Healthcare settings can amplify transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but knowledge gaps about the epidemiology of transmission remain. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among healthcare personnel in hospital units that treated MERS-CoV patients. Participants were interviewed about exposures to MERS-CoV patients, use of personal protective equipment, and signs and symptoms of illness after exposure. Infection status was determined by the presence of antibodies against MERS-CoV. To assess risk factors, we compared infected and uninfected participants. Healthcare personnel caring for MERS-CoV patients were at high risk for infection, but infection most often resulted in a relatively mild illness that might be unrecognized. In the healthcare personnel cohort reported here, infections occurred exclusively among those who had close contact with MERS-CoV patients.

Author affiliations: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (B.M. Alraddadi, H.S. Al-Salmi, H.H. Al-Turkistani, S.S. Al-Rehily, H.A. Alserehi, G.Y. Wali, A.N. Alshukairi); Ministry of Health, Jeddah (B.M. Alraddadi, E.I. Azhar, T.A. Madani); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (K. Jacobs-Slifka, R.B. Slayton, C.F. Estivariz, A.I. Geller, L. Haynes, D.L. Swerdlow, J.A. Jernigan); King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (E.I. Azhar, T.A. Madani) ...

Background: Patients with suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection should be hospitalized in isolation wards to avoid transmission. This suspicion can also lead to medical confusion and inappropriate management of acute respiratory syndrome due to causes other than MERS-CoV. Methods: We studied the characteristics and outcome of patients hospitalized for suspected MERS-CoV infection in the isolation wards of two referral infectious disease departments in the Paris area between January 2013 and December 2016. Results: Of 93 adult patients (49 male (52.6%), median age 63.4 years) hospitalized, 82 out of 93 adult patients had returned from Saudi Arabia, and 74 of them were pilgrims (Hajj). Chest X-ray findings were abnormal in 72 (77%) patients. The 93 patients were negative for MERS-CoV RT-PCR, and 70 (75.2%) patients had documented infection, 47 (50.5%) viral, 22 (23.6%) bacterial and one Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Microbiological analysis identified Rhinovirus (27

Detection of human cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection internationally is a global public health concern. Rigorous risk assessment is particularly challenging in a context where surveillance may be subject to under-ascertainment and a selection bias towards more severe cases. We would like to assess whether the virus is capable of causing widespread human epidemics, and whether self-sustaining transmission is already under way. Here we review possible transmission scenarios for MERS-CoV and their implications for risk assessment and control. We discuss how existing data, future investigations and analyses may help in reducing uncertainty and refining the public health risk assessment and present analytical approaches that allow robust assessment of epidemiological characteristics, even from partial and biased surveillance data. Finally, we urge that adequate data be collected on future cases to permit rigorous assessment of the transmission characteristics and

In 2012, the first cases of infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were identified. Since then, more than 1,000 cases of MERS-CoV infection have been confirmed; infection is typically associated with considerable morbidity and, in approximately 30% of cases, mortality. Currently, there is no protective vaccine available. Replication-competent recombinant measles virus (MV) expressing foreign antigens constitutes a promising tool to induce protective immunity against corresponding pathogens. Therefore, we generated MVs expressing the spike glycoprotein of MERS-CoV in its full-length (MERS-S) or a truncated, soluble variant of MERS-S (MERS-solS). The genes encoding MERS-S and MERS-solS were cloned into the vaccine strain MVvac2 genome, and the respective viruses were rescued (MVvac2-CoV-S and MVvac2-CoV-solS). These recombinant MVs were amplified and characterized at passages 3 and 10. The replication of MVvac2-CoV-S in Vero cells turned out to be comparable to ...

Since its first emergence in 2012, cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have continued to occur. In this study, we present two nucleic acid visualization assays that target the MERS-CoV UpE and N genes as a p

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: current insights Chaochao Lv,1,* Yan Xiao,1,* Xiangdong Li,1 Kegong Tian,1,2 1National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, People's Republic of China; 2College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this review Abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, can infect pigs of all ages and causes acute and watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in neonatal piglets. This disease was first observed in England in 1971 and was subsequently reported in many swine-producing countries in Europe and Asia. In contrast to the situation in Europe, the disease has remained a major cause of diarrhea outbreaks on swine farms in Asia. Since late 2010, severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) epizootics caused

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus shows poor replication but significant induction of antiviral responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic ...

Interest in porcine epidemic diarrhea has grown since the 2013 outbreak in the United States caused major losses, with mortality rates up to 100 % in suckling piglets. In Mexico, an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea, characterized by 100 % mortality in piglets, began in March 2014 in the State of Mexico. The aim of this study was to confirm and identify porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in samples from piglets with suggestive clinical signs using virological, histological, and molecular techniques. Necropsy was performed on 13 piglets from two litters with initial and advanced clinical signs. Suggestive lesions of acute infection with PEDV were detected in histological sections of the small and large bowels; specifically, multiple virus particles with visible crown-shaped projections were observed using electron microscopy and negative staining. Viral isolation was performed in Vero cells with trypsin. Infection was monitored by observation of cytopathic effect, and titration was ...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus) This article is about the virus. For the disease, see Middle East respiratory syndrome. For the outbreak, see 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak. For general about the virus, see Coronavirus. MERS-CoV MERS-CoV particles…

Recently-emerged coronaviruses include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus that caused outbreaks of respiratory disease in humans in 2002-2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus identified in 2012. Contemporary work suggests that bat and bird species are the natural reservoirs of coronaviruses.. Five coronaviruses are recognized in swine: three alphacoronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)), one betacoronavirus (porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)), and one species of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV).. PEDV, TGEV and PDCoV primarily cause enteric infections in pigs. PRCV is the result of deletion and mutation of the spike gene of TGEV. This virus has a predilection for the respiratory tract, but also has the capacity to produce enteric disease. In contrast, PHEV infection (vomiting and wasting disease) produces encephalomyelitis, rather than ...

Looking for online definition of Coronavirus infections in the Medical Dictionary? Coronavirus infections explanation free. What is Coronavirus infections? Meaning of Coronavirus infections medical term. What does Coronavirus infections mean?

During the summer of 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a hitherto unknown coronavirus (CoV) was isolated from the sputum of a patient with acute pneumonia and renal failure (1, 2). The isolate was provisionally called human coronavirus Erasmus Medical Center (EMC) (3). Shortly thereafter, in September 2012, the same type of virus, named human coronavirus England 1, was recovered from a patient with severe respiratory illness who had been transferred from the Gulf region of the Middle East to London, United Kingdom (4) (GenBank accession no. KC164505.2). The onset of the new disease was traced back to an even earlier time point. Already in April 2012, a cluster of pneumonia cases in health care workers had occurred in an intensive care unit of a hospital in Zarqa, Jordan (5). Two persons died, both of whom were confirmed to have been infected with the novel coronavirus through a retrospective analysis of stored samples (6). These findings met with considerable concern. Although the number of ...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects pigs and can have mortality rates approaching 100% in piglets, causing serious economic impact. The 3C-like protease (3CL pro) is essential for the coronaviral life cycle and is an appealing target for the development of therapeutics. We report the expression, purification, crystallization and 2.10 angstrom X-ray structure of 3CL pro from PEDV. Analysis of the PEDV 3CL pro structure and comparison to other coronaviral 3CL pros from the same alpha-coronavirus phylogeny shows that the overall structures and active site architectures across 3CL pros are conserved, with the exception of a loop that comprises the protease S-2 pocket. We found a known inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL pro, (R)-16, to have inhibitor activity against PEDV 3CL pro, despite that SARS-3CL pro and PEDV 3CL pro share only 45.4% sequence identity. Structural comparison reveals that the majority of residues involved ...

Coronaviruses are common viruses that can affect humans and animals. Coronaviruses are medium-sized enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses whose name comes from their characteristic crown-like appearance in electron micrographs. Coronaviruses are widespread among birds and mammals, with bats being the largest host of various genotypes1. Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s2. There are two genera of human coronaviruses: alpha coronaviruses and beta coronaviruses. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus/MERS-CoV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus/SARS-CoV are examples of beta coronaviruses. Human coronaviruses probably account for 5 to 10 percent of all acute upper respiratory tract infections in adults1.. Seasonally, coronaviruses are ubiquitous. In temperate climates, coronavirus respiratory infections occur primarily in the winter although sometimes these infections can peak in the fall or spring1.. ...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious disease characterized by vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence in pigs of all ages. Mortality in young piglets is generally less common than in transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE).

The USDA has reported another 296 cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) last week. That brings the number of cases in the last 10 months to 4,757. The disease was first reported in the U.S. hog population in May 2013, with animals in 27 states infected. Unfortunately, each case report can mean just one animal has been sickened, or an entire herd at one farm is sick. The virus, which is deadly for baby pigs, doesnt affect adult hogs. The disease has killed more than 4 million piglets in this country since May 2013. This is most likely going to cause dramatic price increases at the consumer level in the next year, since hog prices are at record highs.The USDAs estimate of hog slaughter on March 21, 2014 was 360,000, down 51,000 head from a week ago. Scientists say that the … [Read more...] ...

Urriola, Pedro E.. (2014). Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Feed - What We Know and What We Dont Know. University of Minnesota. Minnesota Extension Service. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/204514. ...

On 18 April 2014, the Ministry of Health in Greece reported one laboratory-confirmed case of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This is the first case of MERS-CoV infection in Greece.

What are coronaviruses?. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can infect humans or animals. Sometimes an animal coronavirus can change so that it can infect people and become a human coronavirus. There are seven known types of human coronaviruses. Four types (229E, NL63, OC43, and KHU1) are common and cause mild to moderate respiratory infections, like the common cold. Two types, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), can cause severe respiratory infections. The seventh type (SARS-CoV-2) is the newest coronavirus. It first emerged in the Wuhan Province in China in December 2019. The infectious respiratory disease caused by this virus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019, or more commonly COVID-19.. Who gets coronavirus infections?. Most people become infected with coronaviruses that cause the common cold at some point during their lives. These infections often occur in the fall or winter.. The initial ...

WHO has issued Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - update. Excerpt: On 24 April 2014, the National IHR Focal Point (NFP) of Jordan reported a laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in a 28 year-old...

WHO has convened an Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations (IHR) to advise the Director-General on the status of the current situation. The Emergency Committee, which comprises international experts from all WHO Regions, unanimously advised that, with the information now available, and using a risk-assessment approach, the conditions for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) have not at present been met. ...

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An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the

BROOKINGS - South Dakota swine producers and veterinarians have been closely monitoring the developments surrounding Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) virus infections over the past several months.

We investigated the kinetics of serologic responses to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection by using virus neutralization and MERS-CoV S1 IgG ELISA tests. In most patients, robust antibody responses developed by the third week of illness. Delayed antibody responses with …

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lineage C betacoronavirus that since its emergence in 2012 has caused outbreaks in human populations with case-fatality rates of ∼36%. As in other coronaviruses, the spike (S) glycoprotein of MERS-CoV mediates receptor recognition and membrane fusion and is the primary target of the humoral immune response during infection. Here we use structure-based design to develop a generalizable strategy for retaining coronavirus S proteins in the antigenically optimal prefusion conformation and demonstrate that our engineered immunogen is able to elicit high neutralizing antibody titers against MERS-CoV. We also determined high-resolution structures of the trimeric MERS-CoV S ectodomain in complex with G4, a stem-directed neutralizing antibody. The structures reveal that G4 recognizes a glycosylated loop that is variable among coronaviruses and they define four conformational states of the trimer wherein each receptor-binding domain is either ...

The recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe and fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. However, no prophylactic and therapeutic agents specifically against MERS-CoV are currently available. Entry of MERS-CoV into target cells depends on binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral envelope spike glycoprotein to the cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). We report the isolation and characterization of two potent human RBD-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MERS-4 and MERS-27) derived from single-chain variable region fragments of a nonimmune human antibody library. MERS-4 and MERS-27 inhibited infection of both pseudotyped and live MERS-CoV with IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) at nanomolar concentrations. MERS-4 also showed inhibitory activity against syncytia formation mediated by interaction between MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein and DPP4. Combination of MERS-4 and MERS-27 demonstrated a synergistic ...

The ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin for epidemiologists and health professionals on active public health threats. This issue covers the period from 4-10 November 2018 and includes updates on Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), measles, influenza, influenza A(H5N6), West Nile virus, Ebola virus disease, dengue and malaria. ...

The ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin for epidemiologists and health professionals on active public health threats. This issue covers the period from 4-10 November 2018 and includes updates on Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), measles, influenza, influenza A(H5N6), West Nile virus, Ebola virus disease, dengue and malaria. ...

Professor Paul Kellam of Imperial College London is an expert on the genetics of viruses. His team delivered the genome analysis that helped to tackle a previous coronavirus outbreak, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, known as Mers.. Each time a coronavirus moves from one person to the next, there is a slight genetic mutation, says Prof Kellam, allowing researchers to map its family tree.. So when a version of the virus is analysed from any new location, it is possible to see how it compares with samples from the original outbreak in Wuhan, or its relationship to other offshoots of the virus in other countries.. Researchers in Milan reported that the version of the coronavirus in Lombardy matched an outbreak in Germany, centred on a businessman from Munich who had met a woman from Shanghai carrying the virus.. This would mean that while the Italian authorities were closing the air routes from China, the virus could have already arrived from Germany.. There were questions about ...

Dromedaries in Africa and elsewhere carry the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). To search for evidence of autochthonous MERS-CoV infection in humans, we tested archived serum from livestock handlers in Kenya for MERS-CoV antibodies. Serologic evidence of infection was confirmed for 2 persons sampled in 2013 and 2014 ...

Summary_MERS-CoV_15Apr15_final.pdf (573.1 KB) Recent evolution patterns of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Mazin A. Barry MD1, Sarah S. Al Subaie MD[2], Ali M. Somily MD[3], Abdulaziz A. Bin…

LAGOS State Government, alerted its indigenes traveling to other parts of the world with confirmed cases of coronavirus infections - a severe, life-threatening respiratory disease - to take adequate precautions to protect themselves from the infection. The coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV, is currently ravaging countries in the Middle East and…

Since the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012, there have been more than 2,400 confirmed cases of the infection, resulting in greater than 800 deaths - an alarming fatality rate of 35 percent. For this reason, researchers have been eager to identify any risk factors that contribute to the development of severe or lethal disease. Current clinical evidence points to diabetes as a major risk factor in addition to other comorbidities including kidney disease, heart disease, and lung disease.. Researchers from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have demonstrated in a new study, published earlier this week in the Journal of Clinical Investigation Insights, how diabetes contributes to mortality from MERS-CoV infections, and the finding could shed light on why other respiratory illnesses like the flu or pneumonia might strike those with diabetes more severely.. They ...

FRIDAY, Sept. 4, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Theres evidence that low blood levels of the sunshine vitamin -- vitamin D -- may increase a persons risk of infection with the new coronavirus, researchers say.. Vitamin D is important to the function of the immune system and vitamin D supplements have previously been shown to lower the risk of viral respiratory tract infections, said study lead author Dr. David Meltzer. Hes chief of hospital medicine at the University of Chicago Medicine.. For the new study, Meltzers team tracked coronavirus infections among 489 patients whose vitamin D levels were measured within a year before they were tested for the new coronavirus.. While the study couldnt determine cause and effect, patients with an untreated vitamin D deficiency (blood levels of less than 20 ng/mL) were nearly two times more likely to test positive for the coronavirus than patients with sufficient vitamin D levels, the researchers said.. Our statistical analysis suggests this may be ...

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea sounds incredibly unpleasant. The disease first showed up in the United States last year, and thanks to the cold weather nationwide has showed up in 27 states. What is it, and should humans be worried? Not unless you own any hogs or you have a tight budget for meat for the next year or two.. The disease, PEDv for short, is a virus that sounds a lot like the stomach bugs that we humans get. The trouble is that its incredibly dangerous for piglets, killing up to 80-100% of babies that are infected. Its less deadly for adult pigs, but still pretty deadly. In the last year, PEDv has killed four to five million pigs in less than a year. While it has absolutely no impact on food safety, it has clear implications for the pork industry in terms of supplying pork to consumers, the president of the National Pork Board said in a statement. Experts say that theres no food safety danger-PEDv cant infect humans, Its not at all related to swine flu, which did infect humans ...

WHO immediately alerted all its Member States about the novel coronavirus and has been leading the coordination of and providing guidance to health authorities and technical health agencies. A joint Republic of Korea-WHO high-level mission was undertaken in June 2015 with the aim of gaining information and reviewing the situation. The team has also assessed the public health response efforts and provided its recommendations.. The IHR Emergency Committee convened by the WHO Director-General held its ninth meeting regarding MERS-CoV on 16 June 2015. The Committee concluded that the conditions for a public health emergency of international concern have not been met. WHO/Europe will continue to provide input to all aspects of this response, including participating in risk assessment, providing support to Member States that have had cases, supporting surveillance and laboratory capacities and disseminating information.. WHO/Europe in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and ...

That changed with the 2002 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak that eventually killed some 8,000 people with a fatality rate of 10 percent.. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 was 34 percent fatal.. Koff and Berkley wrote there was a risk that SARS-CoV-2 may mutate in ways that will render current vaccines less effective - as has already been seen with the South African variant - or even become ineffective.. Moreover, the potential is growing for other coronaviruses to jump the species barrier.. Modern agricultural practices, viral evolution, and relentless human encroachment on the natural environment mean there is an increasing risk of people encountering previously isolated animal populations that harbor new strains with pandemic potential, they said.. With human migration, population growth, urbanization, rapid global travel, and climate change hastening the spread, it has never been easier for outbreaks to turn into epidemics and escalate into pandemics.. On the other hand, ...

During the course of this project, we witnessed the emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV is associated with severe respiratory disease and has an exceptionally high case fatality of approximately 40%. Initially, it was not known either how efficiently the MERS-CoV could replicate on the human airway epithelium or whether any measures were available to inhibit MERS-CoV replication in the human airway epithelium, indeed, even the nature of the target cell(s) was unknown. Since primary HAE-cultures were immediately at our command, we could participate in a number of international studies. We were the first to demonstrate that MERS-CoV can efficiently replicate on the primary human epithelium, which highlights its zoonotic potential (2).. Importantly, the treatment of MERS-CoV-infected HAE-cultures with interferon-alpha and interferon-lambda significantly reduced viral replication. Hence, this strategy opens up a therapeutic option for MERS-CoV patients ...

The global novel coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) issue has posed significant threats to international human health and the economy, human are fighting this novel coronavirus together. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting novel coronavirus (COVID‐19).

Via InterAksyon.com, a PNA report: PH remains MERS-CoV free, but health check continues - DOH. Excerpt: Over a month after a returning overseas Filipino worker (OFW) initially tested positive for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the Department of Health...

The United States Department of Agricultures Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Monday issued a conditional license to Harrisvaccines,

Merck Animal Health and Harrisvaccines, Inc. announced the companies have entered into an agreement under which Merck Animal Health will acquire Harrisvaccines, a privately-held company …. ...

Between 12 and 16 October 2014, the National IHR Focal Point for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) notified WHO of 5 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 2 deaths.

Between 13 and 14 March 2016, the National IHR Focal Point for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia notified WHO of 4 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. One of these reported cases is linked to the MERS-CoV outbreak currently occurring in a hospital in Buraidah city.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank the members of the Department of Clinical Nursing and the Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for their assistance. They also thank the following persons: From the King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh: Sameera Johani, MD, Division of Microbiology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Abdullah Ghamdi, MD, Department of Cardiac Sciences; Ghassan A. Al-Ghamdi, MD, Intensive Care Department and Assistant Professor, College of Medicine; Saqib I. Dara, MD, Intensive Care Department; Raed A. Hijazi, MD, Emergency Medicine; Olivia A. Trinidad, RRT, Edgardo Tabhan, RRT, and Charina Olay, RRT, all Respiratory Therapist I, Respiratory Services. From the King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa: Yusri Taha, MD, and Mohammed Ayman El Gammal, MD, Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Abdulsalam Al-Aithan, MD, Pulmonary & Intensive Care Medicine. From the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards. AU - Kim, Sung Han. AU - Chang, So Young. AU - Sung, Minki. AU - Park, Ji Hoon. AU - Kim, Hong Bin. AU - Lee, Heeyoung. AU - Choi, Jae Phil. AU - Choi, Won Suk. AU - Min, Ji Young. N1 - Funding Information: Financial support. This work was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health &Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number HI15C2774). This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF grant number 2014K1A4A7A01074646) funded by the Korea government and by the Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion Middle East respiratory syndrome grant funded by Gyeonggi-do. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. ...

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory disease and systemic dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the patients. After MERS-CoV was first diagnosed in the South Korea, in May 2015, it affected 186 individuals and claimed 37 lives in short span of time (case fatality rate = 19.9%). Compared to MERS-CoV in the Middle East, MERS-CoV in South Korea appeared to be more transmissible, and induced multiple human-to-human transmission. These knowledge gaps caused the failure of early prevention, and disseminated MERS-CoV brought out a great loss of lives and economy. The MERS-CoV outbreak revealed the potential weakness of public health system in South Korea, and promoted the reestablishment of preventive strategies for imported infectious diseases. In these regards, we analyzed the potential for additional import of re-emerged and emerging infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya fever and hepatitis A, from Africa ...

Clinicians, laboratories and public health practitioners should be aware that many Muslims from Australia will travel to Saudi Arabia in October to undertake the Hajj between 13 and 18 October, and may travel at other times to undertake the Umrah. Health professionals should be aware of the possibility of cases in travellers returning from the Hajj which ends on 18 October 2013.. The Saudi Ministry of Health recommends that elderly people and those with chronic diseases such as heart disease, kidney disease, respiratory disease and diabetes, as well as patients with congenital and acquired immune deficiency diseases, cancer patients, pregnant women and children, defer travel to Saudi Arabia for the Umrah and Hajj this year.. WHO advises that that pre-existing major medical conditions (e.g. chronic diseases such as diabetes or chronic bronchitis, immunodeficiency) can increase the likelihood of medical problems, including MERS-CoV infection, during travel; thus, pilgrims should consult their ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell host response to infection with novel human coronavirus EMC predicts potential antivirals and important differences with SARS coronavirus. AU - Josset, Laurence. AU - Menachery, Vineet D.. AU - Gralinski, Lisa E.. AU - Agnihothram, Sudhakar. AU - Sova, Pavel. AU - Carter, Victoria S.. AU - Yount, Boyd L.. AU - Graham, Rachel L.. AU - Baric, Ralph S.. AU - Katzea, Michael G.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - A novel human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC) was recently identified in the Middle East as the causative agent of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) resembling the illness caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Although derived from the CoV family, the two viruses are genetically distinct and do not use the same receptor. Here, we investigated whether HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV induce similar or distinct host responses after infection of a human lung epithelial cell line. HCoV-EMC was able to replicate as efficiently as SARS-CoV in Calu-3 cells and similarly induced minimal ...

Rapid-response platforms are needed to control newly emerging virus pathogens. MERS-CoV likely emerged in the Middle East from exotic animals, perhaps bats, although the exact timing and origins of this pathogen in human populations remains unclear and is under study. MERS-CoV has caused 54 deaths at the time of writing (∼50% mortality), including documented instances of human-to-human transmission (3, 8). Therefore, the epidemic potential of MERS-CoV is high and its biology, life cycle, gene function, and pathogenic mechanisms clearly warrant additional study.. Developing full-length infectious cDNAs of emerging RNA viruses is assisted by the availability of high-throughput sequencing, gene synthesis, and the use of class II/IIS restriction endonucleases that allow seamless assembly of consensus synthetic cDNA fragments into full-length infectious cDNAs. In this instance, we synthesized a molecular clone from the published sequence, assembled full-length genomes, and isolated recombinant ...

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, requires initial isolation in, and adaptation to, chicken embryos (CE) before transfer to primary avian cell and chicken tracheal organ cultures. These are the only presently known cell cultures in which IBV replicates and produces cytopathic effects (c.p.e.) in serial passage (Estola, 1966; Cunningham, 1970). Monkey kidney cells have been reported (Fahey & Crawley, 1956; Steele & Luginbuhl, 1964) to support relication of IBV without c.p.e. when first inoculated with virus propagated in CE. Attempts apparently were not made to passage the virus in these cells. Direct haemagglutination (HA) is not a normal property of IBV (Biswal, Nazerian & Cunningham, 1966) or of the human coronaviruses (Kapikian, 1969). However, human coronaviruses OC 38 and OC 43 adapted to suckling mouse brain (McIntosh et al. 1969) cause direct HA (Kaye & Dowdle, 1969) and produce syncytia and plaques in African green monkey kidney and BSC-1 cells (Bruckova,

Discussion. The novel coronavirus is a member of the β coronavirus type, with humans as the host. Since the first human coronavirus (HCoV) was isolated from the nasal secretions of patients with the common cold in 1965, six different strains of CoV are known to infect humans. These CoV strains include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the common cold viruses in individuals with strong immunity (such as 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1).1 This novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has more than 85% homology with the previously detected bat coronavirus (a SARS-related coronavirus species, that is, SARS coronavirus). However, there are clear differences in the genetic characteristics of COVID-19 compared with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.5. Through observation of the current global epidemic situation, we can demonstrate the infectivity and pathogenicity of COVID-19. To the treatment of COVID-19, the main treatment is antiviral therapy, ...

Infectious bronchitis, a disease of chickens caused by Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), leads to severe economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Various attempts to control the virus based on vaccination strategies are performed. However, due to the emergence of novel genotypes, an effective control of the virus is hindered. In 1996, a novel viral genotype named IBV-QX was reported for the first time in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. The first appearance of an IBV-QX isolate in Europe was reported between 2003 and 2004 in The Netherlands. Subsequently, infections with this genotype were found in several other European countries such as France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Slovenia, and Sweden. The present report describes the use of a new set of degenerate primers that amplify a 636-bp fragment within the S1 gene by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the occurrence of IBV-QX infection in Switzerland. ...

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the type species of the family Coronaviridae (Siddell et al., 1983). It has a large positive-stranded RNA genome which has been estimated at 20-24 kilobases...

The epididymal region of the rooster consists of the rete testes, the efferent ductules and the epididymal duct. In the epididymal region, the spermatozoa gain the ability to move and acquire surface proteins. The specialized microenvironment of the epididymal region is vital for these developments to occur. A dysfunction of the epididymal region, epididymal stones, has been shown to affect fertility in the rooster. The cause of these epididymal stones was investigated and avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) has been identified as a cause. AIBV is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. The pathogenesis of AIBV in the female reproductive tract has been well studied; however, there have been few studies concerning the effects of AIBV on the rooster reproductive tract. Therefore this investigation was undertaken to identify the role of AIBV in epididymal stone formation and to characterize changes in seminal plasma composition. Specific objectives were: (1) to determine if AIBV ...

ARTICLE:. J Dyall et al. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy DOI: 10.1128/AAC.03036-14 (2014).. WHO:. NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci., M.D., is available to comment on this research. Co-author Lisa Hensley, Ph.D., associate director for science, NIAID Integrated Research Facility, is also available to discuss the findings.. CONTACT:. To schedule interviews, please contact Anne A. Oplinger, (301) 402-1663, [email protected].. For additional information about research on MERS and other coronaviruses by NIAID scientists and grantees, see: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/coronavirus/Pages/default.aspx.. The study was funded, in part, by NIAID grant AI095569.. NIAID conducts and supports research-at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide-to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating ...

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, it has since spread to the U.S.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. First reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012, it has since spread to the U.S.

Background Korea failed in its risk communication during the early stage of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak; consequently, it faced difficulties in managing MERS, while disease-related worry increased. Disease-related worry can help disease prevention and management, but can also have a detrimental effect. This study measured the overall level of disease-related worry during the MERS outbreak period in Korea and the influencing factors and levels of disease-related worry during key outbreak periods. Methods The cross-sectional survey included 1,000 adults who resided in Korea. An ordinal logistic regression was performed for the overall level of MERS-related worry, and influencing factors of worry were analyzed. A reliability test was performed on the levels of MERS-related worry during key outbreak periods. Results The overall level of MERS-related worry was 2.44. Multivariate analysis revealed that women and respondents w very poor subjective health status had higher levels of

1. Matsuyama R, Nishiura H, Kutsuna S, Hayakawa K, Ohmagari N. Clinical determinants of the severity of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2016 Nov 29;16(1):1203.. 2. Dinh L, Chowell G, Mizumoto K, Nishiura H. Estimating the subcritical transmissibility of the Zika outbreak in the State of Florida, USA, 2016. Theor Biol Med Model. 2016 Nov 9;13(1):20.. 3. Nah K, Otsuki S, Chowell G, Nishiura H. Predicting the international spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 22;16:356. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1675-z.. 4. Otsuki S, Nishiura H. Reduced Risk of Importing Ebola Virus Disease because of Travel Restrictions in 2014: A Retrospective Epidemiological Modeling Study. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 22;11(9):e0163418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163418.. 5. Nishiura H, Mizumoto K, Rock KS, Yasuda Y, Kinoshita R, Miyamatsu Y. A theoretical estimate of the risk of microcephaly during pregnancy with Zika virus infection. ...

A collaborative team from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Saudi Arabia and Canada developed a potent and safe vaccine that protects against the deadly Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS.

Comments, concepts and statistics about Healthcare worker infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Korea, 2015.

Background Viral load kinetics and duration of viral shedding are important determinants for disease transmission. We aimed to characterise viral load dynamics, duration of viral RNA shedding, and viable virus shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various body fluids, and to compare SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral dynamics. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, medRxiv, and bioRxiv, and the grey literature, for research articles published between Jan 1, 2003, and June 6, 2020. We included case series (with five or more participants), cohort studies, and randomised controlled trials that reported SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection, and reported viral load kinetics, duration of viral shedding, or viable virus. Two authors independently extracted data from published studies, or contacted authors to request ...

Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent administered intravenously, was developed and studied as a potential treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infection. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies found antiviral activity for remdesivir against corona-like viruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), the circulating human coronaviruses HCoV-OC42 and HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the effectiveness of remdesivir is being tested as a treatment for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and has been authorized for emergency use for treating COVID-19, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the United States, and in other countries. The American College of Physicians (ACP) Scientific Medical Policy Committee (SMPC) based these rapid and living practice points on a systematic evidence review conducted by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Evidence Synthesis Program in Minneapolis,

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major respiratory disease-causing agent in birds that leads to significant losses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialised cells responsible for sampling antigens and presenting them to T cells, which also play an essential role in recognising and neutralising viruses. Recent studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs may regulate the functional program of DCs. Expression of host non-coding RNAs changes markedly during infectious bronchitis virus infection, but their role in regulating host immune function has not been explored. Here, microarrays of mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were globally performed to analyse how avian DCs respond to IBV. First, we found that IBV stimulation did not enhance the maturation ability of avian DCs. Interestingly, inactivated IBV was better able than IBV to induce DC maturation and activate lymphocytes. We identified 1093 up-regulated and 845 down-regulated mRNAs in IBV-infected avian DCs. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that

Title: Two New Cases of MERS Coronavirus reported in Saudi Arabia.. Subject: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Saudi Arabia, daily update.. Source: Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, full page: (LINK).. Code: [ ]. _____. MOH: 2 New Confirmed Coronavirus Cases Recorded. ___ New Cases Reported: [Sex, Age, Citizenship, Resident in, Health Status, Note ...

Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is a positive-stranded RNA virus, which synthesises a 3-coterminal nested set of six subgenomic RNAs. Subgenomic RNA transcription and genome replication are...

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is divided into genotypes A-H based on genetic recombination including the spike (S) gene. To investigate the longitudinal transition of phylogenetic feature of HCoV-OC43 S gene in a community, phylogenetic analysis of the S1 region of S gene was conducted using 208 strains detected in Yamagata during 2010-2017 with reference strains of genotype. The S1 sequences were divisible into four groups: A-D. All Yamagata strains belonged to either group B or group D. In group B, 46 (90.2%) out of 51 Yamagata strains were clustered with those of genotype E reference strains (cluster E). In group D, 28 (17.8%) and 122 (77.7%) out of 157 Yamagata strains were clustered respectively with genotype F and genotype G reference strains. In cluster G, 28 strains formed a distinct cluster. Monthly distributions of HCoV-OC43 in Yamagata in 2010-2017 revealed that group B and group D appeared one after another. In group B, the cluster E strains were prevalent recurrently. In ...

As more companies send employees on global travel, its important for safety and health managers to have a proper infection control system. If an employee contracts an infectious disease, the possibility of spreading it throughout the company could develop into a serious problem for the employer.. For instance, between November 2002 and July 2003, an outbreak of a terrible viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus occurred in South China. This disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), was on the verge of becoming a pandemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 8,098 cases and 774 deaths worldwide. In general, SARS begins with a high fever and can lead to other symptoms such as headaches, an overall feeling of discomfort and body aches. The illness spread to more than two dozen countries before the 2003 outbreak was contained.. In April 2012, a new coronavirus emerged in the Middle East: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ...

A virus isolated from a respiratory disease in chickens was identified as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). By serum neutralisation tests the virus was shown to be serologically distinct from the Massachusetts type but to possess a one-way relationship with the Connecticut type. Experimentally, it caused a relatively mild respiratory disease in baby chicks. Vaccination of young chicks with H-120 Massachusetts IBV vaccine afforded a high degree of protection against challenge with the isolate. Some problems relating to the isolation and classification of field strains of IBV are briefly discussed.. ...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a grave threat to public health and the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the more lethal but less transmissible coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we have carried out comparative viral-human protein-protein interaction and viral protein ...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a grave threat to public health and the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the more lethal but less transmissible coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we have carried out comparative viral-human protein-protein interaction and viral protein ...

The Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health (MOH) has reported a new case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in a citizen of Riyadh,

Under freezing conditions (−10 °C) an AHP disinfectant prepared in a 10% PG solution inactivated PEDV in the presence of feces on metal surfaces. Both AHP disinfectant dilutions (1:16 and 1:32), and contact times (40 min and 60 min) evaluated were sufficient to inactivate PEDV at either fecal load (5 mL and 10 mL), under the conditions of this study. Bioassay results from this study support previous work where the same AHP disinfectant successfully inactivated PEDV in swine feces on metal surfaces at 20 °C [13]. Findings from this study demonstrate that manually removing the organic material from a trailer via scraping and then applying an AHP disinfectant may be an effective alternative to doing nothing between loads, year round. Additionally, mixing the AHP disinfectant in a 10% PG solution prevented the disinfectant solution from freezing during 40 or 60 min of contact time in a freezer set to -10 °C, supporting previously published data on utilizing PG as an anti-freezing agent [10, ...

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 marked the second introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. The continuing introductions of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels, the subsequent travel-related vira …

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Every virus needs a catchy name, and now the new coronavirus linked to the Middle East that has infected 40 people and killed half of them has one: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus or (MERS-CoV). Various scientists have been calling it MERS,

The Ministry of Health (MOH} of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Worl.d Health Organization (WHO) wish to inform the public that currently, there is no case related to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus (MERS-CoV) infections and the Ebola Virus Disease have been detected in Cambodia, so far.. 1. MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that causes acute respiratory illness in infected patients. The virus was first reported by the WHO in 2012, and thus far all cases worldwide remained associated with the Arabian Peninsula. The risk of a MERS-CoV outbreak in Cambodia remains low as sustained human-to-human transmission of the virus has not been reported.. The MOHs Department of Communicable Disease Control has, since 2013, been conducting MERS-CoV dissemination workshops in close collaboration with religious leaders, for communities at risk, that cover actions that should be undertaken by pilgrims betore, during and after their Hajj and Umrah pilgrhnages to the Middle East. There is ...