In addition to the better characterized COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER pathway, a second COPI-independent pathway has also been identified. This pathway is RAB6 dependent and transports cargo such as glycosylation enzymes and Shiga and Shiga-like toxin through tubular carriers rather than vesicles (White et al, 1999; Girod et al, 1999; reviewed in Heffernan and Simpson, 2014). In the absence of a COPI coat, the membrane curvature necessary to initiate tubulation may be provided through the action of phospholipase A, which hydrolyzes phospholipids at the sn2 position to yield lysophospholipids. This activity is countered by lysophospholipid acyltransferases, and the balance of these may influence whether transport tubules or transport vesicles form (de Figuiredo et al, 1998; reviewed in Bechler et al, 2012). RAB6-dependent tubules also depend on the dynein-dynactin motor complex and the hoomodimeric Bicaudal proteins (Matanis et al, 2002; Yamada et al, 2013; reviewed in Heffernan and ...

ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the interaction of Coat Proteins with Organelle Membranes in the early Secretory Pathway. It is a component of Coat Protein Complex I. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tethering assays for COPI vesicles mediated by golgins. AU - Satoh, Ayano. AU - Malsam, Jörg. AU - Warren, Graham. N1 - Funding Information: We thank all members of the Warren, Mellman, and Toomre laboratories for helpful comments and discussions, and Marino Zerial for generous provision of purified EEA1. This work was supported by the NIH and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. A.S. was supported by the American Heart Association.. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - A method is described that allows the attachment of COPI vesicles and Golgi membranes to glass slides that can then be analyzed using electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM methods. Subpopulations of COPI vesicles can be bound selectively using recombinant golgins. Alternatively, COPI vesicles can be attached to prebound Golgi membranes. Marking these vesicles selectively with biotin allows their site of attachment to be identified.. AB - A method is described that allows the attachment of COPI vesicles and Golgi ...

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, and results from the constriction of a contractile ring comprising F-actin and myosin fibers (Satterwhite and Pollard, 1992). Microtubule bundles known as the central spindle help position the actomyosin ring at the equator (Glotzer, 2001; Cao and Wang, 1996; Inoue et al., 2004). A protein complex called centralspindlin plays a key role in initiating contractile ring formation (DAvino et al., 2005; Mishima and Glotzer, 2003). Completion of cytokinesis is dependent not only on contractile ring formation, but also on vesicle transport (Glotzer, 2001; Albertson et al., 2005; Montagnac et al., 2008; Prekeris and Gould, 2008).. The delivery of membrane components to the cleavage furrow region of the equatorial plasma membrane is thought to involve two different vesicle transport pathways: the secretory pathway and the endocytic pathway. The Drosophila melanogaster secretory pathway involves several transport proteins. Syntaxin 5 (one of the SNAREs ...

We have described the function of the Sec7 domain protein Garz in epithelial tube development during Drosophila embryogenesis. We show that garz is essential for tracheal tube expansion and for epithelial protein secretion. Garz protein localizes to the Golgi and is required for normal Golgi morphology and for correct localization of COPI components. Garz is a member of the conserved Sec7-domain-containing family of large ARF-GEF proteins, which are involved in membrane-budding events at different intracellular compartments. Two families of large ARF-GEFs are known, the BIG and the GBF1 families. BIG1 and BIG2 localize to the TGN (BIG1 and BIG2) (Zhao et al., 2002) or recycling endosomes (BIG2) (Shin et al., 2004), where they facilitate recruitment of clathrin coat proteins. By contrast, GBF1 acts at the cis-Golgi membrane, where it initiates COPI vesicle formation by activating a class I ARF protein (Kawamoto et al., 2002; Garcia-Mata et al., 2003). Six different Sec7 domain proteins are ...

Biochemical and structural studies of eukaryotic protein complexes involved in the transport of lipids and proteins across membranes. Subcloning of genes for protein expression in bacterial and yeast expression vectors. Site-directed mutagenesis. Protein expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein purification by affinity chromatography, ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatograhy. Protein characterization. Protein crystallization for 3D structure determination by X-ray crystallography. The protein complexes I am studying are linked to diseases.. ...

COPE Full-Length MS Protein Standard (NP_009194), Labeled with [U- 13C6, 15N4]-L-Arginine and [U- 13C6, 15N2]-L-Lysine, was produced in human 293 cells (HEK293) with fully chemically defined cell culture medium to obtain incorporation efficiency at Creative-Proteomics. The product of this gene is an epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex. Coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles. It is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. Coatomer complex consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Oxidative Phosphorylation: The process starts when electron carriers NADH and FADH2 unload electrons slowly into the electron transport chain (ETC), which creates energy. As electrons flow down the ETC, they meet up with oxygen to form water and CO2 as byproducts. At the same time, hydrogen ions (H+) are released as NADH & FADH2 are oxidized. H+ ions are then pumped upstream through protein complexes I, III, & IV into the intermembrane, where they build up. As they begin to gather, potential energy is created in the form of a gradient. Those ions then flow downstream through an enzyme called ATP synthase, where they re-enter the matrix as ATP molecules ...

The COPI is a comprehensive oral proficiency assessment that provides reliable, valid results to help inform instruction and gauge student progress.. The COPI is designed to assess the oral proficiency of upper high school students, college students, and professionals who are native or near-native English speakers learning the target language. The COPI provides language professionals with a computerized, time-efficient tool to assess their students language proficiency. The COPIs computerized delivery uses up-to-date technology, and its semi-adaptive design adjusts test difficulty level to students proficiency levels. Performance on the COPI is rated according to the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines-Speaking.. The COPI is available in two formats (USB or CD) and includes the following components:. COPI Test Administration Program ...

ARF GAP Lis a kind of important regulator of introcellular transport. Recently, a novel human gene has been found from a cDNA library of second trimester human fetal liver. The amino acid sequence encoded by the novel gene has 32% similarity to rat ARF1 GAP, was thus termed as ARFGAP3. Functional studies of the new gene were performed. The full-length cDNA of ARFGAP3 was amplified from the human total placenta RNA by RT-PCR technique, then subcloned into pGEM-T vector and sequenced. The RNA Master blot and multiple tissue Northern blot analysis were used to define the expression profile and the transcript size of ARFGAP3 in human tissues. It was shown that ARFGAP3 was strongly expressed in glands and testis and that ARFGAP3 mRNA existed as only one kind of transcript of 2.7 kb in various human tissues. Then, the expression and purification of the recombinant human ARFGAP3 (rhARFGAP3) were performed. It was demonstrated that rhARFGAP3 exhibited strong GTPase-activating protein ( GAP) activity ...

Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.

Jain Goyal, M., Zhao, X., Bozhinova, M., Andrade-López, K., de Heus, C., Schulze-Dramac, S., Müller-McNicoll, M., Klumperman, J. and Béthune, J. (2020) A paralog-specific role of COPI vesicles in the neuronal differentiation of mouse pluripotent cells. Life Science Alliance, 3, e202000714.. Rafiee, M.R., Sigismondo, G., Kalxdorf, M., Forster, L., Brugger, B., Béthune, J. and Krijgsveld, J. (2020) Protease-resistant streptavidin for interaction proteomics. Molecular systems biology, 16, e9370.. Adolf, F., Rhiel, M., Hessling, B., Gao, Q., Hellwig, A., Béthune, J. and Wieland, F.T. (2019) Proteomic Profiling of Mammalian COPII and COPI Vesicles. Cell reports, 26, 250-265 e255.. Béthune, J., Jansen, R.P., Feldbrugge, M. and Zarnack, K. (2019) Membrane-Associated RNA-Binding Proteins Orchestrate Organelle-Coupled Translation. Trends in cell biology, 29, 178-188.. Egetemaier, S. and Béthune, J. (2019). Proteomik-Analyse von dynamischen Proteinkomplexen. Biospektrum (Springer Verlag) 01.19, ...

COPB antibody [maD] (coatomer protein complex subunit beta 1) for ELISA, ICC/IF, WB. Anti-COPB mAb (GTX26323) is tested in Human, Monkey, Rat, Hamster samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

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Plasmid pDONR223-SCYL2 from Dr. William Hahns lab contains the insert SCYL2 and is published in Nature. 2010 Nov 24. ():. This plasmid is available through Addgene.

The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. In mammals, the coatomer can only be recruited by membranes associated to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are small GTP-binding proteins; the complex also influences the Golgi structural integrity, as well as the processing, activity, and endocytic recycling of LDL receptors (By similarity).

The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. In mammals, the coatomer can only be recruited by membranes associated to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are small GTP-binding proteins; the complex also influences the Golgi structural integrity, as well as the processing, activity, and endocytic recycling of LDL receptors (By similarity).

This study shows a critical role for Asna1 in ensuring β-cell function. Loss of Asna1 in β-cells of mice results in pancreatic hypoinsulinemia, impaired insulin secretion, and early onset diabetes. Additionally, β-cells of Asna1β−/− mice showed impaired PM-to-TGN as well as Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, ER stress, and mislocalization of Stx5 and Stx6. Of note, we also show that inhibition of retrograde transport at the level of EE-to-TGN in isolated islet and insulinoma cells results in impaired Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, decreased insulin content, and ER stress. Thus, the findings provide evidence that Asna1 is required in β-cells to ensure retrograde transport, which in turn appears to be essential for ER homeostasis and proinsulin biogenesis. Additionally, the perturbed Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport in Retro-2-treated primary islets suggests that the impairment of this step in Asna1β−/− β-cells likely is secondary to the inhibition of retrograde transport at the ...

Membrane, Proteins, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Reticulum, Secretory Pathway, Yeast, Gtpase, Coated Vesicles, Copi, Copi-coated Vesicles, and Clathrin

Pasul 1. Aprinzi cuptorul, speli cartofii cu apă călduţă (nu îi cureţi de coajă), îi ştergi de apă, îi înţepi pe fiecare în parte în două locuri (opuse) cu o furculiţă, îi pui pe o coală de hârtie de copt, pe o tavă nu prea adâncă şi îi pui la cuptor, la foc puternic, vreo 15 minute şi la foc mediu spre mic până sunt gata. Când sunt gata? Atunci când sunt pătrunşi în momentul în care îi verifici cu furculiţa.. Pasul 2. În paralel, pui ouăle la fiert.. Pasul 3. Cât s-au copt cartofii şi au fiert ouăle, pregăteşti celelalte ingrediente. Adică: cureţi ceapa roşie şi ceapa verde, speli puţin măslinele de urmele de zeamă în care fuseseră murate, fărâmi telemeaua de capră şi toci cele două feluri de ceapă. Pe cea roşie - rondele, iar pe cea verde - mărunţel.. Pasul 4. După ce s-au copt, laşi cartofii să se răcorească puţin, îi tai repede în jumătăţi sau în sferturi, după cât de mari sunt. Îi stropeşti imediat cu două-trei ...

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Kei Ochiai is a rag-and-bone man for the Kanto region. He drives his small truck through neighborhoods in Tokyo and Yokohama, circling the areas while soun

Reviews of Kei Mouth by those whove been before you. Learn about Kei Mouth from other travellers. Unbiased, traveller reviews of Kei Mouth, Eastern ...

You know youve always wondered how to make a coat of arms for yourself or your family {and if you havent, Ill bet youre wondering now!}. Learn here!

Fine materials and design for this Double Breasted Coat With a Coated Astrakan Effect by Giorgio Armani Men. Take a look at the official online boutique now.

Recently, Lanoix et al. 1999 have analyzed the resident protein (glycosyltransferase) content of an uncoated membrane fraction produced from Golgi membranes in vitro (in the presence of GTP) that is thought to be derived from COPI-coated vesicles, and compared this with bona fide COPI-coated vesicles prepared with GTPγS. They report (Table IV in Lanoix et al., 1999) a 9.6-fold higher concentration (protein/phospholipid) of NAGT I and a 4.8-fold higher concentration of Man II, in the uncoated (GTP) vesicles than in the starting Golgi fraction and an exclusion of residents in the GTPγS -prepared coated vesicles. There was no corresponding enrichment in anterograde-directed cargo in the GTP-produced uncoated vesicles (1.7-fold for pIgR) or in bona fide COP I-coated vesicles made with GTPγS (1.2-fold). In contradiction to this, Nickel et al. 1998 analyzed bona fide coated COPI vesicles produced in the presence of GTP versus GTPγS, and report that anterograde-directed cargo is up to 50-fold more ...

Coatomer subunit beta-1; The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non- clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins (948 aa ...

Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease. Involved in membrane trafficking in the gastric surface mucus cells (pit cells) and may involve the membrane trafficking of mucus cells via interactions with coat protein. Proteolytically cleaves the beta-subunit of coatomer complex (By similarity ...

Expression of ARFGAP2 (FLJ14576, IRZ, Zfp289, ZNF289) in nasopharynx tissue. Antibody staining with HPA016649 and HPA018152 in immunohistochemistry.

Expression of ARFGAP2 (FLJ14576, IRZ, Zfp289, ZNF289) in epididymis tissue. Antibody staining with HPA016649 and HPA018152 in immunohistochemistry.

E rawa ni da kaya ni tolu ga na domo ena vakatara: O koya e laga, o koya e tagica kei ira na droku. E na so tale na gauna e rawa ni dua e laga muria se camana. E na vakayagataki na lali me vakatautaki kina na kena gedei kei na kena totolo na i lagalaga ni meke, muria yani na derua kei na i cobo me lutu bi vinaka kina na kena i rogorogo ni vakatara. E rawa tale ga me curu mai e so na rorogo me vaka na sau me dua toka ga kei na dua na tiki ni bitu se kau me rau veiqiriti toka. Na veilutuki ni lali ka vaka kina na kena laki totolo se berabera, laki mudu vakasauri tu mada ka lako vata tiko kei na cobo kei na derua ena kuria tiko na lutu bi ni domo ni vakatara ka vakavotuya na memela vinaka ni domo ni laga ...

What the Copen lacked in horsepower, it made up with a trick metal roof that folded away into the trunk at the push of a button - if nothing was in the trunk.. Last year, Daihatsu pulled the car from the European market. By the end of this year, Daihatsu will pack up and leave the Continent completely.. At home in Japan, only some 2,000 Copen found a buyer last year, bringing the total to a mere 56,000 or so.. Daihatsu will celebrate the end of the open air era with a 10th-anniversary version of the Copen. Trying to sell 500 of the special-edition kawai kei, Daihatsu will fit it with commemorative plates, leather seats and other trimmings.. The love of the Japanese for the kei car however is unbroken. Last year, more than one million mini cars were sold in Japan, for a market share of 27 percent.. ...

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Looking to invest in a few great winter coats this year? Heres everything we know about how to buy a GREAT winter coat, for work or beyond.

Protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus involves specific uptake into coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles of secretory and of vesicle targeting (v-SNARE) proteins. Here, two ER to Golgi v-SNAREs, Bet1p and Bos1p, were shown to interact specifically with Sar1p, Sec23p, and Sec24p, components of the COPII coat, in a guanine nucleotide-dependent fashion. Other v-SNAREs, Sec22p and Ykt6p, might interact more weakly with the COPII coat or interact indirectly by binding to Bet1p or Bos1p. The data suggest that transmembrane proteins can be taken up into COPII vesicles by direct interactions with the coat proteins and may play a structural role in the assembly of the COPII coat complex. ...

Coatomer coated (COPI) vesicles play a pivotal role for multiple membrane trafficking steps throughout the eukaryotic cell. Our focus is on betaCOP, one of the most well known components of the COPI multi-protein complex. Amino acid differences in be

On page 1029, Supek et al. illustrate how a peripheral membrane protein organizes a coat protein complex involved in secretory vesicle formation.. The protein in question, yeast Sec16p, is an ER resident required in vivo for COPII-dependent vesicle budding. In vitro, Sec16p is not necessary for budding from liposomes reconstituted with pure cytosolic COPII proteins. However, this in vitro reaction depends on a nonhydrolyzable form of GTP, probably because the COPII coat falls apart when Sar1p (the initiator of coat assembly) hydrolyzes GTP. Until now, the function of Sec16p in liposome budding could not be tested, because the protein was difficult to purify. Supek et al. report conditions that stabilize Sec16p and have purified enough protein for in vitro studies. Microsomal membranes stripped of endogenous Sec16p were stimulated in vesicle budding by the purified. protein, but only in the presence of hydrolyzable GTP. Thus, the in vivo function of Sec16p may be either to slow GTP hydrolysis ...

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC23 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family. It is part of a protein complex and found in the ribosome-free transitional face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated vesicles. This protein has similarity to yeast Sec23p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The encoded protein is suggested to play a role in the ER-Golgi protein trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

The mechanisms underlying virion formation inside the host cell are not fully understood. Viral assembly comprises the formation of the supra-molecular complex described above that, at the cell surface, propels viral budding and release. Viral genome complex formation has been reported to be fully dependent on the establishment of RNA−RNA interactions between the different vRNPs (as reviewed in Gerber et al., 2014; Giese et al., 2016; Hutchinson et al., 2010). However, IAV assembly is heavily dependent on host processes, namely for transporting components to the budzone. The transport of the viral transmembrane proteins, HA, NA and M2 to the plasma membrane occurs via the secretory pathway (Doms et al., 1993) and involves the coat protein I (Sun et al., 2013). M1 might be transported along with vRNPs (Noton et al., 2007), M2 (Chen et al., 2008) and/or lipids to the surface, but a detailed analysis of the transport of the M1 pool included in virions is still missing. In the case of vRNPs, the ...

Sequence variants and/or copy number variants (deletions/duplications) within the ARFGAP3 gene will be detected with >99% sensitivity. Variants classified as unknown significance (VUS), likely pathogenic, or pathogenic will be reported. Benign and li...

Canadas Milos Raonic failed in his bid for a third title this season, losing 7-6 (5), 3-6, 6-0 to Kei Nishikori in the final of the Japan Open on Sunday.

Dive into the research topics where Kei Fujiwara is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint ...

Bob Coats, or as many of you know him as Los Bobbys of The Belairs Rock and Soul Ban… Janice Coats needs your support for Bobby Coats Fund for Colon Surgery

RebornData asks: Thanks to a move and continuing instability in the DSL market, Im now the proud owner of three DSL modems of various types gathering dust in my closet. Its a sordid tale. While I know that obselete hardware is worth next to nothing, this hardware isnt necessarily obselete, wit...

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Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom. It is of fundamental importance during development for cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis as well as in pathological processes such as fibrosis and cancer cell migration. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of procollagen secretion remains limited. Here, we show that TFG organizes transitional ER (tER) and ER exit sites (ERESs) into larger structures. Depletion of TFG results in dispersion of tER elements that remain associated with individual ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGICs) as largely functional ERESs. We show that TFG is not required for the transport and packaging of small soluble cargoes but is necessary for the export of procollagen from the ER. Our work therefore suggests a key relationship between the structure and function of ERESs and a central role for TFG in optimizing COPII assembly for procollagen export ...

Japanese tennis player Kei Nishikori, wearing a mask amid the spread of the new coronavirus, attends a team draw event for the Davis Cup in Kobe, western Japan, on March 5, 2020.Kei Nishikori, the 2014 US Open runner-up, tested positive for COVID-19 on Sunday and said he will pull out of the tuneup

Layfon had yet to hold a Dite. Grains of sand hit his skin as he moved. Despite the lowered visibility due to the sand in his eyes, he managed to block the four enemy team members. Dinn was giving orders from behind his teammates and with delicate timing, assaulted Layfon with the rope in his hand. The rope waited for Layfon until he had avoided the attacks of the four enemies. It felt as if a Psychokinesist had set a trap. But Layfon remained unhurt. He observed the flow of Kei with his eyelids half closed. One glance told him the unusual flow of Kei was caused by the use of the illegal drugs. What was strange was Dinns lack of control. He was controlling his External and Internal Kei, but he failed to stop the excess Kei from spilling out of his body. This was proof of his inability to control his Kei vein as he wanted. Zuellnis level hadnt gone so low as to pick that level of Military Artist for a platoon. (Hes already wounded.) Layfon thought so. Dinn must be tired, a consequence of ...

Yesus masihan urang bagikeun cinta-Na pikeun anu teu percaya. Ku cara kitu, urang ningal aranjeunna salaku jalma milik Allah, anu Anjeunna ciptakeun sareng bakal ngabebaskeun, sanaos kanyataan yén aranjeunna henteu acan terang saha anu mikacinta aranjeunna. Upami urang ngajaga pandangan ieu, sikap sareng perilaku urang ka arah anu teu percanten bakal parobihan.

As the debate surrounding the telcos has lately been focused on net neutrality, another issue that is a result of the lack of competition in the space has slipped back under the radar: naked DSL. Most of the telcos (Qwest being a notable exception) require that any customer who wants a DSL line also has to buy phone service from them as well. This is what allows them to claim they charge only $15 or whatever for a DSL line, but if you add in the phone service and additional fees it tends to be much higher. Its never made much sense that the telcos are so against just offering plain old naked DSL without the phone service. After all, for people who just want to use a mobile phone and/or VoIP, isnt that only going to encourage them to go to the competition who wont force them to bundle an unwanted service? Oh... right. There isnt much competition, which is what allows the telcos to get away with the bundle. For quite some time, theres been some pressure on SBC/AT&T to offer naked DSL in ...

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Tiesību akti un to izmaiņas: visi jaunumi un arhīvs. Sistematizēti tiesību akti. Plašas meklēšanas un personalizētās iespējas. Vietni uztur „Latvijas Vēstnesis

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Hey I just got done doing the 3m cutting compound and glaze on my gel and I wanted to spray clear coat on it to keep it really shiney but not sure how to prep or what kind of clear to spray ?? Anybody out there know whats up ??