Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels. Very often, CE refers to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), but other electrophoretic techniques including capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), capillary isotachophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) belong also to this class of methods. In CE methods, analytes migrate through electrolyte solutions under the influence of an electric field. Analytes can be separated according to ionic mobility and/or partitioning into an alternate phase via non-covalent interactions. Additionally, analytes may be concentrated or focused by means of gradients in conductivity and pH. The instrumentation needed to perform capillary electrophoresis is relatively simple. A basic schematic of a capillary electrophoresis system is shown in figure 1. The systems main components are a sample ...

Detection of drugs at low concentration is required in a variety of biological and medical situations, in order to avoid harmful side effects posed by some drug residues. The book details the instrumentation, detection, and application of nano chromatography (that is, any chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic method dealing with the detection of a sample at nano gram per liter or lower) and capillary electrophoresis in the analyses of biological and environmental samples. Methods discussed include: Nano Gas Chromatography, Nano Capillary Electrophoresis, Nano Chiral Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, and Nano High Performance Liquid Chromatography.. ...

Many factors can affect the natural organic matter adsorption on clay, such as pH and ionic strength. Blended background electrolyte could be causing better simulation to natural effects. Therefore, kinetic study of humic acid (HA) adsorption onto smectite has been studied under various conditions. Impact of pH and individual and blend background electrolyte with different ionic strength concentration on the ... Read more. ...

This graph shows the total number of publications written about Capillary Electrochromatography by people in this website by year, and whether Capillary Electrochromatography was a major or minor topic of these publications ...

The separation of different ring numbered polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was accomplished by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in capillary electrokinetic chromatography. In order to increase the solubilities and selectivities of PAHs, acetonitrile (ACN) was used as an organic modifier. Under the optimised conditions, 11 aromatic compounds were separated within 14.5 min in a running electrolyte containing 10 mM phosphate, 30 mM CTAB, and 40% ACN at pH 6.0. The effects of CTAB and ACN concentrations, voltage and pH on the resolution were investigated. Reproducibilities of migration times range between 0.55 and 1.27 R.S.D.% and peak areas between 1.02 and 7.23 R.S.D.%. Limit of detections (LODs) range between 0.09 and 2.24 mu g ml(-1). This new and fast separation method of PAHs was applied to cooked oil sample. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...

The temperature variation of electroosmotic mobility corrected for the effects of Joule heating was employed to investigate the variation of the zeta-potential with temperature in fused-silica capillaries. Experimentally determined values for zeta increased at 0.39% per °C, a rate that is about four to five times smaller than reported previously. Experimentally determined values of zeta were directly proportional to the absolute temperature although values were also influenced slightly by changes to the dielectric constant. It was found that the effective charge density at the inner surface of the capillary was independent of temperature.. ...

Nanoparticles were used as a pseudostationary phase in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for separation of both neutral analytes by a reversed phase mechanism, as well as for cationic analytes by a cation exchange mechanism. Nanoparticles suspended in electrolyte, were injected as a plug prior to the sample using a partial filling technique (PF), or used as electrolyte in a continuous full filling (CFF) technique. An orthogonal ESI probe was used to hinder the nanoparticles from entering the mass spectrometer and to allow detection of analytes co-eluting with concentrated nanoparticle slurries. Two types of nanoparticles were synthesised and used, both of them having a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic surface. The hydrophobic core gave the nanoparticles reversed phase properties and the hydrophilic surface promoted the formation of stable slurries of nanoparticles in electrolytes with a low concentration of organic modifier. The surface of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Polyethylenimine-modified metal oxides for fabrication of packed capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography. AU - Wiedmer, Susanne K.. AU - DOrazio, Giovanni. AU - Smått, Jan-Henrik. AU - Bourdin, Delphine. AU - Baños-Pérez, Clara. AU - Sakeye, Motolani. AU - Kivilompolo, Maarit. AU - Kopperi, Matias. AU - Ruiz-Jiménez, José. AU - Fanali, Salvatore. AU - Riekkola, Marja-Liisa. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.071. DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.071. M3 - Artikel. VL - 1218. SP - 5020. EP - 5029. JO - Journal of Chromatography A. JF - Journal of Chromatography A. SN - 0021-9673. IS - 30. ER - ...

Enantioseparation has attracted considerable attention in biological science and pharmaceutical industry because of the different physiological activity and pharmacological effects of different enantiomers (1). Amongst many analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new separation technique that provides rapid analysis with high efficiency and resolution due to the use of electric field and a variety of selective modes (2). Cyclodextrins are the most commonly utilized chiral selectors added into the background electrolyte to perform enantioseparation. Besides neutral CDs derivatives, the synthesis and application of charged CDs derivatives have become attractive due to their good water solubility and excellent enantiorecognition abilities towards counter-charged racemic analytes (3,4). Previously, our group has developed a series of positive changed single isomer CD selectors which afforded good enantioseparation abilities to anionic and ampholytic acids by CE (5,6,7). ...

An experimental study of parameters influencing peak shapes in ion-exchange open tubular (OT) capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was conducted using adsorbed quaternary aminated latex particles as the stationary phase. The combination of separation mechanisms from both capillary electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography results in peak broadening in OT-CEC arising from both these techniques. The sources of peak broadening that were considered included the relative electrophoretic mobilities of the eluent co-ion and analyte, and resistance to mass transfer in both the mobile and stationary phases. The parameters investigated were the mobility of the eluent co-ion, column diameter, separation temperature and secondary interactions between the analyte and the stationary phase. The electromigration dispersion was found to influence peak shapes to a minor extent, indicating that chromatographic retention was the dominant source of dispersion. Improving the resistance to mass transfer in the ...

High-speed capillary electrochromatography was developed on both short and long packed columns with 2 mu m non-porous ODS as the stationary phase. Factors that affect the analysis time of samples, such as voltage, electrolyte concentration, pH and organic modifier concentration in the mobile phase, were studied systematically. Fast analysis of aromatic compounds within 13 seconds was realized with column efficiency of 573,000 plates/m and a R.S.D.% of the retention times of all components in 8 consecutive injections below 1.0%. which demonstrated the high efficiency and high reproducibility of such a technique. In addition, DNPH derived aldehydes and ketones in both standards and environmental samples were separated with high speed ...

article{350485, author = {Lynen, Frederic and BUICA, A and De Villiers, Andr{\e} and CROUCH, A and Sandra, Patrick}, issn = {1615-9306}, journal = {JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE}, language = {eng}, number = {13}, pages = {1539--1549}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, title = {An efficient slurry packing procedure for the preparation of columns applicable in capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry}, volume = {28}, year = {2005 ...

On-Column Ion-Exchange Preconcentration of Inorganic Anions in Open Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography with Elution Using Transient-Isotachophoretic Gradients. 3. Implementation and Method Development

Félicie Denet, Willy Hauck, Roger Marc Nicoud, Orazio Di Giovanni, Marco Mazzotti, et al.. Enantioseparation through Supercritical Fluid Simulated Moving Bed (SF-SMB) Chromatography. Industrial and engineering chemistry research, American Chemical Society, 2001, 40 (21), pp.4603 - 4609. ⟨10.1021/ie000959v⟩. ⟨hal-01706022⟩ ...

Characterization of nanocrystals is crucial for the development of many chemical methods based on this technology. For this, there are several techniques, mainly microscopic, and recently capillary electrophoretic techniques, that have been proposed. In our laboratory, we examined several capillary electrophoretic methodologies: zone (CZE), micellar (MEKC), microemulsion (MEEKC), non-aqueous (NACE) and polymer based (CGE). For the separation of water soluble CdSe nanocrystals, CZE, MEKC and CGE were found to be suitable

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Expanding on Jonts explanation, the frequency of vibration is strictly proportional to the speed of sound and inversely proportional to the pipes effective length (f = c/(2*Leff)). The speed of sound depends on the properties of the gas contained in the pipe and the temperature of the gas: c = const*sqrt(T(kelvin)) = const*sqrt(273+T(celsius)) For dry air, const = 20.1, so at 20 degrees celsius c = 20.1*sqrt(273 + 20) = 344 m/s A useful approximation good for a range of temperatures around zero degrees C is c = 331.3 + 0.6*T(celsius) If the pipe were cold, at say 50 degrees F (10 degrees C), the frequency would be 337.3, according to this formula. (338.1 using the more accurate sqrt formula) When warmed to a room temperature of 20 degrees C we are back to 344 m/s. So this is an increase of about 1.8% or about 3 tenths of a semi-tone (which is approx. 5.9%). You can calculate the pitch change in cents using the formula cents_change = 3986.3*log10(f2/f1) = 3986.3*log10(sqrt((273 + Tc2)/(273 + ...

Metal tubeless tire valve stem fits all cast wheels with .327in.-.339in. holes Full-length threading for various rim thicknesses Comes with metal cap, lock nut and O-ring seal 1 3/16in. effective length

Cheung, H.Y.; Ng, C.W.; Hood, D.J., 2001: Identification and quantification of base and nucleoside markers in extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma japonicum and Ganoderma capsules by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Detectors for use with capillary columns must have high sensitivities due to the limited sample size that can be used whith such columns. In addition, due to the very small peak volumes produced by the column, the sensing volume must also be extremely small. As the flame ionization detector (FID) is mass sensitive as opposed to concentration sensitive (see book 4 of this series for the meaning of mass and concentration sensitivity) the dilution by hydrogen does not effect the detector response. Thus, the FID has both the high sensitivity and the small sensor volume that is necessary and is, consequently, ideal for use with capillary columns. The nitrogen phosphorous detector (NPD) is also appropriate for capillary columns (the function of which is very similar to that of the FID) for the same reason. The micro-argon detector employs a scavenger flow which also, in effect, reduces the sensor volume, so this detector can also be used with capillary columns. The FID and the NPD detector will be ...

Microthermometry is the most common technique used to determine the salinity of aqueous fluid inclusions but, in some cases, this technique cannot be applied. The Raman analysis of water is a good alternative. Instead of preparing fluid inclusions within minerals by the crack-and-heal method, fused-silica capillary capsules (FSCCs) were used as synthetic fluid inclusions to calibrate the Raman signal of water toward chlorinity. The preparation of FSCCs is convenient in the preparation of synthetic fluid inclusions, and the composition of the standard solutions is well controlled all along the preparation procedure. Standard fluid compositions made in FSCCs are stable over time. The treatment of Raman data is reduced to the subtraction of a straight baseline and the measurement of Raman intensity at two wavenumbers, such that it is simple and independent from the operator. The method has been tested by comparison of the results obtained from Raman spectroscopy and with phase transitions observed ...

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method was developed to determine cyclovirobuxin D (CVB-D) levels in tablets and human blood samples. A column with a positive charge-modified C18 stationary phase, C18HCE, was selected to analyze CVB-D, because it provided a sharper and more symmetric peak for CVB-D than conventional C18 stationary phase. Two types of working electrode materials, glassy carbon (GC) and boron-doped diamond (BDD), were evaluated. BDD was found to provide better sensitivity than GC owing to its lower background current and baseline noise. Utilizing the BDD electrode, C18HCE column, and optimized mobile phase composition, the developed HPLC-ECD method showed a much better sensitivity. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the HPLC-ECD method for CVB-D were 0.198 and 0.297 μg/L, respectively. It was approximately 12727, 11481, and 2630 times more sensitive than ultraviolet (UV), evaporative light scattering detection, and ...

The effects of alpha,beta-methylene ATP, an agent known to stimulate and then to desensitize P2-purinoceptors, on the release of endogenous norepinephrine from the electrically stimulated rat caudal artery were determined. Norepinephrine was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection techniques. alpha,beta-Methylene ATP over the concentration range of 1 to 100 microM did not affect the release of norepinephrine evoked by stimulation for 3 min at 1 Hz. In contrast, 2-chloroadenosine, a P1 receptor agonist, and beta,gamma-methylene ATP, a P2 receptor agonist, produced a concentration-related inhibition of the release of norepinephrine presumably by activating prejunctional purinoceptors. The failure of alpha,beta-methylene ATP to inhibit transmitter release was apparently not related to the length of pretreatment with this agent because pretreatments of 0.5 to 15 min yielded similar results. These findings indicate that the ability of alpha,beta-methylene ATP to ...

Cyclodextrin-mediated enantioseparation of phenylalanine amide derivatives and amino alcohols by capillary electrophoresis-Role of complexation constants and complex mobilities ...

Synonyms for benzoin in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for benzoin. 5 synonyms for benzoin: asa dulcis, benjamin, gum benjamin, gum benzoin, genus Benzoin. What are synonyms for benzoin?

Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Vitamin E and related compounds are important minor constituents of oilseeds. They provide many health benefits and are useful in oil preservation. State-of-the-art techniques are needed for studying the impact of the minor constituents on the quality and stability of vegetable oils. Separations of the vitamin-E active compounds in edible oils were evaluated by capillary electrochromatography. The new high-speed techniqu requires minimum solvent consumption. The technique can be used by seed growers and the food/oil industries for information on factors affecting oil quality/stability. Food scientists can utilize the optimized distribution data for improving food flavor and quality. Technical Abstract: Separations of lipid antioxidants, tocopherols (T), and tocotrienols (T3) on octylsilica (OS), octadecylsilica (ODS), phenylsilica, or silica were studied by capillary electrochromatography (CEC)-UV detection. The homologues and isomers of the vitamin E-active ...

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Bezhan Chankvetadze, Naira Burjanadze, Klaus Bergander, Gottfried Blaschke].

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Fengping Zhan, Guangyan Yu, Bixia Yao, Xueping Guo, Ting Liang, Minggen Yu, Qingle Zeng, Wen Weng].

The authors evaluate the performance of multiplexed 96-lane CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection for high-throughput separation–based assays using fluorescein isothiocyanate as a model compound and fluorescein as an internal standard. ...

|p|Benzoin Floral Absolute Oil is a essential oil which is extracted from Benzoin reisins by use of solvent or alchohol extraction menthod.The origin for tis type of oil is Sumatra.This benzoin reisins or rather also called as strax reisins is obtained fr

Benzoin makes the stomach strong and powerful. It enhances sperm count and also makes sperm thick. It increases appetite and eliminates gas troubles.a good cheap medical health care plan. remedy

Looking for SPECTRUM Benzoin,1 Sample (26XY07)? Graingers got your back. Price:$235.50. Easy ordering & convenient delivery. Log-in or register for your pricing.

This paper presents a rationale for the use of biomarkers in detecting early stages of environmental stress and describes the greater responsiveness of biomarkers to varied and multiple stressors. A...

Determination of chlorophenols in water using dispersive liquidliquid microextraction coupled with water-in-oil microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography in normal stacking mode Journal of Separation Science, 2017, 40 , 26622670 Ludi Shi, Jin Wang, Jing Feng, Sihan Zhao, Zhengmeng Wang, Hu Tao, Shuhui Liu Abstract The current routes to couple...

Capillary columns packed electrokinetically with 1.5-μm nonporous octadecylsilica particles are used to achieve rapid separations with high efficiencies. A mixture containing five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as test compounds is separated in less than 5 s with 28 kV applied to a column with a packed length of 6.5 cm (10 cm total length). A sample containing 16 PAHs (classified as priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) is isocratically separated in under 10 min by using longer columns (15-30 cm). Separation efficiencies greater than 700 000 theoretical plates/m are obtained when detection (via UV-excited laser-induced fluorescence) is performed on the packed portion of the capillary. The outlet frit is observed to play an important role in determining column efficiency. The optimum flow rate for best separation efficiency occurs at ∼2 mm/s. The run-to-run reproducibility of the peak retention times on a single column is better than 1% (relative standard deviation)

In an extended chiral drug screening program, enantioseparation of 86 racemic drugs was tested with hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent (CSA). A total of 30 drugs out of 86 could be resolved in this straightforward approach. The number of experiments performed under identical conditions allows a statistical treatment of the data. The enantioseparation of the analytes is correlated with their interaction strength with the CSA. Hence, the concentration of the CSA is a crucial parameter for optimization of the enantioseparation, as shown by a subset of 23 examples ...

With more accurate simulation models and more efficient algorithms becoming available, the binding constants of an affinity interaction can be obtained from much simpler experiments using capillary electrophoresis. With the enumeration algorithm, all possible combinations of the binding constant and the complex mobility in certain ranges that could result in the experimental migration time of an injected analyte are extracted from a 3-D surface, which depicts the migration times resulting from different values of the binding constant and the mobility of the complex formed between the interacting pair, to form a 2-D curve. When the experimental conditions are changed, the analyte migration time will also change. A new 2-D curve can be constructed from another 3-D surface on the basis of the pairs of binding constants and complex mobility values that could result in the new migration time. Because the true binding constant and complex mobility values have to be the same for both experimental ...

A simple, sensitive and environmentally friendly capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of free sulfate anions in heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin with indirect UV detection is reported. The background electrolyte consists of 20 mM nitrate (pH 5.5) containing 0.2 mM CTAB. The use of nitrate as the probe anion is based on the consideration that nitrate has a very close electrophoretic mobility to that of sulfate, leading to a very narrow peak shape. Moreover, the apparent molar absorptivity of nitrate at 202 nm (8413 L mol(-1) cm(-1)) is much higher than that of the commonly used probe anion chromate at 254 nm (2400 L mol(-1) cm(-1)). The combination of the narrow peak shape with the high apparent molar absorptivity of the probe ion improved the limit of detection by 2.4 times and the limit of quantitation by 3.2 times. The effect of various CE parameters on the separation of sulfate from chloride was investigated and optimized. The method displays linearity in the range ...

This tutorial review describes the state of the art in the application of nanoparticles or nanostructured materials to enantioseparation and the possibilities for this kind of materials, previously modified to include conventional chiral selectors, or the use as chiralSelectors of those intrinsically chiral are considered. The pharmacological implications of chirality in drugs and the strict legislation in this regard have led to the development of efficient enantioselective technologies to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds and to analyze their quality. However, although the most popular technique for enantioselective analysis is HPLC, the advent of nanotechnologies opens up great possibilities regarding the development of high throughput methods and processes. This tutorial review describes the state of the art in the application of nanoparticles or nanostructured materials to enantioseparation. The possibilities for this kind of materials, previously modified to include conventional chiral

Renal function can be monitored by estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), for example, through measurement of the plasma clearance of a marker that is freely filtrated through the kidney without reabsorption. It has been proposed that iohexol is the most accurate marker for GFR determination in cats and dogs. However, there is a need for a validated capillary electrophoretic method that covers the concentration range for a full curve clearance estimate of iohexol. In the final method, the plasma samples were protein precipitated and the supernatant was analyzed in a background electrolyte containing borate buffer (0.06 m, pH 10.0). The method developed was proved to be linear (concentration range 18- 2900 mg/L) and had a good precision (e.g. 2.3-2.9% at 88 mg/L) and accuracy (e.g. 101-105% at 88 mg/L). Finally, the method was compared with a previously published and validated HPLC-UV method by parallel analysis of clinical plasma samples from dogs and cats administered Omnipaque®. ...

This article looks at the use of electromigration techniques to determine microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria and other biologically important macromolecules (erythrocytes), in medical analyses. It was found that electromigration techniques could be used for the identification of several viruses, including the identification of a specific marker for the Hepatitis C virus infection and another for a urinary tract infection. The determination of cell viability and the quality control of probiotics and consumer products that contain active bacteria is also possible using electromigration. Special attention is paid to the modification of capillary wall surfaces using different monomers and the application of monolithic columns to determine active bacteria in pharmaceutical products using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) conditions. This approach represents a new frontier for separation science and the possibility to apply it in medical diagnosis.

90448 avhandlingar från svenska högskolor och universitet. Avhandling: Modeling adsorption of organic compounds on activated carbon a multivariate approach.

英文名:Benzoin提煉法:蒸餾/溶劑提煉法 提煉部分:膠主要功能:穩定情緒香水調方穩定劑高血壓潤肺止咳抗、抗氧化、安撫、醒腦、去痰、平衡血糖乾裂、皮膚、止癢。 香精油名稱 安息香 Benzoin 拉丁名 Styrax Benzoin 原產地 泰國 蘇門答臘 爪哇 氣味 甜 藥 味如 香 草...

Development of offset side walls-Shenzhen Sing Fung Intelligent Manufacturing Co., Ltd. -The process with gate size below 1.0 PM is called sub-micron process. And below 0.25 PM, we call it deep submicron process. In the submicron and deep submicron age, with the decrease of gate length/Channel length, the main technical problem we faced was not only Punch Through, but also the hot carrier effect caused by Channel Electric Field. The main reason was that the width of the depletion zone extended to enter the channel, resulting in the narrowing of the effective channel length, so the equivalent electric field added on the channel increased (Vd/Leff), which gave rise to the occurrence of Electron hole Pair in the channel, and thus formed Hot carrier Injection (HCE or HCI). The effective length of channel can only be improved by reducing the width of depletion zone. On the one hand, the width extension of depletion zone can be inhibited by increasing the concentration of channel area, NAPTimplant or

A method for isotachophoretic determination of potassium and ammonium cations in fertilizers and silage was developed. A capillary of 0.4 mm i.d. and 100 mm effective length made of fluorinated...

This work analyzed the decrease of sulfite production in a sulfate rich synthetic effluent. A mixed culture was used, isolated from the water used in petroleum production in Carmópolis, Sergipe State, Brazil, enriched with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Initially, the microbial culture was acclimated to rising concentrations of Carbon, (0.1 - 5.0 g/L), and growth could be observed in all tested concentrations. A Central Composite Design was used to study the influence of the concentrations of sulfate, carbon and nitrate on the decrease of sulfite production in anaerobic condition. The response parameters evaluated were the sulfite production, the growth of anaerobic and sulfate reducing bacteria and the consumption of sulfate and nitrate. The minimization points for the sulfite production were obtained with the process optimization using the response surface methodology. The results from the optimization for minimization of sulfite production showed that the point of SO42-: C: NO3- de 3,6: 1: ...

The CHP 100 kWe tubular SOFC plant built by Siemens is operating at the Gas Turbine Technologies (GTT) in Turin. The generator started up on the June 2005 and produces electric and thermal power used in the factory. A first period of the activity was needed to lead the operation of the SOFC plant at the nominal condition and to reach the complete conditioning of the SOFC tubular fuel cells. Then, in order to characterize the operation of the generator and of the cogenerative system a first experimental campaign was designed by using the factorial analysis. With these methods, the effect of some independent variables (factors) on the plant operation is analyzed in form of screening tests: the analysis allows one to estimate the significance of the main and combined effects of each considered factor through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the experimental data. Moreover, the test plan has been designed by using a simple 2k factorial and a 2k factorial with spherical central composite design ...

Benzoin resinoid creates a thin protective film on skin and hair, preventing it from losing moisture and giving hair a healthy sheen.

FS3607530D5 Electrospray: Distal coated Fused-silica PicoTips, Tube OD (um)=360, Tube ID (um)=75, Nominal Tip ID (um)=30+-2.0, Flow Range (nL/min)=300-1000, pkg of= ...