OBJECTIVES: To compare the marginal ridge fracture strength of Class II composite resin restorations placed with a straight or contoured matrix band using composite resins with different modulus of elasticity. METHODS: In 60 artificial first molars standardized MO-preparations were ground. Two matrix systems were used: (1) A straight matrix (Standard Tofflemire Matrix, KerrHawe) in Tofflemire retainer (Produits Dentaire). (2) A contoured matrix (Standard matrix, Palodent, Dentsply). In both groups, a wooden wedge and separation ring (Composi-Tight Gold, GDS) were placed and the matrix was burnished against the adjacent tooth. Three composite resins together were used (Filtek Supreme: e-modulus 13.3 GPa (3M ESPE), Clearfil AP-X: 16.6 GPa (Kuraray) and Clearfil Majesty Posterior: 22.0 GPa (Kuraray)), resulting in six groups (n=10). Teeth were mounted into a MTS servo hydraulic testing machine (Mini Bionix II, MTS, USA) with stylus placed on the marginal ridge. Samples were loaded at a crosshead ...

INTRODUCTION. Light-cured composite resins are being more used specially because they are aesthetically advantageous and enable to be polymerized by physical and chemical activators8,30. However, the crucial point to be reached during restorative dentistry procedures with composite resins is to obtain satisfactory restorations with an adequate light activation technique24.. Composites consist mainly of filler particles and a resin matrix based on different monomers6. Currently, the most widely marketed composite resins are based on the polymerization of bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)25. The curing process occurs in the organic matrix where there is a monomer-polymer conversion through an activation mechanism8. However, an insufficient degree of conversion directly affects the physical properties and chemical stability of material8. Polymers used in the composition of composite resins may absorb water and chemicals from the oral environment ...

prepared on newly extracted teeth, and divided into the following groups: - First group: 10 samples of the total etch bonding agent [excite] with [Tetric ceram] composite resin were used. - Second group: 10 samples of the one step self etch bonding agent [one up bond f] with [estelite] composite resin were used. - Third group: 10 samples of the two step self etch bonding agent [Tyrian spe-one step] with [renew] composite resin were used. - Fourth group: 10 samples of the one step self etch bonding agent [Adper prompt L pop] with [z250] composite resin were used. All the laboratory samples were immersed in physiological serum for a week and exposed to 150 thermal cycles, All the samples then were stained with methylene blue, sectioned and studied with computer connected to the scanner. There was significant difference in the leakage levels between the gingival and the occlusal area. The leakage in the gingival wall was greater than in the occlusal wall. - The total etch adhesive [Excite] was ...

To evaluate the effect of nonvital bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite resin using three adhesive systems. Two hundred seventy bovine teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n = 90): SP, paste of sodium perborate and water; CP, 37% carbamide peroxide; CO, control group (no treatment). After the bleaching treatment, the teeth in each group were cut into enamel (E) and dentin (D) sections. The teeth were embedded in polyester resin and polished in order to obtain a flat E or D surface. Each group was divided into 6 subgroups (n = 15) according to substrate (E and D) and adhesive system: SB, Single Bond (solvent: water/alcohol); PB, Prime & Bond NT (solvent: acetone); CLF, Clearfil SE Bond (solvent: water). The adhesive system was applied on each flat surface according to the manufacturer s instructions and a cylinder of composite resin Z-250 was overlaid. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 7 days at 37 C. The SBS test was performed in a universal testing machine with crosshead ...

The A1U10 group showed significantly lower mean hardness than the other two groups (A1U20 and A1U40) for the U surface of this composite resin shade (A1) (£0.05). At the L surface of A1 shade a significantly higher mean hardness was found at 40 s irradiation time (A1L40) than for the A1L10 and A1L20 groups, which means that values were also statistically different (p£0.05). Both surfaces (U and L) of A3 shade composite revealed significantly greater mean hardness values at 40 s curing time, followed by the 20-s and the 10-s curing time groups (p£0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between U and L surfaces of each composite shade-IT combination (p=0.0001) and among the irradiation times of same shade-surface combination (p=0.0001), except between A1U20 and A1U40 groups. DISCUSSION. The polymerization of light-cured composite resins starts and is sustained when the rate of delivery photons from the source of light is sufficient to maintain the photo-absorbing compound, ...

This manuscript describes dental compositions contain in-organic fillers, multifunctional methacrylates and photoinitiators. The main problem by application and UV curing process is the shrinkage of photoreactive dental materials during and after UV curing process. Total shrinkage of UV curable dental composites is a phenomenon of polymerization shrinkage, typical behavior for multifunctional methacrylates during polymerization process. The important factors by curing of dental composites are: kind and concentration of used methacrylates, their functionality, double bond concentration, kind and concentration of added photoinitiator and UV dose. They are investigated UV-curable dental compositions based on 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryxloyloxypropyl)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and containing such multifunctional monomers as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T3EGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate ...

BackgroundLight curing of resin composite is associated with a thermal rise that may have harmful effect on the health of the vital pulp. In addition, desirable polymerization is important to achieve mechanical properties and clinical function. The purpose of this in‑vitro study was to compare the thermal rise under normal dentin during photopolymerization and degree of conversion (DC) of bulk fill and conventional resin composite using continuous high‑ and soft‑start mode.Materials and MethodsIn this in‑vitro study, Cl I cavities with a dimension of 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm and remaining dentin thickness of 1 mm were prepared on 56 extracted human molars. The temperature rise during the light curing of conventional resin composite (Tetric N Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) by incremental filling technique and bulk‑fill resin composite (Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) by bulk‑filling technique were measured with a K‑type thermocouple wire. DC of both resin composites was measured

Solitaire composite resin: a condensable composite resin that can be placed 67% faster than conventional hybrid composite resins & produces superior interproximal contacts

composite board uses composite photo board article composite photo boards are made from an alloy or polymer blend of the metal elements of the composite.. This composite material has the capacity to bend and flex, and is often referred to as a stiff composite.. The materials themselves are relatively light, weighing less than 0.1 lb.. The composite boards composite composite metal component is usually comprised of aluminum and plastic composite elements.. The metal components are combined with a resin or plastic resin mixture to form a composite material.. The resin/polymer resin mixture is often combined with other composite materials to make composite composite components.. Composite board uses aluminum composite board composite composite photo panel composite photo photo board composite photo article composite boards typically use the same metal composite components as composite photo.. Composite photo boards have a similar metal component composition as composite board.. The aluminum ...

The exposure of dentin to the oral environment leads to dentinal sensitivity, the treatment of which exposes the substrate to various substances that can alter its interaction with adhesive restorative materials. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the prior use of desensitizing agents interferes with the bond strength of resin restorative materials. A total of 48 molars were divided into six groups, according to conventional application (CV) of the adhesive systems Scotchbond Multipurpose (SB) and Clearfil SE Bond (CF) and their association with bioglass (BG/Biosilicate®) or arginine (AR/Sensitive Pro-Relief/TM). Bond strength was assessed by a microshear mechanical test, using a composite resin as restorative material (Filtek Z350 XT). Mechanical testing was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine, and the data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (α = 0.05). The bond strength (MPa) was 17.03 for SBCV; 21.19 for SBAR; 26.24 for SBBG; 21.37 for

Dental adhesive system formulations fundamentally contain resin monomers, polymerization initiators, inhibitors or stabilizers, solvents and sometimes inorganic fillers . According to their chemical structures, these components may exhibit hydrophobic or hydrophilic behavior . The hydrophilic components, such as 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), are required to increase monomer infiltration into wet and demineralized dentin . However, the hydrophobic components used in these materials, such as bisphenol A glycidyldimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), are known to be responsible for enhancing the mechanical properties of the formulation and its compatibility with restorative composites or resin cements . Resin monomer infiltration into the spaces around exposed collagen fibrils depends on the results of dentin demineralization before hybrid layer formation . This interface must exhibit bond strength values that are sufficiently high to counteract the stresses generated by polymerization shrinkage and ...

Find Laminating Adhesives and Composite Resins on GlobalSpec by specifications. Laminating adhesives and composite resins are cured using heat and/or heat and pressure.

Bonding & Composite Resins ExplainedBonding of composite resins is ideal for small corrections, in which most of the tooth is healthy and stable. It can be used…

Objective: Control of microleakage represents a challenge for posterior composite restorations. The technique for composite placement may reduce microleakage. The null hypothesis of this in vitro study was that centripetal incremental insertion of composite resin would result in less microleakage than that obtained with the oblique incremental technique or bulk technique. Method and Materials: Standardized Class 2 preparations were made in 60 caries-free extracted third molars and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 20): (1) oblique incremental insertion technique (control), (2) centripetal incremental insertion technique, and (3) bulk insertion. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive and microhybrid composite resin. The specimens were isolated with nail varnish except for a 2-mm-wide area around the restoration and then thermocycled (1,000 thermal cycles, 5 C/55 C; 30-second dwell time). The specimens were immersed in an aqueous solution of 50% silver nitrate for 24 hours, followed ...

Disclosed is a self-adhesive nonwoven elastic composite material composed of at least one elastic composite material; and a coating of a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the material is capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least about 45 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch. The elastic composite material may contain an elastomeric nonwoven fibrous web joined to at least one relatively nonelastic gatherable material at spaced-apart locations so that the gatherable material is gathered between the spaced-apart locations. Such an elastic composite material can be coated with a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the peel strength of the self-adhesive material is less than the peel strength of the layers of the elastic composite material. Also disclosed is a self-adhesive

Renamel Flowable Microhybrid 11 shade flowable composites kit from Cosmdent is the perfect choice when you are working with dental composite repairs, sealing margins, repairing pits and defects and small occlusal repairs of all types. Renamel Flowable Composites are perfectly matched to the VITA shade guide and the rest of Renamel dental composites for easy single shade restorations.

Attention: Either you have JavaScript disabled or your browser does not support JavaScript. To work properly, this site requires that you enable JavaScript.. ...

1×3.8g Syringe. ESTELITE SIGMA QUICK® is a universal, supra-nano filled restorative material utilizing 100% spherical filler technology. With a filler weight of 82% (71% volume), the spherical fillers provide a uniform diffusion of light, allowing for a more forgiving shade match, and superb blend to surrounding teeth. In addition, the spherical fillers provide low composite wear over time and are safe for opposing dentition while causing less wear on opposing teeth.. Estelite Sigma Quick® has a low 1.3% volumetric shrinkage and low shrinkage stress for decreased post-op sensitivity and resistance against marginal leakage, allowing for lasting patient comfort.. Estelite Sigma Quick® offers a 90 second working time under ambient light, and features a proprietary initiator system that allows it to polymerize quickly, with very minimal shade shift over time.. Tokuyamas spherical fillers provide exceptional polishability, and long-term polish retention. Additionally, Estelite Sigma Quick® is ...

This is where fillings with colored teeth or composite resins come into play. Composite resin covers our tooth enamel, giving it a natural look and feel. This composite resin also helps reshape the DE-shaped teeth. Tell me more about them and see why you need them.. The biggest advantage of composite resins is that they are very durable. In addition, they offer good resistance to cracks in small and medium-sized dental fillings. It is important that this filling is resistant to food pressure. Therefore, the composite resin helps provide stability and support to this seal. Another benefit of colored dental fillings is that they can be used on both sides of the tooth. For patients who want a natural appearance even though some work is being done on their teeth, composite fillings are the best option. Also, they insulate your teeth so that excessive temperature changes dont affect them. Now that we know the advantages of colored patches, lets examine the disadvantages. After surgery, the patient ...

Composite Resin (White Fillings) is a dental restorative material made of acrylic resin mixed with fine glasslike particles and match the color of your existing teeth.

Lelia Gheorghita, Mihaela tuculina, Oana Diaconu, Victoria Andrei, Iren Moraru, Marilena Bataiosu Odontotherapy-Endodontics Departament, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy of Craiova Abstract The purpose of this paper is to prove that corect access cavity is an important step in endodontic treatment and all the other steps depend on this preliminary phase.Material and method. In our study we used a number of 50 monoradicular and pluriradicular teeth, with different grades of radicular curvature

Attention: Either you have JavaScript disabled or your browser does not support JavaScript. To work properly, this site requires that you enable JavaScript.. ...

In this video article dedicated to the finishing and polishing of composite resin restorations, we will address the direct & indirect restorations in ...

The present work addressed the determination and visualization of the direction and extent of polymerization shrinkage in the light-initiated composite. Hypotheses about the light-cured composite contraction patterns are controversial. With high resolution µCT images, the displacement vector fields are examined and calculated two-dimensionally via an elastic registration algorithm using vector-spline regularization and three-dimensionally with a local rigid registration (block matching) following images segmentation (corresponding traceable fillers in composite). It appears that the light-initiated resin composites do not always shrink toward the light source. Two major contraction patterns were observed: either shrink toward the top-surface (free surface), or toward one side of the cavity wall, in which the bonding was stronger or remained intact. With the proposed methods, it is possible to describe the contraction patterns in great detail. We could demonstrate that the bonding quality to the ...

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing artificial tooth restorations for natural teeth or implants comprising a ceramic densely sintered high strength individual core (B) with dental porcelain (A) by powder metallurgical manufacturing methods. The inner surface (I) of the core (B), which will fit against one or more prepared tooth surfaces (P) or artificial abutments is manufactured by forming a ceramic powder mixture against a surface of a body at which said surface is manufactured by registering the surfaces of the prepared teeth or artificial abutments and their mutual relationship with a three dimensional optical or mechanical reading method directly in the mouth or on a model in e.g. plaster after which the registered surfaces are reproduced in an enlarged size e.g. with a computer controlled milling machine at which the enlargement is calculated from the shrinkage of the ceramic material during sintering to full density and considering the gap for cement.

Caries is the most common oral disease in the United States today, but when preventative measures fail, restorative procedures need to be reliable and long-lasting. Unfortunately, with current techniques, esthetic resin composite restorations have an average lifetime of just six years. At the Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, we conduct research to develop new materials to overcome the shortcomings of commercially available products. The main goal of our current project is to reduce the incidence of secondary decay in teeth and improve the longevity of esthetic restorations. The intern in this position will learn techniques involved in biomaterials science as we synthesize and experiment with different formulations of dental adhesives and restorative composites. Specifically, interns will: 1) use organic chemistry methods in the laboratory; 2) master the techniques of monomer and polymer characterization; 3) Use UV-visible spectrophotometry to measure the release rates of various ...

Renamel Flowable Microhybrid Starter kit from Cosmdent is the perfect choice when you are working with dental composite repairs, sealing margins, repairing pits and defects and small occlusal repairs of all types. Renamel Flowable Composites are perfectly matched to the VITA shade guide and the rest of Renamel dental composites for easy single shade restorations.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment may cause an increased accumulation of cariogenic bacteria. An orthodontic resin with antibacterial properties may inhibit bacterial growth around the brackets. The aims of this in-vitro study were to compare the antibacterial and mechanical properties of the newly introduced orthodontic resin containing selenium with a standard resin and a resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Methods: Three orthodontic materials were tested (SeLECTDefense; TransbondXT, Fuji Ortho-LC). The antibacterial properties of these materials were evaluated by studying the bacterial growth in liquid media (BG) and agar diffusion (AD) tests. In the BG testing, 100 adhesive discs (3mmx2mm) were created of each material. Five discs were then placed into each vial containing 0.5ml of brain-heart-infusion broth and 2.5µl of streptococcus mutans (MS)(n=20). Following incubation (37°C, 24hours), the vials were placed in a Spectrophotomoter (Genesys 20) at 600 nm to determine bacterial growth by

An electroconductive resin composite is produced by polymerizing at least one monomer a polymer of which is electroconductive in a matrix of a resin which exhibits the anisotropy in the melt phase to form a composite of the obtained polymer and the resin. The resin composite is obtained in the form of film and a moulded article.

A variety of therapeutic modalities, from implant to conventional Maryland prosthesis, can be used for the replacement of a missing anterior tooth. In patients refusing implant treatment, when minimal teeth reduction is preferred, a fibre reinforced composite (FRC) prosthesis can be a good alternative to conventional prosthetic techniques. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical procedure for fabricating hybrid type FRC prosthesis with pre-impregnated unidirectional E-glass fibres. Fibre-reinforced composite, in combination with adhesive technology, appears promising treatment option for replacing missing teeth. However, further clinical investigation will be required to provide additional information on this technique.

Clinical Trials - clinicaltrials.gov Evaluation of a new resin-based composite material. Amalgam and composite are the most commonly used restorative materials ...

Are you suffering from an embarrassing chip or discoloration on your tooth? Do you feel as though you dont have time for a long dental visit? Dont fret. Your dental fix is as easy as pie and as convenient as a single visit. How is it possible? With dental bonding.. There are many things that can lead to dental bonding. An active lifestyle, an accidental mishap, poor dental hygiene, even a bite into something hard can all cause our teeth to become damaged. But what does it entail to undergo dental bonding? Youll be surprised how simple the procedure really is. Granted, there is a little advance preparation is needed for dental bonding. Anesthesia is often not necessary unless the bonding is being used to fill a decayed tooth. Your dentist will use a shade guide to select a composite resin color that will closely match the color of your tooth.. Dental bonding involves the direct application of a tooth-colored composite resin to repair any chip or crack. The composite resin used in dental ...

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the moment of salivary contamination during the bonding procedure (before or after acid conditioning) on the microleakage around composite resin restorations. Sixty bovine incisors received two Class V preparations (one with dentin margins and other with enamel margins). Teeth were randomly assigned into three groups (n=20): 1) control (not contaminated); 2) salivary contamination before etching with 34% phosphoric acid; and, 3) salivary contamination after acid etching. Cavities were restored using Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply) adhesive system and TPH Spectrum (Dentsply) composite according to manufacturer instructions. Teeth were thermocycled (500x, 5-55°C, 60s/bath), immersed in 2% methylene blue buffered solution (pH 7.0), and sectioned into two halves. Three examiners measured the extent of dye penetration on dentin and enamel margins in a stereoscope microscope, using four representative scores. Statistical analysis were performed with ...

Dental composite resins are types of synthetic resins which are used in dentistry as restorative material or adhesives. When placed they look like your natural tooth ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - How should composite be layered to reduce shrinkage stress. T2 - Incremental or bulk filling?. AU - Park, Junkyu. AU - Chang, Juhea. AU - Ferracane, Jack. AU - Lee, In Bog. PY - 2008/11/1. Y1 - 2008/11/1. N2 - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different layering techniques on cuspal deflection in direct composite restorations. Methods: Aluminum blocks were used to prepare MOD cavities divided into three groups. Each cavity was restored with composite using three different filling techniques. Group 1 was filled in bulk, group 2 was restored by a horizontal increment technique, and group 3 by an oblique increment technique. Cuspal deflection was measured with LVDT probes and compared among groups using ANOVA and Scheffes post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The cuspal deflections in groups 1-3 were 21.6 ± 0.90 μm, 19.3 ± 0.73 μm and 18.4 ± 0.63 μm, respectively. The bulk filling technique yielded significantly more cuspal deflection than the ...

Coltene Swiss TEC Composite hybrid composite ra-diopaque highly filled Shade A3 by Coltene Whaledent EXP 2018 or better Description: Quality at a favorable price SwissTEC Composite is a sculptable, ra-diopaque, highly filled fine hybrid composite which is cured in the tooth cavity or on the model with visible halogen

Resumo O objetivo nesse estudo foi utilizar o isobornil metacrilato (IBOMA) como monômero combinante ou substituinte na matriz resinosa de resinas compostas odontológicas. Para tanto, a matriz resinosa foi formulada com 60 % em peso de BisGMA e 40 % em peso de monômero diluente. O TEGDMA foi utilizado como único monômero diluente para o grupo controle com 40 % em peso, enquanto a substituição total de TEGDMA foi feita com 40 % em peso de IBOMA. Na combinação de IBOMA e TEGDMA foram utilizados 20 % em peso de cada monômero. Na matriz resinosa, 65 % em peso de partículas de carga foi adicionado. O grau de conversão (GC) utilizando FT-IR, a resistência flexural (RF), o módulo flexural (MF), a contração de polimerização por formação de gap (FG) utilizando Microscopia Confocal à Laser, a Dureza Knoop (DK) e a degradação em solvente (DS) foram avaliados. Todos os dados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α=0.05; b=0.2). Os resultados demonstraram que reduzindo ou

Our experts have the ability to produce accurate and fast composite product and materials test results for composites, and related materials. We support customers across the global aerospace, automotive, building, chemical, consumer, energy, manufacturing, medical, and materials industries with our world-leading facilities, experts, and solutions. Composite materials tested include thermoset and thermoplastic composites, laminates, fiber reinforced composites, core materials, resins, films and adhesives. ...

A fibrous composite material in the form of individual fibres, sheets, layers or lightweight blocks comprising non-combustible fibres and lamellae of a layer mineral, a method for the manufacture of the fibrous composite materials by applying lamellae of a layer mineral to the fibres preferably from suspension followed by removal of the liquid phase of the suspension, and use of the fibrous composite materials for the fire-protection of substrates.

Composite Materials from Henan Kingway Chemicals Co., Ltd.. Search High Quality Composite Materials Manufacturing and Exporting supplier on Alibaba.com.

Dental Core Build-Up - Core Paste Jars Enamel Kit - A composite resin system that has high compressive strength and superior handling. Stackable viscosity, cutting properties and dual-cure formula make it the ideal material for core build ups.

Septodont Endure Composite Kit Septodont Endure Composite Kit Endure Composite kit is a light cured , radiopaque , resin based dental restorative material with dentin bond and etchant gel kit. Contents of Kit are:- 3 x 4g Nanohybrid Composite Syringe

Dental Core Build-Up - Core Paste Jars White Kit - A composite resin system that has high compressive strength and superior handling. Stackable viscosity, cutting properties and dual-cure formula make it the ideal material for core build ups.

Minnetonka dentist, Ian Park, DDS is a local, trusted dental practice offering general and cosmetic dentistry, teeth whitening, implants, veneers & other dental care. Call today to make an appointment!

Composite resin is a suitable restorative material to restore an existing failed restoration, however it is unsuitable to restore a carious lesion due to the large amount of remineralizable dentin required to achieve a reliable adhesive base.. Glass ionomer cements (GIC) will adhere to caries affected dentin, minimizing the amount of tooth removal required to restore the tooth. Glass ionomer cement can be used as a restorative material in its own right or as a base for a composite resin overlay (sandwich restoration) where the remaining tooth structure is unsupported and requires a bonded composite to maintain its structural integrity.. For the following reasons glass ionomer cements are the material of choice for treating an active carious lesion:. • The weak bond strength of glass ionomer cement to sound and caries affected tooth structure does not affect the integrity of the restoration as there is not the polymerization shrinkage stress associated with composite resins.. • Glass ionomer ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of two nanofilled posterior composites as core build up materials. T2 - An in vitro study. AU - Ganerhiwal, Shakshi. AU - Gupta, Chandni. AU - Kundabala, M.. AU - Ginjupalli, Kishore. AU - Shenoy, Ramya. PY - 2016/9/1. Y1 - 2016/9/1. N2 - Core build up is necessary as a foundation for post endodontic restorations when the tooth structure is severely damaged, fractured or extensively carious. Core build up material should provide resistance and retention form for the coronal restoration and possess sufficient strength to resist occlusal forces. An ideal core build-up material should have physical properties similar to those of tooth structure where the occlusal biting loads are transferred to dentin. The study evaluated and compared the shear bond strength of two nanofilled resin composites Group A - Filtek Z350 XT and Group B - Filtek Bulk fill) as core build up materials. Eighteen extracted permanent human molar teeth were sectioned ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Enamel and Dentin Bond Durability of Self-Adhesive Restorative Materials. AU - Latta, Mark A.. AU - Tsujimoto, Akimasa. AU - Takamizawa, Toshiki. AU - Barkmeier, Wayne W.. PY - 2020/1/1. Y1 - 2020/1/1. N2 - PURPOSE: To use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing to determine the durability of adhesion of self-adhesive restorative materials compared to composite resin bonded with a universal adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A universal adhesive, Prime & Bond Active, was used in self-etch mode to bond Z-100 composite resin to enamel and dentin. Three commercially available restorative materials and one experimental material with self-adhesive properties, Activa (A), Fuji II LC(F), and Equia Forte (E) and ASAR-MP4 (S) were also bonded to enamel and dentin. The SBS and SFS were determined for all materials. A staircase method was used to determine the SFS with 10 Hz frequency for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. RESULTS: On enamel, S generated ...

Objectives: The present study examines the influence of cavity type, and size of composite restorations on cuspal flexure due to polymerization shrinkage. Methods: Thirty healthy premolars were selected and divided into two experimental groups. Group 1: Mesial, mesiodistal, and MOD cavities were successively prepared in each tooth by means of the SONICSYS approx system (KaVo ®) using a nº 2 (small) diamond tip. Group 2: The same cavity preparation sequence was followed but a nº 3 (medium) tip was used. Cavity preparations were performed and afterwards restored using the same adhesive system and resin composite. Cuspal displacement was measured 15 min after completion of each type of restoration. Results: Under the experimental conditions used, polymerization shrinkage of composite restorations resulted in an inward deflection of the cusps in all the situations evaluated. The Friedman global test found significant differences according to the cavity type and size (p,0.05). The Wilcoxon test ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading on the bond strength of fiber posts and short fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) to root canal. One hundred single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups according to the material used for luting fiber posts: (1) Resin-core material (Gradia Core, GC Corp.) and (2) Short FRC (EverX Posterior, GC Corp.). Then the specimens were randomly assigned into three sub-groups according to the post material and the groups are indicated as follows: (1) Short FRC (EverX Posterior) used instead of post and core, (2) Fiber post (GC post, GC Corp.) cemented with resincore (Gradia Core), (3) Fiber post (GC post, GC Corp.) cemented with short FRC (EverX Posterior), (4) Experimental fiber post cemented with resin-core (Gradia Core, GC Corp), (5) Experimental fiber post cemented with short FRC (EverX Posterior). Then the specimens were subdivided into a further two groups in accordance with the storage condition (cyclic loading and 24 h water ...

Aesthetic and Cosmetic dentistry can be a life changing experience for many people as it can restore confidence and self-esteem simply by improving their smile.. This gallery exhibits a range of results that Dr McIntosh (Angela) has achieved since opening Pearly Whites Dental in May 2014 to demonstrate examples of both simple and complex smile Aesthetic and Cosmetic restoration treatments and potential outcomes. Smiles in these photos have been primarily treated using modern composite resin where Angela has used her artistic and technical skills to create beautiful smiles. Angela sculptures teeth to look natural and provides effective, high quality alternatives to expensive traditional and overseas treatments that are often not in the reach of the average persons budget. Individual needs and results for Aesthetic and Cosmetic dentistry can vary and a consultation with Angela is necessary. A consultation will provide you with a selection of options to improve your smile whether it may be a ...

Figure 3: Lingual shelf (MW) and dentin (DA2/DA1) layers in place. The patient had two types of subtle white calcifications occurring on their natural enamel, which needed to be replicated in composite for ultimate esthetic blending of the final restoration. One type is a very soft and diffuse white splotchiness along the line angles and is best created using a bleach-white composite, which can be more easily feathered for the diffuse appearance. In this case, the BL1 composite works well, as it is a highly opaque white but can be feathered nicely. The BL1 composite was initially placed with a composite instrument, and excess composite was removed until a reasonable amount remained (Fig 4). Feathering and diffusing of the BL1 composite were then achieved using the OptraSculpt instrument (Ivoclar Vivadent), which has a small foam pad that makes it easy to wipe away the BL1 composite until the desired effect is achieved. ...

TY - JOUR AU - Miletić, Vesna AU - Marjanović, Jovana AU - Veljović, Đorđe AU - Stasić, Jovana AU - Petrović, Violeta PY - 2019 UR - http://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2378 AB - Objective To determine color changes in bulk-fill composite and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials in extracted teeth after staining in red wine. Materials and Methods Cylindrical, 4 mm deep, class I cavities were prepared in 140 human molars. Bottom 2 mm was restored with Biodentine (Septodont), everX posterior (GC) or experimental HAP inserts. Each dentin replacement material was covered with a 2-mm layer of a universal composite Filtek Z250 or Z550 (3M ESPE) or Gradia Posterior (GC). Groups combining top composite layer and the underlying dentin replacement were designated as composite_dentin replacement. Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed as a single 4-mm layer. Color measurements were performed using ...

The properties of commercial and experimental small particle dental composite formulations and selected unfilled resins have been evaluated in a systematic way. The unfilled resins were evaluated for percent conversion, molar heat of cure and microhardness as a function of resin composition, and ambient temperature of cure. The results show that the ambient temperature and resin composition may significantly influence these properties. Moderately higher ambient temperature of cure in the range 40 to 60°C and proper resin selection was found to significantly improve the resin properties studied. The diametral tensile strength, top hardness, bottom hardness, thermal expansion (TE) coefficient, watersorption (WS), and average surface roughness of composite resins were also evaluated as a function of filler particle size (PS) and volume fraction (VF) in a series of experimental composites and in selected commercial systems. The results show a dominant contribution of filler VF to all the composite ...

Objective: There has been increased in vitro testing for possible degradation of resin composites and composite/dental tissue interfaces after bacterial challenge. Sample sterilization/disinfection is usually performed by immersion in ethanol or mild irradiation, with the unverified assumption that other methods would degrade the composite. We have systematically characterized surface modification of a composite sterilized with a number of methods, to test that immersion in ethanol is the only method that does not notably induce composite surface degradation. Methods: Light-cured FiltekTMLS (3M-ESPE) discs were sterilized by autoclaving (44min, 122.7oC, 22.6psi), X-Ray (90min, 120kV), O2-, Ar cold-plasma (45min), or 70%-ethanol (1min). Samples with or without sterilization were incubated in media for 3 days. Negative controls were run by adding thymol (0.25%). The absence of colony growth on blood-agar plates assessed sterilization effectiveness. Samples were characterized by visual inspection ...

6. India MS Resin (SMMA) market Status, Prospect (2011-2021). B] Worldwide MS Resin (SMMA) Market Size (Value and Volume) [2011 to 2021].. C] Worldwide MS Resin (SMMA) Manufacturers Analysis/Key Competitors :-. D] Global MS Resin (SMMA) sales and MS Resin (SMMA) market share by type [2011 to 2017].. E] Worldwide MS Resin (SMMA) revenue and growth rate [2011 to 2021].. F] Global MS Resin (SMMA) [Volume and Value] by Regions - USA MS Resin (SMMA) , China MS Resin (SMMA) , Europe MS Resin (SMMA) , Japan MS Resin (SMMA) (Volume, Value and Sales Price).. The report also produce extensively details about the description, definitions which are associated to the MS Resin (SMMA) industry and also highlights the modification and changes made to ease the productivity. These company chain and government permission applicable to the MS Resin (SMMA) market are also included in the report.. The characteristics of the MS Resin (SMMA) industry are evaluated in a qualitative and quantitative way to compare the MS ...

The surface characteristics of eight posterior and two anterior composite resins were studied by SEM and profilometric tracings. The materials included both chemically cured and light-cured resin systems. Two posterior materials were microfilled composites; the others were conventional or hybrid types. The anterior composites were of conventional and hybrid types. At various steps in the procedures the following polishing/brushing treatments were evaluated: 1) dry polishing with Sof-lex discs followed by brushing with toothpaste; and 2) wet polishing with diamond pastes of increasing fineness, followed by brushing with toothpaste. The base line before the polishing/brushing procedures was obtained by wet polishing on silicon-carbide paper (4000 grit). All materials could be polished to a comparable smoothness by the Sof-lex discs, but this polishing procedure was associated with the development of an amorphous surface layer. Polishing with diamond pastes gave various results, with a 20-fold ...

With regard to the fracture patterns, there was a predominance of failure at the interface independently of the superficial treatment. However, G2 (drying only) had the highest number of premature failures (Table 3).. Discussion. Since there were statistically significant differences between the treatments, the null hypothesis that - there is no statistically significant difference between the treatments - was rejected.. The union of resin layers, newly embedded on a cavity and light cured to new layers, is possible due to the presence of residual monomers and free radicals on the polymerized composite resin.9 However, if the resin surface is contaminated, these monomers and radicals may react with the contaminating agent making the union of resin increments impossible or inefficient.. This study evaluated the effect of blood contamination on the surface of light-cured resin layers, before the addition of new layers, simulating the filling procedure using polychromatic (shades A1 and A3.5) ...

Composite materials are made from two or more basic material mixed together. The materials can be natural or not, and keep their separate properties when mixed together. However, the composite material as a whole may behave differently from either of its parts. For example, reinforced concrete (made of concrete and steel) has resistance to pressure and to bending forces. Bullet-proof glass (made of glass and plastic) is more resistant to impact than either glass or plastic on their own. Concrete itself is a composite material, one of the oldest man-made composites, used more than any other man-made material in the world.[1] Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fibres in a matrix of lignin.[2][3] The earliest man-made composite materials were straw and mud combined to form bricks for building construction. This ancient brick-making process was documented by Egyptian tomb paintings. Fibre-reinforced polymers are in wide use today, as is glass-reinforced plastic. ...

Preface xv. About the Companion Website xvii. 1 Introduction 1. 1.1 Definition / 1. 1.2 Classification / 2. 1.3 Particulate Composites / 2. 1.4 Fiber-Reinforced Composites / 5. 1.5 Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites / 7. Exercise Problems / 15. References / 16. 2 Fibers, Matrices, and Fabrication of Composites 17. 2.1 Reinforcing Fibers / 17. 2.1.1 Glass Fibers / 19. 2.1.2 Carbon and Graphite Fibers / 25. 2.1.3 Aramid Fibers / 29. 2.1.4 Boron Fibers / 30. 2.1.5 Other Fibers / 31. 2.2 Matrix Materials / 33. 2.2.1 Polymers / 33. 2.2.2 Metals / 44. 2.3 Fabrication of Fiber Composite Products / 45. 2.3.1 Fabrication with Thermosetting Resin Matrices / 45. 2.3.2 Fabrication with Thermoplastic Resin Matrices / 59. 2.3.3 Sandwich Composites / 61. 2.3.4 Fabrication with Metal Matrices / 63. 2.3.5 Fabrication with Ceramic Matrices / 64. Suggested Reading / 65. 3 Micromechanics of Unidirectional Composites 67. 3.1 Introduction / 67. 3.1.1 Nomenclature / 68. 3.1.2 Volume and Weight ...

Among the 68 children included there was a 96% concordance between the OFC and BAT result for the diagnosis of PA. Of the 56 children with a positive OFC and BAT to peanut (median age: 8.8 years), severity of allergic reaction and cumulative threshold dose were not correlated (p=0.24). Higher Ara h 2-specific IgE and FcεRI-positive control values were both associated with severe reactions to peanut. Combining these two markers led to a 92% sensitivity [84%-97%] and 82% specificity [71%-89%] for severe reactions in all subjects. For children in the LCTG, a 4-variable composite marker including age, normalized basophil sensitivity (EC), and FcεRI- and fMLP-positive control values, resulted in 97% sensitivity [89%-99%] and 61% specificity [49%-71%] CONCLUSION: Distinct composite markers including BAT allergen-specific and non-allergen-specific parameters appear to be associated with severity and cumulative threshold dose in children with PA ...

Jason Smithson - lecture one. Artist-Technician - direct resin restorations. The three main problems encountered by all dentists in direct resin placement are: How to achieve invisible restorations How to avoid post operative sensitivity How to place adjustment free restorations. Dentistry is a branch of medicine, which encompasses science, art and mechanical engineering: the competent operator must be a master of all three disciplines. Dr Smithsons presentation will introduce the art of the anterior direct composite describing the protocol required to produce a class 4 restoration that is invisible to the human eye. This is followed by a more technical analysis of the process required to prepare and place a posterior composite resin restoration, which requires no or little occlusal adjustment. Finally, a novel technique is outlined which allows rapid restoration of deep class 1 cavities without post-operative sensitivity. This presentation is suitable for all levels.. Jason Smithson - lecture ...

Wholesale Synthetic Resin Material from China Synthetic Resin Material Wholesaler - we are quality Synthetic Resin Material Supplier of benzoicacidflakes.

So, what sets these treatments apart? At the end of the day it is the materials used to repair or resurface your teeth.. Aesthetic veneers are made from exceptionally thin porcelain. A veneer is only as thick as a contact lens, but once it is in place it completely transforms the appearance of the tooth.. Dental bonding uses composite resin to achieve results. Composite resin begins as a soft, shapeable consistency. Our team applies the resin to a patients tooth, and then we cure it with a special light so that it hardens and bonds to the natural tooth.. These material differences affect their respective treatment processes. Veneers take two or three appointments to complete; first the teeth are prepped, then restorations are made to fit the patients teeth, and finally we attach them to the natural tooth structure. On the other hand, the dental bonding process takes just one appointment to complete. Our dentists shade, shape, and cure composite resin in one appointment.. A few other things to ...

Novel resin composite for paint to be used for painting the surfaces of steel plates and other plates therewith, which is non-volatile and sufficiently cured even in the air by high energy ionizing radiation, said resin composite being mainly composed of a prepolymer having α,β unsaturated double bonds at terminals and a molecular weight of more than 600 and a terminal double bond equivalent of more than 300, and a polyfunctional compound having more than two terminal α,β unsaturated double bonds, the compound ratio of both ingredients being 5 to 0.5 in terms of the terminal double bond equivalent ratio.

The composite oxide and the composite oxide carrier are manufactured by the precursor forming step and firing step. The precursor forming step includes high speed mixing means. The composite oxide catalyst is obtained by preparing a composite of catalytic components simultaneously with the formation of the precursor of composite oxide in the step of forming the precursor of composite oxide. The composite oxide and the composite oxide carrier are composed of a composite oxide in which at least one of cerium and zirconium, and aluminium disperse with extremely high homogeneity. With this structure, the heat resistance of the carrier is improved and consequently, enlargement of particles of the composite oxide defining the carrier, and sintering of adjacent particles of the composite oxide can be restrained, whereby the catalyst using the composite oxide carrier in accordance with the present invention is excellent in heat resistance. With the present invention, the carrier is not limited to a general

Detailed information on tooth fillings, including the different types such as dental amalgams, composite resins, porcelain veneers, crowns, and cast gold restorations

How is a dental bonding procedure performed?. When performing a bonding procedure, it is important to enable the composite resin to firmly adhere to the underlying tooth structure. To do this the surface of the tooth is etched and then painted with a liquid bonding agent just prior to the placement of the filling or cosmetic bonding. As the dentist places the composite resin, it is carefully sculpted to achieve the desired shape and then cured with a special light or allowed to set. Once hardened, the newly bonded restoration is polished and buffed for a smooth finish. Some dentists may offer composite veneers as an alternative to porcelain veneers, artistically bonding and blending successive layers of composite resin to transform the appearance of a tooth.. Caring For Bonded Teeth. While a bonding procedure offers an excellent and cost-effective method of care for the treatment of minor cosmetic dental issues, there are a couple of considerations with this approach. Teeth that are restored or ...

Maciel Eustáquio da Silva Júnior- Especialista em Dentística Restauradora (USP/Bauru-SP);- Mestre em Dentística Restauradora (UNESP/Araraquara-SP);- Doutorando em Dentística Restauradora (UNESP/Araraquara-SP);- Professor dos Cursos de Extensão e Especialização (FAEPO/Araraquara-SP).Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade- Mestrado e Doutorado (UNESP/Araraquara-SP);- Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora (UNESP/Araraquara-SP ...

De-Tak is formulated to eliminate the tackiness between dental instruments and filled composite resins. Placement and contouring are now easier. The composite resin will not stick to the instrument, be it metal or plastic, and pull away from its desired shape. Frustrations are eliminated. Use De-Tak for placement and contouring of Light Cured and Chemical Cured (paste-paste) composites, micro-fill and hybrid resins. When used properly, it will not interfere with the setting, chemical or physical properties of the resin. Resins can be built up on surfaces that have been contoured with a De-Tak coated instrument. De-Tak can be used with any brand of restorative resin.. Product URL : http://www.taubdental.com/index.cfm?Body=product& ...

harga resin anion, harga resin kation, harga resin kation anion, harga resin kation surabaya, jual resin kation, jual resin kation anion, jual resin kation kaskus, jual resin kation resin cation,. ...

The purpose of this article is to show a case where the dental and gingival aesthetics were involved. A periodontal treatment was performed aiming to health and...

Introduction: A good dental cement used as repair material should possess chemical binding, easy handling characteristics, minimal marginal breakdown and minimal polymerization shrinkage, high resistance to wear, high cohesive strength, and good color stability. This study was undertaken to compare the in vitro microleakage and shear bond strength among the newly introduced Prime fill flow and Dyad flow. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect on shear bond strength and microleakage of two self-adhesive composite resin. Materials and methods: Selected specimens were collected and stored in deionized water with an antibactericidal agent, 0.2% sodium azide, until ready to be used and were randomly divided into two groups: group I: Dyad flow and group II: Prime fill flow; specimens were sheared with a universal testing machine, and the results were calculated in megapascal, specimens were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction at four different locations, and analyzed for leakage (dye ...

Dental Product Shopper delivers practical, unbiased product information. Our peer to peer product reviews help you select the best products for your practice.

Buy composite material testing equipment from China composite material testing equipment suppliers - 1299 composite material testing equipment suppliers & manufacturers from China.

A global dental events agenda created by you! Search by filter or upload events, for free. We will share all the courses with over 1 million dentists on our main Facebook Page ZERODONTO #YouPostWeShare ...

Our idea is to develop the novel composite material that contains microencapsulated polymer spheres containing coloured resins. These spheres will provide direct visual inspection possibilities as after impact the surface of the composite will change the colour depending on the severity of the impact. This composite material possesses also self-repairing feature for due to impact these shells containing different resins will broke and disengaged substance will rapidly repair damages of composite material ...

OptraSculpt Pad is an innovative modelling instrument for shaping and contouring direct composite resin filling materials without encountering stickiness. The highly flexible anti-stick surface of the special single-use synthetic foam attachments (pads) prevents unpolymerized composite resins from adhering to the instrument.. ...

A dental restoration or filling is a treatment that restores the function, integrity and morphology of the tooth structure caused by caries or trauma. It also includes the replacement of structural integrity using dental implants for missing teeth. Categorized by direct and indirect restorations, a comprehensive examination and diagnosis will be conducted before a treatment plan is agreed with you.. Although dental health has improved dramatically over the last few decades, lifestyle choices and physical trauma to the teeth will require treatment at some stage. Often, all a patient will need is the replacement of a filling or two; however, for more serious cases, further treatments and even complete tooth replacements are required. Age also plays a factor. These days, teeth last a lot longer than they did before, meaning the wear and tear of the natural tooth surfaces have become a bigger issue. To restore the appearance and function of your teeth, early intervention is key.. At Dental House ...

Composite Bonding can also be referred to as Cosmetic Bonding, Dental Bonding or Teeth Bonding. A white filling material, made of a composite resin is applied to the tooth and shaped to restore the appearance. The colour of the resin is matched to your teeth, so it will appear as though it is a natural part of the tooth.. Composite fillings are hard wearing and durable and can excellently match the colour of your tooth. It is a non-invasive procedure, unlike crowns or dental veneers where the tooth is permanently removed.. The composite bonding material is applied to the tooth and hardened. For composite bonding to be applied, the surface of the tooth only has to be cleaned to help the resin to bond, meaning the structure of the tooth remains intact. Minimal drilling is needed.. The material is essentially bonded to the tooth, hence the why the procedure is called bonding.. ...

A composite article that can be used as a substrate for coated conductors is disclosed. The composite substrate has at least three layers in which one or more inner layers of Ni--W alloys with 9 at. %-13 at. % W and two outer layers of Ni--W alloys with 3 at. %-9 at. % W. The content of W element gradually decreases from the inner layers to the outer layers. The composite substrate can be prepared using a process of designing and sintering composite ingot, rolling composite ingot and then annealing composite substrate. The composite substrate have a dominant cube texture on the outer layer of the whole substrate which have a weaker magnetism and higher strength than that of a single Ni-5 at. % W alloy substrate. the preformed composite ingot is prepared by filling and compacting the Ni--W mixed powders into a mold layer by layer according to the structure of composite substrate; in said mold, said preformed composite ingots are with the total thickness

NAFEMS Focus on Composites GLASGOW, UK, JANUARY 12TH 2010: In response to a recent upsurge of interest in composites analysis, NAFEMS, the International Association for the Engineering Analysis Community, has put together a series of events focusing on the subject, to give NAFEMS Members and the analysis community in general the opportunity to learn more about this topic, and share experiences with fellow analysts. Many designs now use composite structures or components, taking

TY - JOUR. T1 - Solvent Degradation and Reduced Fracture Toughness in Aged Composites. AU - Ferracane, J. L.. AU - Marker, V. A.. PY - 1992/1. Y1 - 1992/1. N2 - Quartz- and barium-glass-filled composites aged for more than one year in ethanol experienced a significant reduction in fracture toughness (KIc), essentially identical to that experienced after two months of aging. This reduction is mainly attributed to a softening of the resin matrix, but cracking within the resin and at the filler/ matrix interface, as revealed by SEM microscopy, may also have contributed. No significant cracking could be seen in the composites aged in water. Composites post-cured at temperatures approaching their glass-transition temperature also experienced a reduction in KIc after alcohol storage. Storage in water for one year had little effect on the KIc of composites cured at oral temperatures, but a significant increase was observed for those post-cured at elevated temperatures. This increase is difficult to ...

Methods of forming composite optical film (100) are disclosed. The methods include exposing a composite film to a first energy source (340) to cure the composite film to (321) a first cure state. The composite film includes reinforcing (102) fibers dispersed within a curable resin (104). Then the method includes removing the first energy source from the first cure state composite film and then exposing the first cure state composite film to a second energy source (341) to further cure the composite film to a second cure state. The method includes 10 combining the composite film with an optical element to from the composite optical film.

Good quality composite dental material from composite dental material manufacturer, Buy composite dental material online from China.

Fillers in bonding agents facilitate stronger bonds because their presence reduces polymerization shrinkage, has a lower coefficient of expansion, and reduces water absorption of the bonding resin. When resins cure, they shrink, and the fillers provide a basic structure to counteract that shrinkage. When two different materials (such as a resin and a tooth) are exposed to temperature changes, they expand and contract at different rates. The fillers placed in resins typically have a coefficient of expansion that is similar to that of a tooth; therefore, the tooth and the resin expand and contract more closely to the same amount, placing less force on the tooth resin interface. Unfilled resins absorb water, which cause them to distort through a process called hydrolysis. The addition of fillers reduces the amount or degree of water absorption. This, again, places less detrimental force on the tooth-to-bonding-resin interface. The addition of fillers reduces the loss of bonding resin at the margin, ...

The present invention relates to a multiple layer composite material and to a method for producing the same. Said multiple layer composite material has at least one layer of cement-bound concrete and at least one layer of polymer-bound concrete. The transition between adjacent layers of cement-bound concrete and polymer-bound concrete has at least the material strength of the less stable one of the concrete layers adjoining the transition. The layer of polymer-bound concrete allows the diffusion of water vapor, but does not allow liquid water to penetrate. The multiple layer composite material can be produced completely in an aqueous system.

Dental resin composites are popular filling materials because of their excellent esthetics, direct-filling capability, and improved load-bearing properties . After being bonded to the tooth structure via adhesive , it is desirable to have a long-lasting restoration-tooth bonded interface. Although most adhesives exhibit excellent short-term bonding strength, the durability of the bonded interface still remains a challenge . Nearly half of all dental restorations fail within 10 years, and replacing them accounts for 50-70% of all restorations performed . This is costly, considering that the annual cost for tooth cavity restorations was about $46 billion in 2005 in the United States alone . The cost is increasing rapidly with an aging population, longer life expectancy, and increased tooth retention in seniors . Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the dentin-resin interfacial bond to reduce failure and increase the longevity of dental restorations . The degradation of the hybrid layer at ...

Historical background of composites; classification and general properties. Role of the constituent materials in composite manufacturing, i.e. matrices and reinforcements; their types, production and properties. Polymeric matrix composites (PMCs). Metal matrix composites (MMCs). Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). General manufacturing techniques of PMCs, MMCs and CMCs and their principles. Special purpose composites. Fiber-matrix Interface and interphase, and their role in tailoring the properties of composites. Interface mechanics and toughness. Design and analysis of composites. Elastic, thermal and physical properties. Thermal stresses in composites. Applications of composites. Joining techniques for composites. Machining of composites. Special structures in composite manufacturing; light weight structural cores; honeycomb cores, foams. Hybrid composites. The emerging field of nanocomposites. Composite materials as surface coatings. Testing of composites: constituent material testing, testing ...