TY - JOUR. T1 - Condensed complexes in vesicles containing cholesterol and phospholipids. AU - Radhakrishnan, Arun. AU - McConnell, Harden. PY - 2005/9/6. Y1 - 2005/9/6. N2 - Animal cell membranes pose conceptual problems related to the physical chemistry of liquids. An avenue to the solution of some of these problems has been opened by the discovery of liquid-liquid immiscibility in synthetic membranes composed of cholesterol and phospholipids. This discovery has led to the development of a thermodynamic model involving condensed complexes. In this model, the phospholipids with longer fatty-acid chains react reversibly with cholesterol to form complexes. The complexes themselves can have a repulsive interaction with other phospholipids, leading to immiscibility. A striking example of this effect is revealed in the phase diagrams of ternary mixtures of cholesterol, a saturated phosphatidylcholine (or sphingomyelin), and an unsaturated phosphatidylcholine. As found by a number of investigators, ...

25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 (25-OH-VitD) are steroid hormones that require 1-alpha-hydroxylation before expressing biological activity. Vitamin D compounds are derived from dietary ergocalciferol (from plants, VitD2) or cholecalciferol (from animals, VitD3), or by conversion of 7-dihydrocholesterol to VitD3 in the skin upon ultraviolet exposure. VitD2 and VitD3 are subsequently 25-hydroxylated in the liver to 25-OH-VitD. 25-OH-VitD represents the main body reservoir and transport form of vitamin D, being stored in adipose tissue and tightly bound by a transport protein while in circulation. A fraction of circulating 25-OH-VitD is converted to its active metabolites 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 (1,25-OH-VitD), mainly by the kidneys. This process is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases 1,25-OH-VitD synthesis at the expense of the alternative, biologically inactive hydroxylation product 24,25-OH-VitD. Like other steroid hormones, 1,25-OH-VitD binds to a nuclear receptor, ...

In this study, the capacity of oysters to bioaccumulate fecal stanols and to record a source-specific fingerprint was investigated by the short-term contamination of seawater microcosms containing oysters with a human effluent. Contaminated oysters bioaccumulated the typical fecal stanols coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol and their bioaccumulation kinetics were similar to that of the Fecal Indicator Bacteria Escherichia coli used in European legislation. Although stanol fingerprints of contaminated water allowed the identification of the human specific fingerprint, this was not the case for oysters. This discrepancy is attributed to (i) high concentrations of endogenous cholestanol and sitostanol, responsible for unbalanced stanol fingerprints, (ii) different accumulation/depuration kinetics of fecal coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol and (iii) the limits of the analytical pathway used. These results show that fecal stanols bioaccumulated by oysters are useful to record fecal

Results: Sugar-cholestanols mainly consisting of GlcNAc or GlcNAc-Gal attached to cholestanol showed strong activities of cell proliferation inhibition against various cancer cells but cholestanol without sugar-moieties did not show any activity. When sugar-cholestanols were added into the culture medium of cancer cells, they were incorporated into the cells through the lipid rafts/microdomains on their cell surface in a short period of time and then into the mitochondria followed by release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which resulted in the induction of apoptosis by the activation of mitocondria-dependent intrinsic pathways and the caspase-cascade. Further, in vivo experiments in the mouse model for the peritoneal dissemination using colon26 cancer cells showed that tumor growth was significantly reduced and the survival rates of mice were markedly enhanced by administration of sugar-cholestanols ...

The flights were fine. (If you dont count the flight from Boston to Las Vegas, which included an extra hour on the trip due to a strong headwind, expired food, not enough meals for passengers, no movie, and no working radios. US Airways, you sucked it up on that one.) Lovenox was a success. And now I feel like Ive managed to fit in a workout, even at 35,000 feet. But Im curious to know if anyone else has ever taken Lovenox, or another kind of anti-coagulant. And if anyone has ANY tips at all on dealing with this frigging itchy rash. Its starting to go away, and I know its just part of the side-effect fun, but its making me scratchy-crazy. Its all new to me, and Id appreciate any feedback from someone whos been there. (And if you have airplane exercise tips, share those, too. Im heading to Florida in two weeks and am wondering how Im going to embarrass myself on that plane, too!). ...

0088] Colon26 cells (derived from mouse colon cancer) were inoculated to a 96-well plate (1×104 cells/50 μL, 10% FCS-RPMI medium/well), and incubated at 37° C. for 16 hours. To each well, well-known anti-cancers agent (Oxaliplatin (abbreviated as L-OHP), Fluorouracil (5-FU), Paclitaxel (TXL; abbreviated as PTX), Docetaxel (TXT; abbreviated as DTX), Irinotecan (CPT-11; abbreviated as CPT), or Cyclophosphamide (abbreviated as CPA) and/or a cyclodextrin inclusion compound (abbreviated as GC-CD) of a cholestanol derivative in which G in formula (1) is GlcNAcβ- (abbreviated as GC) was added (multi-fold dilution by FCS(-)-medium: final concentration: ≦500 μM, 50 μL), followed by incubation at 37° C. for two days. GC-CD was prepared in accordance with a method disclosed in Example 1(2) in WO 2007/026869. Specifically, a 40% aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was prepared, and GC was added to the solution, followed by mixing with stirring (80° C. for 30 minutes), ...

Medical definition of coprostanol: a crystalline sterol C27H47OH formed by bacterial reduction of cholesterol in the intestines and present in feces.

Encyclopedia article on this inherited disorder associated with the deposition of a form of cholesterol (cholestanol) in the brain and other tissues. ...

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Seven patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) were studied by electrophysiological techniques. The percentages of abnormalities detected in nerve conduction studies and electroencephalograms were 28.6% (two patients) and 100%, respectively. All patients showed prolonged central conduction times in short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) by tibial nerve stimulation but normal SSEPs by median nerve stimulation. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials were abnormal in three (42.9%) and four patients (57.1%), respectively. These electrophysiological parameters were correlated with the ratio of serum cholestanol to cholesterol concentration. The results of SSEPs suggest that the polyneuropathy in CTX is caused by distal axonopathy affecting longer axons before shorter axons (central-peripheral distal axonopathy).. ...

The cholestanol content of a cataractous lens nucleus from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and found to be 0.27 micrograms per mg freeze-dried lens tissue. The cholestanol-cholesterol ratio of 1.7% in the lens nucleus was similar to that in the serum of the CTX patient. The cholestanol content and cholestanol-cholesterol ratio in the CTX lens were approximately four-fold and six-fold greater respectively than the mean levels found in three senile cataractous lens nuclei analysed simultaneously for comparative purposes. ...

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare, disabling genetic disorder in which cholestanol and cholesterol accumulate in the nervous system and other tissues. It has an autosomal recessive mode...

Get natural cures for Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis that can make a difference in your life or the life of someone you love with alternative treatments.

Looking for normal cholesteremic xanthomatosis? Find out information about normal cholesteremic xanthomatosis. A childhood syndrome characterized by exopthalmos, diabetes insipidus, and softened or punched-out areas in the bones Explanation of normal cholesteremic xanthomatosis

27-Hydroxylase deficiency (cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX)) is a rare familial sterol storage disease with accumulation of cholestanol and cholesterol in most tissues, and in particular in xanthomas, bile, and brain. Clinically, this disorder is characterized by dementia, spinal cord paresis, cerebellar ataxia, tuberous and tendon xanthomas, early atherosclerosis, and cataracts.. More than 20 different mutations have been defined in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene of CTX patients. The defect leads to a block in bile acid biosynthesis, with accumulation of substrates for the mitochondrial 27-hydroxylase such as 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholestene-3-one. The former metabolite is metabolized into 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,25-tetrol, 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,23-tetrol, and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25-pentol.. These bile alcohols are excreted in gram amounts in bile and feces. At least part of the excess cholestanol in patients with CTX is formed from the ...

Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis (or cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, with one fewer e, or Van Bogaert-Scherer-Epstein syndrome, or cerebrotendinous cholesterosis) is a form of xanthomatosis associated with the CYP27A1 gene on chromosome 2. An inherited disorder associated with the deposition of a form of cholesterol in the brain and other tissues and with elevated levels of cholesterol in plasma but with normal total cholesterol level; it is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia beginning after puberty and by juvenile cataracts, and tendineous or tuberous xanthomas. ...

Lipid tracers including fatty acids, hydroxyacids, n-alkanols, sterols and triterpenoids were used to determine the origin and fate of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) collected in the Rhône River (France). This seasonal survey (April 2011 to May 2013) revealed a year-round strong terrestrial higher-plant contribution to the particulate organic matter (POM), with significant algal inputs observed in March and attributed to phytoplanktonic blooms likely dominated by diatoms. Major terrigenous contributors to our samples are gymnosperms, and more precisely their roots and stems, as evidenced by the presence of high proportions of ω-hydroxydocosanoic acid (a suberin biomarker). The high amounts of coprostanol detected clearly show that the Rhône River is significantly affected by sewage waters. Specific sterol degradation products were quantified and used to assess the part of biotic and abiotic degradation of POM within the river. Higher-plant-derived organic matter appears to be mainly

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The critical points are x=-2 and x=1. You evaluate the first derivative and find its zeroes: y=2*3x^2+3*2x-12*1+0=6x^2+6x-12 y=6x^2+6x-12 And now we can use the quadratic formula Delta=6^2-4*6*(-12)=324 sqrt(Delta)=18 x_1=(-6-18)/(2*6)=(-24)/12=-2 x_2=(-6+18)/(2*6)=12/12=1

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Medical definition of zymosterol: a crystalline unsaturated sterol C27H43OH occurring with ergosterol in yeast fat, resembling ergosterol chemically, and yielding cholestanol on hydrogenation.

Eruptive xanthomatosis is a skin condition that causes small yellow-red bumps to appear on the body. It can occur in people who have very high blood fats (lipids). These patients also frequently have diabetes.

d) Plot a bifurcation diagram - this is a plot of the location of the critical points as a function of alpha (plot a graph alpha as x axis and y axis showing the location of the critical point ...

A three-parameter generalized equation is proposed for surface tension from the triple point to the critical point. This equation not only fits the data well but also is good for interpolation...

Would beta sitosterols ability to inhibit DHT from binding to cytosolic androgen receptors be usefull as soon as post cycle therapy begins?

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Cholesterol metabolism may be involved in pediatric gallstone disease. We aimed to reveal cholesterol metabolites and phytosterols and their relation to stone composition of sterols in children having black pigment and cholesterol stones. We performed retrospective controlled clinical study, in which we examined parameters of cholesterol metabolism and liver function values in serum (n = 28) and gallstones (n = 46) of consecutively cholecystectomized children. Serum values of age-, body mass index- and sex-matched children (n = 82) and adult gallstones (n = 187) served as controls. Surrogate markers of cholesterol synthesis in serum (squalene/cholesterol, cholestenol/cholesterol and lathosterol/cholesterol) were 26-52 % higher in both stone subclasses compared to controls (p | 0.05 for all). Respectively, cholestanol/cholesterol and plant sterols campesterol/cholesterol and sitosterol/cholesterol (cholesterol absorption markers) had decreasing order in serum: black pigment stone group | controls |

Define Critical point drying. Critical point drying synonyms, Critical point drying pronunciation, Critical point drying translation, English dictionary definition of Critical point drying. adj. 1. Judging severely and finding fault: a writer who is very critical of the governments foreign policy. 2. a. Relating to or characterized by...

Sitosterolemia, also known as phytosterolemia, is a rare inherited plant sterol storage disease. Bhattacharyya and Connor first described this disease in 1974.{ref1}{ref2} The original report detailed... more

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INGREDIENTS Each softgel contains: Free plant sterols (non‑GMO, from soy) 350 mg β‑Sitosterols 151.2 mg Stigmasterols 84.4 mg Campes

Cholesterol is an essential component of both the peripheral and central nervous systems of mammals. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that disturbances in cholesterol metabolism are associated with the development of various neurological conditions. In addition to genetically defined defects in cholesterol synthesis, which will be covered in another review in this Thematic Series, defects in cholesterol metabolism (cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis) and intracellular transport (Niemann Pick Syndrome) lead to neurological disease. A subform of hereditary spastic paresis (type SPG5) and Huntingtons disease are neurological diseases with mutations in genes that are of importance for cholesterol metabolism. Neurodegeneration is generally associated with disturbances in cholesterol metabolism, and presence of the E4 isoform of the cholesterol transporter apolipoprotein E as well as hypercholesterolemia are important risk factors for development of Alzheimers disease. In the present review, we

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experts believe that the increased frequency of prostate cancer is definitely related to greater incidence of BPH.. By the age 50, nearly half of all men already have BPH. And by the age of 80, almost all men have it. As more ...

This chapter describes the use of callbacks in XML Export. Callbacks allow the developer to intervene at critical points in the export process. Each heading in this chapter is a possible value for the dwCommandOrInfoId parameter passed to the developers callback.

In the field of neurodegeneration, research on oligomeric Abeta and glutamate toxicity, as well as Pin1 isomerase activity are coupled with experimental therapeutic attempts in fibroblasts from Alzheimers disease patients and neuroblastoma cells. Voltage-gated currents and postsynaptic potentials, functional alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are also investigated. The role of Parkinsons disease-related toxins, genetic alterations and neuroprotective agents on lysosomal catabolic pathways for alpha-synuclein are also investigated, as well as cholinergic and hypocretinergic regulation of synaptic circuits in the prefrontal cortex. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and Spastic paraplegia type 5 are used as models of neurodegeneration due to defective cholesterol metabolism. Metalloprotease ADAM10 is investigated as a new potential target in the Huntingtons disease brain. Prion Protein (PrPc) folding in neuronal membranes and lipid rafts constituents are also established research topics, ...

Dynamical fluctuations in globally conserved quantities such as baryon number, strangeness, charge, and isospin are suggested to carry information about the de-confinement and chiral phase transitions. An observation of enhanced dynamical fluctuations or non-monotonic behavior of transverse momentum correlations as a function of colliding energy might indicate the system has probed the predicted QCD critical point. The STAR experiment has performed a comprehensive study of the energy and charge dependence of dynamical particle ratio ($K/\pi$, $p/\pi$, and $K/p$) fluctuations, net-charge fluctuations, and transverse momentum correlations in the STAR TPC at mid-rapidity, as well as neutral-charge pion fluctuations at forward rapidity. The charge dependence of particle ratio fluctuations exhibit differences between same and opposite sign dynamical particle ratio fluctuations compared to inclusive charged dynamical fluctuations. Neutral-charge pion fluctuations at forward rapidity are measured by ...

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Journal.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

Dr. Samantha Morris three December 2018 Publications Evaluation of Wu et al.: Comprehending Global and Local Structure of Single-Cell Datasets. Kong W, Morris SA. Cell… ...

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Fecal sample extraction (using 100% ethanol) and radioimmunoassay procedures were validated to permit accurate noninvasive assessments of fecal steroid metabolites in captive golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and peregrine falcons (Falcoperegrinus). Furthermore, laboratory validations illustrated that serial dilutions of fecal extracts yielded displacement curves parallel to those of standard preparations for all assays. Recovery of known concentrations of unlabeled steroids in males and females for both species ranged from 97.3 9.8% (y = 1.03x - 0.63, R2= 0.98) to 119.4 5.3% (y = 1.04x + 4.11, R2 = 1.00). Additionally, in the golden eagles, HPLC analyses of fecal B in males and females illustrated that 2.7% and 2.5%, respectively, coeluted with [3HJB; however, a total of 7.5% and 11 .9% of total immunoreactivity coeluted with the reference tracer in the peregrine falcon males and females, respectively. Chromatographic profiles of E metabolites in golden eagle and peregrine falcon females ...

Lane and coworkers go on to show that the electron density in the three diols is really topologically identical, just differing in a matter of degree. They conclude that the existence of a bond critical point should not be the sole arbiter of bonding, but one of the criteria that can be utilized to assess bonding.. While I am not at all in conflict with this conclusion, the paper contains some issues that need be addressed. First off, bonding is not a concept of either-or, rather there is a continuum of bonding. Hydrogen bonding should not at all be confused with covalent or ionic bonding - it is dramatically weaker and so one might consider whether the bcp criteria is applicable at all. The authors really fall into this trap stating … the absence of a BCP should not necessarily be considered evidence as to the absence of a chemical bond (emphasis mine). Do we want to consider a hydrogen bond as a chemical bond?. I think the key element overlooked in this study is the strength of the ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Fecal Steroid Profile of Female Javan Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) Maintained in Pairing-Typed Cage. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Plant sterols appear to be beneficial for lowering cholesterol and reducing the risk of heart disease. This eMedTV segment discusses other potential benefits of plant sterols and explains how the natural compounds work for reducing cholesterol levels.

Campesterol is a phytochemincal in the class of Phytosterols, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in banana, pomegranate, pepper, coffee, grapefruit, cucumber, onion, oat, potato, etc. Health benefits 1. Cardiovascular diseases In the review of the studies published between January 1950 and April 2010 that reported either risk ratios (RR) of CVD in …. ...

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Scanning electron microscope for the visualisation of biological and material samples. Sample preparation is also available (critical point dryer and gold-coater ...

1] N.A Campo, Sur la monodromie des singularités isolées dhypersurfaces complexes (Invent. Math., vol. 20, 1973, p. 147-169). , MR 49 #3201 , Zbl 0264.14002 [2] V. I. ArnolD, Normal forms for functions near degenerate critical points (Funct. Anal. and appl., 6-4, 1972, p. 254-272). , Zbl 0278.57011 [3] V. I. ArnolD, Remarques sur la méthode de la phase stationnaire [Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 28-5, 1973, p. 17-45, (en russe)]. , MR 53 #1635 , Zbl 0285.40002 [4] M. F. Atiyah, Resolution of singularities and division of distributions (Comm. pure and appl. Math., vol. 23, 1970, p. 145-150). , MR 41 #815 , Zbl 0188.19405 [5] I. N. Bernstein et S. I. Gelfand, Meromorphic property of the function Pλ, (Funct. Anal. and appl., 3-1, 1969, p. 84-85). , MR 40 #723 , Zbl 0208.15201 [6] E. Brieskorn, Die Monodromie der isolierten Singularitäten von Hyperflächen (Manuscripta Math., vol. 2, 1970, p. 103-161). , MR 42 #2509 , Zbl 0186.26101 [7] P. Deligne, Equations différentielles à points singuliers ...

Das ABCG5-Gen befindet sich in einer Kopf-an-Kopf-Position zum ABCG8-Gen. Beide nutzen offensichtlich den selben Promotor und kodieren Transportproteine mit ähnlicher Funktion. Sie sind für die Exkretion von pflanzlichen Sterolen sowohl in die Gallenflüssigkeit wie auch in den Darm verantwortlich. Mutationen können zu den autosomal rezessiven Erkrankungen Sitosterolämia und Mediterrane Makrothrombozytopenie führen.. ...

Salam semua.....menurut pakar kesihatan dari Filipina Herminia de Guzman, kangkung dianggap sebagai penghilang racun dari tubuh. Kangkung juga kaya dengan vitamin A, B1, C, protein, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi, karoten, sitosterol dan hentriakontan. Lepas ni kena la makan kangkung banyak-banyak. Lagipun harga seikat kangkung tak la mahal dan senang untuk didapati. Kalau rajin dan ada masa, ada ruang boleh la tanam sendiri kangkung ni. Lagi pun nak tanam kangkung bukannya susahkan. Lepas ni melor nak tanam kangkung banyak-banyak kat belakang rumah. Boleh la dapat bekalan segar setiap hari ...