March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. This health observance was created in 2000 to increase awareness of the importance of regular screening to save lives and decrease the national burden of colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon or rectum). Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, after lung/bronchus cancer. In 2002, a total of 139,534 adults in the United States had colorectal cancer diagnosed, and 56,603 adults died from colorectal cancer (1). The impact of colorectal cancer can be lessened through regular screening, which has been shown to reduce incidence and mortality (2). CDC directly supports National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month through its Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Control Initiative, which includes Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign (SFL), research related to colorectal cancer prevention and control, and activities aimed at increasing colorectal cancer screening. In addition, ...

Addition of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) failed to improve progression-free survival in non-resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a naturally occuring omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in oily fish. EPA has anti-colorectal (bowel) cancer activity in experimental models. This trial will test whether EPA reduces markers of tumour growth, and is safe and well tolerated,in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases awaiting surgery ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Colorectal cancer screening and prevention. AU - Wilkins, Jeff T. AU - McMechan, Danielle. AU - Talukder, Asif. PY - 2018/5/15. Y1 - 2018/5/15. N2 - Colorectal cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Most colorectal cancers arise from preexisting adenomatous or serrated polyps. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer can be reduced with screening of average-risk adults 50 to 75 years of age. Randomized controlled trials show evidence of reduced colorectal cancer-specific mortality with guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy. There are no randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of colonoscopy to reduce colorectal cancer-specific mortality; however, several randomized controlled trials comparing colonoscopy with other strategies are in progress. The best available evidence supporting colonoscopy is from prospective cohort studies that demonstrate decreased incidence of colorectal cancer and colorectal ...

Background: Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver is not uniform. We describe the management of metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver at a single institution during a 10-year period. Methods: From January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1999, 174 patients were identified from the tumor registry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham with a diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver. Patient, tumor, laboratory, operative, and adjuvant therapy factors were analyzed, with overall survival as the endpoint. Log-rank tests were used for univariate analysis. Cox-proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for graphical representation of survival. Significance was defined as P

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diagnoses and undergoing colorectal cancer surgery is reported to be associated with physical symptoms and psychological reactions. Social support is described as important during the postoperative period. The purpose of this paper was to describe how patients experience the early postoperative period after colorectal cancer surgery.. Interviews according a phenomenological approach were performed with 13 adult participants, within 1 week after discharge from hospital. Data were collected from August 2006 to February 2007. Analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted according to Giorgi.. The essence of the phenomenon was to regain control over ones body in the early postoperative period after colorectal cancer surgery. Lack of control, fear of wound and anastomosis rupture, insecurity according to complications was prominent findings.. When caring for these patients it is a challenge to be sensitive, encourage and promote patients to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Additional lymph node examination from entire submission of residual mesenteric tissue in colorectal cancer specimens may not add clinical and pathologic relevance. AU - Kim, Young Min. AU - Suh, Jae Hee. AU - Cha, Hee Jeong. AU - Jang, Se J.. AU - Kim, Mi Jung. AU - Yoon, Sunoch. AU - Kim, Baekhui. AU - Chang, Heejin. AU - Kwon, Youngmee. AU - Hong, Eun Kyung. AU - Ro, Jae Y.. PY - 2007/5. Y1 - 2007/5. N2 - The examination of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer is a critical procedure for determining the stage, which determines prognosis and need for adjuvant therapy. The current recommendation is to harvest at least 12 lymph nodes by conventional manual node dissection (MND). Recent studies have suggested that all lymph nodes in mesenteric tissue should be retrieved using a special method such as the entire submission of residual mesenteric tissue (ESMT) after MND. We investigated the efficacy of ESMT with its potential impact on the pN stage. After an MND in 48 consecutive ...

Estrogen plays an important role in the development of some cancers. However, previous studies on the influence of estrogen on colorectal cancer (CRC) have had conflicting conclusions, and there have been few reports on estrogens and liver metastasis. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic impact of estrogens on CRC with liver metastasis. Eighty-six patients with CRC including 43 synchronous liver metastases were studied. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels were assayed by immunohistochemistry in liver metastasis, CRC and adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The correlation between staining, clinicopathological parameters, and prognostic power were analyzed statistically. Significant differences were found in ERβ expression between liver metastasis (P = 0.012) and CRC (P = 0.002) compared to adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels in patients with liver metastases were significantly lower than those without liver metastasis (P = 0.012).

Our previous study found that male sex, age of 50 years or more and family history of colorectal cancer were independent risk factors for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia.10 In the ensuing discussion, it has been suggested that the observed disparity of advanced neoplasia risk between men and women might have merely reflected sex-based differences in smoking patterns.25 In the present study, we used a new dataset to derive and validate a model for the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia that included smoking status and other potential confounders, such as age, sex, family history of colorectal cancer, and Body Mass Index. We confirmed previously identified associations, and also found that smoking ≥10 pack-years, and Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia. Our study corroborated previously identified risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia;10-16 it also, for the first time, combined all five important factors ...

Colonoscopy plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal pathologies. The recent progress in endoscopic technologies and interest in colorectal cancer screening have enabled the diagnosis of a larger number of early colorectal neoplasms, including benign polyps and early cancers. Colonoscopic polypectomy remains the cornerstone of therapy for the majority of colorectal polyps and helps prevent colorectal cancer. However, if colorectal neoplasms are too large or cannot be removed en bloc endoscopically, operative procedures are required to reduce risks of incomplete removal and local recurrence. Laparoscopic resection represents a minimally invasive alternative for treating colorectal neoplasms that are not amenable to en bloc endoscopic resection. However, laparoscopic surgery has to be done under general anesthesia, is associated with operative morbidity, and is expensive.. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a revolutionary endoscopic procedure that ...

Looking for online definition of Colorectal neoplasms in the Medical Dictionary? Colorectal neoplasms explanation free. What is Colorectal neoplasms? Meaning of Colorectal neoplasms medical term. What does Colorectal neoplasms mean?

In this large prospective study, higher intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was not associated with risk of distal colorectal adenoma. In addition, no significant associations were observed between this dietary variable and risks of small adenoma, distal colon adenoma, and rectal adenoma, although a nonsignificant, suggestive, inverse association was noted for large adenoma. Similarly, we found no significant associations between n-3/n-6 ratio and risks of distal colorectal adenoma.. We did find a suggestively decreased risk of large adenoma associated with higher dietary marine n-3 fatty acid intake (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.01). Interestingly, we also noted that high n-3 intake was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk of small adenoma. We thus conducted a post hoc analysis and found that among women with a diagnosis of adenoma, those with high dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids had a 46% lower odds of having a large adenoma versus a small adenoma. In combination, these results ...

Meet the Rhode Island colorectal cancer treatment team at the Colorectal Cancer Multidisciplinary Clinic from Lifespan Health System.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Isolated hepatic perfusion for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. AU - Bartlett, David L.. AU - Libutti, Steven K.. AU - Figg, William D.. AU - Fraker, Douglas L.. AU - Richard Alexander, H.. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. N2 - Background. Unresectable colorectal liver metastases are a significant clinical problem. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a regional treatment technique that delivers high dose chemotherapy, biologic agents, and hyperthermia via a completely isolated vascular recirculating perfusion circuit as a means of regionally treating liver tumors. This study presents our results of IHP with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plus melphalan or IHP with melphalan alone followed by infusional floxuridine (FUDR) and leucovorin in patients with advanced or refractory unresectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Methods. Fifty-one patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases underwent a 60-minute IHP with 1.5 mg/kg melphalan and hyperthermia ...

This study examined associations between metformin exposure and colorectal cancer-specific mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer receiving treatment for diabetes. For overall metformin exposure, the risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality was 39% lower in metformin-treated diabetics, versus diabetics not receiving metformin, but did not reach the conventional threshold for statistical significance (P = 0.06).. This result is consistent with the findings from 2 previous single-center studies of metformin exposure and survival in colorectal cancer (15, 16). In a study of diabetic patients with stage I-IV disease by Lee and colleagues, metformin exposure for a minimum of 6 months was associated with a significant 34% lower risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality (16). The results from this study have, however, been questioned due to the possible presence of immortal time bias (17).. In a study by Garrett and colleagues, of diabetic patients with stage I-IV colorectal ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - NAT2 fast acetylator genotype is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan. AU - Huang, Chi Chou. AU - Chien, Wen Pin. AU - Wong, Ruey Hong. AU - Cheng, Ya Wen. AU - Chen, Meng Cheng. AU - Chou, Ming Chih. AU - Lee, Huei. PY - 2007/7. Y1 - 2007/7. N2 - In Taiwan, colorectal cancer has one of the highest rates of increased incidence in the past two decades. Heterocyclic amines from dietary cooked meats are metabolically activated by NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2), which are associated with colorectal cancer incidence. Thus, the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype may be associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the association between the NAT2 genotype and colorectal cancer risk is not clearly understood. We conducted a study with 244 primary colorectal cancer cases and 299 cancer-free healthy control subjects to verify the association of NAT2 polymorphisms with the risk of Taiwanese colorectal cancer. Our data showed that subjects with the NAT2 W/W ...

Licorice and its components have been reported to posses various anti-tumor activities, but its active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are not well understood yet. In the present study, a group of representative licorice-derived compounds that could be detected in rat plasma or urine were screened for anti-tumor activity. Among these compounds, isoangustone A (IAA) was found to promptly Inhibit the viability of SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further analyses indicate that IAA activated caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling and induced significant apoptosis, while had little effect on cell cycle. IAA strongly inhibited Akt phosphorylation within 5 min; however, overexpression of constitutively activated Akt could not rescue IAA-mediated inhibition, indicating that inhibition of Akt was not involved in IAA-induced apoptosis. Further examinations show that IAA induced dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential and release of ...

A simple screening may save your life. Thats why cancer specialists encourage people to consider screening for colorectal cancer. And there is no time like the present, especially since March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month.. According to the National Cancer Institute, the number of new colorectal cancer cases and deaths is declining, except in adults younger than 55 years. In the United States, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women. The NCI estimated last year there were 140,250 new cases of colon cancer and 50,630 deaths caused by the disease.. We asked Douglas Rex, MD, a Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine and a researcher at the IU Simon Cancer Center, about the disease and screening options. Rex is a leading authority on colorectal cancer screening and colonoscopy.. As you know, the American Cancer Society changed its recommended age of first screenings from 50 to 45 for people of ...

PURPOSE: In this analysis, we compared costs and explored the cost-effectiveness of subsequent-line treatment with cetuximab or panitumumab in patients with wild-type KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after previous chemotherapy treatment failure. Data were used from ASPECCT (A Study of Panitumumab Efficacy and Safety Compared to Cetuximab in Patients With KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer), a Phase III, head-to-head randomized noninferiority study comparing the efficacy and safety of panitumumab and cetuximab in this population.

CHICAGO -- Bevacizumab (Avastin) given before surgery for curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer did not increase the risk of bleeding, researchers reported here.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Threshold Change in CEA as a Predictor of Non-Progression to First-Line Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Elevated CEA. AU - Gulhati, Pat. AU - Yin, Jun. AU - Pederson, Levi. AU - Schmoll, Hans Joachim. AU - Hoff, Paulo. AU - Douillard, Jean Yves. AU - Hecht, J. Randolph. AU - Tournigand, Christophe. AU - Tebbut, Niall. AU - Chibaudel, Benoist. AU - Gramont, Aimery De. AU - Shi, Qian. AU - Overman, Michael James. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected].. PY - 2020/11/1. Y1 - 2020/11/1. N2 - Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are used in conjunction with imaging to monitor response to systemic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We sought to identify a threshold for CEA change from baseline to predict progressive disease (PD) in mCRC patients receiving first-line therapy. Methods: Patients from ...

Patients treated by liver resection had the best outcome, while patients with extrahepatic diseases had poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients treated by regional chemotherapy improved significantly with the advent of irinotecan and better selection.

The clever study by Ahlquist and colleagues adds to growing doubt about the value of fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for colorectal cancer screening. The authors recognized that patients with resected colorectal cancer would have regular colonoscopy (or barium enema) and obtained stools from them before their annual structural examinations. In contrast to previous studies, they did complete evaluations in persons with both positive and negative FOBTs, providing an unbiased assessment of sensitivity and specificity. The study showed that fecal occult blood tests failed to detect 70% of cancers and 80% of large (≥ 2.0 cm) polyps. HemoQuant, a more expensive and cumbersome test, offered no advantage over Hemoccult at matched sensitivity. Study strengths included large sample size, prospective design, careful follow-up, and meticulous laboratory methods. The study population and test conditions differed somewhat from previous studies. Stool samples were mailed in sealed containers, although this ...

Egypt has extensive environmental pollution and the highest proportion of early-onset colorectal cancers in patients under age 40 in the world (35 percent of total colorectal cancers). These tumors show high mucin production, more undifferentiation, and a lower prevalence of k-ras mutations that tumors of US patients. The molecular and pathological patterns of these tumors could indicate possible environmental exposures. Organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic amines (HCAS), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been correlated with colon carcinogenesis in experimental animals. Egyptians are highly exposed to these carcinogens in farming, cooked foods, combustion products, and polluted air and water. Egypt offers a unique opportunity and a natural experiment for a population study to investigate the impact of organochlorine pesticides and other environmental carcinogens on early-onset colorectal cancer. In order to better understand the association ...

Egypt has extensive environmental pollution and the highest proportion of early-onset colorectal cancers in patients under age 40 in the world (35 percent of total colorectal cancers). These tumors show high mucin production, more undifferentiation, and a lower prevalence of k-ras mutations that tumors of US patients. The molecular and pathological patterns of these tumors could indicate possible environmental exposures. Organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic amines (HCAS), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been correlated with colon carcinogenesis in experimental animals. Egyptians are highly exposed to these carcinogens in farming, cooked foods, combustion products, and polluted air and water. Egypt offers a unique opportunity and a natural experiment for a population study to investigate the impact of organochlorine pesticides and other environmental carcinogens on early-onset colorectal cancer. In order to better understand the association ...

Through local and national efforts we plan to raise awareness about young onset colorectal cancer and remove the stigma of colorectal cancer, said Kim Newcomer, Never2Young program manager at the Colorectal Cancer Alliance. One of the most powerful tools we have is education. We must take this message directly to young people and the medical community.. Since 1994, diagnosis of colorectal cancer in young adults, ages 20-49, have increased by 51%, according to the National Cancer Institute. Colorectal cancer is highly treatable if detected early, but because the standard screening age is 50, young people with the disease tend to be diagnosed at later stages. The N2Y Advisory Board provides a strong voice for the young onset colorectal cancer community by going straight to the source: All of the members have been directly impacted by colorectal cancer, either as a survivor or patient. Members flew into Washington for the meeting from across the country. It is important for me to be here as an ...

Colorectal cancers develop through several pathways, including the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. An altered intestinal microflora has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer via these pathways. We identified Lactobacillus casei-derived ferrichrome as a mediator of the bacterial anti-tumor effect of colorectal cancer cells through the upregulation of DDIT3. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of ferrichrome on precancerous conditions and cancer cells associated with sporadic as well as colitis-associated colorectal cancer. SRB and MTT assays were performed to assess growth inhibition in vitro. Eighteen organoids were prepared from biopsy specimens obtained by colonoscopy. An AOM-DSS carcinogenesis model and xenograft model of colorectal cancer cells were generated for the assessment of the tumor suppressive effect of ferrichrome in vivo. Ferrichrome inhibited the cell growth of colorectal cancer cells

If you present symptoms of colorectal cancer, open and direct communication with your physician could save your life, suggest the results of a study by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center.. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., but if diagnosed early, patients have a five-year survival rate of 91 percent. In a study recently published in the journalPatient Education and Counseling, Laura A. Siminoff, Ph.D., and a team of researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 242 patients diagnosed with CRC in the six months preceding the study. Interview responses, confirmed by a review of the participants medical records, identified several factors that contribute to diagnostic delay. Diagnostic delay refers to the time from the first visit in which the patient reports symptoms indicative of CRC through the date of diagnosis.. The study highlights the importance of communication between doctors and patients, says Siminoff, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Interval colon cancer in a Lynch syndrome patient under annual colonoscopic surveillance. T2 - a case for advanced imaging techniques?. AU - Oxentenko, Amy S.. AU - Smyrk, Thomas C.. PY - 2012/5/24. Y1 - 2012/5/24. N2 - Background: Lynch syndrome confers increased risk for various malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance programs have led to reduced incidence of colorectal cancer and reduced mortality from colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy every 1-2 years beginning at age 20-25, or 10 years earlier than the first diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a family, with annual colonoscopy after age 40, is the recommended management for mutation carriers. Screening programs have reduced colon cancer mortality, but interval cancers may occur.Case presentation: We describe a 48-year-old woman with Lynch syndrome who was found to have an adenoma with invasive colorectal cancer within one year after a normal colonoscopy.Conclusion: Our patient illustrates two current ...

C-reactive protein is a sensitive but nonspecific systemic marker of inflammation. Several prospective studies have investigated the association of prediagnostic circulating C-reactive protein concentrations with the development of colorectal cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review of prospective studies of the association between prediagnostic measurements of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and development of invasive colorectal cancer. Authors of original studies were contacted to acquire uniform data. We combined relative risks (RR) for colorectal cancer associated with a one unit change in natural logarithm-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein using inverse variance weighted random effects models. We identified eight eligible studies, which included 1,159 colorectal cancer cases and 37,986 controls. The summary RR per one unit change in natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 1.12 (95% confidence intervals

Patients who have had colorectal cancer and who are carriers of the DNA mismatch repair gene mutations that cause Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of a greater range of cancers than the recognized spectrum of Lynch syndrome cancers, including breast and prostate cancers, according to a study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.. Previous studies had shown that mutation carriers are at a substantially increased risk of cancers of the colon, rectum, endometrium, stomach, ovary, ureter, renal pelvis, brain, small bowel, hepatobiliary tract, and pancreas, the authors noted. A major inherited cancer syndrome, Lynch syndrome is also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).. The study was based on data for 764 patients from the Colon Cancer Family Registry, evenly divided between men and women, who were carriers of the mismatch repair gene mutation and previously diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Most of the carriers (52%) were recruited in Australia and New ...

This multicentre, international, prospective observational study conducted in European centres plans to collect real-life data. This data will form an evidence-base from which conclusions can be drawn on how to improve patient selection and optimise treatment protocols when treating with TACE using …

Melanomul conjunctival Melanomul conjunctival este foarte rar. Pot exista motive ereditare pentru renașterea lor. Melanomul în iris apare în partea din față, partea colorată a ochiului.

A stool test known as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is accurate in diagnosing most colorectal cancers, according to a meta-analysis published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.. Screening is crucial for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society currently recommends that people at average risk of colorectal cancer begin being screened for colorectal cancer at the age of 50. Screening may need to begin at a much earlier age for people with a personal or family history of adenomatous polyps, FAP, HNPCC, colorectal cancer, or chronic inflammatory bowel disease.. There are several available screening strategies for colorectal cancer, including colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and FIT. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard in screening for colorectal cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that people between ages 50 and 75 get screened by colonoscopy every 10 years or sigmoidoscopy every ...

Lynch syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer, HNPCC) is the most common hereditary syndrome predisposing to colorectal cancer, accounting for 1-3% of all colorectal cancer. This multi-organ cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially MLH1 and MSH2, and to lesser extents MSH6 and PMS2, which lead to widespread genetic instability and thus microsatellite instability (MSI). Hereditary cancer often manifests in two or more tumours in a single individual; 35-40% of Lynch syndrome patients have synchronous or metachronous tumours of the two major Lynch syndrome-related cancers: colorectal and endometrial.. The main purposes of the work underlying this thesis were to identify persons at risk of Lynch syndrome or other types of hereditary colorectal cancer, to estimate the cancer risks associated with these predispositions and to identify the underlying genetic causes.. A population-based cohort of 78 persons with double primary ...

Vitamin D is well-regarded in its ability to maintain a healthy immune system: Some rich sources of it include egg yolks, shiitake mushrooms, and seafood.. In their study, the researchers wanted to explore how supplementing vitamin D to standard chemotherapy can influence the progression of cancer among people who have metastatic colorectal cancer.. For their randomized controlled trial, the team gathered 139 participants who had untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Before the trial began, the researchers noted that only nine percent of the participants had the needed amount of vitamin D in their bodies. The researchers then grouped the participants into a high-dose group and a low-dose group: The former was given vitamin D during treatment, while the latter took standard chemotherapy sessions.. The high-dose group received 8,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily for two weeks. Afterward, the researchers lowered the dose to 4,000 IU per day. Meanwhile, the low-dose group only took ...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer incidence is rapidly rising in many Asian countries, with rates approaching those of Western countries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of colorectal adenomas by age, sex, and risk strata in asymptomatic Koreans. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 19,372 consecutive participants aged 20 to 79 years undergoing screening colonoscopy at the Center for Health Promotion of the Samsung Medical Center in Korea from January 2006 to June 2009. RESULTS: Among participants at average risk, those without a history of colorectal polyps or a family history of colorectal cancer, the prevalence of colorectal adenomas and advanced adenomas were 34.5% and 3.1%, respectively, in men and 20.0% and 1.6%, respectively, in women. The prevalence of adenomas increased with age in both men and women, with a more marked increase for advanced adenoma. Participants with a family history of colorectal cancer or with a history of colorectal polyps had significantly higher ...

High blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer in several prospective studies including the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), but it is unknown whether these observations reflect a causal relationship. We aimed to investigate whether CRP genetic variants associated with lifelong higher CRP concentrations translate into higher colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within EPIC including 727 cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and 727 matched controls selected according to an incidence-density sampling protocol. Baseline CRP concentrations were measured in plasma samples by a high sensitivity assay. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene (rs1205, rs1800947, rs1130864, rs2808630, rs3093077) were identified via HapMap. The causal effect of CRP on colorectal cancer risk was examined in a Mendelian Randomization approach utilizing ...

While colonoscopy screening is widely used in several European countries and the United States, there are no randomized trials to quantify its benefits. The Nordic-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer (NordICC) is a multinational, randomized controlled trial aiming at investigating the effect of colonoscopy screening on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. This paper describes the rationale and design of the NordICC trial. Men and women aged 55 to 64 years are drawn from the population registries in the participating countries and randomly assigned to either once-only colonoscopy screening with removal of all detected lesions, or no screening (standard of care in the trial regions). All individuals are followed for 15 years after inclusion using dedicated national registries. The primary end points of the trial are cumulative CRC-specific death and CRC incidence during 15 years of follow-up. POWER ANALYSIS: We hypothesize a 50 % CRC mortality-reducing efficacy of the colonoscopy ...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a pluripotent cytokine that can have both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting effects on epithelial cells. It is unclear what determines when TGF-beta and its signaling pathway act predominantly as a tumor suppressor pathway or as a tumor-promoter pathway and whether TGF-beta can have both classes of effects concurrently on a cell. We investigated the effect of TGF-beta on anoikis in colorectal cancer cell lines sensitive to TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition to determine if the context of the cells could be one of the factors that would affect whether TGF-beta exerts tumor suppressor or oncogene activity on colon cancer cells. We observed variable effects of TGF-beta on anoikis in these cell lines, even though they all are growth-inhibited by TGF-beta. Thus, we show that TGF-beta has variable effects on anoikis in colon cancer cell lines that likely reflects the effects of concurrent gene mutations in the cancer cells and the activation state of ...

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in BC after lung cancer. The lifetime risk of dying of colorectal cancer is about 3%. Most, if not all, colorectal cancers are believed to develop from adenomatous polyps[1] over a period of about 10 years. Screening for colorectal cancer offers the opportunity to reduce mortality by the earlier detection of invasive disease and by the removal of precancerous polyps, thus preventing the development of colorectal cancer.

Metastatic disease is the main cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer and the most frequent location of metastases is in the liver. The treatment of liver metastases of colorectal origin is multimodal and should be based on a multidisciplinary team decision. A systematic review of the literature revealed that the number of liver metastases, their maximum size, CEA level, advanced age of the patients, and presence of extrahepatic disease are no longer contraindications to liver resection. The resectability rate of colorectal liver metastases increased from 10 to almost 40%, enabling 5-year overall survival rates higher than 30%. Short-term and long-term results achieved by simultaneous resection (SR) are similar to those achieved by staged resections in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Whenever possible, major hepatectomies should be replaced by ultrasound-guided limited liver resections, and primary tumor should be approached in a minimally invasive manner. Even

The frequency of the CHEK2 1100delC among colorectal cancer patients was 2.6% (17/662). The proportions were 1.3% (2/149) and 2.9% (15/513) in familial and non-familial cases, respectively. These frequencies are not significantly higher (odds ratio (OR) 1.393, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.775 to 2.504, p=0.266, for all cases; OR 0.720, 95% CI 0.172 to3.020, p=1.000 for familial cases and OR 1.592, 95% CI 0.863 to 2.939, p=0.134 for non-familial cases) than in the normal population, compared with the geographically adjusted population frequency of 1.9%. These results suggest that the 1100delC variant is not significantly associated with familial colorectal cancer or with colorectal cancer risk in the population; however, larger studies would be needed to detect or exclude any slight increase with a high confidence. In the group of non-familial colorectal cancer cases, there was no difference in allele frequency among those patients with a personal or family history of breast cancer (3/104, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The VTI1A-TCF4 colon cancer fusion protein is a dominant negative regulator of Wnt signaling and is transcriptionally regulated by intestinal homeodomain factor CDX2. AU - Davidsen, Johanne. AU - Larsen, Sylvester. AU - Coskun, Mehmet. AU - Gögenür, Ismail. AU - Dahlgaard, Katja. AU - Bennett, Eric Paul. AU - Troelsen, Jesper. PY - 2018/7/5. Y1 - 2018/7/5. N2 - Sequencing of primary colorectal tumors has identified a gene fusion in approximately 3% of colorectal cancer patients of the VTI1A and TCF7L2 genes, encoding a VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein containing a truncated TCF4. As dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with colorectal cancer development and progression, the functional properties and transcriptional regulation of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein may also play a role in these processes. Functional characteristics of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein in Wnt signaling were analyzed in NCI-H508 and LS174T colon cancer cell lines. The NCI-H508 cell line, ...

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that control protein expression through various mechanisms. Their altered expression has been shown to be associated with various cancers. The aim of this study was to profile miRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the function of specific miRNAs in CRC cells. MirVana miRNA Bioarrays were used to determine the miRNA expression profile in eight CRC cell line models, 45 human CRC samples of different stages, and four matched normal colon tissue samples. SW620 CRC cells were stably transduced with miR-143 or miR-145 expression vectors and analyzed in vitro for cell proliferation, cell differentiation and anchorage-independent growth. Signalling pathways associated with differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using a gene set enrichment analysis. The expression analysis of clinical CRC samples identified 37 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between CRC and normal tissue. Furthermore, several of these miRNAs were associated with

Note: This study was performed as part of a multicenter cancer screening comparative effectiveness research project, SEARCH (Screening Effectiveness and Research in Community-based Healthcare), which was supported by grant UC2CA148576 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.. Disclaimer: The contents of this report are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Cancer Institute.. Acknowledgment: The authors thank the SEARCH coordinators (Debra Bonollo, Shawn Gagne, Gabrielle Gundersen, Denise Schwarzkopf, and Cyndee Yonehara) for coordinating data collection on this project, the medical records auditors (Amy Stone Murai, RN, MS, APRN-C, CHRC, at Kaiser Permanente Hawaii; Janet Guilbert and Doris Hoyer at Reliant Medical Group; Elie Castro and Melanie Currier at the Group Health Research Institute; and Kim Olsen at Kaiser Permanente Northwest), and Hirut Fassil ...

Introduction : Cancer cells, compared to normal cells, are under increased oxidative stress associated with oncogenic transformation, alterations in metabolic activity, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Material and methods : We investigated the ability of vitamin C to...

Introduction:Colorectal cancer is uncommon in the Indian subcontinent, so there is a paucity of outcome data from this region. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for early postoperative morbidity and mortality following curative colorectal cancer surgery in our set-up. Methods: The data on Patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, between January 1999 and December 2008 were recorded. Patients who developed early postoperative morbidity or mortality were compared with those who followed a healthy course after surgery. Results: A total of 250 consecutive Patients underwent colorectal cancer surgery during the study period. Postoperative complications were found in 34.8 percent of the Patients, out of which four deaths occurred. Serum albumin level less than 3.5 g/dl (odds ratio [OR] 3.75, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.37-10.23) and tumours involving the left colon (OR 2.60, 95 percent

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant syndrome (see the image below), as a result of defective mismatch repair (MMR) proteins.

TY - JOUR. T1 - K-ras oncogene mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study. AU - Brink, M.. AU - de Goeij, A.F.P.M.. AU - Weijenberg, M.P.. AU - Roemen, G.M.J.M.. AU - Lentjens, M.H.. AU - Pachen, M.M.M.. AU - Smits, K.M.. AU - de Bruine, A.P.. AU - Goldbohm, R.A.. AU - van den Brandt, P.A.. PY - 2003/1/1. Y1 - 2003/1/1. N2 - K-ras oncogene mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study.Brink M, de Goeij AF, Weijenberg MP, Roemen GM, Lentjes MH, Pachen MM, Smits KM, de Bruine AP, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA.Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, The Netherlands. [email protected] of K-ras oncogene has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, being mutated in 30-60% of the adenocarcinomas. In this study, 737 incident colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, originating from 120 852 men and women (55-69 years at baseline) participating in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A single institute retrospective trial of concurrent chemotherapy with SIR-Spheres® versus SIR-Spheres® alone in chemotherapyresistant colorectal cancer liver metastases. AU - Cho, May. AU - Kessler, Jonathan. AU - Park, John J.. AU - Lee, Aram. AU - Gong, Jun. AU - Singh, Gagandeep. AU - Chen, Yi Jen. AU - Ituarte, Philip H.G.. AU - Fakih, Marwan. PY - 2017/8/1. Y1 - 2017/8/1. N2 - Background: The use of selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium 90 resin microspheres (SIRSpheres ®) in chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer liver metastases has been associated with favorable progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival when given alone or concurrently with chemotherapy. We conducted a single institute retrospective trial to explore the potential impact of SIR-Spheres® with concurrent chemotherapy vs. SIR-Spheres® alone on liver PFS in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods: Patients with 5-fluorouracil-refractory CRLM treated with ...

Conditions: Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm; Malignant Hepatobiliary Neoplasm; Partner; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Colorectal Cancer; Stage III Lung Cancer; Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage III Skin Melanoma; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIC Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Cervical Cancer; Stage IV Colorectal Cancer; Stage IV Lung Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Skin Melanoma; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine ...

Conditions: Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm; Malignant Hepatobiliary Neoplasm; Partner; Stage III Breast Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Colorectal Cancer; Stage III Lung Cancer; Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage III Skin Melanoma; Stage III Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer; Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIB Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer; Stage IIIC Skin Melanoma; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Cervical Cancer; Stage IV Colorectal Cancer; Stage IV Lung Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Skin Melanoma; Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IVA Uterine ...

BACKGROUND Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) using guaiac based faecal occult blood tests (FOBT) has an estimated programme sensitivity of |60% but |30% for strictly asymptomatic CRC in a single screening round. In search for improved non-invasive tests for screening, we compared a test for faecal calprotectin (PhiCal) with a human haemoglobin immunochemical FOBT (FlexSure OBT). METHODS In the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) trial, screenees in one screening arm were offered screening with combined flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) and FlexSure OBT. They were also requested to bring a fresh frozen sample of stool for the PhiCal test which was performed on samples from screenees with CRC (n = 16), high risk adenoma (n = 195), low risk adenoma (n = 592), and no adenoma (n = 1518) (2321 screenees in total). A positive PhiCal test was defined by a calprotectin level | or =50 microg/g. RESULTS The PhiCal test was positive in 24-27% of screenees whether they had no adenoma, low risk adenoma

Peltomäki P, Olkinuora A, Nieminen TT. Introduction: Up to one third of colorectal cancers show familial clustering and 5% are hereditary single-gene disorders. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer comprises DNA mismatch repair-deficient and -proficient subsets, represented by Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX), respectively. Accurate knowledge of molecular etiology and genotype-phenotype correlations are critical for tailored cancer prevention and treatment.. Areas covered: The authors highlight advances in the molecular dissection of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, based on recent literature retrieved from PubMed. Future possibilities for novel gene discoveries are discussed.. Expert commentary: LS is molecularly well established, but new information is accumulating of the associated clinical and tumor phenotypes. FCCTX remains poorly defined, but several promising candidate genes have been discovered and share some preferential biological ...

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence within a family of multiple cases of colorectal cancer in the absence of gastrointestinal polyposis. The prevalence of this syndrome is not yet clear, but it may account for 1%-5% of all colorectal cancers. Prior to the identification of the genetic basis of this syndrome, the disease was recognized by the familial aggregation of colorectal cancers that had an early age of onset, an excess of proximally located, and often multiple, primary tumors, and an excess occurrence of cancers in certain other organs. The recent description of an abnormality called microsatellite instability, present in almost all cancers from HNPCC patients and in about 12%-15% of sporadic cases, led to a series of discoveries that linked this type of genomic instability to a defect in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. Independent investigators have identified four HNPCC genes: hMSH2 (a homologue of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A phase II study of continuous infusion 5‐fluorouracil and leucovorin with weekly cisplatin in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. AU - Grem, Jean L.. AU - McAtee, Nanette. AU - Balis, Frank. AU - Murphy, Robert. AU - Venzon, David. AU - Kramer, Barnett. AU - Goldspiel, Barry. AU - Begley, Martin. AU - Allegra, Carmen J.. PY - 1993/8/1. Y1 - 1993/8/1. N2 - Background. Prolonged infusional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and bolus 5‐FU modulated by leucovorin are associated with higher response rates than bolus 5‐FU alone. Cisplatin enhances 5‐FU cytotoxicity in some preclinical models. Methods. The authors tested the feasibility of combining concurrent infusional leucovorin (500 mg/m2/d) with protracted infusional 5‐FU (200 mg/m2/d) and weekly bolus cisplatin (20 mg/m2) in 22 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Results. Four partial responses (PR) were noticed among 21 evaluable patients (19%). The median time to treatment failure and median survival were 6 months and 11 ...

We conducted this study to assess whether KRAS codon 12-mutated tumors represent a more aggressive subtype as compared with either KRAS codon 13-mutated tumors or KRAS wild-type tumors, within a group of BRAF wild-type tumors (i.e., controlling for BRAF mutation status). We showed that KRAS codon 12 mutations, but not codon 13 mutations, were associated with significantly higher mortality compared with KRAS wild-type/BRAF wild-type cases. In particular, c.35G,T (p.G12V) mutation was associated with the highest colorectal cancer-specific mortality (multivariate HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.38-2.90, P = 0.0003). Our data are consistent with previous laboratory studies (24, 25), suggesting that the presence of a mutation in KRAS codon 12 confers substantially greater oncogenic potential as compared with codon 13 mutation. Our data are also consistent with a recent study that showed that KRAS codon 12 mutations, but not codon 13 mutations, conferred resistance to cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer ...

Intratumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte level and prominent peritumoral Crohns-like lymphoid reaction appear to be independent prognostic factors for survival in colorectal cancer, according to a study reported by Rozek et al in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. The findings suggest that enhanced lymphocytic reaction may be associated with improved survival.. Study Details. The study involved assessment of 2,369 incident colorectal cancers from a population-based case-control study in northern Israel. Multivariate analysis for colorectal cancer-specific and overall survival included tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte level, Crohns-like lymphoid reaction, microsatellite instability, age, sex, ethnicity, grade, and stage. In grading Crohns-like lymphoid reaction, the advancing edge of the tumor was assessed for prominent inflammatory reaction, defined as a minimum of three lymphoid aggregates per section; if the advancing edge of the tumor was not present, the field was graded as ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Treatment strategies for locally advanced rectal cancer with synchronous resectable liver metastasis. AU - Park, Youn Young. AU - Kim, Namkyu. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Approximately one-third of patients with colorectal cancer are estimated to be diagnosed with synchronous liver metastasis (LM). The only method to get cured is to achieve curative resection for both primary and LM. When it comes to locally advanced rectal cancer with synchronous LM, determination of the treatment strategy for each individual is a quite complex procedure, because it demands sophisticated consideration for both local and systemic control. Timing for the application of systemic chemotherapy (CTx), determination of a chemotherapeutic agent, radiation dose and fractions, and sequencing of preoperative treatment and surgeries are all essential components for establishing optimal treatment strategies for the patients with this disease. In this article, treatment strategies proposed in the ...

The relation between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer remains controversial. The authors of this 1984-2004 US study examined the association among 3,897 occupationally exposed participants in the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer, followed prospectively for 10-18 years. When a Cox stratified proportional hazards model was used, risks of colorectal cancer were elevated among male heavy smokers exposed to asbestos. Their relative risk was 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.93) when compared with that for CARET heavy smokers not exposed to asbestos, after adjusting for age, smoking history, and intervention arm. The presence of asbestos-induced pleural plaques at baseline was associated with a relative risk of 1.54 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 2.40); colorectal cancer risk also increased with worsening pulmonary asbestosis (p = 0.03 for trend). A dose-response trend based on years of asbestos exposure was less evident. Nonetheless, ...

To reduce the risk of adverse events related to colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a conventional knife, we used a scissors-type knife (SB Knife Jr.) that allowed us to prevented unexpected muscular-layer injury. The aims of our study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD using a SB Knife Jr. for early colorectal neoplasms. 121 lesions in 115 patients (M: F=63: 52; median age=68) were resected with ESD using a SB Knife Jr. from October 2010 to March 2014. We evaluated en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, size of tumor, adverse events and local recurrence rate. The sites of the neoplasms included the following: 39 lesions were located in the right colon; 38 in the left colon; and 44 in the rectum. By histological examination, 57 lesions were intramucosal cancers, 14 slightly submucosal cancers ...

Background While colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most preventable causes of cancer mortality, it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Canada where CRC screening uptake is suboptimal. Given the increased rate of mortality and morbidity among mental health patients, their condition could be a potential barrier to CRC screening due to greater difficulties in adhering to behaviours related to long-term health goals. Using a population-based study among Canadians, we hypothesize that self-perceived mental health (SPMH) status and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) uptake for the screening of CRC are associated. Methods The current study is cross-sectional and utilised data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011-2012. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess whether SPMH is independently associated with FOBT uptake among a representative sample of 11 386 respondents aged 50-74 years. Results Nearly half of the respondents reported having ever had FOBT for CRC

TY - JOUR. T1 - Making it work. T2 - Health care provider perspectives on strategies to increase colorectal cancer screening in federally qualified health centers. AU - Gwede, Clement K.. AU - Davis, Stacy N.. AU - Quinn, Gwendolyn P.. AU - Koskan, Alexis M.. AU - Ealey, Jamila. AU - Abdulla, Rania. AU - Vadaparampil, Susan T.. AU - Elliott, Gloria. AU - Lopez, Diana. AU - Shibata, David. AU - Roetzheim, Richard G.. AU - Meade, Cathy D.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2013/12. Y1 - 2013/12. N2 - Colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) rates are low among men and women who seek health care at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). This study explores health care providers perspectives about their patients motivators and impediments to CRCS and receptivity to preparatory education. A mixed methods design consisting of in-depth interviews, focus groups, and a short survey is used in this study. The participants of this study are 17 health care providers ...

6446 people were mailed invitations, and 1483 were screened (23% participation rate). Another 1122 people volunteered, giving 2605 people screened overall. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed adenomatous polyps in 352 people (14%), and colonoscopy was recommended in 399 (15%) on the basis of clinically suspicious lesions. Colonoscopy was performed in 302 (76% participation rate). Screening and follow-up colonoscopy detected 14 colorectal cancers (10 invasive, with eight of these Dukes stage A). One participant was diagnosed with colorectal cancer 12 months after sigmoidoscopy gave normal results. Incidence of colorectal cancer was 119 per 100000 per year, and prevalence was 0.5%. Before the screening program, 12% of cancers diagnosed at our hospital were Dukes stage A, compared with 28% after (P,0.001).. CONCLUSIONS ...

Colorectal cancer is a significant issue internationally, with over 1.3 million people diagnosed annually. Survival rates are increasing as treatments improve, although physical symptoms can persist despite eradication of the tumour. In order to optimize survivorship care, further research is warranted in relation to symptom burden. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) investigate frequency of physical symptoms in colorectal cancer survivors (ii) identify which symptoms occur together (iii) examine the associations between demographic and clinical variables, and symptoms. Participants nine months to three years post diagnosis were identified from the population-based National Cancer Registry Ireland. Respondents completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR29. Reported physical symptom frequencies were transformed into continuous scale variables, which were then analysed using one way analysis of variance, general linear modelling and Spearman rank correlations. There were 496 participants.

In 1999, the Prevent Cancer Foundation led the charge to designate March as National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. To achieve the designation, the Foundation worked closely with legislators, the American Digestive Health Foundation and the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable. The designation became official on November 19, 1999, with a declaration by the U.S. Senate, followed shortly by a resolution of the House of Representatives and an official proclamation by the White House. The Foundation raised awareness by creating popular buddy bracelets featuring the tagline, Preventable. Treatable. Beatable! Indeed, while colorectal cancer affects both men and women in almost equal numbers, and is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States - there are several screening methods available, making the disease highly preventable. ...

Background : Results of epidemiologic studies suggest that there is limited evidence for the association between cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal cancer. Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps, which are recognized as precursors of colorectal cancer, while few studies have examined the...

The evidence on the agreement between self-reported health resource use and administrative records is mixed and no gold standard exists. The objective of this study was to assess self-reported general practitioner (GP) and specialist doctor visits, as well as medication use via telephone interview against national insurance administrative data for colorectal cancer survivors. In a sample of 76 adults recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer, data was abstracted from telephone survey items on GP visits, specialist visits and medication use over the previous six months and compared with data on the same individuals from administrative data. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of frequency of visits and kappa statistics were derived for four broad categories of medicines used for gastrointestinal conditions, cardiovascular disease, psychological conditions and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Logistic regression was undertaken to assess factors associated

It is generally accepted that adenomatous polyps represent the natural precursor of many colorectal malignancies. The sequence, however, which leads from a normally appearing mucosa to cancer is complex and involves many steps, including a hyperproliferative mucosa with an upward expansion of the replicative compartment. The current study evaluates cell replication in normal colorectal mucosa of patients with adenomatous polyps of various types and relates the observed findings to the main clinical and morphologic features of adenomas. Forty-four patients with polyps and 27 controls entered the study. Samples of colorectal mucosa were taken at endoscopy and cell replication was evaluated with a standard autoradiographic procedure. Cell replication was expressed as labeling index (LI), in the whole crypt and in each of the five longitudinal compartments in which the crypts were divided. Total LI and LI per crypt compartment were significantly higher (P , 0.02 and P , 0.01, respectively) than in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Risk factors for early recurrence after curative hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. AU - Yamashita, Yo Ichi. AU - Adachi, Eisuke. AU - Toh, Yasushi. AU - Ohgaki, Kippei. AU - Ikeda, Osamu. AU - Oki, Eiji. AU - Minami, Kazuhito. AU - Sakaguchi, Yoshihisa. AU - Tsujita, Eiji. AU - Okamura, Takeshi. PY - 2011/4/1. Y1 - 2011/4/1. N2 - Purpose. With the broadening indications for hepatectomy to treat colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), early recurrence is a major problem. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of early recurrence, defi ned as recurrence within 1 year after surgery. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on 121 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM. Results. Among 121 patients, 52 (43.0%) developed early recurrence. The independent risk factor for early recurrence was number of liver metastases ≥3 (odds ratio 2.65). There were signifi cantly more patients with liver recurrence (51.9%) and recurrence beyond curative ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Predictors of colorectal cancer following a negative in the medicare population. AU - Singh, Amanpal. AU - Kuo, Yong Fang. AU - Riall, Taylor S.. AU - Raju, G. S.. AU - Goodwin, James. PY - 2011/11. Y1 - 2011/11. N2 - Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer following a normal colonoscopy in the Medicare population is not known. Methods: A 5% national sample of Medicare enrollees from 1996 to 2005 was used to identify patients undergoing complete colonoscopy. A colonoscopy not associated with any procedure (e.g., biopsy, polypectomy or fulguration) was defined as a negative colonoscopy. Patients with history of inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer or death within 12 months of colonoscopy were excluded. A multivariable model was constructed to evaluate the factors associated with a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the period from 12 to 120 months following the negative colonoscopy. Results: Among 200,857 patients (mean age 74 years, 61% female, 92% White) with ...

A case-control study was conducted in Uruguay, in order to investigate the relationship between heterocyclic amine intake and colorectal cancer risk. The study included 250 cases of colorectal cancer and 500 controls, frequency-matched with the cases on age, sex, and residence. A significant increase in risk of colorectal cancer associated with red meat, beef and fried meat was observed. Heterocyclic amines were associated with a significant increase in the risk of colorectal cancer in males and females. This increased risk persisted after controlling for total energy, total meat and total fat intake. On the other hand, total meat and total fat intake were not longer significant. This latter finding suggests that heterocyclic amine exposure is central in colorectal carcinogenesis ...

With more than 940,000 new colorectal cancer cases worldwide each year, there is no better way for colorectal cancer routine screening. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the fatty acid binding to albumin is detectably and significantly altered in colorectal cancer patients when compared with healthy people, in order to find a better way for colorectal cancer diagnosis. One hundred and forty-one patients operatively treated for colorectal cancer were included in the examination, and 180 healthy people were also enrolled as controls. Commercial 16-doxyl stearic acid was used as spin probe. Serum albumin was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with spin probe. Discriminant analysis was carried out using the measured EPR spectra by SPSS 20.0. Of the original grouped cases, 89.4% were correctly classified. Of the

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against routine screening after 75 years of age. Options for screening include high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing annually, flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years with high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing every three years, or colonoscopy every 10 years. In 2012, the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer updated its surveillance guidelines to promote the appropriate use of colonoscopy resources and reduce harms from delayed or unnecessary procedures; these guidelines provide recommendations for when to repeat colonoscopy based on findings. Adenomatous and serrated polyps have malignant potential and warrant early surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with

TY - JOUR. T1 - Estimation of colorectal adenoma recurrence with dependent censoring. AU - Hsu, Chiu Hsieh. AU - Long, Qi. AU - Alberts, David S.. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Background. Due to early colonoscopy for some participants, interval-censored observations can be introduced into the data of a colorectal polyp prevention trial. The censoring could be dependent of risk of recurrence if the reasons of having early colonoscopy are associated with recurrence. This can complicate estimation of the recurrence rate. Methods. We propose to use midpoint imputation to convert interval-censored data problems to right censored data problems. To adjust for potential dependent censoring, we use information from auxiliary variables to define risk groups to perform the weighted Kaplan-Meier estimation to the midpoint imputed data. The risk groups are defined using two risk scores derived from two working proportional hazards models with the auxiliary variables as the covariates. One is for the recurrence ...

In 10-20% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), carcinogenesis is due to genomic defects in the mismatch repair machinery. Defective DNA repair as a result of germ-line mutations has been linked to sporadic colorectal carcinoma, and also to those carcinomas arising in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) syndrome. In both settings, the mutations and promoter hypomethylation occur mainly in the genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 of the mismatch repair system, and result in loss of their expression.1 Further, defects in the mismatch repair process with subsequent base pair mismatches lead to microsatellite instability (MSI).1 2 Since the failure of the repair system as a cause of genomic instability is associated with a better prognosis1 3 many different microsatellite loci have been used to identify MSI in tumours for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.2 In an attempt to provide uniformity in clinical diagnoses, an international meeting at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommended ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Increased risk of colorectal adenomas in Italian subjects carrying the p53 PIN3 A2-Pro72 haplotype. AU - Perfumo, Chiara. AU - Bonelli, Luigina. AU - Menichini, Paola. AU - Inga, Alberto. AU - Gismondi, Viviana. AU - Ciferri, Enrico. AU - Percivale, Pierluigi. AU - Bianchi Scarrà, Giovanna. AU - Nasti, Sabina. AU - Fronza, Gilberto. AU - Varesco, Liliana. PY - 2007/4. Y1 - 2007/4. N2 - Background: Few reports have investigated the association of two p53 polymorphisms (Arg72Pro and PIN3-A2) with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and no previous study has analyzed their role as susceptibility alleles for colorectal adenoma. Aim: To explore the impact of the p53 PIN3-Arg72Pro haplotype on colorectal adenoma formation and progression to cancer. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four colorectal tumor patients (124 with adenomas and 60 with adenocarcinoma) and 188 controls (42 subjects with a clean colon, 54 hospital controls and 92 blood donors) from the Italian population were tested for ...

A look at the following clinical trial: Collecting Information From Patients and Family Members With Hereditary Colorectal Cancer or Polyposis Syndrome or Who Are at High Risk of Developing Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

IMPORTANCE: Up to 30% of patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) present as an emergency (an intestinal obstruction, perforation, or emergency hospital admission) (OPE). There are limited data about the association of organized, population-based colorectal cancer screening with the rate of emergency presentations.. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of CRC screening with OPE at cancer diagnosis and time trends in the rate of OPE after the start of organized CRC screening using a highly sensitive fecal occult blood test.. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A historical cohort study was conducted among 1861 individuals 52 to 74 years of age with a diagnosis of CRC from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2015, who lived in Winnipeg, Manitoba, a province with universal health care and an organized CRC screening program. Statistical analysis was performed from January 22, 2019, to February 26, 2020.. EXPOSURES: Variables included prior CRC screening, era of diagnosis, cancer stage at ...

Background We previously identified an association between a mismatch repair gene, MLH1, promoter SNP (rs1800734) and microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs) in two samples. The current study expanded on this finding as we explored the genetic basis of DNA methylation in this region of chromosome 3. We hypothesized that specific polymorphisms in the MLH1 gene region predispose it to DNA methylation, resulting in the loss of MLH1 gene expression, mismatch-repair function, and consequently to genome-wide microsatellite instability. Methodology/Principal Findings We first tested our hypothesis in one sample from Ontario (901 cases, 1,097 controls) and replicated major findings in two additional samples from Newfoundland and Labrador (479 cases, 336 controls) and from Seattle (591 cases, 629 controls). Logistic regression was used to test for association between SNPs in the region of MLH1 and CRC, MSI-H CRC, MLH1 gene expression in CRC, and DNA methylation in CRC. The association between

NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1, also mEH) are attractive candidate enzymes for association with colorectal neoplasia because they metabolize a number of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have been linked with colorectal carcinogenesis. We examined the relationship between NQO1C609T, mEH3, mEH4 and risk of sporadic distal colorectal adenomas in one of the largest case-control studies of 946 polyp-free controls and 894 cases, all participants of the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening (UKFSS) Trial. The polymorphisms were examined as independent risk factors and evidence for interaction with smoking and alcoholic drinks was sought. The NQO1 609*T allele was positively associated with high-risk adenoma in this population [odds ratio (OR), 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.83]. Elevated risk estimates were seen in smokers independently of the genotype but the association was stronger among current smokers with ...

BACKGROUND: Excess body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and certain dietary factors are individually related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, little is known about their joint effects. The aim of this study was to develop a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) composed of five potentially modifiable lifestyle factors - healthy weight, physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption and a healthy diet, and to explore the association of this index with CRC incidence using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: In the EPIC cohort, a total of 347,237 men and women, 25- to 70-years old, provided dietary and lifestyle information at study baseline (1992 to 2000). Over a median follow-up time of 12 years, 3,759 incident CRC cases were identified. The association between a HLI and CRC risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and population attributable risks (PARs) ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Use of imaging to predict complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy. T2 - MR imaging versus CT imaging. AU - Park, Min Jung. AU - Hong, Nurhee. AU - Han, Kyunghwa. AU - Kim, Min Ju. AU - Lee, Yoon Jin. AU - Park, Yang Shin. AU - Rha, Sung Eun. AU - Park, Sumi. AU - Lee, Won Jae. AU - Park, Seong Ho. AU - Lee, Chang Hee. AU - Nam, Chung Mo. AU - An, Chansik. AU - Kim, Hye Jin. AU - Kim, Honsoul. AU - Park, Mi Suk. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © RSNA, 2017. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/8. Y1 - 2017/8. N2 - Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performances of contrast agent-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (referred to as EOB MR imaging) in the evaluation of disappearing colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) after chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The eight institutional review boards approved this ...

Prior to the beginning of homeopathic treatment:. Suffered from metastatic colorectal cancer, abscess appeared after surgery, hospitalization again and treatment of antibiotics for 1.5 month, abscess had reduced in size but didnt disappear, symptoms of weakness, diminished appetite, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, assistance for eating and moving required, chemotherapy treatment postponed, increase of oncomarkers in blood tests. High blood levels of TSH and Cholesterol.. The Results of Homeopathic Treatment:. Strength restored and improved appetite, breathing returned to normal and capable of managing independently, markers of blood tests decreased significantly, great improvement in overall health allowed to start chemotherapy treatment. Normal blood levels of TSH and Cholesterol.. Restore your health and happiness. ...

Colorectal cancer, breast cancer and skin cancer are commonly-reported cancer types in the U.S. Although radiation and chemotherapy are routinely used to treat cancer, they produce side effects in patients. Additionally, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs has been noticed in cancers. Thus, there is a need for effective and safe bioprophylactics and biotherapeutics in cancer therapy. The medicinal value of goat milk has been recognized for centuries and is primarily attributed to three fatty acids, namely capric, caprylic and caproic acids. This research investigates the anticancer property of these fatty acids on human colorectal, skin and mammary gland cancer cells. The cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of fatty acids for 48 h, and cell viability was monitored by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Additionally, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to elucidate the potential anti-cancer mechanisms of the three

Instability of microsatellites is a hallmark of the DNA replication error phenotype (RER+) due to the inactivation of mismatch repair genes. In humans, microsatellite instability has first been described in colorectal tumors developing in either hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or sporadic patients. Colorectal tumorigenesis in RER+ and RER- tumors is probably due to distinct mechanisms, and RER+ tumors have a better prognosis than RER- tumors. The study of the RER status of a tumor may thus be important in the future to determine biological prognosis factors and investigate therapeutical strategies. The RER status of 134 primary tumors and 26 cell lines derived from colorectal cancers was established by PCR amplification and analysis of a minimum of 32 microsatellite loci. This characterization allowed us to unambiguously classify 35 primary tumors and 7 cell lines as RER+. Typing of a single poly(A) tract, BAT-26, was sufficient to confirm the RER status of 159 of these 160 tumors and ...

The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in South Korea rapidly. In female participants, total excess fat and specific fatty acid intake were not associated with risk of colorectal adenoma. These data support that high SFA intake is definitely associated with risk of colorectal adenoma in Korean males. test for continuous variables were performed for statistical comparisons in the study populace. All nutrient intakes were modified by total energy intake using the residual regression method.[19] Each type of excess fat and fatty acid intake was stratified into quintiles to analyze trends Torin 1 in risk by level of exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) for colorectal adenomatous Torin 1 polyps in the higher intake organizations (Q2CQ5) were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis by using the least expensive (Q1) as the research group. Age; body mass index; waist circumference; diabetic state; first-degree family history of colorectal malignancy; history of colonoscopic ...

American Gastroenterological Association. Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomatous polyps clinical decision support tool. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(4):925-926. PMID: 25151575 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151575. Itzkowitz SH, Potack J. Colonic polyps and polyposis syndromes. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtrans Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 126.. Lieberman DA, Rex DK, Winawer SJ, Giardiello FM, Johnson DA, Levin TR; United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):844-857. PMID: 22763141 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763141. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN guidelines): colorectal cancer screening. Version 2.2016. ...