAP. T1 - Promoter analyses of CCN genes. AU - Eguchi, Takanori. AU - Kubota, Satoshi. AU - Takigawa, Masaharu. PY - 2017. Y1 - 2017. N2 - Promoter analysis is the most basics in the analysis of gene regulation. Luciferase gene is the most commonly used reporter gene in promoter analysis. Luciferase is an enzyme that is used when fi refl y and Renilla reniformis (sea pansy) emit light. The fi rst experimental step in this reporter gene assay is to connect a particular DNA segment to a luciferase gene. The second step is to transfect the reporter construct into the cells. Thereafter, stable luciferase will be produced with the help of transcriptional machinery, mRNA transporters, and translational machinery in the cells. Luciferase assay measures the quantity of light that is emitted by luciferin-luciferase reaction. Consistent with the fact that CCN2 expression has been shown to be altered by a variety of stimuli, the CCN2 promoter region also haa been shown to be bound and regulated by ...

Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (By similarity). Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells (By similarity). Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis (By similarity).

My research focuses on elucidating the mechanism(s) of cell death and survival of primary alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts in response to the extracellular matrix associated signaling molecule, CCN1/Cyr61. CCN1/Cyr61 is an extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling molecule that functions to promote cell adhesion, migration, survival and differentiation in the context of vascular development. Most recently we have shown that CCN1/Cyr61 can also modulate cell death in certain cells and can promote cell death in response to TNFa. In the context of the lung, I have found that CCN1/Cyr61 together with TNFa causes apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts. Because CCN1/Cyr61 has been shown to be induced in the lungs of patients with COPD and ARDS, I hypothesize that CCN1/Cyr61, together with inflammatory mediators such as TNFa causes cell death of primary lung cells in vivo, thus contributing to lung injury. I have also found that CCN1/Cyr61 functional knock-out ...

CCN3 antibody (nephroblastoma overexpressed gene) for ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB. Anti-CCN3 pAb (GTX103377) is tested in Human, Mouse samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

Twisted gastrulation (TSG) is a secreted, cysteine-rich protein that plays a role in dorsal/ventral patterning in Drosophila and Xenopus by regulating…

Complete information for CRIPAK gene (Protein Coding), Cysteine Rich PAK1 Inhibitor, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted protein implicated in multiple cellular events including angiogenesis, skeletogenesis and wound healing. It is a member of the CCN family of secreted proteins, named after CTGF, cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61), and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) prot …

Here we describe the isolation and characterization of rCop-1, a novel CCN family protein whose expression was completely lost after cell transformation. Functional studies suggest that rCop-1is a negative regulator for cell transformation based on the following findings. The loss of rCop-1 expression correlates extremely well with cell transformation in culture, since cells transformed by a variety of mechanisms all lost rCop-1 expression. BALB/c A31 and Rat-1 are both immortalized but nontransformed, yet only the former expresses rCop-1. However, both A31 and REFs, the parental cells of Rat-1, lose rCop-1 expression when transformed by a variety of means. This suggests that the loss of rCop-1expression in cultured rodent fibroblasts may not be necessary for cell immortalization but may be so for cell transformation. Efficient retroviral gene transfer of rCop-1 exhibited a dramatic cytotoxic effect on the transformed cells but had little effect on the nontransformed cells.. The first member of ...

During progression of melanoma, malignant melanocytes can be reprogrammed into mesenchymal-like cells through a process similar to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with downregulation of the junctional protein E-cadherin and acquisition of a migratory phenotype. Recent evidence supports a role for SLUG, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, as a melanocyte lineage transcription factor that predisposes to melanoma metastasis. However, the signals responsible for SLUG expression in melanoma are unclear and its role in the invasive phenotype is not fully elucidated. Here, we report that SLUG expression and activation is driven by SPARC (also known as osteonectin), a secreted extracellular matrix-associated factor that promotes EMT-like changes. Ectopic expression or knockdown of SPARC resulted in increased or reduced expression of SLUG, respectively. SLUG increase occurred concomitantly with SPARC-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin and P-cadherin, and induction ...

Fig. 5. Suppression of CCN1 expression inhibits proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. OVCA433 cells were cotransfected with a small interference RNA construct targeting CCN1 along with a vector containing the puromycin resistance gene; the cells were selected with puromycin. A, Western blot. Cells were harvested daily and analyzed for CCN1 expression. GAPDH was used to control for equal loading and siRNA specificity. B, colony formation assay. Transfected cells were grown for 2 weeks in the presence of puromycin. Colonies were fixed, stained, and photographed. Colonies were dissolved and absorbance (OD) was measured at 600 nm. Columns, means of three independent experiments; bars, SD. C, MTT assay. Transfected cells were used to measure growth in liquid culture by MTT. Points, mean of quadruplicate samples; bars, SD. The experiment was repeated thrice. si-con, control siRNA; si-CCN1, CCN1 siRNA. ...

Periostin is a matricellular protein, i.e. an extracellular matrix protein that interacts both with other ECM proteins and with cell-surface receptors. Like many other matricellular proteins, the function of periostin is important both in embryonic development and in the remodeling of adult tissues in response to pathological insults. Periostin was originally isolated as an osteoblast-specific marker that functions as a cell adhesion molecule for preosteoblasts and is thought to be involved in osteoblast recruitment, attachment and spreading. Periostin has since been demonstrated to be important in heart valve development and myocardial infarction because it promotes collagen fibrogenesis, inhibits differentiation of progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes and is essential in maintaining the biomechanical properties of the adult myocardium. This antibody detects a 93-kDa periostin doublet, which corresponds to the two largest forms of the alternatively spliced region of periostin with a distinctive ...

To examine the function of CRP2 in vivo, we generated Csrp2−/− mice by targeted mutation. The LIM domains of CRP2 mediate interactions with its binding partners including zyxin, α-actinin, and CRP2BP.12,19,30 Thus, we targeted the first LIM domain by disrupting exon 3, the largest coding exon. No message was detected in Csrp2−/− mouse RNA when exon 3 was used as a probe, although a smaller transcript was detected by RT-PCR. Nevertheless, no CRP2 was detected in protein isolated from Csrp2−/− mouse aorta by Western blot analysis using CRP2(91-98) antiserum. Furthermore, immunostaining of aortic sections with CRP2(93-108) antiserum did not detect CRP2 expression in Csrp2−/− mice. We cannot exclude the possibility that a truncated protein could be generated because the two antisera used in this study were against epitopes C-terminal to those encoded by exon 2. However, even if the truncated transcript were translated, it would not encode either LIM domain due to a frame shift. ...

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

The organization solemnly intones this laden, perhaps leaden, word as not only of significance but also representative. The word is described as not only heavily in demand, meaning entered by many people in the search portal of the OED, but also important in describing events and attitudes of the current time ...