University of Illinois graduate student Michael Sveda first synthesized cyclamate in 1937. Some say that he discovered its sweet taste by chance when he accidentally got some on the cigarette he was smoking. The university eventually transferred patent rights to Abbott Laboratories, which brought the sweetener to market in 1950.. Most cyclamate sales were as a 10-1 mixture with saccharin, marketed under the brand name Sucaryl®. (Since saccharin is about 10 times as sweet as cyclamate, each compound contributed roughly half the mixtures sweetening power.) The mixture was attractive because the two compounds together are sweeter and better-tasting than either alone. Cyclamate alone becomes relatively less sweet as its concentration increases-that is, raising the concentration ten-fold increases the total sweetness only six-fold. Thus, if cyclamate were used alone in very sweet products such as soft drinks, manufacturers would have to use large amounts. Besides cost, this risks development of the ...

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Sodium cyclamate definition, a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder, NaC6NH12SO3, that has been used as a sweetening agent: banned by the FDA in 1970. See more.

Looking for calcium cyclamate? Find out information about calcium cyclamate. C12H24O6N2S2Ca2H2O White crystals with a very sweet taste, soluble in water; has been used as a low-calorie sweetening agent Explanation of calcium cyclamate

Golden Time Chemical(Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. is a large enterprise wholly owned by Hong Kong businessmen, which is engaged in the manufacture, import & export of petroleum-chemicals and food additives. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of sodium cyclamate and Chinas biggest producer of cyclohexylamine.

Get information, facts, and pictures about cyclamate at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about cyclamate easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.

Coca-Cola has removed the artificial sweetener sodium cyclamate from the formula for Coke Zero in Mexico. related to Soft drinks, Water, Coke,

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To identify molecules that could enhance sweetness perception, we undertook the screening of a compound library using a cell-based assay for the human sweet taste receptor and a panel of selected sweeteners. In one of these screens we found a hit, SE-1, which significantly enhanced the activity of sucralose in the assay. At 50 microM, SE-1 increased the sucralose potency by |20-fold. On the other hand, SE-1 exhibited little or no agonist activity on its own. SE-1 effects were strikingly selective for sucralose. Other popular sweeteners such as aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin were not enhanced by SE-1 whereas sucrose and neotame potency were increased only by 1.3- to 2.5-fold at 50 microM. Further assay-guided chemical optimization of the initial hit SE-1 led to the discovery of SE-2 and SE-3, selective enhancers of sucralose and sucrose, respectively. SE-2 (50 microM) and SE-3 (200 microM) increased sucralose and sucrose potencies in the assay by 24- and 4.7-fold, respectively. In human taste tests,

calcium cyclamate: An artificially prepared salt of cyclamic acid, C12H24O6N2S2Ca2H2O, formerly used as a nonnutritive low-calorie sweetener but now banned because of possible carcinogenic effects of its metabolic products.

0018]Suitable sweeteners and combinations of sweeteners are selected for the desired nutritional characteristics, taste profile for the beverage, mouthfeel and other organoleptic factors. Non-nutritive sweeteners suitable for at least certain exemplary embodiments include, for example, peptide based sweeteners, e.g., aspartame, neotame, and alitame, and non-peptide based sweeteners, for example, sodium saccharin, calcium saccharin, acesulfame (including but not limited to acesulfame potassium), cyclamate (including but not limited to sodium cyclamate and/or calcium cyclamate), neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and sucralose. Alitame may be less desirable for caramel-containing beverages where it has been known to form a precipitate. In certain exemplary embodiments the beverage product employs aspartame as the sweetener, either alone or with other sweeteners. In certain other exemplary embodiments the sweetener comprises aspartame and acesulfame potassium. Other non-nutritive sweeteners suitable ...

Blends of artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and cyclamate produce less of a bitter off-taste than each of the individual components, but the explanation for this puzzling phenomenon has been elusive ever since its discovery more than 60 years ago. A study published September 14th in the journal Cell Chemical Biology solves this long-standing mystery, revealing that saccharin inhibits the activity of bitter taste receptors stimulated by cyclamate and, conversely, that cyclamate reduces the off-taste elicited by saccharin. Numerous sweeteners exhibit undesirable off-tastes, limiting their use in food products and beverages, says lead author Maik Behrens of the German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke. Our findings in this study provide us with the tools and knowledge to find ways leading to superior sweetener blends ...

Humans have always had a fondness for sweets. During the world wars, saccharose, (common sugar) was obtained from sugar cane or beets. Saccharin, the first artificial sweetener, was synthesized in 1879, and was popular during the world wars due to its low production cost. After World War II, sugar became more affordable, and since the 1950s, the reason for using saccharin shifted to calorie reduction. However, the bitter after-taste of saccharin produced a growing need for improved taste of calorie-reduced substances. Artificial sweeteners are classified as first generation (saccharin, cyclamate and aspartame) and new generation (acesulfame-K, sucralose, alitame and neotame). Cyclamate was introduced in the 1950s, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned it from all dietary foods in 1970, due to suspicion that it induced cancer in experimental animals. Cyclamate is still used in other countries, especially in combination with other sweeteners. Aspartame (NutraSweet) was approved by the ...

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice ...

Newseed is the professional food additives supplier in China. Specialized in Sweeteners (Aspartame, Acesulfame K, Sucralose, Sodium Cyclamate, Sodium Saccharin)

United States Patent 3,432,305 PROCESS FOR IMPROVING TASTE IN FRUIT PRODUCTS BY ADDING CYCLAMIC ACID Wayne Kenneth Kuhr and Albin Joseph Slakis, Waukegan, Ill., and Richard Lawrence Hughes, West Roxbury, and Anne Josephine Neilson, Cambridge, Mass., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois N0 Drawing. Filed Dec. 16, 1964, Ser. No. 418,895 US. Cl. 99-28 11 Claims Int. Cl. A231 1/00, I/OZ, 1/40 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The process of enhancing the taste of fruit beverages, fruit juice, tomato soup and fruit concentrates by adding cyclamic acid between about .005 to .03% by weight to said fruit product. The present invention relates to a method of improving the natural flavor of fruit products and fruit-flavored products. More particularly, it relates to the enhancement of the taste of fruit products and fruit-flavored beverages. For the purpose of this description, it is to be understood that the term fruit products is inclusive of ...

In an impressive proof-of-concept demonstration, an interdisciplinary team of scientists has developed a bioelectronic system driven by a machine learning algorithm that can shift the membrane voltage in living cells and maintain it at a set point for 10 hours.. Every living cell maintains a voltage across the cell membrane that results from differences in the concentrations of charged ions inside and outside the cell. Often called the membrane potential or resting potential, this voltage is regulated by ion channels in the cell membrane and plays important roles in cell physiology and functions such as proliferation and differentiation.. Controlling cells with bioelectronics is difficult due to the complex ways cells respond to changes in their environment and the natural self-regulating feedback process known as homeostasis. Cells regulate ion movements to maintain a steady membrane voltage, so the researchers had to develop a system that could counteract this natural response.. Biological ...

To get rid of extra weight and extra inches on their waists and hips, many women exclude sugar from their diets. Instead they use various low-calorie substitutes. Doctors warn that certain artificial sugar substitutes, such as cyclamate, are harmful for your body and may contain carcinogenic substances. Saccharine is also not that harmless as many people think

Industry funding of research that shows sugar in a good light is nothing new. In 2009, US dental administrator Cristin Couzens unearthed the files of a bankrupt sugar company and discovered a cache of revelatory documents spanning decades.. Couzens found that back in the 1960s, when diet drinks were seen as a threat to manufacturers of sugary drinks, the industry had funded research in an attempt to show that cyclamate sweeteners were bad for health. In the 1970s, efforts were made to distance sugar from diabetes, and between 1975 and 1980 the Sugar Association in the US had funded 17 studies to maintain research as a main prop of the industrys defense.1. As recently as 2003, a Sugar Association newsletter showed it was trying to secure seats for unbiased experts on the US Department of Agricultures dietary guidelines advisory panel and made this pledge to its members: the association was committed to the protection and promotion of sucrose consumption. Any disparagement of sugar will be ...

The most common violations during 2007-08 included filthy and unsafe additives, each of which accounted for 20 percent of violations. These violations together accounted for 42 percent of violations for China shipments, nearly double the share of violations from all countries (a combined 22 percent). Filthy violations occurred when the food appeared to contain a filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance (like human or animal hair, feces, insects, or dirt), was spoiled, or was otherwise unfi t for food (20 percent of violations for 2007-08 and 25 percent for 2002-04). This category also included some shipments rejected for containing non-nutritional substances or embedded foreign objects. Filthy violations occurred frequently for all types of products. Unsafe additives, including colorings or dyes, dulcin, cyclamate, and excess sulfite levels, accounted for 22 percent of 2007-08 violations. Melamine adulteration is included in this category. Unsafe additives were most common in fruit products. ...

A titration in which a weak base is titrated with a strong acid will look very similar to the previous titration curve, except backwards. As we add more NaOH(aq) past the equivalence point for the neutralisation reaction, the moles of OH-(aq) in this added volume of solution are all in excess, so the pH of the solution increases, but as we keep adding more and more NaOH(aq) the line levels off as it approaches the pH of the NaOH(aq) being added (for 0.200 mol L-1 NaOH(aq) pH = 13.3). This particular resource used the following sources: http://www.boundless.com/ The curves turning point is the equivalence point, right where the amount of hydroxide added matches the amount of acetic acid originally present. Titration curves for weak acid v strong base:- 20. The simplest acid-base reactions are those of a strong acid with a strong base. When the NaOH is in excess, the pH change is the same as in any system dominated by NaOH. A titration in which a weak acid is titrated with a strong base will look ...

A relationship was found between attended hemifield and the interhemispheric phase lag of the entrainment response, such that this difference reversed sign depending on which hemifield was attended. This striking pattern of results suggests that the widespread entrainment response reflects a functional flow of information between hemispheres. This effect was significant at the third attended harmonic, also appeared reliably at the second harmonic, and was almost completely absent at the first harmonic, suggesting that the harmonics may play different functional roles within the entrainment response.. Speaking further to this possibility, a subtle but interesting topographical dissociation was seen between the first and second attended harmonics, perhaps reflecting the dorsal and ventral attention networks described by Corbetta and Shulman (2002). The second harmonic was more ventrally distributed, showing maximal entrainment over bilateral occipitotemporal regions and also over a distinct ...

Strongly acidic water is not healthy for internal use but has unique benefits when used externally. Lear about strong acid ionized water here.

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Can you name the Strong Acids and Bases? Test your knowledge on this science quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Quiz by cwade3318

Please select more than one item to compare And the nature depends on the nature of the parent acid and base. Acidity, neutrality, and basicity are … Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. In easier words, the conjugate acid of a strong base is a weak acid and the conjugated base of a strong acid is a weak base. Source(s): Just finished my Mastering Chemistry. The strong bases are listed at the bottom right of the table and get weaker as we move to the top of the table. Different definitions of acids and bases ; Arrhenius ; Bronsted-Lowry ; Lewis; 4 Arrhenius. 9 0. LiF = basic. LiF NH4Br LiNO3 SrBr2 KCN B. lithium;nitrate. Both are products of strong acid/weak base. Classify these salts as acidic, basic, or neutral: NH 4 Br, LiNO 3, K 2 SO 3, KCL, Na 2 S. Learn this topic by watching Ionic Salts Concept Videos. In this video we saw that salts could be acidic, basic, or neutral in nature. Get the detailed answer: Which salt is a strong acid-strong base ...

I understand that you use a single arrow in an equation to show when a strong acid or base completely dissociates in water, but does that mean you use double arrows for everything that is not a strong acid or base? In the homework, none of the equations used double arrows. Would we be penalized on the final exam if one uses the wrong arrows (-, versus ...

Can you name strong acids and 3 elements? Test your knowledge on this science quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Quiz by autumnwozny

Looking for online definition of cyclamic acid in the Medical Dictionary? cyclamic acid explanation free. What is cyclamic acid? Meaning of cyclamic acid medical term. What does cyclamic acid mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular identification of functional water channel protein in cultured human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. AU - Han, Zhiqiang. AU - Yang, Junjie. AU - Wax, Martin B.. AU - Patil, Rajkumar V.. N1 - Funding Information: Supported by NIH grants EY10423 (RVP), EY06810 (MBW), Core Grant, EY02687, and Unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. RVP is a Research to Prevent Blindness Olga Keith Wiess Scholar.. PY - 2000/3. Y1 - 2000/3. N2 - Purpose. Water channel proteins are important pathways for water movements across cell membranes, including those in the ciliary epithelium, which is the major site of aqueous humor secretion. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the expression of functionally active aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels in cultured human ciliary epithelial cells. Methods. Poly A+ RNA was isolated from cell cultures of Simian Virus 40 (SV-40) transformed human nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE) subjected to RT-PCR reaction using primers ...

The high intake of added sugar is one of the most important health-related concerns in the diet of children and adolescents.. To reduce the intake of added sugar, beverages with added sweeteners may be considered as a favorable alternative to sugar-containing products.. It has therefore been questioned whether the tax on drinks with added sweeteners should be decreased.. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has been commissioned by the Ministry of Health and Care Services to assess whether the consumption of drinks with added sweeteners may pose a health risk to the population.. To investigate this issue, it is essential to get new and updated knowledge of the intake levels of sweeteners in the Norwegian population.. In order to provide a basis for answering the question asked by the Ministry, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) to calculate the intake of sweeteners in the Norwegian population from consumption of beverages, and ...

Of course, health experts have known for years that sugary soft drinks like Coca-Cola present a myriad of health problems. Just this year, a new study confirmed that sugary sweetened beverages, or SSBs, contribute directly to 184,000 deaths every year.. Coca-Cola leads the charge in this public health assault, containing over a half dozen chemical additives detrimental to a persons health. As Anti-Media previously reported, these additives include: E150D, a food coloring agent; E952, or Sodium Cyclamate, a synthetic sugar substitute that was actually banned by the FDA in 1969 and then inexplicably reinstated by WHO a decade later; E950, or Acesulfame Potassium, which is 200 times sweeter than sugar, very addictive, and is bad for the cardiovascular and nervous system; E951, or aspartame, a sugar substitute that has been linked to brain tumors, MS (Multiple Sclerosis), epilepsy, Graves disease, chronic fatigue, Alzheimers, diabetes, mental deficiency and tuberculosis; E338, or Orthophosphoric ...

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This information profile on cyclohexylamine (108918) is part of a group of 46 such profiles that provide information about chemicals or industrial processes considered to be potential occupational hazards. Each profile contains summary data on known and suspected health effects, the extent of worker exposure and the industrial importance of either a single chemical, class of chemicals, or a partic

Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by 20 individual compounds and three groups of compounds (cyclamates, saccharin and its salts, and nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts) that are known to induce tumours of the kidney or urinary bladder in rodents. As data on cancer in humans were judged inadequate for all compounds and groups of compounds, the evaluations draw on recent guidelines for determining whether the mechanisms by which a chemical exerts its carcinogenic effects in rodents are relevant to humans. Evaluations also draw on findings from studies of metabolic fate, toxic effects, reproductive and developmental effects, and genetic and related effects. Some of the compounds covered in the volume are widely used as chemical intermediates, pesticides, artificial sweeteners, and food additives. The volume also includes evaluations of the analgesic and antipyretic, paracetamol, and several naturally occurring substances in food. All but two of the compounds (meta-dichlorobenzene and ...

Whatever happened to cyclamates, the artificial sweeteners we learned to love and then, with talk of cancer, leave? How about apples sprayed with Alar, candy dyed with Red No. 3 food coloring,

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Research Summary. Mechanisms of synaptic transmission Research Description In my laboratory we combine electrical, optical, and molecular biology techniques to study mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Recently, we have investigated two topics: 1) the function of transporters that move synaptic transmitter molecules across membranes, and 2) the control of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis. Transporters are proteins that move transmitters in both directions across cell membranes. In most neurons, transporters function to uptake transmitters after release. However, in some neurons transporters also operate in the opposite direction and function in the release of transmitter. A cells membrane voltage controls the balance between uptake and release. Experiments on cloned transporters are designed to reveal the exact mechanism of how a transporter protein moves a transmitter molecule across a membrane. The control of vesicle cycling has been studied by recording the synaptic signal ...

HClO4 is the chemical formula for perchloric acid. This particular acid is classified as a strong acid because of its ionizing properties in water. Â Strong

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In both parts, the K+ cation is a Group 1 element, so we know that it does not affect the pH. The difference is in the anion. The F- anion is the conjugate base of a weak acid (HF), so that means it will lower the pH by acting as a base. For HBr, the Br- anion is the conjugate base of a strong acid ...

When each of the following strong acid/strong base reactions take place. What salt would form with these and how would you find out. HCl (aq) + KOH (aq) --| RbOH (aq) + HNO (aq) --| HClO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) --| HBr (aq) + CsOH.

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