به منظور مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکیبرخی از صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک و بررسی اثر تنش کم آبی روی آنها در 34 جمعیت از گونه Triticum boeoticumآزمایشی به صورت کرت-های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک-های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار با در نظر گرفتن شرایط واجد و بدون تنش کم آبی در کرت-های اصلی و جمعیت-ها در کرت-های فرعی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز طی سال زراعی 90-1389 انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر تفاوت معنی-دار بین جمعیت-ها در تمام صفات مورد بررسی و وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بین جمعیت-ها بود. عملکرد دانه و طول × عرض دومین برگ زیر سنبله در هر دو شرایط دارای بالاترین ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی و

Key Results Recombination in the gametes of the F₁ hybrids was at a level where it was possible to generate a genetic linkage map of Ae. speltoides. This was used to identify 294 wheat/Ae. speltoides introgressions. Introgressions from all seven linkage groups of Ae. speltoides were found, including both large and small segments. Comparative analysis showed that overall macro-synteny is conserved between Ae. speltoides and T. aestivum, but that Ae. speltoides does not contain the 4A/5A/7B translocations present in wheat. Aegilops speltoides has been reported to carry gametocidal genes, i.e. genes that ensure their transmission through the gametes to the next generation. Transmission rates of the seven Ae. speltoides linkage groups introgressed into wheat varied. A 100 % transmission rate of linkage group 2 demonstrates the presence of the gametocidal genes on this chromosome ...

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs within 338,536 contigs of the line-specific assemblies were identified by MISA [39] under standard settings. Out of the five inbred lines, Lo225 was selected as reference dataset as it provided the highest number of SSR containing contigs. The MISA output of the four remaining lines was cross-matched with the Lo225 dataset to detect redundant SSRs. A non-redundant SSR dataset was generated by combining "unique" SSR motifs detected in Lo7, Lo152, Lo225, P87, and P105. Mononucleotide repeat motifs were discarded since monomer runs are known to be the most frequent sequencing errors in Roche/454 data. For experimental validation of in silico detected SSRs, primers flanking the SSR motifs were designed using Primer3 [40]. Amplification of the fragments was performed in Lo7, Lo225, P87, and P105 as they are the parents of two mapping populations. Thus, polymorphisms detected between Lo7 and Lo225 and/or P87 and P105 enable the genetic mapping of discovered SSRs. ...

The sheer size of the wheat genome has been daunting in terms of whole genome sequencing. The Wheat genome is about five times the size of the human genome and hence was considered close to impossible to sequence. In Comparison to other important crop plants such as Soyabean and Rice, the difficulty of working with such a large genome has left wheat lagging behind in the race of genome sequencing. However, using advanced sequencing techniques employed by Roches 454 sequencers, the effort has managed to cover about 95% of the known wheat genes. The results of the study are now available for public use via Genbank, EMBL and CerealsDB. Nevertheless, there are those who warn that the gene map is far from complete and that the first high quality complete map data will be available only within five years. The full sequenced genome requires further read-throughs, assembly of the data into chromosomes and significant work to fully annotate the sequence data.. According to Dr. Neil Hall of the ...

Read "Anther culture as an effective tool in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding, Russian Journal of Genetics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

درک واکنش جوانه‏زنی بذر ژنوتیپ‏های زراعی به دما از دیدگاه زراعی حائز اهمیت است. ژنوتیپ‏هایی که در دماهای پایین جوانه‏زنی خود را آغاز می‏کنند می‏توانند برای موقعیت‏هایی (مانند کشت‏های دیرهنگام پاییزه) مفید باشند که جوانه‏زنی با دماهای کم همزمان می‏گردد. از این رو، مطالعة حاضر به منظور یافتن دماهای کاردینال، بررسی واکنش به دما و دامنة بردباری دمایی جوانه‏زنی بذر 12 رقم از گندم‏های مورد استفاده در شمال کشور انجام شد. علاوه بر این، تأثیر هفت دمای ثابت بین 5 و 37 درجه سانتی‏گراد بر ویژگی‏های جوانه‏زنی این ارقام ارزیابی گردید. دمای پایة (Tb) ارقام گندم مورد

However one thing we do know is that its fairly easy to mix DNA from different sources, even plants and animals, and after a bit of trial and error, have a successful product. We even know unusual chromosome counts can be supported successfully to create completely new classes of creatures. Mixing ape and human DNA is relatively easy once youve mapped the genes and allocated attributes. Fortunately, Stalins people had no clue about DNA. Unfortunately the world is full of well funded labs in the darkest (no pun intended) corners of the world where laws arent quite as strict as they are here in the US. In fact in many countries there are no laws whatsoever that address these issues and where they are a part of an internation agreement there is no active investigation and enforcement ...

LT: Triticum aestivum L. LT designated by Hitchcock in Amer. J. Bot. 10: 513. 1923; see also Hitchcock, Nom. Prop. Int. Bot. Congr. Cambridge (England) 1930: 121 (1929) ...

Fulgi de Secara Solaris sunt realizati din cereale integrale si au o valoare nutritiva deosebita. Prin tehnologia de fabricatie nu se modifica si nu se

Several molecular marker systems have been developed for assessing genetic diversity in crop germplasm collections. A trade-off often exists between the number of loci that can feasibly be sampled by a marker system and the amount of information provided by each locus. We compared the usefulness of two marker systems for revealing genetic diversity and population structure in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and diversity array technology (DArT) markers. DArTs survey many more loci per reaction than do SSRs; however, as bi-allelic, dominant markers, DArTs provide less polymorphism information per locus. Genetic differentiation was assessed in a randomly selected set of 436 cassava accessions, consisting of 155 African and 281 Latin American accessions. A genome-wide set of 36 SSR markers and a DArT array of approximately 1000 polymorphic clones were used to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. Cluster analyses were performed using principal coordinate ...

The chromosome karyotyping of insects included Lepidoptera is very difficult because of the large number of chromosomes, small size, and lack of major constriction structure. This has been a great hindrance to the karyological analysis. In this study, using banding analysis on the pachytene chromosomes, all chromosomes were characterized, and idiograms of Bombyx mori and R mandarina were established. From the testes during meiosis, 81 and 56 cells were examined for the analysis of B. mori and R mandarina, respectively. The best preparation of pachytene chromosomes was obtained on the 3(rd) day of the 3(rd) larva and 2(nd) or 3(rd) day of the 4(th) larva of the B. mori male, and it revealed that there was a characteristic nucleolus structure in the 2(nd) chromosomes, which was supposed to be the Z sex chromosome. The length of the pachytene chromosome was variable during the developmental stage of the cell, so the physical length of each chromosome was relatively converted in comparison to the ...

Major cereal crops including wheat (T. aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and rice (O. sativa L.) belong to the grass family Poaceae. Comparisons of genetic maps and DNA sequences have suggested that these grass genomes originated from a common ancestor 50-60 million years ago (Bennetzen and Freeling 1993; Kellogg 1998) and have similar gene composition and colinearity (Ahn and Tanksley 1993; Ahn et al. 1993). The number of functional genes in these crop plants is not known. The number of genes in rice estimated from genome sequence analysis ranges from 32,000 to 50,000 (Goff et al. 2002). In hexaploid wheat, the gene number estimates range from 75,000 to 150,000, or ∼10,000-20,000 gene loci per homoeologous group (Sidhu and Gill 2004). Here we report physical mapping of ,2000 loci (10-20% of the total) for wheat homoeologous group 6. We also show the general distribution of genes on the chromosomes.. Deletion mapping revealed significant differences among group 6 ...

BackgroundHigh-throughput tools for pan-genomic study, especially the DNA microarray platform, have sparked a remarkable increase in data production and enabled a shift in the scale at which biological investigation is possible. The use of microarrays to examine evolutionary relationships and processes, however, is predominantly restricted to model or near-model organisms.Methodology/Principal FindingsThis study explores the utility of Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) in evolutionary studies of non-model organisms. DArT is a hybridization-based genotyping method that uses microarray technology to identify and type DNA polymorphism. Theoretically applicable to any organism (even one for which no prior genetic data are available), DArT has not yet been explored in exclusively wild sample sets, nor extensively examined in a phylogenetic framework. DArT recovered 1349 markers of largely low copy-number loci in two lineages of seed-free land plants: the diploid fern Asplenium viride and the haploid moss

Hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42) is a member of the Poaceae family and has a large genome (similar to 12.5 Gb) containing 21 chromosome pairs from three ancestral genomes. Physical rearrangements among parental genomes have hindered the development of linkage maps in this species. The objective of this work was to develop a single high-density consensus linkage map that is representative of the majority of commonly grown oat varieties. Data from a cDNA-derived single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) were collected from the progeny of 12 biparental recombinant inbred line populations derived from 19 parents representing oat germplasm cultivated primarily in North America. Linkage groups from all mapping populations were compared to identify 21 clusters of conserved collinearity. Linkage groups within each cluster were then merged into 21 consensus chromosomes, generating a framework consensus map of 7202 markers spanning 2843 cM. An additional ...

This paper describes a series of winter wheat - winter barley disomic addition lines developed from hybrids between winter wheat line Triticum aestivum L. Martonvásári 9 kr1 and the German 2-rowed winter barley cultivar Hordeum vulgare L. Igri. The barley chromosomes in a wheat background were identified from the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) patterns obtained with various combinations of repetitive DNA probes: GAA-HvT01 and pTa71-HvT01. The disomic addition lines 2H, 3H, and 4H and the 1HS isochromosome were identified on the basis of a 2-colour FISH with the DNA probe pairs GAA-pAs1, GAA-HvT01, and pTa71-HvT01. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to confirm the presence of the barley chromosomes in the wheat genome. The identification of the barley chromosomes in the addition lines was further confirmed with simple-sequence repeat markers. The addition lines were also characterized morphologically. ...

Detail záznamu - An Improved Consensus Linkage Map of Barley Based on Flow-Sorted Chromosomes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers - Detail záznamu - Knihovna Akademie věd České republiky

WRKY transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and responses to biotic stresses. Although they have been found to play roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses, these roles still need to be explored, especially those pertaining to crops. Durum wheat is the second most widely produced cereal in the world. Complex, large and unsequenced genomes, in addition to a lack of genomic resources, hinder the molecular characterization of tolerance mechanisms.This paper describes the isolation and characterization of five TdWRKY genes from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. Durum). A PCR-based screening of a T. turgidum BAC genomic library using primers within the conserved region of WRKY genes resulted in the isolation of five BAC clones. Following sequencing fully the five BACs, fine annotation through Triannot pipeline revealed 74.6% of the entire sequences as transposable elements and a 3.2% gene content with genes organized as islands within

The annual allotetraploid species Aegilops geniculata harbors a number of traits relevant for wheat improvement. An effective cytogenetic method has yet to be developed to distinguish between each of its 14 chromosomes. A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach was adopted to describe the karyotype of Ae. geniculata. Each of its 14 chromosomes was unequivocally recognized using a cocktail of three probes, namely pTa-713, (AAC)5 and pTa71. FISH karyotyping was then used to detect and characterize selections from an Ae. geniculata × bread wheat wide cross of a chromosome 1Mg disomic addition line and three 4Mg(4B) substitution lines. The identity of the addition line was confirmed by the presence of Glu-M1, detected both using an SDS-PAGE separation of endosperm proteins and by applying a PCR assay directed at the Glu-M1 locus. The status of the substitution lines was validated by genotyping using a wheat single nucleotide polymorphism chip. FISH karyotyping based on pTa-713, (AAC)5 and pTa71

18-26S rDNA loci were mapped on chromosomes in four species of Paris, and the number and position of rDNA sites in these species were compared for analysis of the distribution of the sites. All the plants were diploids, and the genome consisted of five chromosomes, A, B, C, D and E. (1) P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, 2n = 10 = 6m + 4t. Two 18-26S rDNA loci were detected on the short arms of C and D chromosomes; (2) P. forrestii, 2n = 10 = 6m + 4t. One locus was detected on the long arm of B chromosome, and also two loci on the short arms of C and D chromosomes; (3) P. axialis. 2n = 10 = 6m(2sat) + 4t(2sat) + 1 - 2B. Two loci were detected on the short arms of C and D chromosomes. One locus was detected in the cell with two B-chromosomes (B), but none was detected in that with only one B chromosome, indicating that rRNA gene existed on B chromsome, and an unequal division occurred during mitotic cycle of B-chromosomes. (4) P. daliensis, 2n = 10 = 4m + 2sm + 2st + 2t. One locus was detected on ...

Disomic alien addition lines (DAALs, 2n=42) were obtained from an intersubgeneric cross between Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Dwight (2n=40, G1G1) and Glycine tomentella Hayata (PI 441001, 2n=78, D3D3CC). They are morphologically uniform but distinct from either of the parents. These DAALs were all derived from the same monosomic alien addition line (MAAL, 2n=41), and theoretically they should breed true because they had a pair of homologous chromosomes from G. tomentella and 40 soybean chromosomes. However, in some selfed progenies of DAALs the extra G. tomentella chromosomes were eliminated resulting in plants with 2n=40 chromosomes. These progeny lines (2n=40) have a wide variation in phenotypes. The objective of this research was to document the phenotypic and chromosomal variation among the progeny of these DAALs, and to understand the genetics behind this phenomenon. In the replicated field study, variation was observed among the disomic progenies for the qualitative traits such as flower, ...

A field experiment was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Research Field Station in Karaj, Iran, during the 2009-10 and 2010-11 growing seasons to estimate genetic progress and the variation in penological and agronomic characteristics in 13 irrigated facultative/winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released in Iran between 1943 and 2011. Trends of temporal variation of the traits measured revealed that grain yield and some related phonological and agronomic traits have increased in the more recently released cultivars. Thousand grain weight decreased slightly compared to older cultivars. Number of days to heading and anthesis decreased in new cultivars, butgrain-filling period and days to physiological maturity did not change. Spike length also increased but plant height decreased in more recently released cultivars. These changes may explain the increase in grain yield of newly released facultative/winter bread wheat cultivars.

Triticum turgidum (Rivet wheat). This species is an annual grass which has solid stems. The medium green leaves are flat and about 16mm. The glumes are yellow-brown.

The prophylactic treatment adopted was as follows for the period 15 August 1934 to 15 January 1935, the duration of the experiment:. The population of the village was divided into two lots of 135 subjects. The first lot (lot A) took a gametocidal treatment from 15 August 1934: 2 cg. of Praequine daily for five days, taken half an hour before the morning meal. This gametocidal treatment was repeated every two months, thus three times in total during the experiment.. At the same time and after the gametocidal treatment, lot A received preventive treatment with quinine chlorhydrate (o g. 50 (sic) every day for six out of seven days, taken half an hour before the meal).. The second lot (lot B) took the same gametocidal treatment as lot A. At the same time and after the gametocidal treatments, lot B received 10 cg. of Quinacrine every day for four days out of seven and this throughout the duration of the experiment.". Translation by Ulrich Tröhler. ...

After testing several genome complexity reduction methods we identified the PstI/TaqI method as the most effective for Eucalyptus and developed 18 genomic libraries from PstI/TaqI representations of 64 different Eucalyptus species. A total of 23,808 cloned DNA fragments were screened and 13,300 (56%) were found to be polymorphic among 284 individuals. After a redundancy analysis, 6,528 markers were selected for the operational array and these were supplemented with 1,152 additional clones taken from a library made from the E. grandis tree whose genome has been sequenced. Performance validation for diversity studies revealed 4,752 polymorphic markers among 174 individuals. Additionally, 5,013 markers showed segregation when screened using six inter-specific mapping pedigrees, with an average of 2,211 polymorphic markers per pedigree and a minimum of 859 polymorphic markers that were shared between any two pedigrees ...

In the workshop, various approaches to sequencing the wheat genome were considered. These included selected BAC/CBCS, MF, HC, and/or a combination approach. The discussion was focused on the relative efficiency of each strategy in relation to cost and division of labor among the international participants.. The WGS approach was considered too difficult mainly because of the large size and highly repetitive nature of the wheat genome. Several participants proposed a selected BAC approach, in which the gene-containing BACs were isolated by hybridization with ESTs and fingerprinted to construct MTPs and the gene-rich MTPs were sequenced. It was argued that a global physical map should be considered rather than only the gene-rich regions for greater impact on map-based cloning of agriculturally important genes. For gene filtration, preliminary results showed that MF could enrich wheat genes by 2- to 3-fold (Li et al. 2004) or even 5-fold (P. Rabinowicz, A. Bedell, M. A. Budiman, N. Lakey, A. ...

Citation: AKHUNOV, E.D., LAZO, G.R., CHAO, S., ANDERSON, O.D., GUSTAFSON, J.P., WALKER-SIMMONS, M.K., STEBER, C.M. THE ORGANIZATION AND RATE OF EVOLUTION OF THE WHEAT TRANSCRIPTOME ARE CORRELATED WITH RECOMBINATION RATES ALONG CHROMOSOME ARMS. GENOME RESEARCH. 2003. V. 13(5). P. 753-763. Interpretive Summary: Wheat is one of the most important crops both within the U.S. and worldwide. Development of new and improved varieties into the future will depend on the basic knowledge of the organization and function of the genes found on the wheat chromosomes. This paper describes relationships between wheat chromosome structure and the exchange of genetic information through recombining gene and chromosome segments and the distribution and fate of duplicated genes. It was found the the fastest changing portions of the wheat chromosomes are the distal ends of the chromosomes - regions where gene duplication and DNA exchange between chromosomes is occurring the most rapidly. The paper also discusses the ...

Investigations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) using molecular and conventional breeding techniques for abiotic and biotic ...

Wow, I count 14 question marks in one post. Is that a record?. Ill try to hit as many of the question marks as possible.. 1. So wouldnt the first human (with 46) have significant trouble reproducing? Not necessarily. Research has been performed to investigate just this question and found that fertility is effected only minimally. Essentially, it turns out that some centromeres are better at attracting the kinetochore machinery than others and thus outcompete the neighboring centromere for resources [a]. Thus, even in the case of a fusion, only one centromere will remain active.. 2. Could he or she reproduce with an ape mate? No. Nor would they likely be interested in doing so - any more than you are interested in mating with a gorilla. When a chromosomal fusion occurs in one individual human, they would look no different than any other human. All the same genes are still there, being expressed the same way. When the fusion of chromosomes 12 and 13 occurred in the human lineage, nobody would ...

Wow, I count 14 question marks in one post. Is that a record?. Ill try to hit as many of the question marks as possible.. 1. So wouldnt the first human (with 46) have significant trouble reproducing? Not necessarily. Research has been performed to investigate just this question and found that fertility is effected only minimally. Essentially, it turns out that some centromeres are better at attracting the kinetochore machinery than others and thus outcompete the neighboring centromere for resources [a]. Thus, even in the case of a fusion, only one centromere will remain active.. 2. Could he or she reproduce with an ape mate? No. Nor would they likely be interested in doing so - any more than you are interested in mating with a gorilla. When a chromosomal fusion occurs in one individual human, they would look no different than any other human. All the same genes are still there, being expressed the same way. When the fusion of chromosomes 12 and 13 occurred in the human lineage, nobody would ...

INTRODUCTION. Wheat (Triticum spp.) is an autogamous plant with perfect flowers producing limited amounts of pollen, and it is characterized by a relatively short period of gynoecium receptivity. Genetic improvement of wheat has been a matter of considerable concern through the years, mainly to increase yields, minimize losses due to unfavorable environmental conditions, and develop resistance to pests and diseases (Pingali and Rajaram, 2000).. With 8,000 years of history, wheat is the main cereal in the diet of mankind. Its global production is currently 640 million tons a year, and production has increased in accordance with the increase in population. In the last fifty years. wheat production had increased nearly 1% per year. This is due to technological advances in genetically more productive cultivars and the adoptionof bettercultivationpractices. By 2025. it is expected that a yearly increase in yield of about 2.5% will be required to meet the needs of a growing population demanding more ...

Hello All I have list of genes i want to know which all genes will make one chromosome segments So For example i have gene A , B , C , D i want for example A,B, C forming one stretch of chromosome segment (1p15.1p20) 1p15.1p.20 will make one segment. If i have ramdom gene name i want which genes will fall in one stretch of segments.. ...

«Collinearity» In geometry, collinearity is a property of a set of points, specifically, the property of lying on a single line. A set of points with this property is ...

Some of these are Heritage Wheats that go back to the 1700s. They are all "modern" wheat types in that they shed their hulls easily and can be easily threshed without equipment. They are all the same species, Triticum aestivum, while the truly ancient wheats are other species ...

The [email protected] Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access ...

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ಆಹಾರ ಧಾನ್ಯೊಡ್ ಒ೦ಜಿ ಧಾನ್ಯ ಗೋಧಿ. ಕನ್ನಡೊಡ್ ಗೋಧಿ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಇ೦ಗ್ಲಿ‍‍‍ಶುಡು Wheat ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಉ೦ದು ತೂವರೆಗ್ ಕೆಸರಿ ಕ೦ದು ಬಣ್ಣ ಇಪ್ಪು೦ಡು. ನೆತ್ತ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುದರ್ Triticum spp. ಪ೦ಜಾಬುಡು ಗೋಧಿನು ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬುಳೆಪೆರ್. ಅತ್ತಾವ್೦ದೆ ಗೋಧಿನ್ ಬಿಸ್ಕಿೞ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪರೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋರಿಗ್, ಪೆತ್ತಗು ಆಹಾರ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಉಪಯೋಗಿಸುವೆರು. ಗೋಧಿ ತಿನ್ನು೦ಡ ಶರೀರ ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಆಪು೦ಡ್. ...

The disomic addition lines of chromosomes 4R and 6R of Secale cereale cv. Imperial rye in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were completely free from Karnal bunt disease of wheat under artificial inoculation. The rye chromosomes 4R and 6R were transferred into a high yielding but Karnal bunt susceptible bread wheat variety WL711 through backcrossing. The monosomic and disomic addition lines of 4R and 6R in WL711 also maintained resistance against a particular isolate of Karnal bunt during backcrossing whereas their euploid segregants were as susceptible as the recurrent parent. The 4R and 6R addition lines, however, were susceptible to a new isolate of Neovossia indica virulent on triticale. The work to substitute the rye chromosomes for their B and D wheat genome homoeologues is in progress.. ...

Wild relatives of wheat may possess useful traits or genes for efficient use of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). Forty-three wheat addition lines with alien chromosomes from Leymus, Agropyron, Hordeum, Psathyrostachys, Aegilops, and Secale cereale, along with their common parent Chinese Spring (CS) were cultured by hydroponics, and their phenotypic variation, N/P uptake and utilization efficiency were investigated at seedling stage. The phenotypic variation showed that N deficiency decreased plant height, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight, while increased root length, number of leaves, SPAD value, and root to shoot ratio (R/S); while P deficiency decreased all the measured traits except root dry weight and R/S. Aegilops longissima 2S and Aegilops searsii 4SS addition lines were identified as both N- and P-efficient germplasm, of which Ae. longissima 2S addition line showed significant increased N and P uptake efficiency than CS under all treatments ...

Wild related species are a useful reservoir of valuable genes for widening the genetic base of wheat and for the reduction of the vulnerability of wheat cultivars to pathogens, fungal diseases and environmental hazards. In this work, the action of prezygotic and postzygotic incrossability barriers was characterized, determining the possibilities of direct introduction of Am - genome from Triticum monococcum and D-genome from Triticum. tauschii into T. aestivum cultivars, with elimination of commonly performed bridging hybridisation with tetraploid wheat. As gene recipient parents, Polish cultivars of hexaploid wheat cv. Omega, cv. Igna (spring) and cv. Tercja (winter) were used. Application of wheat cultivars as female parents in hybridisation with T. tauschii yielded a very low percentage of effective pollination (0-1.2%). In reciprocal crosses prezygotic incompatibility barriers were more weakly expressed, and percentages of effective pollination (i.e. pollination which initiates the first ...

As with many grasses, polyploidy is common in wheat.[9] There are two wild diploid (non-polyploid) wheats, T. boeoticum and T. urartu. T. boeoticum is the wild ancestor of domesticated einkorn, T. monococcum.[10] Cells of the diploid wheats each contain 2 complements of 7 chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father (2n=2x=14, where 2n is the number of chromosomes in each somatic cell, and x is the basic chromosome number). The polyploid wheats are tetraploid (4 sets of chromosomes, 2n=4x=28), or hexaploid (6 sets of chromosomes, 2n=6x=42). The tetraploid wild wheats are wild emmer, T. dicoccoides, and T. araraticum. Wild emmer is the ancestor of all the domesticated tetraploid wheats, with one exception: T. araraticum is the wild ancestor of T. timopheevi.[11] There are no wild hexaploid wheats, although feral forms of common wheat are sometimes found. Hexaploid wheats developed under domestication. Genetic analysis has shown that the original hexaploid wheats were the result of a ...

The main aim of this work is the evaluation of the genetic diversity existing in a collection of 23 wild populations of Brachypodium distachyon, collected in diverse regions of the Iberian Peninsula, using two recently marketed lines as reference. The estimation of this variability has been done with the use of two types of markers. The first is biochemical and consists in the study of the endosperm proteins. The second concerns the molecular analysis of inter-microsatellites (ISSRs). A preliminary evaluation of the response of immature zygotic embryos from samples of all the populations to the in vitro culture has also been carried out. Considering the results obtained and the autogamous reproduction system of Brachypodium distachyon, the collection analysed constitutes an excellent plant material for the production of pure lines, after domestication and mass selection, which would be a valuable resource in the recovery of degraded soils, and to bulk up material for development of ...

Aegilops tauschii (2n=2 x=14, DD) is a rich source of genetic variability for hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n=6 x=42, AABBDD) improvement. This variability can be accessed through utilizing synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, which contain genomes from Ae. tauschii and T. turgidum (2n=4 x=28, AABB). Numerous desirable characteristics can and have been introgressed into common hexaploid wheat with this germplasm. In this work, the genetic variability in the two puroindoline genes (a and b) contained on the D genome, and the relationship that sequence polymorphisms in these genes have on endosperm texture among a population of 75 CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid accessions is described. Kernel texture was evaluated using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS). Kernel texture differed significantly (P=0.0001) among the synthetic hexaploid accessions (range 2.6 40.9) and the parent types, durum or Ae. tauschii. The interaction term between parent types was also a significant effect ...

Read "Production of wheat-rye substitution lines and identification of chromosome composition of karyotypes using C-banding, GISH, and SSR markers, Russian Journal of Genetics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Mori, N.; Liu, Y.G.; Nakamura, C.; Tsunewaki, K., 1991: Genetic differentiation between two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides and T. araraticum as revealed by RFLP analysis of organellar and nuclear DNA

Mathur, H.C.; Chaudhary, H.B.; Singh, S.R., 1997: Identification of chromosomes carrying genes for resistance to loose smut of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in India

Scientists from the Department of Horticulture are using modern laser-based flow cytometry techniques for isolating plant protoplasts. Such applications are at the leading edge in this field. The approach allows identification and physical isolation of single plant chromosomes. ...

Triticale is a man-made crop developed by crossing wheat (Triticum turgidum or Triticum aestivum) with rye (Secale cereale).. ...