This is a phase II study to assess whether treatment with chemotherapy drugs FOLFOX (5-Fluorouracil (5FU), Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid)) or FOLFIRI (5-Fluorouracil (5FU), Irinotecan (Camptosar) and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid))and panitumumab before and after surgery can improve outcome in patients with liver metastases (the cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as the liver) that are resectable (can be surgically removed), from colorectal cancer that have a non mutant (wild-type) K-ras gene.. FOLFOX/FOLFIRI is an intravenous (given by vein) chemotherapy combination that is approved for colorectal cancer while panitumumab is also an intravenous drug and have been approved for treatment of refractory (not responding treatment) metastatic colorectal cancer whose cancers have the K-ras gene. These drugs are not approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) who can have surgery.. Patients will receive FOLFOX/FOLFIRI and panitumumab for four ...

Dysregulation of microRNAs has been confirmed to serve an important role in cancer development and progression. However, the role of microRNA (miR)‑544 in colorectal cancer progression remains unknown. In the present study, it was observed that the expression level of miR‑544 was increased in breast cancer cell lines and tissues using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of miR‑544 promoted cell proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer, whereas inhibition of miR‑544 suppressed colorectal cancer progression as determined using MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays. Furthermore, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was a direct target of miR‑544. FOXO1 mediated miR‑544‑regulated colorectal cancer progression and cell cycle distribution. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that miR‑544 serves an important role in promoting human colorectal cancer cell progression ...

Whether to perform primary tumor resection in patients with asymptomatic Stage IV colorectal cancer remains controversial; however, the more aggressively we perform radical resection and metastasectomy to selected patients, the more survival benefits the patients obtain.

PubMed journal article: Prognostic significance of the lymph node ratio in stage IV colorectal cancer patients who have undergone curative resection. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

We established an in vivo model of organ-specific colorectal cancer metastasis and demonstrated that the CD110+ tumor initiating cells contribute for colorectal liver metastasis. To gain a deeper understanding of its metastatic capacity, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on the CD110+ tumor cells derived from primary colon xenografts and their matched liver metastases. Results provide important information of the responses of the CD110+ cells during the process of liver colonization. Total RNA obtained from the CD110+ cells sorted from primary colorectal tumors (CRC102-PT and CRC108-PT) compared to those from the corresponding liver metastases (CRC102-LM and CRC108-LM).

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Recurrence and Prognosis after R0 Resection for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

BACKGROUND: Identification of high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy, is challenging. Current clinical guidelines rely mainly on histopathological markers with relatively weak prognostic value. This motivates further search for prognostic markers.. METHODS: This explorative study aimed to identify potential candidate gene mutations to facilitate differentiation between subgroups of patients with CRC stage II. Panel-based massive parallel sequencing was used to genetically characterize tumor tissues from 85 patients radically operated for CRC stage II, of which 12 developed recurrent cancer during follow-up. Genetic data was compared between patients with or without cancer recurrence, between tumors located in colon and in rectum, and for association with tumor differentiation grade.. RESULTS: Genetic variation in ATM, C11ORF65 was associated with recurrence-free survival. Previous reports regarding the association between BRAF mutation ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - IGFBP-3 gene methylation in primary tumor predicts recurrence of stage II colorectal cancers. AU - Fu, Tao. AU - Pappou, Emmanouil P.. AU - Guzzetta, Angela A.. AU - De Freitas Calmon, Marilia. AU - Sun, Lifeng. AU - Herrera, Alexander. AU - Li, Fan. AU - Wolfgang, Christopher L.. AU - Baylin, Stephen B.. AU - Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.. AU - Tong, Weidong. AU - Ahuja, Nita. N1 - Funding Information: Supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. CA140599 and CA127141); the Society of University Surgeons Award, Jeannik M. Littlefield-American Association of Cancer Research grant in metastatic colon cancer (Grant No. K23 CA127141); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81000898 and 81472289). We thank Kathy Bender and Joann Murphy for administrative support. We also thank Sharon Metzger-Gaud, Theresa Sanlorenzo-Caswell, and the Johns Hopkins Cancer Registry for assistance with the primary cancer databases.. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - ...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved panitumumab (Vectibix) for use in combination with FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) as first-line treatment in patients with wild-type KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer.. This approval converts the accelerated monotherapy approval granted in 2006 to a full approval. Panitumumab was previously approved by the FDA as a monotherapy for patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer after disease progression and prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. The agent is not indicated for the treatment of patients with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer or for whom KRAS mutation status is unknown.. The FDA has also approved the therascreen KRAS test as a companion diagnostic to guide use of panitumumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.. Phase III Studies. The approval is based on results from the phase III PRIME and -ASPECCT trials. The ...

Although disease stage is the most relevant factor influencing treatment choice in locally advanced radically resected colorectal cancer, it is not uncommon to observe disease relapse in patients with apparent low risk stage that are usually excluded from an adjuvant therapy. On the contrary we also know that some patients with high risk stage are not likely to relapse independently from medical treatment received. Preclinical data suggested that cancer stem cells may influence the biological behaviour of many solid tumours including colorectal cancer. We tested a panel of genetic markers of stemness in resected Dukes stage B and C colorectal cancer and their impact on prognosis. We performed k-means unsupervised clustering (K = 2) using the mRNA expression data of 66 genes. The algorithm divided the patients into two groups (A and B) and most of the patients clustered in a manner consistent with relapse free survival, defined as the time between primary surgery and first radiological sign of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Systematic review of internet patient information on colorectal cancer surgery. AU - Wasserman, M.. AU - Baxter, N. N.. AU - Rosen, B.. AU - Burnstein, M.. AU - Halverson, A. L.. PY - 2014/1. Y1 - 2014/1. N2 - Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer often seek information on the Internet to help them make treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of Web-based patient information regarding surgery for colorectal cancer. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional survey of patientdirected Web sites. SETTINGS: The search engine Google (Mountain View, CA) and the search terms colorectal cancer surgery, colon cancer surgery, and rectal cancer surgery were used to identify Web sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To assess quality, we used the DISCERN instrument, a validated questionnaire developed to analyze written consumer health information on treatment options to aid consumers in evaluating the quality of health-related information on treatment ...

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer - Pipeline Review, H1 2014SummaryGlobal Markets Directs, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer - Pipeline Review, H1 2014, provides an overview of the Metastatic Colorectal Cancers therapeutic pipeline.This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics

Background Oxaliplatin is effective in adjuvant and first-line colorectal cancer chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin-induced severe chronic neurotoxicity is the main dose-limiting adverse event. No standard treatment for oxaliplatin-induced chronic neurotoxicity has been identified.. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective pilot clinical trial to explore whether neurotropin has neuroprotective effects on chronic neurotoxicity. From May 1 2010 to July 1 2011, 80 stage II and III colorectal cancer patients who were eligible to receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy voluntarily enrolled in the trial. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, one of which received neurotropin treatment.. Results The patients in the control group experienced significantly ≥ grade 2 and ≥ grade 3 neurotoxicity (by NCI CTCAE grading) than did those in the neurotropin group (60.9% vs. 38%, for at least grade 2 neurotoxicity, P = 0.001; 39% vs. 2.7%, for at least grade 3 neurotoxicity, P < 0.001). If ...

MedStar Montgomery Medical Center offers a wide array of advanced colorectal cancer treatments for both complex and common colorectal cancer types.

Overview. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor developed in the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are on the rise, and most patients are diagnosed in the middle and late stage. Globally, the incidence of colorectal cancer ranks third among the incidence of all cancers, and colorectal cancer mortality ranks fourth among cancer-caused deaths.. Colorectal cancer gene detection is detection of colorectal cancer-related genes in samples of cancer tissue and peripheral blood through use of high-throughput sequencing platform. Through colorectal cancer gene detection, detection of genes associated with colorectal cancer and conventional chemotherapy for colorectal cancer and personalized medication guidance for patients can be achieved.. The Necessity of Genetic Testing. KRAS genes will affect the efficacy of cetuximab and panitumumab. The effective rate of first-line treatment of wild-type KRAS gene colorectal cancer with cetuximab or Pani ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous and biologically poorly understood disease. To tailor CRC treatment, it is essential to first model this heterogeneity by defining subtypes of patients with homogeneous biological and clinical characteristics and second match these subtypes to cell lines for which extensive pharmacological data is available, thus linking targeted therapies to patients most likely to respond to treatment. We applied a new unsupervised, iterative approach to stratify CRC tumor samples into subtypes based on genome-wide mRNA expression data. By applying this stratification to several CRC cell line panels and integrating pharmacological response data, we generated hypotheses regarding the targeted treatment of different subtypes. In agreement with earlier studies, the two dominant CRC subtypes are highly correlated with a gene expression signature of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Notably, further dividing these two subtypes using iNMF (iterative Non-negative Matrix

TY - JOUR. T1 - The prevalent KRAS exon 2 c.35 G,A mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: A biomarker of worse prognosis and potential benefit of bevacizumab-containing intensive regimens?. AU - Russo, Antonio. AU - Tessitore, Alessandra. AU - Bruera, Gemma. AU - Cannita, Katia. AU - Ricevuto, Enrico. AU - Ficorella, Corrado. AU - Alesse, Edoardo. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy differently predict increased efficacy in KRAS exon 2 mutant and wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients. Mutant compared to wild-type status did not significantly affect progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients fit for first line bevacizumab-containing FIr-B/FOx regimen, and after progression. In patients unfit for intensive regimens, mutant status significantly affected PFS, while not OS. Codon 12 KRAS mutations differentially affect GTPase function, and confer worse clinical behaviour. Prognostic relevance of the prevalent c.35 G. ...

Physical activity is consistently associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in epidemiologic studies. This association among higher risk subgroups, such as those with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer or high body mass index remains unclear. We searched MEDLINE for studies examining physical activity and colorectal cancer risk among higher risk subgroups through July 11, 2017. Fifteen and three studies were eligible for inclusion for body mass index and first-degree family history of colorectal cancer subgroups, respectively. Estimates of the highest to lowest comparison of physical activity for each subgroup of risk were pooled using random-effects models. The pooled associations of physical activity and colorectal cancer risk for those without and with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer were 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-0.80) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.39-1.32), respectively (pheterogeneity = 0.586). The pooled associations of physical activity and

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pipeline Review, H2 2012 Global Markets Directs, \Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pipeline Review, H2 2012\, provides an overview of the Metastatic Colorectal Cancer therapeutic pipeline. This report provides information on the therapeutic development for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, complete with latest updates, and special features on late-stage and discontinued p

FOLFIRI Combined with Bevacizumab as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Hyperbilirubinemia after UGT1A1 Genotyping. Yeh, Yung-Sung; Huang, Meng-Lin; Chang, Se-Fen; Chen, Chin-Fan; Hu, Huang-Ming; Wang, Jaw-Yuan // Medical Principles & Practice;Sep2014, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p478 Objective: To report a metastatic colorectal cancer patient with hyperbilirubinemia treated with a combination of bevacizumab and FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) using uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) genotyping. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A... ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prior exposure to colorectal examinations between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and matched control participants to estimate the effect of these examinations on the development of CRC and to obtain insight into the background incidence of colorectal examinations. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted within the Dutch Integrated Primary Care Information database over the period 1996-2005. All incident CRC cases were matched with up to 18 controls (n=7,790) for age, sex, index date (date of CRC diagnosis) and follow-up before diagnosis. All colorectal examinations performed in symptomatic participants in the period 0.5-5 years before index date were considered in the analyses. RESULTS: Within the source population of 457 024 persons, we identified 594 incident cases of CRC. In the period 0.5-5 years before index date 2.9% (17 of 594) of the CRC cases had undergone colorectal examinations, compared with 4.4% (346 of 7790) in the control population ...

Reference list:. Moulton C-A, Gu C-S, Law CH, Tandan VR, Hart R, Quan D, et al. Effect of PET Before Liver Resection on Surgical Management for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastases: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2014;311(18):1863-9.. Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, Etten B van, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM-K, et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(1):29-42.. ...

Colorectal Cancer Development Pathway from normal colorectal epithelium to cancer Colorectal cancer develops via an adenoma to carcinoma sequence with the accumulation of a number of genetic and epigenetic mutations (Figure 1‑3) (Morson 1968; Fearon and Vogelstein 1990). The mutations accumulated vary in hereditary cancer depending on the initiating mutation. In their normal…

Colorectal cancer stem cell (CSC) has been regarded to be the root of colorectal cancer progression. However, there is still no effective therapeutic method targeting colorectal CSC in clinical application. Here, we investigated the effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) on colorectal cancer cell stemness. We showed that DCA could reduce colorectal cancer cell stemness in a dose-dependent manner, which is evident by the decreased expression of stemness markers, tumor cell sphere-formation and ...

Significant variability has been reported in the rates of proliferation of colorectal cancer tumors, and faster proliferation is associated with poor patient prognosis (9-12). In primary colorectal tumors, an association has been reported between high-grade (poorly differentiated; refs. 24, 25) or MSI (26) and faster proliferation rates. Here, we show that cell lines that form high-grade tumors when grown as xenografts or have microsatellite instability proliferate significantly faster than cell lines forming low-grade (differentiated) tumors or MSS lines. These results indicate that the proliferative profile of the cell line panel used here closely recapitulates the characteristics of primary colorectal tumors. This is consistent with our recent findings demonstrating that the mutational landscape of colorectal cancer cell lines closely resembles that of primary colorectal cancers (27), and collectively establish cell lines as suitable models for the investigation of this disease. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sequential intrahepatic and systemic fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver. A phase II study. AU - Porta, C.. AU - Danova, M.. AU - Accurso, S.. AU - Tinelli, C.. AU - Girino, M.. AU - Riccardi, A.. AU - Palmeri, S.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Purpose: Several trials have suggested that intrahepatic chemotherapy increases the likelihood of response in advanced colon cancer patients, but has no significant impact on survival due to the development of extrahepatic metastases. We report our experience of combined hepatic intraarterial and systemic chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Methods: A group of 35 patients received intrahepatic FUDR (0.3 mg/kg per day for 14 days by continuous infusion), followed, after 1 weeks rest, by systemic 5-FU and L-leucovorin (370 and 100 mg/m2 per day, respectively, both for 5 consecutive days). After another week off therapy, the combined intrahepatic and systemic regimen was ...

Results An optimal 13-gene expression classifier (PIGR, CXCL13, MMP3, TUBA1B, SESN1, AZGP1, KLK6, EPHA7, SEMA3A, DSC3, CXCL10, ENPP3, BNIP3) for prediction of relapse among patients with stage II CRC was developed using a consecutive Norwegian test series from patients treated according to current standard protocols (n=44, p,0.001, HR=18.2), and its predictive value was successfully validated for patients with stage II CRC in a second Norwegian CRC series collected two decades previously (n=52, p=0.02, HR=3.6). Further validation of the classifier was obtained in a recent external dataset of patients with stage II CRC from other populations (n=108, p=0.001, HR=6.5). Multivariate Cox regression analyses, including all three sample series and various clinicopathological variables, confirmed the independent prognostic value of the classifier (p≤0.004). The classifier was shown to be specific to stage II CRC and does not provide prognostic stratification of patients with stage III CRC. ...

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In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Imperiale et al found that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) colorectal cancer risk assessment tool was able to estimate the current risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia.. Study Details. The study involved 4,457 persons aged 50 to 80 years undergoing first-time screening colonoscopy. The NCI tool was used to calculate the future risk of colorectal cancer on the basis of medical and family histories, lifestyle information, and physical measures. Advanced neoplasia was defined as a sessile serrated polyp or tubular adenoma ≥ 1 cm, a polyp with villous histology or high-grade dysplasia, or colorectal cancer. Subjects had a mean age of 57 years, and 52% were women.. Correlation of Risk. The overall prevalence of advanced neoplasia was 8.26%. Based on quintiles of increasing 5-year estimated absolute colorectal cancer risk, current risks of advanced neoplasia were 2.1%, 4.8%, 6.4%, 10.0%, and 17.6% (P , .001). For quintiles of ...

Etiology of the colorectal cancer is not completely understood. It is not possible to definitely clarify why some people catch the disease and why others do not. What we do know is colorectal cancer is not contagious. This disease is not transmitted from one person to the other.. Age: Risk of being caught by the colorectal cancer increases by aging. Ninety percent of people with final diagnosis of colorectal cancer are older than 50 years. Mean age at diagnosis is around 60 years.. Colorectal polyp: Polyps outgrow on interior wall of the colon. They are common in people older than 50. Polyps are mostly benign in nature or they do not transform into cancer. However, some polyps (i.e. adenomas) may progress into cancer. Diagnosis and excision of polyps substantially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.. Familial history of colorectal cancer: Colorectal cancer is more likely for people who have a family member (parents, siblings or children) with personal history of colorectal cancer. The risk is ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Changes of KRAS Exon 2 Codon 12/13 Mutation Status in Recurrent Colorectal Cancer. AU - Dócs, Ottó. AU - Fazakas, Ferenc. AU - Horváth, Nóra Lugosiné. AU - Tóth, L.. AU - András, C.. AU - Horváth, Z.. AU - Méhes, G.. PY - 2014/9/24. Y1 - 2014/9/24. N2 - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease presenting with a wide spectrum of morphological and molecular characteristics sometimes even within the same patient. To understand the mechanisms of oscillations in the KRAS status we evaluated the collective of CRC patients tested using allele-specific PCR and Sanger-sequencing. Mutant KRAS allele was observed in 43.3 % of cases. Repeated analysis of KRAS status in recurrent tumors or metastases was performed in 18/665 cases and a total of 6 cases with different KRAS status was found. In three cases the histological pattern of the tumor was identical. In one patient different histology and molecular status was seen between the primary and the recurrent tumor samples. ...

Researchers from the University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center and Office of Public Health Studies have found that patients who have type 2 diabetes in addition to other chronic diseases have a lower survival rate for colorectal cancer.. The study. Type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer survival: The multiethnic cohort, published in the International Journal of Cancer, investigated the survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with or without type 2 diabetes, and with additional diseases such as heart disease or stroke. The findings showed type 2 diabetes alone does not significantly affect survival for colorectal cancer patients. However, patients with type 2 diabetes as well as other chronic diseases had a lower survival rate.. The researchers looked at 24 years of health data of more than 215,000 adults from California and Hawaiʻi who participated in the multi-ethnic cohort to identify predictors of survival. Among 3,913 new cases of colorectal cancer, the 707 participants with type 2 ...

In this study, modest correlations of AREG and EREG relative mRNA expression were observed between primary colorectal cancer and corresponding liver metastases. We have previously reported the correlation of VEGF [14], EGFR [15], and 5-FU metabolism-related genes [16] between primary colorectal tumor and liver metastases. Although EGFR mRNA expression showed a relatively strong correlation between the primary tumor and metastases [15], the correlations of AREG and EREG, which are the ligands of the EGFR family, between primary and metastases were weaker than that. The median values of AREG and EREG expression did not differ between primary cancer and metastases, which suggested that there was no up-regulation in the liver metastases. The strength of correlation was similar between synchronous and metachronous metastases, which suggested that expression levels were well preserved, even in relapse, for long time after primary tumor resection. Interestingly, the significance of EREG as a prognostic ...

We established an in vivo model of organ-specific colorectal cancer metastasis and demonstrated that the CD110+ tumor initiating cells contribute for colorectal liver metastasis. To gain a deeper understanding of its metastatic capacity, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on the CD110+ tumor cells derived from primary colon xenografts and their matched liver metastases. Results provide important information of the responses of the CD110+ cells during the process of liver colonization.

Your age. Getting older is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.. Your race and ethnicity. African Americans have a higher risk of getting colorectal cancer (and dying from it) than people of other races. And Ashkenazi Jews (Jewish people whose ancestors came from Eastern Europe) who have inherited certain genes are also at a higher risk for getting colorectal cancer.. Your familys medical history. You are more likely to get colorectal cancer if one of your parents, brothers, sisters, or children has had the disease. Your risk is higher if this family member had colorectal cancer younger than 45 years old, or if more than one family member had the disease.. Some common gene changes increase the chance of colorectal cancer. These changes are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Many people with these changed genes will get colorectal cancer if they arent carefully watched. Genetic testing can tell you if you carry ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Primary tumor sidedness and benefit from FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as initial therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Retrospective analysis of the TRIBE trial by GONO. AU - Cremolini, C. AU - Antoniotti, C. AU - Lonardi, S. AU - Bergamo, F. AU - Cortesi, E. AU - Tomasello, G. AU - Moretto, R. AU - Ronzoni, M. AU - Racca, P. AU - Loupakis, F. AU - Zaniboni, A. AU - Tonini, G. AU - Buonadonna, A. AU - Marmorino, F. AU - Allegrini, G. AU - Granetto, C. AU - Masi, G. AU - Zagonel, V. AU - Sensi, E. AU - Fontanini, G. AU - Boni, L. AU - Falcone, A. PY - 2018/4/20. Y1 - 2018/4/20. N2 - Background: Right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have poor prognosis and achieve limited benefit from first-line doublets plus a targeted agent. In this unplanned analysis of the TRIBE study, we investigated the prognostic and predictive impact of primary tumor sidedness in mCRC patients and the differential impact of the intensification of the chemotherapy in subgroups defined ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic epidemiology of colorectal cancer. AU - Petersen, Gloria M. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Genetic epidemiological methods have played an integral role in the characterisation of the genetic susceptibilities to colorectal cancer. Classic epidemiological approaches, such as case-control and prospective cohort studies, that utilise family history information have laid the foundation for the more specialised family-based genetic methods, segregation analysis and linkage analysis. The genetic epidemiology of colorectal cancer can be characterised by several themes: the consistently increased risk of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer; genetic predisposition to some, if not the majority of colorectal neoplasms; and genetic heterogeneity of the inherited colorectal cancer syndromes. With the rapid development of molecular genetic techniques, new opportunities for further research include studies to estimate the proportion of colorectal ...

OBJECTIVES:. I. Compare overall survival in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil, leucovorin calcium, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab vs capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab.. II. Compare progression-free survival and time to treatment failure in patients treated with these regimens.. III. Compare the response of patients with measurable disease treated with these regimens.. IV.Compare toxicity rates of these regimens in these patients. V. Compare patient-reported functional status and convenience of therapy in patients treated with these regimens.. VI. Correlate germline polymorphisms of DNA repair (e.g., ERCC-1, XRCC1, GST-P1, XPD, and ribonucleotide reductase), target enzymes (e.g., thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and thymidine phosphorylase), angiogenesis (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor), and growth factors (e.g., epithelial growth factor receptor) with survival, progression-free survival, and ...

Recent results have shown a correlation between survival and frequency of tumour infiltrating T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients. However, it remains unclear whether the frequency of regulatory T cells is higher in colorectal cancer as compared to normal colon. To address this question we analysed the frequency and function of regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes of colorectal cancer patients. The proportion of regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients (mean 8%) was significantly higher than that in normal controls (mean 2.2%). There were significantly more regulatory T cells in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (mean 19.2%) compared to lymphocytes from an autologous non-malignant portion of the colon (mean 9%). Regulatory T cells from colorectal cancer patients were FOXP3 positive and suppressed the proliferation of autologous CD4+ CD25- cells. A higher density of tumour infiltrating regulatory T cells was found in patients

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.. AU - Meads, C.. AU - Round, J.. AU - Tubeuf, S.. AU - Moore, D. AU - Pennant, M.. AU - Bayliss, S.. PY - 2010/5. Y1 - 2010/5. N2 - This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), in accordance with the licensed indication, based upon the manufacturers submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The ERG project ran between 22 January 2008 and 4 November 2008. The clinical evidence came from two unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cetuximab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of mCRC. A third RCT submitted later compared cetuximab with irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) and ...

1]. Comella P, Casaretti R, Sandomenico C, Avallone A, Franco L. Role of oxaliplatin in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):229-38.. [2]. Hsu HH, Chen MC, Baskaran R, Lin YM, Day CH, Lin YJ, Tu CC, Vijaya Padma V, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells is mediated via activation of ABCG2 to alleviate ER stress induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Jul;233(7):5458-5467. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26406. Epub 2018 Jan 23... [3]. Mohammadian M, Zeynali S, Azarbaijani AF, Khadem Ansari MH, Kheradmand F. Cytotoxic effects of the newly-developed chemotherapeutic agents 17-AAG in combination with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in colorectal cancer cell lines. Res Pharm Sci. 2017;12(6):517-525. [4]. Sonowal H, Pal PB, Wen JJ, Awasthi S, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase inhibitor increases doxorubicin-sensitivity of colon cancer cells and decreases cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):3182. Published 2017 Jun 9. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03284-w. ...

The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of SCH 717454 in patients with relapsed or recurrent colorectal cancer.

At present, a full understanding of the mechanisms by which colorectal cancer (CRC) distant metastases form is still beyond our reach because of the intricate regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are shown to be involved in various human diseases including cancers through negative regulation of target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, there are only a few studies on the roles of miRNA aberrations in liver metastasis of human colorectal cancer. To identify miRNA expression patterns associated with liver metastasis in human colorectal cancer, the miRNA expression profiles of colorectal cancer tissues with liver metastasis and their non-metastatic counterparts were studied using microRNA microarrays and further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. We show that 28 miRNAs are differentially expressed in the colorectal carcinomas with liver metastasis compared to the non-metastatic counterparts. Of these, 4 miRNAs including miR-150*, miR-125b-2*, miR-1179 and ...

The liver is the most common anatomical site for hematogenous metastases from colorectal cancer. Therefore effective treatment of liver metastases is one of the most challenging elements in the management of colorectal cancer. However, there is rare available clinical consensus or guideline only focusing on colorectal liver metastases. After six rounds of discussion by 195 clinical experts of the Shanghai International Consensus Expert Group on Colorectal Liver Metastases (SINCE) from 29 countries or regions, the Shanghai Consensus has been finally completed, based on current research and expert experience. The consensus emphasized the principle of multidisciplinary team, provided detailed diagnosis approaches, and guided precise local and systemic treatments. This Shanghai Consensus might be of great significance to standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases all over the world.

Colorectal cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. The incidence of colorectal cancer can be reduced with increasing efforts directed at mass screening of average-risk adults 50 years and older. Currently, fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy have the highest levels of evidence to support their use for colorectal cancer screening. Colonoscopy does not have a proven colorectal cancer mortality benefit, but it does have the greatest single-test accuracy, and it is the final test in the pathway to evaluate and treat patients with other abnormal screening tests. Double-contrast barium enema has sparse data of effectiveness. Computed tomographic colonography, fecal DNA testing, and Pillcam Colon are promising tests that need further study before they can be recommended for widespread screening. Routine screening should continue until 75 years of age. There is good evidence that fiber and antioxidants are not effective for primary prevention of colorectal cancer;

Genetic markers associated with colorectal cancer may be used in population screening for the early identification of patients at elevated risk of disease. We genotyped 3059 individuals with no cancer family history for eight markers previously associated with colorectal cancer. After colonoscopy, the genetic profile of cases with advanced colorectal neoplasia (213) was compared with the rest (2846). rs2066847 and rs6983267 were significantly associated with the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia but with limited effect on their own [odds ratio (OR) 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.41; p=0.033 and OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.02-2.12; p=0.044, respectively]. Cumulative effects, in contrast, were associated with high risk: the combination of rs2066847, rs6983267, rs4779584, rs3802842 and rs4939827 minimized the number of markers considered, while maximizing the relative size of the carrier group and the risk associated to it, for example, for at least two cumulated risk markers, OR is 2.57 (95% ...

Genetic markers associated with colorectal cancer may be used in population screening for the early identification of patients at elevated risk of disease. We genotyped 3059 individuals with no cancer family history for eight markers previously associated with colorectal cancer. After colonoscopy, the genetic profile of cases with advanced colorectal neoplasia (213) was compared with the rest (2846). rs2066847 and rs6983267 were significantly associated with the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia but with limited effect on their own [odds ratio (OR) 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.41; p=0.033 and OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.02-2.12; p=0.044, respectively]. Cumulative effects, in contrast, were associated with high risk: the combination of rs2066847, rs6983267, rs4779584, rs3802842 and rs4939827 minimized the number of markers considered, while maximizing the relative size of the carrier group and the risk associated to it, for example, for at least two cumulated risk markers, OR is 2.57 (95% ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies with a grim prognosis and accounted for an estimated 55,000 deaths in the United States alone in 1998 (16) . A similar trend of increasing incidence and poor outcome have been reported in Japan also (17) . Among the several new treatment strategies to treat these patients, NSAIDs have drawn much attention in recent years. NSAIDs exhibited a significant antitumor effect in animal models (18 , 19) and colorectal polyps in humans (20 , 21) . Although the exact mechanism of this antitumor effect is not clear, it has been postulated that this effect could be partially attributable to the antiangiogenic effect through modulation of COX-2 activity (19) . Results from several experimental models indicate that COX-2 expression is associated with augmentation of neovascularization (11) . However, to date, it is not clear whether a similar correlation exists in the clinical setting in colorectal carcinoma patients. This is the first report showing ...

March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. This health observance was created in 2000 to increase awareness of the importance of regular screening to save lives and decrease the national burden of colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon or rectum). Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, after lung/bronchus cancer. In 2002, a total of 139,534 adults in the United States had colorectal cancer diagnosed, and 56,603 adults died from colorectal cancer (1). The impact of colorectal cancer can be lessened through regular screening, which has been shown to reduce incidence and mortality (2). CDC directly supports National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month through its Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Control Initiative, which includes Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign (SFL), research related to colorectal cancer prevention and control, and activities aimed at increasing colorectal cancer screening. In addition, ...

Addition of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) failed to improve progression-free survival in non-resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Colorectal cancer screening and prevention. AU - Wilkins, Jeff T. AU - McMechan, Danielle. AU - Talukder, Asif. PY - 2018/5/15. Y1 - 2018/5/15. N2 - Colorectal cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Most colorectal cancers arise from preexisting adenomatous or serrated polyps. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer can be reduced with screening of average-risk adults 50 to 75 years of age. Randomized controlled trials show evidence of reduced colorectal cancer-specific mortality with guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy. There are no randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of colonoscopy to reduce colorectal cancer-specific mortality; however, several randomized controlled trials comparing colonoscopy with other strategies are in progress. The best available evidence supporting colonoscopy is from prospective cohort studies that demonstrate decreased incidence of colorectal cancer and colorectal ...

Background: Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver is not uniform. We describe the management of metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver at a single institution during a 10-year period. Methods: From January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1999, 174 patients were identified from the tumor registry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham with a diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver. Patient, tumor, laboratory, operative, and adjuvant therapy factors were analyzed, with overall survival as the endpoint. Log-rank tests were used for univariate analysis. Cox-proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for graphical representation of survival. Significance was defined as P

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diagnoses and undergoing colorectal cancer surgery is reported to be associated with physical symptoms and psychological reactions. Social support is described as important during the postoperative period. The purpose of this paper was to describe how patients experience the early postoperative period after colorectal cancer surgery.. Interviews according a phenomenological approach were performed with 13 adult participants, within 1 week after discharge from hospital. Data were collected from August 2006 to February 2007. Analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted according to Giorgi.. The essence of the phenomenon was to regain control over ones body in the early postoperative period after colorectal cancer surgery. Lack of control, fear of wound and anastomosis rupture, insecurity according to complications was prominent findings.. When caring for these patients it is a challenge to be sensitive, encourage and promote patients to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Additional lymph node examination from entire submission of residual mesenteric tissue in colorectal cancer specimens may not add clinical and pathologic relevance. AU - Kim, Young Min. AU - Suh, Jae Hee. AU - Cha, Hee Jeong. AU - Jang, Se J.. AU - Kim, Mi Jung. AU - Yoon, Sunoch. AU - Kim, Baekhui. AU - Chang, Heejin. AU - Kwon, Youngmee. AU - Hong, Eun Kyung. AU - Ro, Jae Y.. PY - 2007/5. Y1 - 2007/5. N2 - The examination of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer is a critical procedure for determining the stage, which determines prognosis and need for adjuvant therapy. The current recommendation is to harvest at least 12 lymph nodes by conventional manual node dissection (MND). Recent studies have suggested that all lymph nodes in mesenteric tissue should be retrieved using a special method such as the entire submission of residual mesenteric tissue (ESMT) after MND. We investigated the efficacy of ESMT with its potential impact on the pN stage. After an MND in 48 consecutive ...

Estrogen plays an important role in the development of some cancers. However, previous studies on the influence of estrogen on colorectal cancer (CRC) have had conflicting conclusions, and there have been few reports on estrogens and liver metastasis. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic impact of estrogens on CRC with liver metastasis. Eighty-six patients with CRC including 43 synchronous liver metastases were studied. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels were assayed by immunohistochemistry in liver metastasis, CRC and adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The correlation between staining, clinicopathological parameters, and prognostic power were analyzed statistically. Significant differences were found in ERβ expression between liver metastasis (P = 0.012) and CRC (P = 0.002) compared to adjacent normal tissues. Serum estrogen levels in patients with liver metastases were significantly lower than those without liver metastasis (P = 0.012).

Our previous study found that male sex, age of 50 years or more and family history of colorectal cancer were independent risk factors for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia.10 In the ensuing discussion, it has been suggested that the observed disparity of advanced neoplasia risk between men and women might have merely reflected sex-based differences in smoking patterns.25 In the present study, we used a new dataset to derive and validate a model for the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia that included smoking status and other potential confounders, such as age, sex, family history of colorectal cancer, and Body Mass Index. We confirmed previously identified associations, and also found that smoking ≥10 pack-years, and Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia. Our study corroborated previously identified risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia;10-16 it also, for the first time, combined all five important factors ...

Looking for online definition of Colorectal neoplasms in the Medical Dictionary? Colorectal neoplasms explanation free. What is Colorectal neoplasms? Meaning of Colorectal neoplasms medical term. What does Colorectal neoplasms mean?

In this large prospective study, higher intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was not associated with risk of distal colorectal adenoma. In addition, no significant associations were observed between this dietary variable and risks of small adenoma, distal colon adenoma, and rectal adenoma, although a nonsignificant, suggestive, inverse association was noted for large adenoma. Similarly, we found no significant associations between n-3/n-6 ratio and risks of distal colorectal adenoma.. We did find a suggestively decreased risk of large adenoma associated with higher dietary marine n-3 fatty acid intake (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.01). Interestingly, we also noted that high n-3 intake was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk of small adenoma. We thus conducted a post hoc analysis and found that among women with a diagnosis of adenoma, those with high dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids had a 46% lower odds of having a large adenoma versus a small adenoma. In combination, these results ...

Meet the Rhode Island colorectal cancer treatment team at the Colorectal Cancer Multidisciplinary Clinic from Lifespan Health System.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Isolated hepatic perfusion for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. AU - Bartlett, David L.. AU - Libutti, Steven K.. AU - Figg, William D.. AU - Fraker, Douglas L.. AU - Richard Alexander, H.. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. N2 - Background. Unresectable colorectal liver metastases are a significant clinical problem. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a regional treatment technique that delivers high dose chemotherapy, biologic agents, and hyperthermia via a completely isolated vascular recirculating perfusion circuit as a means of regionally treating liver tumors. This study presents our results of IHP with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plus melphalan or IHP with melphalan alone followed by infusional floxuridine (FUDR) and leucovorin in patients with advanced or refractory unresectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Methods. Fifty-one patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases underwent a 60-minute IHP with 1.5 mg/kg melphalan and hyperthermia ...

This study examined associations between metformin exposure and colorectal cancer-specific mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer receiving treatment for diabetes. For overall metformin exposure, the risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality was 39% lower in metformin-treated diabetics, versus diabetics not receiving metformin, but did not reach the conventional threshold for statistical significance (P = 0.06).. This result is consistent with the findings from 2 previous single-center studies of metformin exposure and survival in colorectal cancer (15, 16). In a study of diabetic patients with stage I-IV disease by Lee and colleagues, metformin exposure for a minimum of 6 months was associated with a significant 34% lower risk of colorectal cancer-specific mortality (16). The results from this study have, however, been questioned due to the possible presence of immortal time bias (17).. In a study by Garrett and colleagues, of diabetic patients with stage I-IV colorectal ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - NAT2 fast acetylator genotype is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan. AU - Huang, Chi Chou. AU - Chien, Wen Pin. AU - Wong, Ruey Hong. AU - Cheng, Ya Wen. AU - Chen, Meng Cheng. AU - Chou, Ming Chih. AU - Lee, Huei. PY - 2007/7. Y1 - 2007/7. N2 - In Taiwan, colorectal cancer has one of the highest rates of increased incidence in the past two decades. Heterocyclic amines from dietary cooked meats are metabolically activated by NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2), which are associated with colorectal cancer incidence. Thus, the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype may be associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the association between the NAT2 genotype and colorectal cancer risk is not clearly understood. We conducted a study with 244 primary colorectal cancer cases and 299 cancer-free healthy control subjects to verify the association of NAT2 polymorphisms with the risk of Taiwanese colorectal cancer. Our data showed that subjects with the NAT2 W/W ...

Licorice and its components have been reported to posses various anti-tumor activities, but its active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are not well understood yet. In the present study, a group of representative licorice-derived compounds that could be detected in rat plasma or urine were screened for anti-tumor activity. Among these compounds, isoangustone A (IAA) was found to promptly Inhibit the viability of SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further analyses indicate that IAA activated caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling and induced significant apoptosis, while had little effect on cell cycle. IAA strongly inhibited Akt phosphorylation within 5 min; however, overexpression of constitutively activated Akt could not rescue IAA-mediated inhibition, indicating that inhibition of Akt was not involved in IAA-induced apoptosis. Further examinations show that IAA induced dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential and release of ...

A simple screening may save your life. Thats why cancer specialists encourage people to consider screening for colorectal cancer. And there is no time like the present, especially since March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month.. According to the National Cancer Institute, the number of new colorectal cancer cases and deaths is declining, except in adults younger than 55 years. In the United States, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women. The NCI estimated last year there were 140,250 new cases of colon cancer and 50,630 deaths caused by the disease.. We asked Douglas Rex, MD, a Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine and a researcher at the IU Simon Cancer Center, about the disease and screening options. Rex is a leading authority on colorectal cancer screening and colonoscopy.. As you know, the American Cancer Society changed its recommended age of first screenings from 50 to 45 for people of ...

PURPOSE: In this analysis, we compared costs and explored the cost-effectiveness of subsequent-line treatment with cetuximab or panitumumab in patients with wild-type KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after previous chemotherapy treatment failure. Data were used from ASPECCT (A Study of Panitumumab Efficacy and Safety Compared to Cetuximab in Patients With KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer), a Phase III, head-to-head randomized noninferiority study comparing the efficacy and safety of panitumumab and cetuximab in this population.

CHICAGO -- Bevacizumab (Avastin) given before surgery for curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer did not increase the risk of bleeding, researchers reported here.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Threshold Change in CEA as a Predictor of Non-Progression to First-Line Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with Elevated CEA. AU - Gulhati, Pat. AU - Yin, Jun. AU - Pederson, Levi. AU - Schmoll, Hans Joachim. AU - Hoff, Paulo. AU - Douillard, Jean Yves. AU - Hecht, J. Randolph. AU - Tournigand, Christophe. AU - Tebbut, Niall. AU - Chibaudel, Benoist. AU - Gramont, Aimery De. AU - Shi, Qian. AU - Overman, Michael James. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] PY - 2020/11/1. Y1 - 2020/11/1. N2 - Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are used in conjunction with imaging to monitor response to systemic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We sought to identify a threshold for CEA change from baseline to predict progressive disease (PD) in mCRC patients receiving first-line therapy. Methods: Patients from ...

Patients treated by liver resection had the best outcome, while patients with extrahepatic diseases had poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients treated by regional chemotherapy improved significantly with the advent of irinotecan and better selection.

The clever study by Ahlquist and colleagues adds to growing doubt about the value of fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for colorectal cancer screening. The authors recognized that patients with resected colorectal cancer would have regular colonoscopy (or barium enema) and obtained stools from them before their annual structural examinations. In contrast to previous studies, they did complete evaluations in persons with both positive and negative FOBTs, providing an unbiased assessment of sensitivity and specificity. The study showed that fecal occult blood tests failed to detect 70% of cancers and 80% of large (≥ 2.0 cm) polyps. HemoQuant, a more expensive and cumbersome test, offered no advantage over Hemoccult at matched sensitivity. Study strengths included large sample size, prospective design, careful follow-up, and meticulous laboratory methods. The study population and test conditions differed somewhat from previous studies. Stool samples were mailed in sealed containers, although this ...

Egypt has extensive environmental pollution and the highest proportion of early-onset colorectal cancers in patients under age 40 in the world (35 percent of total colorectal cancers). These tumors show high mucin production, more undifferentiation, and a lower prevalence of k-ras mutations that tumors of US patients. The molecular and pathological patterns of these tumors could indicate possible environmental exposures. Organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic amines (HCAS), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been correlated with colon carcinogenesis in experimental animals. Egyptians are highly exposed to these carcinogens in farming, cooked foods, combustion products, and polluted air and water. Egypt offers a unique opportunity and a natural experiment for a population study to investigate the impact of organochlorine pesticides and other environmental carcinogens on early-onset colorectal cancer. In order to better understand the association ...

Egypt has extensive environmental pollution and the highest proportion of early-onset colorectal cancers in patients under age 40 in the world (35 percent of total colorectal cancers). These tumors show high mucin production, more undifferentiation, and a lower prevalence of k-ras mutations that tumors of US patients. The molecular and pathological patterns of these tumors could indicate possible environmental exposures. Organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic amines (HCAS), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been correlated with colon carcinogenesis in experimental animals. Egyptians are highly exposed to these carcinogens in farming, cooked foods, combustion products, and polluted air and water. Egypt offers a unique opportunity and a natural experiment for a population study to investigate the impact of organochlorine pesticides and other environmental carcinogens on early-onset colorectal cancer. In order to better understand the association ...

Through local and national efforts we plan to raise awareness about young onset colorectal cancer and remove the stigma of colorectal cancer, said Kim Newcomer, Never2Young program manager at the Colorectal Cancer Alliance. One of the most powerful tools we have is education. We must take this message directly to young people and the medical community.. Since 1994, diagnosis of colorectal cancer in young adults, ages 20-49, have increased by 51%, according to the National Cancer Institute. Colorectal cancer is highly treatable if detected early, but because the standard screening age is 50, young people with the disease tend to be diagnosed at later stages. The N2Y Advisory Board provides a strong voice for the young onset colorectal cancer community by going straight to the source: All of the members have been directly impacted by colorectal cancer, either as a survivor or patient. Members flew into Washington for the meeting from across the country. It is important for me to be here as an ...

Colorectal cancers develop through several pathways, including the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. An altered intestinal microflora has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer via these pathways. We identified Lactobacillus casei-derived ferrichrome as a mediator of the bacterial anti-tumor effect of colorectal cancer cells through the upregulation of DDIT3. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of ferrichrome on precancerous conditions and cancer cells associated with sporadic as well as colitis-associated colorectal cancer. SRB and MTT assays were performed to assess growth inhibition in vitro. Eighteen organoids were prepared from biopsy specimens obtained by colonoscopy. An AOM-DSS carcinogenesis model and xenograft model of colorectal cancer cells were generated for the assessment of the tumor suppressive effect of ferrichrome in vivo. Ferrichrome inhibited the cell growth of colorectal cancer cells

If you present symptoms of colorectal cancer, open and direct communication with your physician could save your life, suggest the results of a study by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center.. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., but if diagnosed early, patients have a five-year survival rate of 91 percent. In a study recently published in the journalPatient Education and Counseling, Laura A. Siminoff, Ph.D., and a team of researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 242 patients diagnosed with CRC in the six months preceding the study. Interview responses, confirmed by a review of the participants medical records, identified several factors that contribute to diagnostic delay. Diagnostic delay refers to the time from the first visit in which the patient reports symptoms indicative of CRC through the date of diagnosis.. The study highlights the importance of communication between doctors and patients, says Siminoff, ...

C-reactive protein is a sensitive but nonspecific systemic marker of inflammation. Several prospective studies have investigated the association of prediagnostic circulating C-reactive protein concentrations with the development of colorectal cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review of prospective studies of the association between prediagnostic measurements of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and development of invasive colorectal cancer. Authors of original studies were contacted to acquire uniform data. We combined relative risks (RR) for colorectal cancer associated with a one unit change in natural logarithm-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein using inverse variance weighted random effects models. We identified eight eligible studies, which included 1,159 colorectal cancer cases and 37,986 controls. The summary RR per one unit change in natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 1.12 (95% confidence intervals

Melanomul conjunctival Melanomul conjunctival este foarte rar. Pot exista motive ereditare pentru renașterea lor. Melanomul în iris apare în partea din față, partea colorată a ochiului.

A stool test known as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is accurate in diagnosing most colorectal cancers, according to a meta-analysis published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.. Screening is crucial for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society currently recommends that people at average risk of colorectal cancer begin being screened for colorectal cancer at the age of 50. Screening may need to begin at a much earlier age for people with a personal or family history of adenomatous polyps, FAP, HNPCC, colorectal cancer, or chronic inflammatory bowel disease.. There are several available screening strategies for colorectal cancer, including colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and FIT. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard in screening for colorectal cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that people between ages 50 and 75 get screened by colonoscopy every 10 years or sigmoidoscopy every ...

Lynch syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer, HNPCC) is the most common hereditary syndrome predisposing to colorectal cancer, accounting for 1-3% of all colorectal cancer. This multi-organ cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially MLH1 and MSH2, and to lesser extents MSH6 and PMS2, which lead to widespread genetic instability and thus microsatellite instability (MSI). Hereditary cancer often manifests in two or more tumours in a single individual; 35-40% of Lynch syndrome patients have synchronous or metachronous tumours of the two major Lynch syndrome-related cancers: colorectal and endometrial.. The main purposes of the work underlying this thesis were to identify persons at risk of Lynch syndrome or other types of hereditary colorectal cancer, to estimate the cancer risks associated with these predispositions and to identify the underlying genetic causes.. A population-based cohort of 78 persons with double primary ...

Vitamin D is well-regarded in its ability to maintain a healthy immune system: Some rich sources of it include egg yolks, shiitake mushrooms, and seafood.. In their study, the researchers wanted to explore how supplementing vitamin D to standard chemotherapy can influence the progression of cancer among people who have metastatic colorectal cancer.. For their randomized controlled trial, the team gathered 139 participants who had untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Before the trial began, the researchers noted that only nine percent of the participants had the needed amount of vitamin D in their bodies. The researchers then grouped the participants into a high-dose group and a low-dose group: The former was given vitamin D during treatment, while the latter took standard chemotherapy sessions.. The high-dose group received 8,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily for two weeks. Afterward, the researchers lowered the dose to 4,000 IU per day. Meanwhile, the low-dose group only took ...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer incidence is rapidly rising in many Asian countries, with rates approaching those of Western countries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of colorectal adenomas by age, sex, and risk strata in asymptomatic Koreans. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 19,372 consecutive participants aged 20 to 79 years undergoing screening colonoscopy at the Center for Health Promotion of the Samsung Medical Center in Korea from January 2006 to June 2009. RESULTS: Among participants at average risk, those without a history of colorectal polyps or a family history of colorectal cancer, the prevalence of colorectal adenomas and advanced adenomas were 34.5% and 3.1%, respectively, in men and 20.0% and 1.6%, respectively, in women. The prevalence of adenomas increased with age in both men and women, with a more marked increase for advanced adenoma. Participants with a family history of colorectal cancer or with a history of colorectal polyps had significantly higher ...

High blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer in several prospective studies including the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), but it is unknown whether these observations reflect a causal relationship. We aimed to investigate whether CRP genetic variants associated with lifelong higher CRP concentrations translate into higher colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within EPIC including 727 cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and 727 matched controls selected according to an incidence-density sampling protocol. Baseline CRP concentrations were measured in plasma samples by a high sensitivity assay. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene (rs1205, rs1800947, rs1130864, rs2808630, rs3093077) were identified via HapMap. The causal effect of CRP on colorectal cancer risk was examined in a Mendelian Randomization approach utilizing ...

While colonoscopy screening is widely used in several European countries and the United States, there are no randomized trials to quantify its benefits. The Nordic-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer (NordICC) is a multinational, randomized controlled trial aiming at investigating the effect of colonoscopy screening on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. This paper describes the rationale and design of the NordICC trial. Men and women aged 55 to 64 years are drawn from the population registries in the participating countries and randomly assigned to either once-only colonoscopy screening with removal of all detected lesions, or no screening (standard of care in the trial regions). All individuals are followed for 15 years after inclusion using dedicated national registries. The primary end points of the trial are cumulative CRC-specific death and CRC incidence during 15 years of follow-up. POWER ANALYSIS: We hypothesize a 50 % CRC mortality-reducing efficacy of the colonoscopy ...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a pluripotent cytokine that can have both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting effects on epithelial cells. It is unclear what determines when TGF-beta and its signaling pathway act predominantly as a tumor suppressor pathway or as a tumor-promoter pathway and whether TGF-beta can have both classes of effects concurrently on a cell. We investigated the effect of TGF-beta on anoikis in colorectal cancer cell lines sensitive to TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition to determine if the context of the cells could be one of the factors that would affect whether TGF-beta exerts tumor suppressor or oncogene activity on colon cancer cells. We observed variable effects of TGF-beta on anoikis in these cell lines, even though they all are growth-inhibited by TGF-beta. Thus, we show that TGF-beta has variable effects on anoikis in colon cancer cell lines that likely reflects the effects of concurrent gene mutations in the cancer cells and the activation state of ...

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in BC after lung cancer. The lifetime risk of dying of colorectal cancer is about 3%. Most, if not all, colorectal cancers are believed to develop from adenomatous polyps[1] over a period of about 10 years. Screening for colorectal cancer offers the opportunity to reduce mortality by the earlier detection of invasive disease and by the removal of precancerous polyps, thus preventing the development of colorectal cancer.

Metastatic disease is the main cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer and the most frequent location of metastases is in the liver. The treatment of liver metastases of colorectal origin is multimodal and should be based on a multidisciplinary team decision. A systematic review of the literature revealed that the number of liver metastases, their maximum size, CEA level, advanced age of the patients, and presence of extrahepatic disease are no longer contraindications to liver resection. The resectability rate of colorectal liver metastases increased from 10 to almost 40%, enabling 5-year overall survival rates higher than 30%. Short-term and long-term results achieved by simultaneous resection (SR) are similar to those achieved by staged resections in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Whenever possible, major hepatectomies should be replaced by ultrasound-guided limited liver resections, and primary tumor should be approached in a minimally invasive manner. Even

The frequency of the CHEK2 1100delC among colorectal cancer patients was 2.6% (17/662). The proportions were 1.3% (2/149) and 2.9% (15/513) in familial and non-familial cases, respectively. These frequencies are not significantly higher (odds ratio (OR) 1.393, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.775 to 2.504, p=0.266, for all cases; OR 0.720, 95% CI 0.172 to3.020, p=1.000 for familial cases and OR 1.592, 95% CI 0.863 to 2.939, p=0.134 for non-familial cases) than in the normal population, compared with the geographically adjusted population frequency of 1.9%. These results suggest that the 1100delC variant is not significantly associated with familial colorectal cancer or with colorectal cancer risk in the population; however, larger studies would be needed to detect or exclude any slight increase with a high confidence. In the group of non-familial colorectal cancer cases, there was no difference in allele frequency among those patients with a personal or family history of breast cancer (3/104, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The VTI1A-TCF4 colon cancer fusion protein is a dominant negative regulator of Wnt signaling and is transcriptionally regulated by intestinal homeodomain factor CDX2. AU - Davidsen, Johanne. AU - Larsen, Sylvester. AU - Coskun, Mehmet. AU - Gögenür, Ismail. AU - Dahlgaard, Katja. AU - Bennett, Eric Paul. AU - Troelsen, Jesper. PY - 2018/7/5. Y1 - 2018/7/5. N2 - Sequencing of primary colorectal tumors has identified a gene fusion in approximately 3% of colorectal cancer patients of the VTI1A and TCF7L2 genes, encoding a VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein containing a truncated TCF4. As dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with colorectal cancer development and progression, the functional properties and transcriptional regulation of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein may also play a role in these processes. Functional characteristics of the VTI1A-TCF4 fusion protein in Wnt signaling were analyzed in NCI-H508 and LS174T colon cancer cell lines. The NCI-H508 cell line, ...

Note: This study was performed as part of a multicenter cancer screening comparative effectiveness research project, SEARCH (Screening Effectiveness and Research in Community-based Healthcare), which was supported by grant UC2CA148576 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.. Disclaimer: The contents of this report are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Cancer Institute.. Acknowledgment: The authors thank the SEARCH coordinators (Debra Bonollo, Shawn Gagne, Gabrielle Gundersen, Denise Schwarzkopf, and Cyndee Yonehara) for coordinating data collection on this project, the medical records auditors (Amy Stone Murai, RN, MS, APRN-C, CHRC, at Kaiser Permanente Hawaii; Janet Guilbert and Doris Hoyer at Reliant Medical Group; Elie Castro and Melanie Currier at the Group Health Research Institute; and Kim Olsen at Kaiser Permanente Northwest), and Hirut Fassil ...

Introduction : Cancer cells, compared to normal cells, are under increased oxidative stress associated with oncogenic transformation, alterations in metabolic activity, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Material and methods : We investigated the ability of vitamin C to...