Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27: A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27: A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.

Uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hall mark of many cancers, and is typically manifested by a deregulation of the cell-division cycle. CDKs play critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apop- tosis and cell differentiation. AG-024322 is a multitargeted CDK inhibitor that has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis and de- monstrate significant antitumor activity in hu-man tumor xenograft models. This compound is under clinical development as an intravenous anticancer agent. AG-024322 exhibited moder-ate to high systemic clearance across preclini-cal species. In vitro metabolism in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes demonstrates that glucuronidation and oxidation represent the major metabolic pathways of AG-024322. The experiments of chemical inhibition and micro-somes containing individual CYP or UGT iso-forms revealed that CYP3A and UGT1A1 appear to predominantly mediate AG-024322 oxidation and glucuronidation, respectively. Formation kinetics of the two pathways in human liver mi-crosomes

Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Set - Calbiochem The Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Set controls the biological activity of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase. This small molecule/inhibitor is primarily used for Phosphorylation & Dephosphorylation applications. - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.

Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , GenWay \ Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 - EC 2.7.11.22; Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; PSK-J3 \ 10-288-22309F for more molecular products just contact us

[65 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (p33 Protein Kinase or cdc2-Related Protein Kinase or EC 2.7.11.22) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 report by Global Markets Direct. Global Markets Directs, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (p33 Protein...

[51 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (p34 Protein Kinase or Cell Division Protein Kinase 1 or CDK1 or EC 2.7.11.22) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 report by Global Markets Direct. Global Markets Directs, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (p34 Protein...

CDKs (Cyclin-dependent kinases) are serine-threonine kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells. CDKs are relatively small proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 40 kDa, and contain little more than the kinase domain. In fact, yeast cells can proliferate normally when their CDK gene has been replaced with the homologous human gene. By definition, a CDK binds a regulatory protein called a cyclin. Without cyclin, CDK has little kinase activity; only the cyclin-CDK complex is an active kinase.. There are around 20 Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1-20) known till date. CDK1, 4 and 5 are involved in cell cycle, and CDK 7, 8, 9 and 11 are associated with transcription.. CDK levels remain relatively constant throughout the cell cycle and most regulation is post-translational. Most knowledge of CDK structure and function is based on CDKs of S. pombe (Cdc2), S. ...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases characterized by needing a separate subunit - a cyclin - that provides domains essential for enzymatic activity. CDKs play important roles in the control of cell division and modulate transcription in response to several extra- and intracellular cues. The evolutionary expansion of the CDK family in mammals led to the division of CDKs into three cell-cycle-related subfamilies (Cdk1, Cdk4 and Cdk5) and five transcriptional subfamilies (Cdk7, Cdk8, Cdk9, Cdk11 and Cdk20). Unlike the prototypical Cdc28 kinase of budding yeast, most of these CDKs bind one or a few cyclins, consistent with functional specialization during evolution. This review summarizes how, although CDKs are traditionally separated into cell-cycle or transcriptional CDKs, these activities are frequently combined in many family members. Not surprisingly, deregulation of this family of proteins is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer, and drug-targeted inhibition of specific

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27Kip1 has been shown to regulate cellular proliferation via inhibition of CDK activities. routine and g27Kip1 (hereafter g27) can regulate CDK actions.1-3 The p27 protein was originally known as an inhibitor of CDK activities for things containing CDK2 and shown to inhibit cyclin E and cyclin A activities which regulate G1 and S phase traverse.4-6 In addition to CDK inhibition, g27 provides other multifarious connections with cyclin N/cdk4 processes putatively.7 Since cellular amounts of g27 are elevated in response to high cell thickness, serum deprival, and TGF, it was hypothesized g27 brought cells into quiescence and held them in G0 through the inhibition of CDK actions.8 Numerous reviews have got characterized the control of p27 including the control of its transcription,9,10 translation,11,12 post-translational adjustments.7,13,14 cellular localization15-19 and balance.20-23 The regulations of its stability has a main role in adjusting mobile ...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D (CDKN2D) is a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. CDK4 is a subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 ph...

Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts play an important role in the pathobiology of vascular occlusive disease (eg, atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, transplant vasculopathy, and vessel bypass graft failure).1,2 Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control hyperplastic growth and the locomotion of vascular cells should aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce neointimal thickening.. Cell cycle progression is controlled by several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that associate with regulatory cyclins.3 Mitogenic stimuli activate CDK/cyclin holoenzymes, thus causing hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and related pocket proteins from mid G1 to mitosis. CDK-dependent pRb hyperphosphorylation releases E2F transcription factors, thus contributing to the expression of several growth and cell cycle-regulatory genes with functional E2F-binding sites in their ...

Recombinant human CDKN1B protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E. coli and purified by using conventional chromatography. MW: 24.2 kDa.

The human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene generates several transcript variants that differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported. One of these, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4) or p16INK4a, interacts with, and sequesters, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. Thus, p16-INK4a functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cells. Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are often found in many tumors. p16INK4a is also suggested to play a role in controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis during mammary gland development. p16-INK4a is also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A, CDK4 inhibitor p16-INK4, cell cycle negative regulator beta, multiple tumor suppressor 1 (MTS-1), ARF, MLM, p14, p16, p19, CMM2, INK4, INK4A, TP16, CDK4I, CDKN2, p14-ARF, p19-ARF, and p16-INK4.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Systematic determination of human cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-9 interactome identifies novel functions in RNA splicing mediated by the DEAD Box (DDX)-5/17 RNA helicases. AU - Yang, Jun. AU - Zhao, Yingxin. AU - Kalita, Mridul. AU - Li, Xueling. AU - Jamaluddin, Mohammad. AU - Tian, Bing. AU - Edeh, Chukwudi B.. AU - Wiktorowicz, John E.. AU - Kudlicki, Andrzej. AU - Brasier, Allan R.. PY - 2015/10/1. Y1 - 2015/10/1. N2 - Inducible transcriptional elongation is a rapid, stereotypic mechanism for activating immediate early immune defense genes by the epithelium in response to viral pathogens. Here, the recruitment of a multifunctional complex containing the cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) triggers the process of transcriptional elongation activating resting RNA polymerase engaged with innate immune response (IIR) genes. To identify additional functional activity of the CDK9 complex, we conducted immunoprecipitation (IP) enrichment-stable isotope labeling LC-MS/MS of the CDK9 ...

p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The p21 protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-CDK2 or -CDK1 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. The expression of this gene is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein me

In this report, we describe PD 0332991 as a potent and highly selective inhibitor of Cdk4 and Cdk6 and show that suppression of these enzymes in human tumor xenografts results in significant antitumor activity. Given that a major obstacle to establishing the usefulness of a Cdk4/6 inhibitor has been the difficulty in obtaining a molecule with complete specificity for these enzymes versus other Cdks and protein kinases, considerable effort was taken to establish the selectivity of this compound. PD 0332991 was tested against 39 individual serine, threonine, and tyrosine kinases, representing most of the primary protein kinase families (84). Other than Cdk4 and Cdk6, the compound had little or no activity against any of these enzymes. Based on the understood role of Cdk4/6 in cell cycle progression, a specific Cdk4/6 inhibitor is predicted to produce an exclusive G1 arrest. Consistent with this expectation, cells treated with concentrations of PD 0332991 as high as 200-fold above the IC50 for ...

Substituted guanines and pyrimidines were tested as inhibitors of cyclin B1/CDK1 and cyclin A3/CDK2 and soaked into crystals of monomeric CDK2. O6-Cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058) was a competitive inhibitor of CDK1 and CDK2 with respect to ATP (Ki values: CDK1, 5 +/- 1 microM; CDK2, 12 +/- 3 microM) and formed a triplet of hydrogen bonds (i.e., NH-9 to Glu 81, N-3 to Leu 83, and 2-NH2 to Leu 83). The triplet of hydrogen bonding and CDK inhibition was reproduced by 2,6-diamino-4-cyclohexylmethyloxy-5-nitrosopyrimidine (NU6027, Ki values: CDK1, 2.5 +/- 0.4 microM; CDK2, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM). Against human tumor cells, NU2058 and NU6027 were growth inhibitory in vitro (mean GI50 values of 13 +/- 7 microM and 10 +/- 6 microM, respectively), with a pattern of sensitivity distinct from flavopiridol and olomoucine. These CDK inhibition and chemosensitivity data indicate that the distinct mode of binding of NU2058 and NU6027 has direct consequences for enzyme and cell growth inhibition.

Cancer develops due to an imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death. Various mechanisms of carcinogenesis as well as of novel anticancer agents that could be targeted for the treatment of cancer have been proposed by different studies. Among these, p21 is recognized as a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that facilitates cell-cycle arrest by interacting with different stimuli such as p53, DNA repair process, CDK, E2F1, MYC, PCNA, STAT3 AP4, proteasomes, K1F, CDX2, and ER-α. p21 acts both as a tumor-suppressor gene and an inhibitor of apoptosis by interacting with various molecules and transition factors. In this review, we discuss the complex role of p21 in the development of cancer and as a target in its treatment. We conclude that, in the future, the tumor-suppressor activity of p21 should be the focus of a novel treatment strategies, which may lead to the devolvement of new and selective anti-cancer agents for the targeted therapy of cancers.. ...

Activation of the cyclin-dependent kinases to promote cell cycle progression requires their association with cyclins as well as phosphorylation of a threonine (residue 161 in human p34cdc2). This phosphorylation is carried out by CAK, the Cdk-activating kinase. We have purified and cloned CAK from S …

Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 7. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 7 (CDK7) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The CDK7 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. CDK7 plays essential roles in the cell cycle and in transcription. It associates with cyclin H and MAT1 and acts as a CDK-Activating Kinase (CAK) by phosphorylating and activating cell cycle CDKs (CDK1/2/4/6). In the brain, it activates CDK5. CDK7 is also a component of the ...

4216 Cell cycle related kinase (CCRK) is a newly identified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase (CAK). CCRK is indispensable for cell growth. Here we studied the expression profile of CCRK in colon tumor tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. We found that 78% of the colon tumor tissues had an elevated level of CCRK expression, comparing with matched normal tissues. This result suggested that CCRK was involved in colon cancer tumorgenesis. Furthermore we found that CCRK was detectable in all cell lines derived from colon tumor, including p53 wild type cell lines (HCT116 and LoVo), and p53 mutant cell lines (colo205, DLD1, HT29, SW1116 and SW480). Suppression of CCRK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited the proliferation of both LoVo and SW1116 cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that siCCRK caused a characteristic G1/S phase arrest, but no apoptosis, which is demonstrated by nuclear DAPI staining. In addition, we showed CCRK interacted with and activated ...

G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-triggered degradation of the S-phase Cdk inhibitor Sic1p has been implicated in the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle of budding yeast. A multidimensional electrospray mass spectrometry technique was used to map G1 Cdk phosphorylation sites in Sic1p both in vitro and in vivo. A Sic1p mutant lacking three Cdk phosphorylation sites did not serve as a substrate for Cdc34p-dependent ubiquitination in vitro, was stable in vivo, and blocked DNA replication. Moreover, purified phosphoSic1p was ubiquitinated in cyclin-depleted G1 extract, indicating that a primary function of G1 cyclins is to tag Sic1p for destruction. These data suggest a molecular model of how phosphorylation and proteolysis cooperate to bring about the G1/S transition in budding yeast. ...

Coxon CR, Anscombe E, Harnor SJ, Martin MP, Carbain B, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Harlow LK, Korolchuk S, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Noble ME, Sivaprakasam M, Tudhope SJ, Turner DM, Wang LZ, Wedge SR, Wong C, Griffin RJ, Endicott JA, Cano C. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Insights into the CDK-2 Selectivity of 6-Substituted 2-Arylaminopurines. J Med Chem. 2017 03 09; 60(5):1746-1767 ...

Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Plant B-type Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Plant B-type Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CdkB) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The CdkB subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. The plant-specific B-type CDKs are expressed from the late S to the M phase of the cell cycle. They are characterized by the cyclin binding motif PPT[A/T]LRE. They play a role in controlling mitosis and integrating developmental pathways, such as stomata ...

Phosphorylation of Sic1, a Cyclin-dependent Kinase (Cdk) Inhibitor, by Cdk Including Pho85 Kinase Is Required for Its Prompt Degradation: In the yeast Saccharom

Although most efforts to develop antagonists of CDK function have focused on identifying and optimizing ATP-competitive CDK inhibitors, a number of studies have been published in which new, creative strategies have been used. Most of these approaches focus on CDK2 inhibition. This is in part due to the fact that X-ray crystal structures of CDK2 and the cyclin A/CDK2 complex have been available longer than similar data for other CDK and cyclin/CDK complexes. A crystal structure of cyclin A/CDK2 in complex with ATP and a substrate peptide (Brown et al., 1999) (Fig. 3A) shows ATP bound in a cleft formed on one side by the GEGTYG nucleotide-binding motif (red- and blue-colored residues). The peptide substrate is bound in a cleft adjacent to the ATP binding site and in close apposition to ATP. Interestingly, binding of the endogenous CDK inhibitor p27 to cyclin A/CDK2 causes large-scale structural changes to the cyclin A/CDK2 complex (Fig. 3B) (Russo et al., 1996). p27 inserts itself into the ATP ...

Recombinant Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 10 (CDK10) Protein (His tag). Species: Cow (Bovine). Source: Yeast. Order product ABIN1616360.

Recombinant Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 10 (CDK10) Protein (His tag). Species: Human. Source: Insect Cells. Order product ABIN3091398.

TY - JOUR. T1 - G1 control in mammalian cells. AU - Reed, S. I.. AU - Bailly, E.. AU - Dulic, V.. AU - Hengst, L.. AU - Resnitzky, D.. AU - Slingerland, J.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) control the major cell cycle transitions in eukaryotic cells. On the basis of a variety of experiments where cyclin function either is impaired or enhanced, D-type cyclins as well as cyclins E and A have been linked to G1 and G1/S phase roles in mammalian cells. We therefore sought to determine if agents that block the G1/S phase transition do so at the level of regulating the Cdk activities associated with these cyclins. A variety of conditions that lead to G1 arrest were found to correlate with accumulation of G1-specific Cdk inhibitors, including treatment of fibroblasts with ionizing radiation, treatment of epithelial cells with TGF-beta, treatment of HeLa cells with the drug lovastatin, and removal of essential growth factors from a variety of different cell types. ...

https://astx.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/logo_white.png 0 0 webadmin https://astx.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/logo_white.png webadmin2010-11-29 12:06:482016-11-29 12:06:57Cho et al. 4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-pyrimidines as Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53, no. 22 2010: 7938-7957. DOI: 10.1021/jm100571n. ...

The conversation the turned to patient eligibility and the panel agreed that it was prudent to offer the best possible treatment first to patients, where possible, due to the proven response rates seen with CDK 4/6 inhibitors. This point was of particular interest to Dr Beresford as ribociclib and palbocilcib are not approved for 2nd line use in the U.K., and therefore will not be an option for those who are treated with hormone therapy, for example, as an initial option. The panel also reiterated the importance of considering CDK 4/6 inhibitors as a 1st line option to avoid the over use of chemotherapy; a strategy that was backed up by the PALOMA-1 study that showed treatment with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor delayed the time until a patient received subsequent chemotherapy treatment ...

Synonyms: Regulation of Nuclear Pre-MRNA Domain Containing 1A, RPRD1A, P15RS, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2B-Inhibitor-Related Protein, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B-Related Protein (P15INK4B-Related Protein), P15INK4B-Related Protein, HsT3101, Regulation of Nuclear Pre-MRNA Domain-Containing Protein 1A, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B-Related Protein, FLJ10656.. ...

Professor Nadia Harbeck Chairs an expert discussion on the latest in CDK inhibition in breast cancer and what this means for patients for ecancer at the 40th

Disruption of the cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitory domain of p27 enhances growth of mice. Growth is attributed to an increase in cell number, due to increased cell proliferation, most obviously in tissues that ordinarily express p27 at the highest levels. Disruption of p27 function leads to nodula …

p53 induction and cell cycle arrest occur following DNA damage, possibly to allow repair prior to replication. p21WAF1/CIP1, a cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-interacting protein, is induced by p53 and mediates the cell cycle arrest. To investigate a role for p21 in DNA repair in vivo, we studied the expression of in vitro damaged reporter DNA transfected into p21 +/+ or -/- HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Introduction of UV-damaged or cis-platinum-damaged cytomegalovirus-driven β-galactosidase reporter DNA into tumor cells revealed a significant decrease (2-5-fold) in reporter expression in p21 -/- versus +/+ cells. In the absence of DNA damage, there was a significant increase (2-3-fold) in the number of 6-TG-resistant colonies derived from p21 -/- versus +/+ cells. Reintroduction of wild-type p21, but not a p21 C-terminal truncation mutant which lacks the proliferating cell nuclear antigen interaction domain, stimulated (2-3-fold) the repair ...

CDKN2A - CDKN2A (untagged)-Human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4) (CDKN2A), transcript variant 4 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Lenti ORF clone of Human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4) (CDKN2A), transcript variant 1, mGFP tagged

p27/Kip1 antibody to detect human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1. Validated on up to 12 cell lysates for western blotting. Try a trial size today.

Principal Investigator：ANDO Shoji, Project Period (FY)：1996 - 1997, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Bioorganic chemistry

Dysregulation of cell cycle machinery is implicated in a number of neuronal death contexts, including stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are inappropriately activated in mature neurons under ischemic stress conditions. We previously demonstrated a functional role for cyclin D1/Cdk4/pRb pathway in delayed neuronal death induced by ischemia. However, the molecular signal(s) leading to cyclin D/Cdk4/pRb activation following ischemic insult is presently not clear. Here, we investigate the cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) dual specificity phosphatases as potential upstream regulators of ischemic neuronal death and Cdk4 activation. We show that a pharmacologic inhibitor of Cdc25 family members (A, B & C) protects mouse primary neurons from hypoxia-induced delayed death. The major contributor to the death process appears to be Cdc25A. shRNA mediated knockdown of Cdc25A protects neurons in a delayed model of hypoxia-induced death in vitro. Similar results were ...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) contribute to the cancer hallmarks of uncontrolled proliferation and increased survival. As a result, over the last two decades substantial efforts have been directed towards identification and development of pharmaceutical CDK inhibitors. Insights into the biological consequences of CDK inhibition in specific tumor types have led to the successful development of CDK4/6 inhibitors as treatments for certain types of breast cancer. More recently, a new generation of pharmaceutical inhibitors of CDK enzymes that regulate the transcription of key oncogenic and pro-survival proteins, including CDK9, have entered clinical development. Here, we provide the first disclosure of the chemical structure of fadraciclib (CYC065), a CDK inhibitor and clinical candidate designed by further optimization from the aminopurine scaffold of seliciclib. We describe its synthesis and mechanistic characterization. Fadraciclib exhibits improved potency and selectivity for CDK2 and CDK9 ...

Clone REA756 recognizes the human CD20L, an intracytoplasmic membrane protein, which is also known as Htm4 or MS4A3. It is present specifically in hematopoietic cells and tissues. CD20L functions as a hematopoietic modulator for the G1-S cell cycle transition. It binds to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3/KAP) and modulates the level of phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Additional information: Clone REA756 displays negligible binding to Fc receptors. - Österreich

Looking for online definition of cyclin-dependent kinase 15 in the Medical Dictionary? cyclin-dependent kinase 15 explanation free. What is cyclin-dependent kinase 15? Meaning of cyclin-dependent kinase 15 medical term. What does cyclin-dependent kinase 15 mean?

Cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes are critical regulators of cellular proliferation. A complex network of regulatory mechanisms has evolved to control their activity, including activating and inactivating phosphorylation of the catalytic CDK subunit and inhibition through specific regulatory proteins. Primate herpesviruses, including the oncogenic Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, encode cyclin D homologues. Viral cyclins have diverged from their cellular progenitor in that they elicit holoenzyme activity independent of activating phosphorylation by the CDK-activating kinase and resistant to inhibition by CDK inhibitors. Using sequence comparison and site-directed mutagenesis, we performed molecular analysis of the cellular cyclin D and the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-cyclin to delineate the molecular mechanisms behind their different behavior. This provides evidence that a surface recognized for its involvement in the docking of CIP/KIP inhibitors is required and sufficient to modulate ...

The molecular mechanisms underlying erlotinib resistance in breast cancer have not been well defined. In our screening of breast cancer cell lines, down-regulation of CDK2 after treatment with erlotinib showed association with erlotinib sensitivity. Moreover, our study provides that erlotinib sensitivity is causally linked with CDK2 activity, indicating that erlotinib sensitivity depends, at least in part, on CDK2 activity. Some reports have indicated that the growth-inhibitory effect induced by EGFR-TKIs in sensitive cell lines depends mainly on G1 cell cycle arrest (1, 7, 11, 13); others have shown CDK2 activity to be down-regulated after treatment with an EGFR-TKI (12, 13). However, this is the first report establishing cause and effect relationship between erlotinib sensitivity and CDK2 activity.. The erlotinib sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines has clinical relevance for several reasons. The limited clinical activity of EGFR-TKIs in breast cancer was also echoed by the findings of this ...

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

The EL2 gene of rice (Oryza sativa), previously classified as early response gene against the potent biotic elicitor N-acetylchitoheptaose and encoding a short polypeptide with unknown function, was identified as a novel cell cycle regulatory gene related to the recently reported SIAMESE (SIM) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Iterative two-hybrid screens, in vitro pull-down assays, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses showed that Orysa; EL2 binds the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) CDKA1;1 and D-type cyclins. No interaction was observed with the plant-specific B-type CDKs. The amino acid motif ELERFL was identified to be essential for cyclin, but not for CDK binding. Orysa;EL2 impaired the ability of Orysa; CYCD5;3 to complement a budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) triple CLN mutant, whereas recombinant protein inhibited CDK activity in vitro. Moreover, Orysa;EL2 was able to rescue the multicellular trichome phenotype of sim mutants of Arabidopsis, unequivocally demonstrating that Orysa

The cortactin oncoprotein is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), often due to amplification of the encoding gene (CTTN). While cortactin overexpression enhances invasive potential, recent research indicates that it also promotes cell proliferation, but how cortactin regulates the cell cycle machinery is unclear. In this article we report that stable short hairpin RNA-mediated cortactin knockdown in the 11q13-amplified cell line FaDu led to increased expression of the Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21(WAF1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), and p57(Kip2) and inhibition of S-phase entry. These effects were associated with increased binding of p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) to cyclin D1- and E1-containing complexes and decreased retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Cortactin regulated expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, respectively. The direct roles of p21(WAF1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), and p57(Kip2) ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular cloning of a cyclin-like protein associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk 3) in vivo. AU - Matsuoka, Masaaki. AU - Matsuura, Yoshiharu. AU - Semba, Kentaro. AU - Nishimoto, Ikuo. PY - 2000/7/5. Y1 - 2000/7/5. N2 - cdk3 has been considered to be rate-limiting for cell cycle progression of mammalian cells while its precise function remains to be elucidated, To assess cdk3 function, a cDNA coding for a cyclin-like protein (designated as ik3-1 from an interactor-1 with cdk3) was isolated with the yeast two-hybrid system using a cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk3) cDNA as bait. p70(ik3-1) (a 70-kDa protein designated as p70(ik3-1)) seems to belong to the cyclin family as its C-terminal domain composed of 124 amino acids resembles the highly conserved cyclin box. Coimmunoprecipitation indicated that p70(ik3-1) binds to p35(cdk3) in vivo. The ik3-1 gene may belong to a multigene family and is highly conserved during evolution. mRNA expression of ik3-1 was low in the early ...

In this paper, we report that (+)-preussin, a pyrrolidinol alkaloid originally identified as an antifungal agent, has growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells. Preussin was found to be a potent inhibitor of cyclin E kinase (CDK2-cyclin E) in vitro (50% inhibitory concentration; approximately 500 nM) and to inhibit cell cycle progression into S phase. In agreement with these findings, the level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP-1) is increased in response to preussin treatment while the expression of both cyclin A and the transcription factor E2F-1 is down-regulated. Preussin also induces programmed cell death (apoptosis), which requires caspase activation and involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. This induction of apoptosis is not blocked by high levels of Bcl-2, which usually confers resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, our data indicate that preussin could be a promising lead compound for the development of a new class of potent

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of sugar kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells. They are present in all known eukaryotes, and their regulatory function in the cell cycle has been evolutionarily conserved. In fact, yeast cells can proliferate normally when their CDK gene has been replaced with the homologous human gene. CDKs are relatively small proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 40 kDa, and contain little more than the kinase domain. By definition, a CDK binds a regulatory protein called a cyclin. Without cyclin, CDK has little kinase activity; only the cyclin-CDK complex is an active kinase. CDKs phosphorylate their substrates on serines and threonines, so they are serine-threonine kinases. The consensus sequence for the phosphorylation site in the amino acid sequence of a CDK substrate is [S/T*]PX[K/R], where S/T* is the ...

Supinoxin, also known as RX-5902, is orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of phosphorylated-p68 RNA helicase (P-p68), with potential anti-proliferative and antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, P-p68 inhibitor RX-5902 may both inhibit the activity of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and facilitate the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21). This may prevent G2/M cell cycle progression and lead to growth inhibition in tumor cells. P-p68 is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors but absent in normal tissues, and plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis. p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which regulates cell cycle progression and mediates both growth arrest and cellular senescence. (Last updated: 6/16/2015)

CDC25A plays a role in the unperturbed cell cycle (Ben-Yehoyada et al., 2007); to address the concern that the CDC25A siRNA was slowing down replication, which would affect the result, we pulsed cells with BrdU after 48 h of CDC25A siRNA transfection and chased the cells for 8 h. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the progression through S phase at these time points was largely unaffected by the lower cellular concentration of CDC25A (Fig. S3 E). Thus, repression of DNA damage after CDC25A depletion is not caused by markedly slowed progression through S phase or G1-phase arrest.. Finally, we asked whether CDC25A accumulation could be an important determinant of the proliferative capability of cells depleted for CHK1 because coknockdown of CDC25A with CHK1 abolished the majority of DNA damage. Importantly, TIG-3-tert cells depleted for CHK1 proliferated very poorly, whereas this phenotype was partly rescued by codepletion of CDC25A. In fact, cells depleted for both CDC25A and CHK1 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - SU9516, a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, promotes accumulation of high molecular weight E2F complexes in human colon carcinoma cells. AU - Yu, Bo. AU - Lane, Maureen E.. AU - Wadler, Scott. PY - 2002/10/1. Y1 - 2002/10/1. N2 - The E2F family plays a critical role in the expression of genes required for entry into and progression through S phase. E2F-mediated transcription is repressed by the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (pRb), which results in sequestration of E2F in a multiprotein complex that includes pRb. Derepression of E2F results from a series of complex phosphorylation events mediated by cyclin D/cdk4 and cyclin E/cdk2. We have employed a novel 3-substituted indolinone compound, 3-[1-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-methoxy-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one (SU9516), which selectively inhibits cdk2 activity (Lane et al., Cancer Res 2001;61:6170-7) to investigate these events. Electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays were performed on SU9516-treated and ...

p35 is an activating co-factor of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a protein whose dysfunction has been implicated in a wide-range of neurological disorders including cognitive impairment and disease. Inducible deletion of the p35 gene in adult mice results in profound deficits in hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and synaptic physiology, however the impact of the loss of p35 function on hippocampal in vivo physiology and spatial coding remains unknown. Here, we recorded CA1 pyramidal cell activity in freely behaving p35 cKO and control mice and found that place cells in the mutant mice have elevated firing rates and impaired spatial coding, accompanied by changes in the temporal organization of spiking both during exploration and rest. These data shed light on the role of p35 in maintaining cellular and network excitability and provide a physiological correlate of the spatial learning deficits in these mice.

Background Over the last decade a number of species, from farm animals to rodents, have been cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT). This technique has the potential to revolutionize the way that genetically modified animals are made. In its current state, the process of SCNT is very inefficient (|5% success rate), with several technical and biological hurdles hindering development. Yet, SCNT provides investigators with powerful advantages over other approaches, such as allowing for prescreening for the desired level of transgene expression and eliminating the excess production of undesirable wild-type animals. The rat plays a significant role in biomedical research, but SCNT has been problematic for this species. In this study, we address one aspect of the problem by evaluating methods of activation in artificially constructed rat embryos. Principal Findings We demonstrate that treatment with a calcium ionophore (ionomycin) combined with a variety of cyclin-dependent kinase

Dive into the research topics of An analysis of available biomarker data for targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) in breast cancer. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

The cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) regulate many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, neuronal development, transcription, and posttranscriptional processing. To perform their functions, Cdks bind to specific cyclin subunits to form a functional and active cyclin/Cdk complex. This review is focused on Cyclin K, which was originally considered an alternative subunit of Cdk9, and on its newly identified partners, Cdk12 and Cdk13. We briefly summarize research devoted to each of these proteins. We also discuss the proteins functions in the regulation of gene expression via the phosphorylation of serine 2 in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, contributions to the maintenance of genome stability, and roles in the onset of human disease and embryo development.

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cells progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA ...

Cyclin D-CDK4/6 are the first CDK complexes to be activated in G1 phase in response to oncogenic pathways. The specific CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 (Palbociclib) was recently approved by the FDA to treat advanced ER+ breast tumors. Unfortunately, reliable predictive tools are lacking to identify potentially responsive or insensitive tumors. We have shown that the activating T172 phosphorylation of CDK4 is the central rate-limiting event that initiates the cell cycle decision and signals the presence of active CDK4. Here, we found that, in breast cancer cell lines, the CDK4 T172 phosphorylation best correlates with the sensitivity to PD0332991. Moreover, the modification profile of CDK4 differs among breast tumors and it associates with their subtypes and risk. A gene expression signature faithfully predicted CDK4 modification profiles in tumors and cell lines. This surrogate biomarker identifies tumors that are unlikely to respond to CDK4/6 inhibitors and could allow extending the indication of the drug

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase family which regulates G1 to S cell cycle transition. CDK4 activity is increased in many tumor types. Here, we report a...

Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (p34 Protein Kinase or Cell Division Protein Kinase 1 or Cell Division Control Protein 2 Homolog or CDK1 or EC 2.7.11.22 or EC 2.7.11.23) - Pipeline Review, H2 2017 Size and Share Published in 2017-08-29 Available for US$ 3500 at Researchmoz.us

Vol 7: PD-0332991 induces G1 arrest of colorectal carcinoma cells through inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase-6 and retinoblastoma protein axis.. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

A novel synthetic retinoid, 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437), is a selective ligand of the RARgamma nuclear receptor. We examined the in vitro effects of CD437 and found that CD437 induces S phase arrest within 24 to 48 h, followed by cell death, in the p53-negative Hep3B and the p53-positive HepG2 human hepatoma cell lines. Based on observations of cellular and nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, the CD437-mediated cell-killing effect appears to be due to apoptosis. On morphological examination, a number of CD437-treated cells were found to have increased 5- to 10-fold in size and persisted as single giant cells without cell division, while the remainder underwent nuclear division (multiple nuclei) but were unable to complete cytokinesis, and finally all died by apoptosis. In HepG2 cells that possessed wild-type p53, CD437-induced S phase arrest and apoptosis were accompanied by the up-regulation of cyclin A, cyclin B, p53, p21

Centrosome Duplication And Separation Are Linked Inextricably To Certain Cell Cycle Events, In Particular Activation Of Cyclin-dependent Kinases (CDKs). However, Relatively Few CDK Targets Driving These Events Have Been Uncovered. Here, We Have Performed

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Phase II SBIR project is aimed at developing a novel type of drugs, termed SNX9-class compounds, with a unique combination of two anticancer activities. The first is a selective antiproliferative effect on tumor cells relative to normal cells. The second is the inhibition of chemotherapy- or radiation-induced expression of multiple genes encoding secreted tumor-supporting factors with mitogenic, antiapoptotic and angiogenic activities; as a result, SNX9-class compounds potentiate the induction of apoptosis by conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Studies conducted during Phase I of this project showed that both activities of SNX9- class compounds are due to their ability to inhibit CDK3. This understudied member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family is apparently unneeded by normal cells, based on its very low expression in normal human tissues and spontaneous germline inactivation in laboratory mice. However, CDK3 is overexpressed in different ...

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle; involved in G0-G1 and G1-S cell cycle transitions. Interacts with CCNC/cyclin-C during interphase. Phosphorylates histone H1, ATF1, RB1 and CABLES1. ATF1 phosphorylation triggers ATF1 transactivation and transcriptional activities, and promotes cell proliferation and transformation. CDK3/cyclin-C mediated RB1 phosphorylation is required for G0-G1 transition. Promotes G1-S transition probably by contributing to the activation of E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3 in a RB1-independent manner.

For example, in frogs, cyclin dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) binds to cyclin B to form an active kinase which phosphorylates a prereplication complex initiating S phase and mitosis. Cyclin B, a 45Kd protein, accumulates to high levels just before S phase. Its concentration drops sharply at the end of mitosis. The kinase, a 34 Kd protein, is encoded by the CDC2 gene (for cell division cycle gene). A homologous gene exists in humans - the CDK2 gene (cyclin dependent kinase 2) - and controls entry in S phase. These kinases can be considered heterodimers with a kinase catalytic subunit and a cyclin regulatory subunit. In animal cells, there are at least ten different cyclins (A, B, .....) and at least eight different cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1-8). Another Look at Neurotransmission and Ion Channels. You may have noticed above that some signaling molecules, whose effects are regulated by kinases (b-adrenergic and some olfactory signals by PKA and acetylcholine by PKC for example), are ...

View and buy high purity Purvalanol B from Tocris Bioscience. Selective cdk inhibitor; potently inhibits cdk1, cdk2 and cdk5. Cited in 3 publications.

Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukaemia-1) is a Bcl-2 family member with short-term pro-survival functions but whose other functions, demonstrated by embryonic lethality of knockout mice, do not involve apoptosis. In the present study, we show a cell-cycle-regulatory role of Mcl-1 involving a shortened form of the Mcl-1 polypeptide, primarily localized to the nucleus, which we call snMcl-1. snMcl-1 interacts with the cell-cycle-regulatory protein Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1; also known as cdc2) in the nucleus, and Cdk1 bound to snMcl-1 was found to have a lower kinase activity. The interaction with Cdk1 occurs in the absence of its cyclin partners and is enhanced on treatment of cells with G2/M blocking agents, but not by G1/S blocking. The snMcl-1 polypeptide is present during S and G2 phases and is negligible in G1. Overexpression of human Mcl-1 in a murine myeloid progenitor cell line resulted in a lower rate of proliferation. Furthermore, Mcl-1-overexpressing cells had lower total Cdk1 kinase ...

In early S-phase, Clb5 and Clb6 initiate replication, and Clb5 simultaneously inhibits rereplication, probably acting through phosphorylation of Mcm and the Orc complex, since both are likely to be favored phosphorylation targets of Clb5 (Wilmes et al. 2004; Archambault et al. 2005a; Loog and Morgan 2005).. A clb1 clb2(ts) clb3 clb4 strain (Amon et al. 1993) additionally containing ORC6-ps,rxl GAL-CDC6ΔNT(m) showed G2 accumulation and no rereplication at a nonpermissive temperature in galactose (supplemental Figure S2 at http://www.genetics.org/supplemental/). In this strain, replication is driven exclusively by Clb5,6 (Schwob et al. 1994). This supports the hypothesis that S-phase cyclins, in addition to targeting Orc6, can regulate other rereplication-limiting substrates independently of Orc6 binding or Orc6 phosphorylation, such as the Mcm complex (Loog and Morgan 2005). In the converse situation, when initiation is driven in the absence of CLB5,6 and all replication is under control of ...

The molecular networks regulating the G1CS transition in budding yeast and mammals are strikingly identical in network structure. fungi, specifically and (budding Aviptadil Acetate and fission fungus, respectively), to recognize genes with important functions attributed particularly to cell routine control or execution. These lines of study converged in the past due 1980s. Cyclins, 1st recognized in sea invertebrates, were discovered to regularly activate cyclin-dependent proteins kinases (Cdks), defined as central to cell routine regulation in candida displays. CdkCcyclin complexes and oscillation of Cdk kinase activity had been subsequently found to become at the primary of most eukaryotic cell routine control. Further function showed that additional cell routine regulators recognized in candida screens had been present and working in highly comparable ways in pet systems. Certainly, conservation of framework and function was regularly sufficient to permit for cross-kingdom hereditary ...

Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. p34 is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

CGP74514A is a CDK1 inhibitor with potential anticancer activity. In U937 cells, CGP74514A - induced apoptosis (5 microM) became apparent within 4 hr and approached 100% by 24 hr. The pan- caspase inhibitor Boc-fmk and the caspase-8 inhibitor lETD-fmk opposed CGP74514A -induced caspase-9 activation and PARP degradation, but not cytochrome c or Smac/DIABLO release. CGP74514A -mediated apoptosis was substantially blocked by ectopic expression of full-length Bel- 2, a loop-deleted mutant Bcl-2, and Bcl-x(L). CGP74514A treatment (5 microM; 18 hr) resulted in increased p21(CIP1) expression, p27(KIP1) degradation, diminished E2F1 expression, and dephosphorylation of p34(CDC2). It also induced early (i.e., within 2 hr) inhibition of CDK1 activity and dephosphorylation of pRb, followed by pRb degradation, but did not block pRb phosphorylation at CDK2- and CDK4- specific sites. These findings indicate that the selective CDK1 inhibitor, CGP74514A , induces complex changes in cell cycle-related proteins in human

To achieve faithful replication of the genome once in each cell cycle, reinitiation of S phase is prevented in G(2) and origins are restricted from refiring within S phase. We have investigated the block to rereplication during G(2) in fission yeast. The DNA synthesis that occurs when G(2)/M cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity is depleted has been assumed to be repeated rounds of S phase without mitosis, but this has not been demonstrated to be the case. We show here that on G(2)/M CDK depletion in G(2), repeated S phases are induced, which are correlated with normal G(1)/S transcription and attainment of doublings in cell size. Mostly normal mitotic S-phase origins are utilized, although at different efficiencies, and replication is essentially equal across the genome. We conclude that CDK inhibits reinitiation of S phase during G(2), and if G(2)/M CDK is depleted, replication results from induction of a largely normal S-phase program with only small differences in origin usage and efficiency ...

The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.

Cell proliferation is an important determinant of plant growth and development. In addition, modulation of cell-division rate is an important mechanism of plant plasticity and is key in adapting of plants to environmental conditions. One of the greatest challenges in understanding the cell cycle of flowering plants is the large families of CDKs and cyclins that have the potential to form many different complexes. However, it is largely unclear which complexes are active. In addition, there are many CDK- and cyclin-related proteins whose biological role is still unclear, i.e. whether they have indeed enzymatic activity. Thus, a biochemical characterization of these proteins is of key importance for the understanding of their function. Here we present a straightforward system to systematically express and purify active CDK-cyclin complexes from E. coli extracts. Our method relies on the concomitant production of a CDK activating kinase, which catalyzes the T-loop phosphorylation necessary for kinase

Cell proliferation is an important determinant of plant growth and development. In addition, modulation of cell-division rate is an important mechanism of plant plasticity and is key in adapting of plants to environmental conditions. One of the greatest challenges in understanding the cell cycle of flowering plants is the large families of CDKs and cyclins that have the potential to form many different complexes. However, it is largely unclear which complexes are active. In addition, there are many CDK- and cyclin-related proteins whose biological role is still unclear, i.e. whether they have indeed enzymatic activity. Thus, a biochemical characterization of these proteins is of key importance for the understanding of their function. Here we present a straightforward system to systematically express and purify active CDK-cyclin complexes from E. coli extracts. Our method relies on the concomitant production of a CDK activating kinase, which catalyzes the T-loop phosphorylation necessary for kinase

Okada Y, Kubo M, Ohmiya H, Takahashi A, Kumasaka N, Hosono N, Maeda S, Wen W, Dorajoo R, Go MJ, Zheng W, Kato N, Wu JY, Lu Q. Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations. Nat Genet. 2012 Feb 19; 44(3):302-6 ...

CDK2 is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, and is essential for cell cycle G1S phase transition. This protein is coexpressed and copurified with CyclinA.

Squad Kit (CCRK) - Black- Developed with the end-user requirements and skill set in mind, our innovative Combat Casualty Response Kit-Squad Kit capita

Alsterpaullone, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and GSK-3beta inhibitor (CAS 237430-03-4), with |96% purity. Join researchers using our high quality biochemicals.

Complete information for CDKN1B gene (Protein Coding), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Complete information for CDKN2B gene (Protein Coding), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium