Clostridium thermocellum CelJ protein: isolated from Clostridium thermocellum; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank D83704

Current and future demands for renewable energy sources have spurred research in developing biofuels. One promising route for biofuel production is to use an organism-based bioprocess where cellulose could be converted to biofuel. One of the main challenges to this approach is that there are relatively few cellulolytic organisms capable of biofuel production, and none of these are especially well-characterized at present. Here we have implemented a computational modeling approach to study C. thermocellum, an anaerobic thermophile with high biofuel production potential. In this study, the development of a genome-scale metabolic model of C. thermocellum was used to provide a framework for analyzing the basic metabolic functions of C. thermocellum and improving its ethanol production capabilities. Overall, we report the construction of a genome-scale metabolic model of C. thermocellum, i SR432, and the accuracy of this model to predict cellular phenotypes (growth and fermentation product secretion) ...

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NAD or NADP differ with respect to presence or absence of a phosphate group esterified at the 2′ position of the adenosine ribose and are similar at the level of structure. Rosell et al. (21) have shown complete reversal of ADH cofactor specificity in crystallography studies. However, NAD is typically used in oxidative, ATP-generating degradation reactions, and NADP usually acts as a reductant in reductive biosynthetic reactions. An ethanol cycle with two ADH isozymes catalyzing opposite reactions (i.e., ethanol oxidation or ethanol synthesis) has been proposed for Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus (formerly Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum) (22) and similarly for the naturally more ethanol-tolerant Zymomonas mobilis (23). We did not test the ethanol cycling hypothesis in this study, but net ethanol oxidation did not appear to be a major detoxification mechanism (SI Appendix, Fig. S6).. The reduction in specific activity with respect to NADH was far greater (∼25-fold less activity) than ...

Blending of ethanol with fossil fuel is recommended to address the problem of increasing demand for transportation fuel without environmental pollution. This implementation was planned because ethanol is derived from renewable biological sources, and has promising properties such as anti-knock potential [1, 2] and cleaner combustion [3, 4]. Several countries around the world are adopting this strategy, and are planning to increase the percentage of ethanol blending in a phased manner [5]. In this context, allocation of natural resources for ethanol production in place of food production, and completing interests in ethanol for industrial and potable purposes are the major concerns to be addressed. For example, sugarcane molasses serves as the sole feedstock for bioethanol production in India where the annual production is approximately 2.7 billion litres of which only 30 % is offered for fuel purposes [6, 7]. When considering the supply of feedstock, increasing the production of ethanol from ...

1GKL: The Structure of the Feruloyl Esterase Module of Xylanase 10B from Clostridium Thermocellum Provides Insights Into Substrate Recognition

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

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technology for cellulosic biomass conversion, recently put out a press release announcing the grant of U.S. Patent No. 8,540,847 (847 Patent).. Entitled Methods and apparatus for processing cellulosic biomass, the 847 Patent is directed to methods and apparatus for making ethanol or other biofuels using what Aphios calls its Aosic process.. The apparatus (11) described and claimed in the patent comprises a first vessel (13) for receiving cellulosic biomass and conveying means (15) in fluid communication with the first vessel (13). The apparatus (11) also comprises supercritical, critical, or near critical fluid means (17), which includes a source of gas, such as gas tank (41), holding carbon dioxide pressurized to form supercritical, critical, or near critical fluid.. The fluid means (17) is in fluid communication with conveying means (15) via conduit (31). A pump (47) is connected to a heat exchanger (55), which controls the temperature of the supercritical, critical, or near critical ...

Background: Clostridium thermocellum is a gram-positive thermophile that can directly convert lignocellulosic material into biofuels. The metabolism of C. thermocellum contains many branches and redundancies which limit biofuel production, and typical genetic techniques are time-consuming. Further, the genome sequence of a genetically tractable strain C. thermocellum DSM 1313 has been recently sequenced and annotated. Therefore, developing a comprehensive, predictive, genome-scale metabolic model of DSM 1313 is desired for elucidating its complex phenotypes and facilitating model-guided metabolic engineering. Results: We constructed a genome-scale metabolic model iAT601 for DSM 1313 using the KEGG database as a scaffold and an extensive literature review and bioinformatic analysis for model refinement. Next, we used several sets of experimental data to train the model, e.g., estimation of the ATP requirement for growth-associated maintenance (13.5 mmol ATP/g DCW/h) and cellulosome synthesis (57 mmol ATP

The Ruminiclostridium thermocellum DSM 2360 whole genome shotgun (WGS) project has the project accession ACVX00000000. This version of the project (01) has the accession number ACVX01000000, and consists of sequences ACVX01000001-ACVX01000110.. URL -- http://www.jgi.doe.gov JGI Project ID: 4085028 Source DNA and Bacteria available from Christopher L. Hemme ([email protected]) Contacts: Christopher L. Hemme ([email protected]) David Bruce ([email protected]) Whole genome sequencing and draft assembly at JGI-PGF Annotation by JGI-ORNL The JGI and collaborators endorse the principles for the distribution and use of large scale sequencing data adopted by the larger genome sequencing community and urge users of this data to follow them. It is our intention to publish the work of this project in a timely fashion and we welcome collaborative interaction on the project and analysis. (http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10506376).. ...

Some exocellulases, most of which belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 48 (GH48, formerly known as cellulase family L), act at the reducing ends of cellulose and similar substrates. The CelS enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum is the most abundant subunit of the cellulosome formed by the organism. It liberates cellobiose units from the reducing end by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, employing an inverting reaction mechanism [2]. Different from EC 3.2.1.91, which attacks cellulose from the non-reducing end ...

thermocellum and C. josui scaffolding proteins in this study. The C. thermocellum strain F1 was used for the isolation of genomic DNA (Sakka et al., 1989). Escherichia coli strains XL1-Blue and BL21(DE3) RIL (Novagen) were used for the cloning and expression of parts of the C. thermocellum http://www.selleckchem.com/products/NVP-AUY922.html xyn10C and xyn11A genes (DDBJ accession nos. D84188 and AB010958, respectively). Recombinant E. coli strains were cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with ampicillin (50 μg mL−1) or kanamycin (50 μg mL−1) and chloramphenicol. (25 μg mL−1) at 37 °C. The DNA region encoding the native Xyn11A dockerin was amplified by PCR from the plasmid pKS101-1 (Hayashi et al., 1999) using the primers XynADF and XynADR (Table 1), digested with EcoRI and SalI and inserted into the EcoRI and SalI sites of pBluescipt II KS(+). After checking its nucleotide sequence, the inserted DNA fragment was cleaved from the recombinant plasmid using EcoRI and SalI, ...

Created after Ndeh et al., Nature (2017) 544:65-70 (PMID=28329766) who have shown the a-L-fucosidase activity of the B. thetaiotaomicron enzyme. The xylanase activity of the (Rumini)clostridium thermocellum enzyme was shown by Heinze et al. (PMID=28894250 ...

A major challenge to converting lignocellulose into fuels and chemicals is the lack of microbial access to the complex polysaccharides that comprise the plant cell wall. C. bescii is unique in its ability to degrade and coutilize sugars from both hemicellulose (C5) and cellulose (C6). Thus, for this extremely thermophilic bacterium, lignin is the major barrier to complete plant biomass conversion.. The transgenic switchgrass lines MYB Trans and COMT3(+), their respective parental lines (cv. Alamo), and a naturally occurring, low-recalcitrance switchgrass (cv. CR) were all solubilized by C. bescii but to different extents. Significant variations in solubilization were seen between the different parental lines (WT); this validates the observations previously reported (50) using CBP with Clostridium thermocellum. While the C. bescii growth rate and carbohydrate solubilization were higher on the transgenic lines than on their parental line, both MYB lines were especially resistant to microbial ...

Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, cellulolytic anaerobe that is a candidate microorganism for industrial biofuels production. Strains with mutations in genes associated with production of l-

One of the barriers to the production of ethanol from cellulosic biomass is the toughness of the cellulosic structure, and its resistance to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and insolubility in

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

The difference between CIP & CIPA is that in CIP the person only cant feel pain but in case of CIPA the person cannot sweat and probably has malformations in his/ her body. ...

The native ability of Clostridium thermocellum to rapidly consume cellulose and produce ethanol makes it a leading candidate for a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biofuel production strategy. C. thermocellum also synthesizes lactate, formate, acetate, H2, and amino acids that compete with ethanol production for carbon and electrons. Elimination of H2 production could redirect carbon flux towards ethanol production by making more electrons available for acetyl coenzyme A reduction to ethanol. H2 production in C. thermocellum is encoded by four hydrogenases. Rather than delete each individually, we targeted hydrogenase maturase gene hydG, involved in converting the three [FeFe] hydrogenase apoenzymes into holoenzymes. Further deletion of the [NiFe] hydrogenase (ech) resulted in a mutant that functionally lacks all four hydrogenases. H2 production in ∆hydG∆ech was undetectable, and the ethanol yield nearly doubled to 64% of the maximum theoretical yield. Genomic analysis of ∆hydG revealed a mutation

Deletion of Cel48S from C. thermocellum led to a decrease in the enzymatic hydrolysis rate, a decrease in microbial hydrolysis rate, and a decrease in biomass formation during growth on Avicel.. The similarity of enzyme saturation curves for the WT and parent strains suggests that the ΔpyrF mutation in the parent strain has no effect on cellulosome function, as expected. The S mutant strain, however, exhibited a reduction in both specific activity and saturation rate. A reduction in specific activity is indicative of impaired function and consistent with decreased synergy among components of the cellulosome in the absence of Cel48S (3).. The role of GH families in cellulose solubilization is a topic of much debate. Family 48 cellulases are a prominent component of many bacterial cellulase systems and, due to their ubiquity, are thought to play an important role in cellulose solubilization (21). On one hand, disruption of the single family 9 GH in C. phytofermentans eliminated its ability to ...

Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase is an enzyme with system name 4-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Random hydrolysis

The PNKP gene provides instructions for making the polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (PNKP) enzyme. Learn about this gene and related health conditions.

Non-cellulosomal processive endoglucanase 9I (Cel9I) from Clostridium thermocellum is a modular protein, consisting of a family-9 glycoside hydrolase (GH9) catalytic module and two family-3 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM3c and CBM3b), separated by linker regions. GH9 does not show cellulase activity when expressed without CBM3c and CBM3b and the presence of the CBM3c was previously shown to be essential for endoglucanase activity. Physical reassociation of independently expressed GH9 and CBM3c modules (containing linker sequences) restored 60-70% of the intact Cel9I endocellulase activity. However, the mechanism responsible for recovery of activity remained unclear. In this work we independently expressed recombinant GH9 and CBM3c with and without their interconnecting linker in Escherichia coli. We crystallized and determined the molecular structure of the GH9/linker-CBM3c heterodimer at a resolution of 1.68 Å to understand the functional and structural importance of the mutual spatial orientation

Clostridium thermocellum has the ability to catabolize cellulosic biomass into ethanol, but acetic acid, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (H2) are also produced. The effect of hydrogenase

Researchers at the Department of Energys (DOE) BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) have made a discovery that could increase the production of ethanol and lower its costs.. They say they have pinpointed the gene that controls ethanol production capacity in a microorganism, which could be the missing link in developing more efficient and cheaper biomass crops.. Current methods to make ethanol from a type of biomass found in switchgrass and agricultural waste require the addition of expensive enzymes to break down the plants barriers that guard energy-rich sugars. The gene discovered controls ethanol production in a microorganism known as Clostridium thermocellum. With it scientists will be able to experiment with genetically altering biomass plants to produce more ethanol.. The Department of Energy relies on the scientific discoveries of its labs and research centers to improve the production of clean energy sources, said Energy Secretary Steven Chu. This discovery is an important step in ...

Clostridium clariflavum is a Cluster III Clostridium within the family Clostridiaceae isolated from thermophilic anaerobic sludge (Shiratori et al, 2009). This species is of interest because of its similarity to the model cellulolytic organism Clostridium thermocellum and for the ability of environmental isolates to break down cellulose and hemicellulose. Here we describe features of the 4,897,678 bp long genome and its annotation, consisting of 4,131 protein-coding and 98 RNA genes, for the type strain DSM 19732.

...WASHINGTON DC -- A team of researchers at the Department of Energys ... The Department of Energy relies on the scientific discoveries of its ...The discovery of the gene controlling ethanol production in a microorg...Although scientists have studied Clostridium thermocellum for decades...,Single,,key,gene,discovery,could,streamline,production,of,biofuels,,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters

21. Kelly, S., Ivens, A., Mott,G. A., ONeill, E. C., Emms, D., Macleod, O., Voorheis, P., Tyler, K., Clark, M., Matthews, J., Matthews, K., Carrington, M. C. An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. Genome Biology and Evolution (2017) 9, 2093-2109 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx152. 20. ONeill, E. C., Pergolizzi, G., Stevenson, C. E. M., Lawson, D. M., Nepogodiev, S. A., and Field, R. A. Cellodextrin phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum: X-ray crystal structure and substrate specificity analysis. Carbohydrate Research (2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.07.005. 19. ONeill, E. C. and Kelly, S. Engineering biosynthesis of high-value compounds in photosynthetic organisms. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology (2017) 37, 779-802 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1237467. 18. ONeill, E. C. Biomolecular engineering of micro-organisms for natural products ...

Les kinases et les phosphatases (KP) représentent la plus grande famille des enzymes dans la cellule. Elles régulent les unes les autres ainsi que 60 % du protéome, formant des réseaux complexes kinase-phosphatase (KP-Net) jouant un rôle essentiel dans ...

A novel approach to cellulose hydrolysis using a consortium of motile bacteria moving on solid surfaces and carrying microbial luggage, another bacteria that can efficiently hydrolyze cellulose, was demonstrated by the group of researchers.

Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level. ...

T02360 (aalt,achr,acta,actc,amyb,amyc,asw,cmos,cthd,cyl,dfn,ehl,fek,fva,hta,kak,kmx,kpnk,lei,lfb,lsh,lys,mcol,msub,mtab,noe,oor,paru,phs,pje,png,ptd,rpln,sclo,scou,seny,sera,sfz,slb,slw,snl,sphc,sphy,srub,taj : calculation not yet completed ...

General Information: Country: Japan; Isolation: Methanogenic sludge; Temp: Thermophile; Temp: 55C. Clostridium clariflavum is a thermophilic cellulose degrader closely related to C. thermocellum, with equivalent cellulolytic activity. ...

Created after Ndeh et al., Nature (2017) 544(7648):65-70 (PMID=28329766); mechanism and structure after Labourel et al., JBC (2019) (PMID=30877196 ...

Author(s): Wyman, Charles E.; Yang, Bin | Abstract: Cellulosic biomass, which includes agricultural and forestry residues and woody and herbaceous plants, is the only low-cost resource that can support the sustainable production of liquid fuels on a large enough scale to significantly address our transportation energy needs. The biological conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol could offer high yields at low costs, but only if we can improve the technology for releasing simple sugars from recalcitrant biomass. We review key aspects of cellulosic ethanol production, including pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis technologies that present the greatest opportunities to lower processing costs. Although several companies seek to introduce cellulosic ethanol commercially, innovative measures are needed to help overcome the perceived risks of first applications.

1] P.R.V. Hamann, D.L. Serpa, A.S. Barreto da Cunha, B.R. de Camargo, K.O. Osiro, M. Valle de Sousa, C.R. Felix, R.N.G. Miller, E.F. Noronha, Evaluation of plant cell wall degrading enzyme production by Clostridium thermocellum B8 in the presence of raw agricultural wastes, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 105 (2015) 97-105. [2] J.M. Xiaorong Wu, Ron Madl, Donghai Wang, Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass, Sustain. Biotechnol. , (2010) 19-41. [3] R.H. Doi, A. Kosugi, Cellulosomes: Plant-cell-wall-degrading enzyme complexes, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2 (2004) 541-551. [4] L.R. Lynd, W.H. van Zyl, J.E. McBride, M. Laser, Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass: an update, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 16 (2005) 577-583. [5] J. Zaldivar, J. Nielsen, L. Olsson, Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose: a challenge for metabolic engineering and process integration, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56 (2001) 17-34. [6] B.S. Dien, M.A. Cotta, T.W. Jeffries, Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol ...

The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the major economic hurdles for the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. Additionally, lignin is recognized as having a negative impact on enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass, and as a result much interest has been placed on modifying the lignin pathway to improve bioconversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Down-regulation of the caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene in the lignin pathway yielded switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) that was more susceptible to bioconversion after dilute acid pretreatment. Here we examined the response of these plant lines to milder pretreatment conditions with yeast-based simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and a consolidated bioprocessing approach using Clostridium thermocellum, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis. Unlike the S. cerevisiae SSF conversions, fermentations of pretreated transgenic switchgrass with C. thermocellum showed an apparent inhibition

Cloning of Clostridium thermocellum acetate kinase (ack) and/or phosphotransacetylase (pta) genes in Escherichia coli by functional complementation of ack and/or pta mutants was complicated by an alternative acetate assimilation pathway involving acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). In addition to the problems encountered with the complementation approach, cloning of these genes was not readily achieved using heterologous probing with corresponding genes from Escherichia coli and Methanosarcina thermophila due to the lack of sufficient homology. The use of a PCR-based approach, on the other hand, yielded a specific C. Thermocellum gene fragment which showed significant sequence identity to the ack gene for which primers were designed. The subcloned ack fragment was then successfully used as a probe for the isolation of the corresponding gene and restriction analysis of that region.

Adapted from Celunol launches commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol plant in Japan by C. Scott Miller, BIOconversion Blog, Jan. 21, 2007 BioEthanol Japan, on January 16, became the worlds first company to produce cellulosic ethanol from wood construction waste on a commercial basis. The plant in Osaka Prefecture has an annual capacity of 1.4 million liters (about 370,000 US gallons). In 2008, it plans to boost production to 4 million liters (1 million US gallons). BioEthanol Japan was established in 2004 by five companies, including construction firm Taisei Corp., trading house Marubeni Corp., Daiei Inter Nature System, and beermaker Sapporo Breweries Ltd. Marubeni is supplying the process technology, which it has licensed from US-based Celunol, to BioEthanol Japan Celunols technology is based on the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, a set of genetically engineered strains of Escherichia coli bacteria that can ferment both C6 (hexose) and C5 (pentose) sugars present in cellulosic biomass into

Massachusetts-based Verenium Corporation reports that total revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 were $15.2 million compared to $11.3 million for first quarter of 2007. Verenium CEO Carlos Riva says he is encouraged by the overall results and achievements of the first quarter. As planned, our demonstration-scale cellulosic ethanol facility entered the start-up phase and is proceeding on schedule despite significant cost escalation and labor shortages being experienced across the energy sector, said Riva in a statement. We are at a transformational time for both the next-generation biofuels industry and Verenium, as the world is now actively seeking alternate sources of ethanol, particularly those derived from cellulosic biomass, added Riva. Verenium operates an R&D cellulosic ethanol pilot plants in Jennings, Louisiana and has entered the start-up phase at its 1.4 million gallon per year demonstration-scale facility. In addition, the companys process technology has been ...

Cellulosic ethanol is a 50-state solution. It can be produced in every single state in the nation. We have enough cellulosic biomass in this country that, with grain ethanol, we can produce enough clean, renewable ethanol to displace every gallon of foreign oil we currently import. The Project Liberty announcement by POET is the single-most important step forward for proving to all the naysayers that we are at the tip of having commercially viable cellulosic ethanol, said Tom Buis, CEO of Growth Energy ...

The structures of the Glu140--|Gln mutant of the Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase CelC in unliganded form (CelC(E140Q)) and in complex with

Cellulosomes known as the proficient nanomachine in nature are cell bound multi-enzyme complexes that break down cellulose and hemicelluloses. They are very important in the process of carbon turnover. The cellulosome complexes require highly ordered proteins (the interactions between cohesions and dockerins) to assembly cellulases and hemicellulases into a scaffold structure. The protein interactions between cohesion and dockerin play an important role in cellulosome assembly and the attachment of cellulosome to the surface of cells while remaining flexible to provide a stable catalytic synergy.. One function of cellulosomes is breaking down plants structural polysaccharides. It is hypothesize that the constraints of the cellulosomes system created by bacteria and fungi caused the deconstruction of plant cell wall to become more and more efficient. The splicing of the plant-cell wall involves the addition of enzymes on to a macromolecule complex will increase the effectiveness of the ...

Mascoma is developing a Consolidated Bioprocessing process that results in a simpler, lower-cost pathway for cellulosic ethanol. Click to enlarge. Source: DOE BESC General Motors Corp. and Mascoma Corp. have entered a strategic relationship to develop cellulosic ethanol based on Mascomas Consolidated Bioprocessing single-step biochemical conversion of non-grain biomass into...

Mascoma is developing a Consolidated Bioprocessing process that results in a simpler, lower-cost pathway for cellulosic ethanol. Click to enlarge. Source: DOE BESC General Motors Corp. and Mascoma Corp. have entered a strategic relationship to develop cellulosic ethanol based on Mascomas Consolidated Bioprocessing single-step biochemical conversion of non-grain biomass into...

References Mansfield SG, Chao H, Walsh CE. RNA repair using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. Trends Mol Med. 2004 Jun;10(6):263-8. (...)

Structural and biochemical analysis of the phosphate donor specificity of the polynucleotide kinase component of the bacterial pnkphen1 RNA repair system ...

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Aurora B kinase, a key regulator of cell division, localizes to specific cellular locations, but the regulatory mechanisms responsible for phosphorylation of substrates located remotely from kinase enrichment sites are unclear. Here, we provide evidence that this activity at a distance depends on bo …

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