A novel gene participating in the polymerization of chondroitin chain is found out. A gene product thereof, which forms a complex with chondroitin synthase |i|in vivo|/i| and thus promotes polymerization of chondroitin, is named chondroitin polymerization factor (ChPF). This chondroitin polymerization factor is usable in artificially synthesizing sugar chain skeletons of sulfated glycosaminoglycans having useful physiological activities such as chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which makes it industrially useful.
The bacteria Escherichia coli K4 produces a capsular polysaccharide (K4 CPS) whose backbone is similar to the non sulphated chondroitin chain. The chondroitin sulphate is one of the major components of the extra-cellular matrix of the vertebrate connective tissues and a high value molecule, widely employed as active principle in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It is usually obtained by extraction from animal tissues, but the risk of virus contaminations, as well as the scarceness of raw material, makes this productive process unsafe and unable to satisfy the growing market demand. In previous studies a new biotechnological process to produce chondroitin from Escherichia coli K4 capsular polysaccharide was investigated and a 1.4 g·L-1 K4 CPS concentration was reached using fed-batch fermentation techniques. In this work, on the trail of these results, we exploited new fermentation strategies to further improve the capsular polysaccharide production. The inhibitory effect of acetate on the bacterial
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Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. Chondroitin sulfate is an important structural component of cartilage and provides much of its resistance to compression. Along with glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate has become a widely used dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis. Although chondroitin is used in dietary supplements as an alternative medicine to treat osteoarthritis and also approved and regulated as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for this disease (SYSADOA) in Europe and some other countries, it is technically neither a medicine nor a disease-modifying treatment. See Clinical effects below. It is commonly sold together with glucosamine. Chondroitin and glucosamine are also used in ...
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The improtant components of extracellular matrix(ECM) are collagen and chondroitin sulfate. The hydrophobic surface of collagen is one of the determining factors of diameter of collagen fiber and also is closely related to the aging phenomena. The controlling mechanism of the diameter of collagen fiber influenced by the interaction with chondroitin sulfate was evaluated using bis-ANS as a hydrophobic probe. Hydrophobic surface area of collagen molecule shielded by chondroitin sulfate was evaluated. Relative fluorescence intensity of collagen in thepresence of chondroitin sulfate was measured using bis-ANS as a hydrophobic probe. The fluorescence intensity decreased with the increase in chondroitin sulfate up to 3.8 chondroitin sulfate/collagen(mole/mole). Further increase in the ratio of chondroitin sulfate to collagen did not change the fluorescence intensity. Similar changes in the relative fluorescence intensity were observed
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Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate ...
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Previous studies have indicated that CD44 isoforms, spliced with variant exons, are heterogeneously glycanated with chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate chains. Because such alternative splicing may regulate divergent biological effects of the specific isoforms, we analysed the consequences of this process on the composition and structure of the chondroitin-sulphate chains. Recombinant chimaeras were engineered with and without exons V3-10 or V3,8-10 and expressed as Ig fusion proteins in COS cells. In addition, the chondroitin sulphates of wild-type isoforms were contrasted with those of isoforms mutated with serine-to-alanine codon substitutions at a putative Ser-Gly-Ser-Gly glycosaminoglycan acceptor site within exon V3. The chondroitin sulphates contained both 4- and 6-sulphated galactosamine residues, although there was a high content of non-sulphated galactosamine-containing repeat units. Splicing of exons V4-7, which contain no Ser-Gly consensus motifs, resulted in increased ...
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1. A process for the preparation of a chondroitin sulphate sodium salt in which all N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) units in a polysaccharide chain are monosulphated randomly, at the 4-position, or at the 6-position, the process comprising: a) transforming a chondroitin sodium salt into its free acid or a salt thereof with a quaternary ammonium cation selected from the group consisting of tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium, into a pyridinium salt, or into a methyl ester; b) reacting the compound obtained in step a) with an orthoester of formula RC(OR1)3, wherein R is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R1 is selected from methyl or ethyl, in the presence of acid catalysis, to give a compound in which a repeating disaccharide unit present in chondroitin has the formula I ##STR00010## wherein R and R1 are as defined above; c) protecting the hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions of the glucuronic acid units of the compound obtained step b) by ...
Chondroitin Sulfate Chondroitin is most often used to treat joint issues and pain. Chondroitin sulfate promotes healthy development and maintenance for the cartilage and tissue that align along the joints. In addition to improved mobility, chondroitin can also provide protection for the stomach, eyes, and bladder. Dogs
Glucosamine and chondroitin have been the stepchildren of modern medicine for many years. While their use has skyrocketed due to a mass of supplements on the market, the average family doctor was much more likely to prescribe pharmaceutical concoctions such as Celebrex. In a study presented in November 2015 at a meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, chondroitin dramatically beat Celebrex in a head-to-head trial.. Chondroitin is a component of cartilage. The theory for taking it always has been simple-to provide the body with the building blocks of cartilage, and, just maybe, this would preserve or build cartilage. While the reality of how chondroitin works is a lot more complex, small studies using MRI have shown that chondoitin preserves cartilage. When given along with its cousin glucosamine, chondroitin is a potent anti-inflammatory. The two together even have been shown to lower cardiac risk factors.. The study presented to the American College of Rheumatology specifically looks ...
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Supports healthy cartilage and joints Chondroitin sulfate is one of the most vital of the compounds in connective tissue which are responsible for building and supporting the ground substance of cartilage. As a nutritional supplement, this naturally occurring compound provides support for strong, healthy cartilage and joints. each vegetable capsule contains: chondroitin sulfate (bovine) 400 mg. (from 444 mg. of chondroitin sulfate (bovine)) vitamin C (as ascorbyl palmitate) 5 mg. (hypo-allergenic plant fiber added to complete capsule volume requirement) Directions: 3-12 capsules per day, in divided doses, with meals.
THE RECIPE OF THE PRODUCT HAS NOT CHANGED IN ANY WAY BREAKTHROUGH VITAMIN D CHONDROITIN SULPHATE KK BREAKTHROUGH VITAMIN D KK CHONDROITIN SULPHATE 5
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2) 3-phospho-5-adenylyl sulfate + [chondroitin]-4-O-sulfo-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3,5-bisphosphate + [chondroitin]-4,6-di-O-sulfo-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Glossary: 3-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = PAPS. Other name(s): GalNAc4S-6ST; CHST15 (gene name). Systematic name: 3-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[dermatan]-4-O-sulfo-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase. Comments: The enzyme is activated by divalent cations and reduced glutathione. The enzyme from human transfers sulfate to position 6 of both internal residues and non-reducing terminal GalNAc 4-sulfate residues of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Oligosaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate also serve as acceptors but chondroitin sulfate E, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate do not. Differs from EC 2.8.2.17, chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase, in being able to use both chondroitin and dermatan as effective substrates. Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, CAS registry number: ...
We are attempting to develop methods for the sequencing of glycosaminoglycans from their reducing end. Here we describe a procedure for the analysis of dermatan sulphate from pig skin. The glycosaminoglycan is released from its parent proteoglycan by exhaustive proteolysis by using both endo- and exo-peptidases. The amino group of the residual serine residue is conjugated with a p-hydroxyphenyl group, which in turn is iodinated with 125I (the Bolton-Hunter reagent, BHR). The ion-exchange-purified end-labelled dermatan sulphate is then degraded partially or completely by various enzymic or chemical means to yield fragments extending from the labelled serine residue to the point of cleavage. The various products are separated by gradient PAGE, detected by autoradiography and quantified by videodensitometry. Complete digestion with chondroitin ABC lyase affords the labelled fragment delta HexA-GalNAc(-SO4)-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-Ser(-BHR). The structure was confirmed by sequential degradation from the ...
Today, chondroitin, especially when taken with glucosamine, is a popular alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Chondroitin combined with glucosamine helps lower symptoms associated with loss of collagen and cartilage, which are found in tendons, joints, ligaments, skin and the digestive tract. These conditions can include tendonitis, bursitis and other inflammation. In healthy people, when cartilage becomes damaged due to overuse, injury or inflammation, new cartilage is normally produced to take its place. Unfortunately, as we get older our ability to regenerate lost cartilage and repair damaged connective tissue becomes less efficient. Glucosamine and chondroitin stimulate the production of new cartilage and can also help reduce inflammation in the process. When taken together their benefits include reduced joint pain and improvement in functionality for patients with arthritis. Chondroitin and glucosamine are both considered to be very safe and effective. ...
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Posted on Apr 7, 2015. To: Dr. Caesar DePaço, Summit Nutritionals International ®. Re: Droi-Kon ®. ________________. Dr. DePaço,. On behalf of myself and my K9 partner Uno, I would like to thank you for your assistance and guidance with your Droi-Kon ® Chondroitin.. This winter I noticed my K9 partner laying around a lot more and not being active, I figured it was just the winter blues. Then every day I noticed more signs, limping, frequent stretching, not wanting to go up or down the stairs in my house. I brought K9 Uno to the Vet, who stated he was very stiff and because of his age of 8, probably slightly arthritic. The Vet suggested a possible Chondroitin based product. Well, I knew exactly who to talk to about this.. In January, I contacted you and explained what was happening with K9 Uno, You said Dont worry Chris, I know exactly how to help Uno…well you did and I couldnt be more happy.. Due to your product, Droi-Kon ®, your instruction and help, by putting 1 tablespoon of ...
Chondroitin Sulfate plays a major role in the growth and repair of cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate consists of high viscosity mucopolysaccharides. These biological polymers act as the flexible connecting matrix between the tough protein filaments in cartilage to form a polymetric system similar to reinforced rubber. Cho
Each package contains 90 chondroitin capsules to support your daily diet. Our capsules contain 90 chondoitin sulphate which is naturally extracted from the purest bovine cartilage. Natural chondroitin With a chondroitin sulfate content of 90 From
Chondroitin sulfate is a class of glycosaminoglycans covalently linked to form proteoglycans on proteins. Chondroitin sulfate exists in all organisms from nematodes to humans except plants, and plays ...
Chondroitin Sulfate 600 mg - 120 Capsules- Supports Healthy Joint Function* Supports Elasticity of Joint Tissues* Chondroitin Sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan and is a normal component of many body tissues including articular cartilage.* Our Chondroiti
Chondroitin Sulfate is a naturally-occurring compound found in the cartilage, bone, skin, cornea, and arterial walls, as well as tissues throughout the body. It plays an important role in the health, function, and mobility of joints, as well as the comfort and elasticity of joint tissues.** It also works with hyaluronic acid to support the shock-absorbing properties of aggrecan.**. Piping Rocks Chondroitin Sulfate supplements deliver 600 mg of this joint-nourishing nutrient in each serving. Adults take one (1) quick release capsule two to three times daily with meals for optimal nutritional support. It is important to note that, like glucosamine, it may take several weeks of supplementation before any noticeable difference is seen.. ...
Global Bovine Chondroitin Sulfate Market Research Deep Analysis 2019-2023 : The Global Bovine Chondroitin Sulfate Market report 2019 deeply analyses significant…. Read More » ...
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Roo & Chondroitin Sprinkle No additives. No Fillers. No enhancers. No preservatives Made in Australia with 100% Aussie proteins Great for fussy pets Multiple health benefits Roo & Chondroitin sprinkle is a combination of chondroitin for the joints and low fat kangaroo meat. Great for those aching joints. This c
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Chondroitin Sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan and is a normal component of many body tissues including articular cartilage.* Our Chondroitin is high potency and is derived from bovine cartilage.
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Discover the benefits of pure grade Glucosamine and Chondroitin sulphate supplements from Natures Best UK, ideal for aiding treatment of osteoarthritis in the knee.
Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT.
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Comparative clinical and economic analysis of using SYSADOA drugs containing chondroitin sulphate or influencing its biosynthesis in the treatment of patients with stage II knee osteoarthritis
Liquid D-Flex gives your horse a chance to prevent and overcome DJD and arthritis. Chondroitin Sulphate is essential for horses that suffer from stiff joints, often older horses. It is the best quality raw material available on the market as it is human grade.
Clean Chondroitin Sulphate 1,500mg per serving in Vegetarian capsules Please note we can not write what this product does or even what it may do due to UK law so please do your own research on google so you know what your looking for. We sell