In contrast to indocyanine green (ICG) blood clearance, the plasma disappearance rate (PDR) of ICG does not require absolute ICG blood concentrations and today can be assessed transcutaneously. In thi

Freshwater is an increasingly scarce resource that is extensively used in textile wet‐processing. In seeking to identify alternative low freshwater‐usage coloration technology, this study examined the potential use of seawater (SEAW) as the dyeing medium for wool coloration using a range of reactive dyes. Initially, the dyeing behaviour of the wool fabric in simulated seawater (SSW) was compared with conventional dyeing from distilled water (DW) using α‐bromoacrylamide‐based Lanasol dyes and sulphatoethyl sulphone‐based Remazol dyes. These preliminary studies demonstrated that comparable coloration could be achieved in the SSW medium based on an assessment of the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness. Subsequent dyeing studies of wool using Mauritian seawater with both the Lanasol and Remazol reactive dyes confirmed that, based on the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness, comparable coloration could be achieved, highlighting the possibility of ...

To quantitate the dilution curves, standard dilutions of Indocyanine Green in whole blood are made as follows: It is strongly recommended that the same dye that was used for the injections be used in the preparation of these standard dilutions. The most concentrated dye solution is made by accurately diluting 1 mL of the 5-mg/mL dye with 7 mL of distilled water. This concentration is then successively halved by diluting 4 mL of the previous concentration with 4 mL of distilled water. (If a 2.5 mg/mL concentration was used for the dilution curves, 1 mL of the 2.5 mg/mL dye is added to 3 mL of distilled water lo make the most concentrated standard solution. This concentration is then successively halved by diluting 2. mL of the previous concentration with 2 mL of distilled water.) Then 0.2-mL portions (accurately measured from a calibrated syringe) of these dye solutions are added to 5-mL aliquots of the subjects blood, giving final concentrations of the dye in blood beginning with 24 mg/liter, ...

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Human plasma contains a vast amount of human serum albumin (HSA). Almost 60% of human plasma protein contains HSA. Blood volume regulation based on colloid osmotic pressure is a vital role of serum albumins. In order to hide their hydrophobic nature, they can be seen transferring some low water-soluble molecules. These molecules consisted of some steroid hormones, some salts, free fatty acids, calcium, and some drugs. Low or high level of albumin almost always caused several diseases. Besides, albumin should be removed from blood plasma in some cases, since high abundancy of albumin hinders biomarkers in proteome studies. Affinity chromatography is a standard method, which used for protein purification and separation studies due to its specificity, selectivity. There are several affinity chromatography methods, such as dye affinity, immobilized metal chelated affinity, and affinity electrophoresis. Cibacron Blue F3GA (CBD), as a dye ligand, is one of the most used dyes amongst dye affinity ...

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Penzkofer, Alfons und Leupacher, W. (1984) Third Order Nonlinear Susceptibilities of Dye Solutions Determined by Non-Phasematched Third Harmonic Generation. In: Auston, David H. und Eisenthal, K. B., (eds.) Ultrafast phenomena IV: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Monterey, California, June 11 - 15, 1984. Springer series in chemical physics, 38. Springer, Berlin, S. 190-192. ISBN 3-540-13834-X; 0-387-13834-X. Im Publikationsserver gibt es leider keinen Volltext zu diesem Eintrag. ...

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7). Eq (7) can be used to determine the amount of biomass required for any given initial dye concentration and for any desired amount of dye removal for any multistage system.. For a two stage batch sorption system, the design parameters are now explained. The design objective is to treat 50 L of basic red 9 solution of initial dye concentration 150 mg/L in the first stage. A series of equilibrium dye concentration from 140 mg/L to 10 mg/L in 10 decrements was considered in stage one of a two stage sorption system. The design plot which explains the amount of biomass needed in different two stage sorption systems are shown in Figure 3. The x-axis in Fig 3 represents the equilibrium concentration in the first stage of the two stage sorption system based on 10 mg/L of equilibrium dye concentration difference. In the sorption system number one, the design the objective is to reduce the initial dye concentration from 150 mg/L to 140 mg/L. Similarly in the sorption system 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ...

A dyed substrate having at least one dyed surface. At least one dye solution is disposed across at least a portion of the surface in combination with a migration promoting composition and/or a migration limiting composition. The migration promoting composition and/or migration limiting composition adjusts the migration of at least a portion of the dye solution across the substrate in a controlled manner. Dye migration may be arrested by the application of RF (radio frequency) energy as a step in dye fixation. A process for forming the dyed substrate is also provided.

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Procion MX fiber reactive dyes are especially made for low temperature immersion techniques and will dye all cellulose fibers (including cotton, linen, rayon, ramie, hemp, jute, wood, paper, and basketry materials) to full rich shades of color. Silk will dye to medium shades. 30 g (approx 1 oz) of dye will colour 500 g

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last year i had to get an MRI scan. they inject you with dye which is actually gadolinium a heavy metal in solution. i had a rash and intense itching all over for weeks. even now, my forearms and hands still itch so it is not out of my system yet. i still dont know if i may come down with an even more extreme reaction that only happens to a minority of people, that their skin becomes real hard, b/c it takes months for that to finally start to develop, and if its doing all that to me, who knows what its doing to me internally. so im not out of the woods yet ...

Paul Johnson, England Leaving and Returning Pop-up book with Waterford paper dyed with reactive dyes and pen work overlays. 30 x 56 x 4 cm (fully extended) 2005 COLOPHON BOOK ARTS SUPPLY AWARD

Water-soluble Cy®5 dyes are the most commonly used fluorescent labelling reagents for preparing far-red fluorescent bio-conjugates. Cy5® conjugates are very bright, photo-stable, pH insensitive and produce minimal autofluorescence of biological specimens in this region of the spectrum. Water-soluble Cy®5 dye can be used in place of Alexa Fluor® 647, DyLight® 649 and other dyes excitable at a wavelength of 633 or 647nm. This sulfonated dye is also known as sulfo-Cyanine5 Acid. Cy® Dye is a trademark of GE Healthcare.

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Learn the basics of natural dyeing in this two-part course, enabling you to create fabrics and garments in your very own original hues. Kristine uses all natural dyes in her process, and she discusses how to create a variety of shades by using different dyes, fabrics and dye bath times. In the first part of this class, you will learn how to...

022m. A colour camera recorded depth integrated images at 25 frames see more per second which were then time averaged over a period of 7 s. Fig. 4a shows an image of a jet containing passive dye and provides information about the depth integrated and time averaged dye concentration CDI(x,y)CDI(x,y). An inverse Abel transformation (Abel, 1826) was performed to reconstruct the axisymmetric form of the dye concentration through the jet using equation(17) C‾(x,z)=-1π∫r∞dC‾DIdmdmm2-r2.Fig. 4b shows the reconstructed concentration profile.. It has been known that the time averaged concentration field C‾ across the jet is approximately Gaussian (e.g. Morton et al. (1956), etc.) i.e. equation(18) C‾=C‾01+(2αy/b0)exp-λx2b2. The dilution at any location in the jet D(x,y)D(x,y) can be estimate by relating the centre line concentration C to the value at the nozzle C0C0 and radius b to the value that captures 95% of the jet fluid giving λ=log(1/0.05)≃3λ=log(1/0.05)≃3. This relationship ...

Cy Dye is solved in 12,5 µl of 100% DMF, 2 µl of the Cy3 or the Cy5 Dye solution is added separatly to 75 µg protein of each test and each control sample. 12 µl of the Cy2 Due solution is added to the internal standard protein mixture, which contains 75 µg protein from each sample. Minimal labeling is done for 45 min at 4°C in the dark. Then, 1 µl of the lysine solution added to each sample to stop the labeling reaction (10 min 4°C in the dark ...

Billington RA, Bak J, Coscolia AM, Debidda M, Genazzani A.: Triazine dyes are competitive agonists of the NAADP receptor. Brit J Pharmacol 2004; 142: 1241-1246. Chinopoulos C, Gerencsér AA, Dóczi J, Fiskum G, Ádám-Vizi V.: Inhibition of …

Austin Radiological Association Patient History/Contrast Form HAVE YOU HAD ANY PREVIOUS IMAGING STUDIES OF THE BODY PART BEING EXAMINED TODAY? HAVE YOU EVER HAD? Previous imaging that required an injection of contrast media/dye? If yes, did you have a reaction or experience any difficulties due to any imaging contrast/dye injection? Surgery to the part of your body being exami ...

From: $159 Sizes: 0.25 umol, 1 umolCatalog #: 96084, 96073, 96078, 96068, 96067, 92137, 92139, 92142, 92150, 92127, 92130, 92131, 92132, 92133, 92134, 92135, 92155, 92103, 92104, 92105, 92106, 92107, 92108, 92109, 92110, 92111, 92112, 92117, 92123, 96011, 96014, 96016, - 92120View allHide ...

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5′ and 3′ Cy dyes are attached to the hydroxyl group of the ribose via a phosphodiester bond. Internal Cy dyes are attached to the backbone via the phosphodiester bonds of the bases between which the dyes occur.

* found in: DMSO, Anhydrous, AM1-43, ADVASEP-7, SynaptoRed™ C2, Anhydrous DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide; methyl sulfoxide) is recommended for preparing stock..

ROX is a passive reference dye for qPCR amplification. The dye can be used to normalize fluorescence intensity of reporter dye in qPCR.

Blue MGN is a dichloro-triazine reactive dye. This product is highly reactive and therefore does not require strong conditioning for fixation with cellu...

This video demonstrates trypsinizing and cell counting using trypan blue and the Bright-Line Hemocytometer for the purpose of determining viability in mammalian cell subculture.

Dyes are intensely colored or fluorescent organic substances only, which impart color to a substrate by selective absorption of light...

An object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a solid electrolyte and having excellent thermostability, which has the excellent feature of retaining liquid so as to prevent an electrolyte solution from being exuded even under high temperature or pressurized conditions, and a dye-sensitized solar cell module using the same. Such dye-sensitized solar cell comprises: an electrode base material 10; a porous semiconductor layer 20 formed on the electrode base material 10 having a porous surface carrying a sensitized dye; a counter electrode 40, which is disposed so as to face the porous semiconductor layer 20; and an electrolyte layer 30 comprising a redox pair and cationic cellulose or a derivative thereof, which is formed between the electrode base material 10 and the counter electrode 40.

The dye-sensitized solar cell, developed in the 1990s, is a non-conventional solar technology that has attracted much attention owing to its stability, low cost, and device efficiency. Power-conversion efficiencies of over 11 % have been achieved for devices that contain liquid electrolytes, whereas solid-state devices that do not require a liquid electrolyte display an overall efficiency of 5 %. Improvement of the efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells requires optimization of their various components, such as the hole-transport material, sensitizer, mesoporous TiO2 film, and the blocking layer. This Minireview highlights the current state of the art and future directions of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell technology. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Transferred vertically aligned N-doped carbon nanotube arrays. T2 - Use in dye-sensitized solar cells as counter electrodes. AU - Lee, Kun Seok. AU - Lee, Won Jun. AU - Park, Nam Gyu. AU - Kim, Sang Ouk. AU - Park, Jong Hyeok. PY - 2011/3/22. Y1 - 2011/3/22. N2 - We prepared vertically aligned nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a rigid glass substrate or flexible plastic substrate via a growth-detachment-transfer process and the vertically aligned N-doped CNT arrays are employed as counter electrodes for novel dye-sensitized solar cells.. AB - We prepared vertically aligned nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a rigid glass substrate or flexible plastic substrate via a growth-detachment-transfer process and the vertically aligned N-doped CNT arrays are employed as counter electrodes for novel dye-sensitized solar cells.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79955026362&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...

Traditionally, Pt prepared by hydrolysis was used as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. But the hydrolysis requires a high-temperature process, so that it is not suitable for flexible substrates like plastics. In addition, noble Pt remarkably increases the cost of dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, we report three types of nanostuctured materials as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells, including nanostrutured Pt by polyol reduction of Pt precursors, nanocomposites and nanotube films.

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on iodide/triiodide (I−/I3−) electrolytes are viable low-cost alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells. However, as well as providing record efficiencies of up to 12.0%, the use of I−/I3− in such solar cells also brings about certain limitations that stem from its corrosive nature and complex two-electron redox chemistry. Alternative redox mediators have been investigated, but these generally fall well short of matching the performance of conventional I−/I3− electrolytes. Here, we report energy conversion efficiencies of 7.5% (simulated sunlight, AM1.5, 1,000 W m−2) for dye-sensitized solar cells combining the archetypal ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) single-electron redox couple with a novel metal-free organic donor-acceptor sensitizer (Carbz-PAHTDTT). These Fc/Fc+-based devices exceed the efficiency achieved for devices prepared using I−/I3− electrolytes under comparable conditions, revealing the great potential of ferrocene-based electrolytes

Panchromatic response is essential to increase the light-harvesting efficiency in solar conversion systems. Herein we show increased light harvesting from using multiple energy relay dyes inside dye-sensitized solar cells. Additional photoresponse from 400-590 nm matching the optical window of the zinc phthalocyanine sensitizer was observed due to Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the two energy relay dyes to the sensitizing dye. The complementary absorption spectra of the energy relay dyes and high excitation transfer efficiencies result in a 35% increase in photovoltaic performance.. Keywords: dyes/pigments ; dye-sensitized solar cells ; Fret ; photochemistry ; photovoltaics ; Restricted Geometries ; Rhodamine-B ; Efficiency ; Dcm. ...

We report a high molar extinction coefficient heteroleptic polypyridyl ruthenium sensitizer, featuring an electron-rich 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene unit in its ancillary ligand. A nanocrystalline titania film stained with this sensitizer shows an improved optical absorption, which is highly desirable for practical dye-sensitized solar cells with a thin photoactive layer, facilitating the efficient charge collection. In conjunction with low-volatility and solvent-free electrolytes, we achieved 9.6-10.0% and 8.5-9.1% efficiencies under the air-mass 1.5 global solar illumination. These dye-sensitized solar cells retain over 90% of the initial performance after 1000 h full sunlight soaking at 60 degrees C. Shi, Dong; Pootrakulchote, Nuttapol; Li, Renzhi; Guo, Jin; Wang, Yuan; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Graetzel, Michael; Wang, Peng

For the first time, nonstoichiometric WO2.72 was used as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Oxygen-vacancy-rich WO2.72 nanorod bundles with notable catalytic activity for triiodide and thiolate reduction were prepared in this study. The photovoltaic parameters of dye-sensitized s

The replacement of oxide semiconducting TiO2 nano particles with one dimensional TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) has been used for improving the electron transport in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Although use of one dimensional structure provides the enhanced photoelectrical performance, it tends to reduce the adsorption of dye on the TiO2 surface due to decrease of surface area. To overcome this problem, we investigate the effects of TiCl4 treatment on DSSCs which were constructed with composite films made of TiO2 nanoparticles and TNTs. To find optimum condition of TNTs concentration in TiO2 composites film, series of DSSCs with different TNTs concentration were made. In this optimum condition (DSSCs with 10 wt% of TNT), the effects of post treatment are compared for different TiCl4 concentrations. The results show that the DSSCs using a TiCl4 (90 mM) post treatment shows a maximum conversion efficiency of 7.83% due to effective electron transport and enhanced adsorption of dye on TiO2 surface.

Arylamine organic dyes with donor (D), π-bridge (π) and acceptor (A) moieties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have received great attention in the last decade because of their high molar absorption coefficient, low cost and structural variety. In the early stages, the efficiency of DSCs with arylamine

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dye stability and performances of Dye-sensitized solar cells with different nitrogen additives at elevated temperatures - Can sterically hindered pyridines prevent dye degradation?. AU - Phuong, Nguyen Tuyet. AU - Andersen, Anders Rand. AU - Skou, Eivind Morten. AU - Lund, Torben. PY - 2010/4/23. Y1 - 2010/4/23. U2 - 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.04.076. DO - 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.04.076. M3 - Journal article. VL - 94. SP - 1582. EP - 1590. JO - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. JF - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. SN - 0927-0248. IS - 10. ER - ...

In this review, we dissect nanotube growth under a systematic changing of electrode configurations and analyze relevant solar cell constructions as well as performances, in an attempt to explore efficient approaches to harvest solar energy. It is divided into two parts for discussion: planar and nonplanar electrodes, as a conformal coating of anodic nanotubes can be formed on an electrode regardless of its geometric shape. The first part is presented in this paper. To date, the most efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on anodic nanotubes exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 7~8%, whereas those based on nanoparticles show a higher efficiency of 11~12%. This is due to a lower surface area per photoanode volume for nanotubes with respect to nanoparticles. It is calculated that, for a given photoanode volume, it requires the nanotube diameter to go down to ~30 nm to generate a comparable surface area with nanoparticles of ~20 nm. For single-sided tube growth, three dominant ...

Three new sensitizers 2-{4-[2-(4-Nitrobenzylidene)hydrazino)]phenyl} ethylene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile (NBHPET), 2-{4-[2-p-Chlorobenzylidenehydrazino] phenyl}- ethylene-1,1,2-tri carbonitrile (CBHPET) and 2-{4-[2-p- Bromobenzylidenehydrazino] phenyl}ethylene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile (BBHPET) have been synthesized. The dyes showed pronounced solvatochromic effects as the polarity of the solvents increased. The structures have been optimized at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The torsion in E-isomer is smaller than Z-isomer and azo isomers. The highest occupied molecular orbitals are delocalized on whole molecule while lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are distributed on the tricarbonitrile. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies are above the conduction band of titanium dioxide, highest occupied molecular orbitals of the dyes are below the redox couple of new synthesized dyes and small energy gap revealed these dyes would be better sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. © 2012 ...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are super thin, cheap solar cells that can operate indoors. Created by G24 Innovations, the first batch of the new solar cells have found a home in fashion, heading to Hong Kong-based consumer

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are promising to be the next-generation solar cells arising from their high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and low fabrication cost.

New hemicyanine dyes (CM101, CM102, CM103, and CM104) in which tetrahydroquinoline derivatives are used as electron donors and N-(carboxymethyl)-pyridinium is used as an electron acceptor and anchoring group were designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Compared with corresponding dyes that have cyanoacetic acid as the acceptor, N-(carboxymethyl)-pyridinium has a stronger electron-withdrawing ability, which causes the absorption maximum of dyes to be redshifted. The photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs based on dyes CM101CM104 markedly depends on the molecular structures of the dyes in terms of the n-hexyl chains and methoxyl. The device sensitized by dye CM104 achieved the best conversion efficiency of 7.0?% (Jsc=13.4 mA?cm-2, Voc=704 mV, FF=74.8?%) under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW?cm-2). In contrast, the device sensitized by reference dye CMR104 with the same donor but the cyanoacetic acid as the acceptor gave an efficiency of 3.4?% (Jsc=6.2 mA?cm-2, Voc=730 mV, ...

Nanoporous, p-type NiO films were sensitized with coumarin 343 (C343), and the photoinduced electron transfer dynamics was studied in the presence of different concentrations of electrolyte (I-3(-)/I- in propylene carbonate). Electron transfer from the valence band of NiO to the excited C343 is very fast, occurring on time scales from hundreds of femtoseconds to a few picoseconds, but also the subsequent recombination is quite rapid, on the time scale of tens of picoseconds. Nevertheless, formation of an intermediate, attributed to I2-I NiO(+), was observed on the picosecond time scale. Simultaneously the reduced dye was converted back to the C343 ground state, indicating that recombination could be intercepted by 13 reduction. Consistent with that interpretation, we observed oxidized NiO and depletion Of 13 persisting on the millisecond time scale. Complete dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with these films as photocathode gave up to 10-11% incident photon to current conversion efficiency at ...

Compared to traditional silicon based solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, or Graetzel cells, have significantly lower production costs, even though the former still show higher efficiency.

Read A new study on solid-state cyanine dye-sensitized solar cells, Research on Chemical Intermediates on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Design and characterization of highly efficient porphyrin sensitizers for green see-through dye-sensitized solar cells. AU - Lu, Hsueh Pei. AU - Mai, Chi Lun. AU - Tsia, Chen Yuan. AU - Hsu, Shun Ju. AU - Hsieh, Chou Pou. AU - Chiu, Chien Lan. AU - Yeh, Chen Yu. AU - Diau, Wei-Guang. PY - 2009/11/19. Y1 - 2009/11/19. N2 - YD12 (η = 6.7%) is a green sensitizer remarkable for its outstanding cell performance beyond that of N719 (η = 6.1%) with no added scattering layer; the additional scattering layer assists N719 in promoting the efficiency in the red shoulder of the spectrum, but has only a small effect on the improvement of the cell performance for porphyrins.. AB - YD12 (η = 6.7%) is a green sensitizer remarkable for its outstanding cell performance beyond that of N719 (η = 6.1%) with no added scattering layer; the additional scattering layer assists N719 in promoting the efficiency in the red shoulder of the spectrum, but has only a small effect on the improvement of the ...

Inverse opal (IO) films with mesoporous structures hold promise as high-performance electrodes for various photoelectrochemical devices because of their high specific area as well as their fully connected pore structure. A great challenge to their use is obtaining an intact film of mesoscale colloidal crystals as a template. Here, using the plate-sliding coating method coupled with hot air flow, we successfully deposited mesoscale colloidal crystals onto the substrate. A TiO2 mesoscale IO (meso-IO) with 70 nm pores was then successfully fabricated via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and subsequent removal of the template. As a photoelectrochemical electrode, the meso-IO structure exhibits enhanced charge transport properties as well as a high specific area. Moreover, dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using the meso-IO electrode exhibit a higher photocurrent and cell efficiency than a cell constructed using a conventional TiO2 nanoparticle electrode. This meso-IO film provides a new platform for

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensely researched for more than two decades. Electrolyte formulations are one of the bottlenecks to their successful commercialization, since these result in trade-offs between the photovoltaic performance and long-term performance stability. The corrosive nature of the redox shuttles in the electrolytes is an additional limitation for industrial-scale production of DSSCs, especially with low cost metallic electrodes. Numerous electrolyte formulations have been developed and tested in various DSSC configurations to address the aforementioned challenges. Here, we comprehensively review the progress on the development and application of electrolytes for DSSCs. We particularly focus on the improvements that have been made in different types of electrolytes, which result in enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term device stability of DSSCs. Several recently introduced electrolyte materials are reviewed, and the role of electrolytes in different ...

Maximizing Solar Energy Absorption in DSSC. Through the following key select activities, students will learn to fabricate an artificial photosynthetic device using nanotechnology and plant pigments to capture suns energy and convert it to electricity. Each Activity prepares students for the Design Project, in which they are challenged to create the most efficient dye-sensitized solar cell, using vegetable and/or fruit dyes, that is capable of powering an electronic device.. MWM will give students an opportunity to understand the world around them in a way they have never experienced before. The modules promote an awareness of the roles science and technology play in society and guide students to take increased control of their work.. ...

This thesis focuses on liquid redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). A liquid redox electrolyte, as one of the key constituents in DSCs, typically consists of a redox mediator, additives and a solvent. This thesis work concerns all these three aspects of liquid electrolytes, aiming through fundamental insights to enhance the photovoltaic performances of liquid DSCs.. Initial attention has been paid to the iodine concentration effects in ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes. It has been revealed that the higher iodine concentration required in IL-based electrolytes can be attributed to both triiodide mobility associated with the high viscosity of the IL, and chemical availability of triiodide. The concept of incompletely solvated ionic liquids (ISILs) has been introduced as a new type of electrolyte solvent for DSCs. It has been found that the photovoltaic performance of ISIL-based electrolytes can even rival that of organic solvent-based electrolytes. And most strikingly, ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of A hybrid PVDF-HFP/nanoparticle gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

A photogated transistor is established based on the dye-sensitized solar cell using nanocrystalline TiO2 films. Voltage-current curves are characterized with three types of transport behaviors: linear increase, saturated plateau, and breakdownlike increase, which are actually of the typical performances for a phototransistor. Moreover, an asymmetric behavior is observed in the voltage-current loops, which is believed to be due to the difference in the effective photoconducting areas rather than the cross-section areas. The photovoltaic voltage between the common counter electrode and drain (VCE-D) is examined as well during the loop measurements, clarifying that the predominant dark process in source and the predominant photovoltaic process in drain are series connected, modifying the electric potential levels, and thus resulting in the characteristic phototransistor behaviors ...

We present an investigation into incorporating core-shell Au-SiO(2) nanoparticles into dye-sensitized solar cells. We demonstrate plasmon-enhanced light absorption, photocurrent, and efficiency for both iodide/triiodide electrolyte based and solid-st

Daeneke, T., Uemura, Y., Duffy, N. W., Mozer, A. J., Koumura, N., Bach, U. & Spiccia, L. (2012). Aqueous dye-sensitized solar cell electrolytes based on the ferricyanide-ferrocyanide redox couple. Advanced Materials, 24 (9), 1222-1225 ...

Page contains details about dye-sensitized solar cells . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

Page contains details about dye-sensitized solar cell . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

The Global Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the...

Leptospirosis is one of the leading global zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality. It is induced by a pathogenic spirochete of the genus Leptospira. The icteric form of leptospirosis is characterized by pronounced hyperbilirubinemia and associated with significantly increased mortality. Conventional static liver function tests insufficiently assess hepatic damage and have limited prognostic value. Dynamic tests, such as indocyanine green plasma (ICG) clearance, more adequately reflect hepatic functional status. In this case report we describe the ICG plasma disappearance rates (ICG-PDR) in a patient with leptospirosis and massive hyperbilirubinemia, expanding our knowledge of liver dysfunction in icteric leptospirosis. A 21-year-old Caucasian man presented with acute-onset jaundice, myalgia, fever and headaches. Laboratory tests upon admission revealed, most notably, acute kidney failure and hyperbilirubinemia of 17 mg/dl with mild elevation of aminotransferases. In the course of the following 4

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...A new approach creates a dramatic improvement in cheap solar cells now...By using a popcorn-ball design tiny kernels clumped into much larger ... We think this can lead to a significant breakthrough in dye-sensitize...Dye-sensitized solar cells first popularized in a scientific article ...,Popcorn-ball,design,doubles,efficiency,of,dye-sensitized,solar,cells,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

where D is the electron diffusion coefficient, and τ is the electron lifetime. For example, the τ values for DSSCs with conventional coumarin dyes were much shorter than the value for DSSCs based on a Ru complex, which suggests that charge recombination between conduction- band electrons in the TiO2 and I3 - ions in the electrolyte occurs more easily in solar cells based on coumarin dyes. From this result, we concluded that the shorter τ values, which result in shorter L values, for DSSCs based on organic dyes relative to those based on Ru complexes lead to lower performance of DSSCs with organic dyes than those for DSSCs with Ru complexes.. As mentioned, an important feature of MK dyes is the presence of n-hexyl substituents on the oligothiophene backbone. We found that the τ values for the DSSCs based on MK dyes, which bear alkyl chains, were longer than the values for the DSSCs based on other organic dyes, which have thiophenes without alkyl chains.15-18 We concluded that the long alkyl ...

Disperse Dyes Catalog with China Disperse Dyes Products, Disperse Dyes Suppliers, Disperse Dyes Manufacturers, and Disperse Dyes Exporters provided by ChemNet

China Basic Green Dye 4 Crystal Malachite Green, Find details about China Basic Green Dye, Malachite Green from Basic Green Dye 4 Crystal Malachite Green - Hangzhou Emperor Chemical Co., Ltd.

1. Varghese P, Abdel-Rahman AT, Akberali S, Mostafa A, Gattuso JM, Carpenter R. Methylene blue dye--a safe and effective alternative for sentinel lymph node localization. Breast J. 2008;14(1):61-7 2. Mathelin C, Croce S, Brasse D, Gairard B, Gharbi M, Andriamisandratsoa N. et al. Methylene blue dye, an accurate dye for sentinel lymph node identification in early breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2009Oct;29(10):4119-25 3. Soni M, Saha S, Korant A, Fritz P, Chakravarty B, Sirop S. et al. A prospective trial comparing 1% lymphazurin vs 1% methylene blue in sentinel lymph node mapping of gastrointestinal tumors. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009Aug;16(8):2224-30 4. Zakaria S, Hoskin TL, Degnim AC. Safety and technical success of methylene blue dye for lymphatic mapping in breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2008Aug;196(2):228-33 5. Stradling B, Aranha G, Gabram S. Adverse skin lesions after methylene blue injections for sentinel lymph node localization. Am J Surg. 2002Oct;184(4):350-2 6. Salhab M, Al Sarakbi W, Mokbel K. ...

This is useful in hank and winch dyeing where the liquor/goods interchange is less favourable. In fact, all commercial reactive dyes for wool have absorption rates that are greater than the rate of reaction with the wool fibre to allow some migration. Chloroacetylamino groups (-NHCOCH2Cl) react by an SN2 mechanism (Scheme 16.5). Wool reactive dyes are applied like acid dyes in weakly acidic solution. The degree of exhaustion and fixation are usually very high and clearing of unfixed dye from the goods may only be needed for deep shades. Reactive dyes for wool tend to be unlevel dyeing and are prone to give skittery dyeings. They are used more on loose fibre and slubbing than on piece goods, where they accentuate fibre nonuniformity and poor, uneven fabric preparation. A number of amphoteric or weakly cationic auxiliary products are available to assist level dyeing. Despite their good light fastness and very good washing fastness, they are still not widely used, partly because of their high cost. ...

Brilliant Green Bile Broth 2% is used for the detection of coliform bacteria in water, food, and dairy products in a laboratory setting. Brilliant Green Bile Broth 2% is not intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions in humans. The coliform group of bacteria includes aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacilli that ferment lactose and form acid and gas at 35°C within 48 hours. Members of the Enterobacteriacae comprise the majority of this group, but organisms such as Aeromonas spp. may also be included. Procedures to detect and confirm coliforms are used in testing water, foods, dairy products and other materials. Brilliant Green Bile Broth 2% is used to confirm a positive presumptive test result. Brilliant Green Bile Broth 2% is also referred to as Brilliant Green Bile Broth, Brilliant Green Lactose Broth, Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth and Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth, 2 ...

A remarkable 300% efficiency enhancement driven by a matching increase in the short circuit current was observed in a mixed porphyrin dye-sensitized solar cell constructed from two dyes in a 3:1 ratio. Absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency measurements indicate an improved charge injection yield for both dyes in the mixture. Several possible origins for the observed performance enhancement are discussed.. ...

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