Chlorophenols are a group of chemicals in which chlorines (between one and five) have been added to phenol.� Phenol is an aromatic compound derived from benzene, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, by adding a hydroxy group to a carbon� to replace a hydrogen.� There are five basic types of chlorophenols:� mono[one]chlorophenols, di[two]chlorophenols, tri[three]chlorophenols, tetra[four]chlorophenols, and penta[five]chlorophenols.� In all, there are 19 different chlorophenols.� Eight are discussed in this document:� 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol.� Pentachlorophenol is discussed in another document.

Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecule Size = 0.124 Nanometers or 8.06451612903 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules = 1 Nanometer (1000 Nanometers = 1 Micron) (Oxygen = 0.0005 Micron in size) (Approximately 4 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.0005 microns). (Atmospheric Dust = 0.001-40 Microns in size) (Approx. 8 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.001 microns). (Viruses = 0.005 - 0.3 Microns in size) (Approximately 40 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.005 microns). (Tobacco Smoke = 0.01 - 4 Microns in size) (Approximately 80 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.01 microns). (Ozone = 0.1 - 0.2 Microns in size) (Approximately 800 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.1 microns). (Lead = 0.1-0.7 Microns in size) (Approximately 800 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.1 microns). (Bacteria = 0.3 - 60 Microns in size) (Approximately 2,400 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Molecules will fit inside 0.3 microns). (Insecticide Dusts = 0.5-10 Microns in ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a toxic contaminant frequently formed during the synthesis of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, was shown to be a potent inducer of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in the chick embryo. As little as 4.66 x 10-12 mole of the contaminant per egg produces a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme. Induction of the enzyme is related to the dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and, in contrast to that produced with other drugs, is prolonged in time, with 70 percent of the maximum induced activity present 5 days after a single dose. This contaminant is implicated as the likely causative agent in an outbreak of porphyria cutanea tarda in workers in a factory where 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid was being synthesized. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on the dissolution of human pulp tissue - an in vitro study. AU - Singh, Sandeep. AU - Sinha, Ramen. AU - Kar, S. K.. AU - Ather, Amber. AU - Limaye, S. N.. PY - 2012/1/1. Y1 - 2012/1/1. N2 - Background: Organic tissue dissolution is an important property of an irrigant which aids in the success of root canal treatment. Recent studies have advocated the use of Chlorine dioxide as an endodontic irrigant. The aim of this study is to compare the dissolution efficacy of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on human pulp tissue. Methods: In this study, 2% Sodium hypochlorite, 5% Chlorine dioxide and isotonic saline solution (control) were used. Thirty human pulp tissue specimens were exposed to three test solutions (n = 10) for 30 min following which the loss of weight was compared from the original weight by using a digital analytical balance. Results: Sodium hypochlorite was more efficient in dissolving human pulp tissue when ...

Vietnam and Agent Orange Facts. Demand for military Agent Orange resulted in higher levels of dioxin contamination than in the 2,4,5-T produced for civilian applications in the U.S. As noted in the above chart.. The U.S. Air Force military operation Ranch Hand began spraying Agent Orange on areas of South Vietnam in August 1965 (though it was used prior to this date).. The US Air Force Herb Tapes accounted for just over 8 million gallons of the herbicides used in South Vietnam.. 18 million gallons of Agent Orange were reported to have been used in South Vietnam.. Agent Orange caused Vietnamese farmers to lose about 70% of their crops. (One of the goals for using herbicides was to deprive the enemy of food).. 6,250+ square miles of South Vietnam can not be farmed because of defoliation. This is still true more than 30 years later.. A C-123 (Provider) could dump 11,000 lbs. of Agent Orange over 300 acres in four minutes.. Brief History of Agent Orange. In the early years of WWII, a grant was ...

Metabolic Response of Activated Sludge to Sodium Pentachlorophenol J. A. HEIDMAN, Graduate Assistant D. F. KINCANNON, Assistant Professor A. F. GAUDY, JR., Professor School of Civil Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma INTRODUCTION The many industrial uses for chlorinated hydrocarbons have resulted in an increasing demand for utilization of these materials, and as a result, the possibility of their occurrence in waste streams has increased. Sodium pentachlorophenol is a compound of particular interest, since it has such a wide range of industrial application. It has been successfully employed as an additive for the prevention of the swelling of wood, cork powder, and organic fiber, as a slime-preventing agent in paper making processes, as a biocide in cooling water systems, as a fungicide for textile, wood products, leather and asbestos fiber boards, and as a hide preservative, among other industrial applications. However, there is very little information available ...

Article Transcriptional profiling of the soil invertebrate (Folsomia candida) in pentachlorophenol contaminated soil. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a widely used pesticide is also considered to be an endocrine disruptor. Molecular effects of chemicals w...

Research Corridor has published a new research study titled "Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market - Growth, Share, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Forecast, 2017 - 2025". The Copper Azole Wood Preservatives market report studies current as well as future aspects of the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market based upon factors such as market dynamics, key ongoing trends and segmentation analysis. Apart from the above elements, the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market research report provides a 360-degree view of the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives industry with geographic segmentation, statistical forecast and the competitive landscape.. Browse the complete report at http://www.researchcorridor.com/copper-azole-wood-preservatives-market/. Geographically, the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market report comprises dedicated sections centering on the regional market revenue and trends. The Copper Azole Wood Preservatives market has been segmented on the basis of geographic regions into ...

Biological treatment of hypersaline wastewaters such as fermentation brine from table olive processing (FTOP), was carried out using four sequential biological reactors (SBRs). These wastewaters were characterized by conductivities higher than 90 mS·cm-1 together with COD and total phenols concentration values of more than 15 g·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1, respectively. In order to increase the organic removal efficiency and to reduce the hydraulic retention time (HRT), extra nutrients were added and pre-treatment by adsorption was performed. Results showed that the COD/N/P relationship, in the FTOP, of 250/5/1 was appropriate for the biological process reaching COD removal efficiencies of around 80%. The FTOP adsorption pre-treatment with powder activated carbon for the reduction of phenols concentration to 400 mg·L-1 led to a HRT reduction from 40 to 15 days, maintaining the COD and total phenols removal percentages around 78% and 97%, respectively. On the other hand, γ-Proteobacteria was the ...

Bench-scale Cryptosporidium inactivation, pilot-scale disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and bench-scale inorganic DBP control experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide in meeting the current and future enhanced surface water treatment and disinfectant/disinfection by-product rules. A new chlorine dioxide generation process in which dilute, humidified chlorine gas is in contact with solid sodium chlorite was employed for this study. Chlorine dioxide was found to be effective in achieving CT values (pH=8 and temperature=20°C) of approximately 50 and 100 mg · min/l for 1-log and 2-log Cryptosporidium inactivation, respectively. Chlorine dioxide did not form significant amounts of trihalomethanes or haloacetic acids. Water spiked with high bromide concentrations resulted in insignificant amounts of organic DBPs after reaction with chlorine dioxide. Reaction of chlorine dioxide with water constituents resulted in the formation of chlorite and chlorate ions. ...

Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus ATCC ® 700700D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus strain A6 TypeStrain=True Application:

2015 by the American Thoracic Society. Autopsy specimens from human victims or experimental animals that die due to acute chlorine gas exposure present features of cardiovascular pathology. We demonstrate acute chlorine inhalation-induced reduction in heart rate and oxygen saturation in rats. Chlorine inhalation elevated chlorine reactants, such as chlorotyrosine and chloramine, in blood plasma. Using heart tissue and primary cardiomyocytes, we demonstrated that acute highconcentration chlorine exposure in vivo (500 ppm for 30 min) caused decreased total ATP content and loss of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity. Loss of SERCA activity was attributed to chlorination of tyrosine residues and oxidation of an important cysteine residue, cysteine-674, in SERCA, as demonstrated by immunoblots and mass spectrometry. Using cardiomyocytes, we found that chlorine-induced cell death and damage to SERCA could be decreased by thiocyanate, an important biological antioxidant, and by ...

Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC ® 24725™ Designation: VKM F-1767 [CBS 481.73, CCRC 36200, IMI 174727, NRRL 6361, QM 9998] Application: Bacterial resistance testing adhesives Degrades 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene DDE Degrades 2,4,5-trichlorophenol Degrades 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-T Degrades 2,4,6-trichlorophenol Degrades 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene TNT Degrades 3,4-dichloroaniline Degrades Congo red Congo Red Degrades DDT Degrades acid yellow 9 Degrades aldrin Degrades amaranth Degrades atrazine Degrades azo dyes Degrades azure B Azure B Degrades benzene Degrades benzo(a)pyrene Degrades biphenyl Degrades chlordane Degrades creosote Degrades cyclonite RDX, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine Degrades dieldrin Degrades ethylbenzene Degrades fluorene Degrades heptachlor Degrades humic acid Degrades lignin Degrades lindane Degrades mirex Degrades o-chlorophenol Degrades olive-mill wastewater Degrades orange G Orange G Degrades orange II Orange II Degrades pentachlorophenol

for Prostate Cancer December 7 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America to Hold Agent Orange Town Hall November 5th at Penn State Beaver Campus November 4 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America Joins Over 200 Organizations in Urging Congress to Reject Changes to Medicare Part D Program November 3 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America Board of Directors Approves VetProWeb for VVA s Service Officer Program August 29 2011 Fred Elliott to Serve As National Vice President of Vietnam Veterans of America August 23 2011 Dr Wayne Reynolds to Serve As National Treasurer of Vietnam Veterans of America August 23 2011 John Rowan to Serve Fourth Term As National President of Vietnam Veterans of America August 22 2011 VVA Praises Historic Settlement For Veterans Discharged with PTSD August 3 2011 Philanthropist Kenneth Fisher to Receive Award at the Vietnam Veterans of America 15th National Convention August 10 2011 Union Leader Cecil Roberts to Receive Award at the Vietnam Veterans of America 15th National Convention August 8 ...

Biological degradation of phenol by Alcaligenes faecalis with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance was investigated at 25C. Phenol could be utilized by the bacteria as the sole carbon and energy sources. The cell growth and substrate degradation of phenol as single substrates for Alcaligenes faecalis in batch cultures (shaking flasks) were investigated at different initial phenol concentrations. Phenol was observed to be an inhibitory compound. Particularly, when free cells grew on a high concentration of phenol, substrate inhibition was observed and the higher the concentration of phenol, the longer was the lag period. The lag time and whole required time for phenol biodegradation was considerably decreased by immobilized cells due to improvement of cells resistance against high Phenol concentration by cell immobilization compared to free cells. Required time for completely degrade initial phenol of 700 and 1000 ppm by free and immobilized cells is 56, 101 and 35, 72 hours ...

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HCDD) is formed as a byproduct during the manufacture of certain chlorophenols and has been found in trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol and in the chlorophenol-derived herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). From 1967 to 1970, the concentration of HCDD in commercial pentachlorophenol ranged from 0.03 to 38 ppm. Since then, HCDD levels in pentachlorophenol have been reduced to less than 1 ppm.. A bioassay of a mixture of 1,2,3,6,7,8-and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HCDD) for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by dermal application of a suspension of this substance to Swiss-Webster mice.. HCDD (0.01 µg) suspended in 0.1 ml acetone was applied to the backs of 30 mice of each sex 3 days per week for 104 weeks. During the first 16 weeks, doses were 0.005 µg HCDD per application. An additional 30 mice of each sex were pretreated with one application of 50 µg DMBA in 0.1 ml ...

A Vietnam veteran in Michigan who has trouble walking because of his exposure to Agent Orange broke down in tears Friday when he was presented with an all-terrain wheelchair that will allow him to hunt and fish, two of his favorite hobbies. ...

Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are the main culprit of bad breath. In a recent CNN article, an author advocated?using mouthwash that contains chlorine dioxide to fight off stinky VSCs.

There's an air of torment about Cong Nguyen. The 16-year-old is among four siblings, two of whom suffer the same regular attacks of heat that mean they can never stray far from a water tank. To make matters worse, he has never been able to grow teeth or a full crop of hair; instead, clusters of wispy, thin strands sit above sunken eyes. "Some kids avoid me and laugh at me," he says from the home he shares with his brothers and parents in Bien Hoa, just outside Ho Chi Minh City ...

Drinking water disinfection byproducts suggests a possible connection to adverse health effects, including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, a new study has warned.. University of Illinois scientists report the first identification of a cellular mechanism linked to the toxicity of a major class of drinking water disinfection byproducts.. "I'm not implying that drinking disinfected water will give you Alzheimer's," said Michael Plewa, lead scientist and professor of genetics in the U of I Department of Crop Sciences.. "Certainly, the disinfection of drinking water was one of the most significant public health achievements of the 20th century. But the adverse effects of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that are unintentionally formed during this process are causing concerns as researchers unveil their toxicity.". More than 600 DBPs have been discovered. Although researchers know some DBPs are toxic, little biological information is available on the majority of these water contaminants. The ...

The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (DBPR) reduces drinking water exposure to disinfection byproducts. The Rule applies to community water systems and non-transient non-community systems, including those serving fewer than 10,000 people that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment process.. The Stage 2 DBPR strengthens public health protection by tightening compliance monitoring requirements for Trihalomethanes (TTHM) and Haloacetic acids (HAA5). The rule targets public water systems (PWSs) with the greatest risk.. Taken together, the Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (DBPRs) improve drinking water quality. The rules do this by providing protection from disinfection byproducts. Byproducts, if consumed in excess of EPA's standard over many years, may increase health risks.. Drinking water comes from source water locations such as:. ...

We perform first-principles structure optimization, phonon frequency, and finite temperature molecular dynamics calculations based on density functional theory to study the interaction of chlorine atoms with graphene predicting the existence of possible chlorinated graphene derivatives. The bonding of a single chlorine atom is ionic through the transfer of charge from graphene to chlorine adatom and induces negligible local distortion in the underlying planar graphene. Different from hydrogen and fluorine adatoms, the migration of a single chlorine adatom on the surface of perfect graphene takes place almost without barrier. However, the decoration of one surface of graphene with Cl adatoms leading to various conformations cannot be sustained due to strong Cl-Cl interaction resulting in the desorption through the formation of Cl2 molecules. On the contrary, the fully chlorinated graphene, chlorographene CCl, where single chlorine atoms are bonded alternatingly to each carbon atom from different ...

Degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by aerobic bacteria is generally divided into an upper pathway, which produces dihydroxylated aromatic intermediates by the action of monooxygenases, and a lower pathway, which processes these intermediates down to molecules that enter the citric acid cycle. Bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases (BMMs) are a family of enzymes divided into six distinct groups. Most bacterial genomes code for only one BMM, but a few cases (3 out of 31) of genomes coding for more than a single monooxygenase have been found. One such case is the genome of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1, in which two different monooxygenases have been found, phenol hydroxylase (PH) and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO). We have already demonstrated that ToMO is an oligomeric protein whose subunits transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen, which is eventually incorporated into the aromatic substrate. However, no molecular data are available on the structure and on the mechanism of action of PH. To ...

A focused effort to rid a Louisiana water system of a rare but deadly amoeba by raising the minimum chlorine disinfectant level is paying off. The Louisiana Department of Health & Hospitals announced recently that 22 water samples taken in St. Bernard Parish in late January tested negative for the amoeba Naegleria fowleri. A new statewide disinfection rule mandates a minimum level of 0.5 parts per million of chlorine at all points in water distribution systems, up from the federal requirement to maintain a "trace" or "detectable" level of chlorine.. Why the Fuss about Naegleria?. Two Louisiana deaths in 2011 and one in 2013 are blamed on Naegleria, the "brain-eating" amoeba, which can migrate to the brain from nasal passages exposed to this pathogen, causing "amoebic meningoencephalitis" ("PAM") and almost certain death. People cannot be infected with this parasite by drinking water, only by nasally inhaling it or otherwise having it enter nasal passages. The two 2011 deaths were associated with ...

The presence of eight acid-extractable phenols and sixteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Laguna Lake water was determined. The acid-extractable phenols which were analyzed included: phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and pentachlorophenol. The OCPs were as follows: α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC (lindane), δ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4,4'-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan II, 4,4-DDD, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, and 4,4-DDT.Water samples trom five different sites in Laguna Lake were collected in October and November 1996, and February and May 1997. The phenols and OCPs were extracted separately by liquid-liquid extraction. Identification and quantification were done by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). None of the sixteen OCPs was detected in any of the water samples. On the other hand, phenol and 4-nitrophenol were detected in some samples collected in

Sodium hypochlorite is the main ingredient in household bleach as well as in some of the pool sanitizers you use. Sodium hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite is chlorine gas dissolved in sodium hydroxide. Sodium hypochlorite disintegrates when heated or if it contacts acids, sunlight, certain metals, and poisonous and corrosive gases, including chlorine gas. Calcium hypochlorite is another low-cost chlorine solution, but it comes with the same issues that liquid chlorine has with a pH of 12, requiring additional treatment. A gallon of sodium hypochlorite (containing 2.34 pounds of solids) will add 12 ppm of FAC (Free Available Chlorine) to 10,000 gallons of water and will increase the TDS by 28 ppm. 1.Sodium hypochlorite , commonly called "liquid bleach", is commercially available in strengths approximately 15% by weight. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a solution made from reacting chlorine with a sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium hypochlorite, commonly referred to as Active chlorine released from ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by rare earth-doped Snonanoparticles. AU - Al-Hamdi, Abdullah M.. AU - Sillanpää, Mika. AU - Dutta, Joydeep. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - The influence of heterogeneous semiconductors on the photodegradation of phenol in water was investigated using doped tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles. Photocatalysts of SnO2 were synthesized with lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd) dopants. These photocatalysts were synthesized from tin tetrachloride by sol-gel method with different dopant concentrations, and its photocatalytic degradation was investigated up to 0.8 % under UV-A light in aqueous suspensions. The photocatalytic oxidation reactions were studied by varying photocatalyst composition, light intensity, reaction time, pH of the reaction medium, and phenol concentration. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of rare earth-doped SnO2 for phenol decomposition under UV light irradiation was considerably higher ...

Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) is a staple vegetable in Ghana and several countries world-wide. It has potential for several uses but is mostly under-utilized in Ghana. In this study, the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of five different okra seed genotypes (Asha, Asontem, Agbagoma, Sengevi and Penkruma), subjected to different treatments, were determined. A sensory test was performed to determine the acceptability of tea made with the okra seeds. The total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of the samples were determined by means of Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH assay, respectively. An affective test was used for the sensory analysis. The results indicated that undefatted samples had the highest total phenol content (34.89-39.39 mg GAE/100 g) whereas defatted samples recorded the least (27.83-30.39 mg GAE/100 g). Defatted samples had % DPPH inhibition in the range of 46.38 to 64.00%) whereas that of undefatted samples ranged 34.39-53.00%. However, for the tea infusion of the

Acute poisoning with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-D and MCPA is reported world wide, potentially causing severe toxicity and death. Since there is no antidote for chlorophenoxy herbicides, treatments such as urinary alkalinisation have been used to increase the clearance of these poisons from the body. Although urinary alkalinisation was first trialled over 30 years ago, it is not currently used routinely for the treatment of patients with acute chlorophenoxy poisoning. This review looked for studies where this treatment had been given to poisoned patients. No studies of sufficient quality were identified and therefore routine use of this approach to treatment cannot be recommended. However, due to the poor outcomes in patients who present with severe toxicity it may have a role in addition to standard intensive care support. More research should be conducted.. ...

The 96 h and 192 h LC50s were determined for phenol and 11 substituted phenols. The freshwater flow-through tests with measured concentrations and nearly identical test conditions used the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas as the test organism. The fish were checked for uniformity in toxicity response using 48 h static reference tests with 2,4-dichlorophenol as the toxicant. The results of these 12 tests produced a mean 48 h LC50 of 8.6 mg/L plus or minus 1.1 mg/L. The mean of duplicate 96 h LC50s (mg/L) in ascending order of toxicity were: pentachlorophenol, 0.22; 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, 2.0; 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 6.6; 2,4-dichlorophenol, 8.2; 2-chlorophenol, 12; 2,4-dinitrophenol, 17; 2,4-dimethylphenol, 17; 2,6-dimethylphenol, greater than 27; phenol, 29; 4-nitrophenol, 61; and 3-methoxyphenol, 76 ...

Free Online Library: Decontamination of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on selected surfaces by chlorine dioxide gas. by 'Journal of Environmental Health'; Health, general Environmental issues Anthrax Analysis Case studies

2,4,5-T, aldrin, binapacryl, captafol, chlordane, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, DDT, DNOC and its salts, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB), dieldrin, dinoseb, fluoroacetamide, HCH, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, mercury compounds, monocrotophos, parathion, pentachlorophenol, toxaphene and tributyl tin, plus certain formulations of methamidophos, methyl-parathion, and phosphamidon, as well as dustable-powder formulations containing a combination of benomyl at or above 7 percent, carbofuran at or above 10 percent and thiram at or above 15 percent that are listed as severely hazardous pesticide formulations ...

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The performance of a fluidized bed reactor using immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solution was investigated. The contribution of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to the 2,4-DCP degradation was examined. Results showed that Lip and Mnp were not essential to 2,4-DCP degradation while their presence enhanced the degradation process and reaction rate. In sequential batch experiment, the bioactivity of immobilized cells was recovered and improved during the culture and the maximum degradation rate constant of 13.95 mg (Ld)−1 could be reached. In continuous bioreactor test, the kinetic behavior of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on loofa sponge was found to follow the Monod equation. The maximum reaction rate was 7.002 mg (Lh)−1, and the saturation constant was 26.045 mg L−1. ...

In situ bioremediation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated ground water in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic down borehole permeable barrier reactor requires a non-toxic primary substrate for dichlorophenol cometabolism. Serum bottle tests comparing the effectiveness of eight primary substrates for aerobic dichlorophenol degradation showed phenol to be the most effective followed by imitation vanilla flavoring, guaiacol, sodium benzoate, molasses, acetic acid, propylene glycol and ethyl vanillin in propylene glycol. As phenol is a pollutant, imitation vanilla flavoring is the recommended primary substrate for field use. In a second bottle test, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol was not sufficiently biotransformed, emphasizing the need for biotransformation to occur in the anaerobic zone of the reactor ...

It is also for water treatment. 3. BASIS & PRESUMPTIONS : a. However, sodium hypochlorite is NOT effective in the disinfection of bacterial spores and prions. The effect of blood on the antiviral activity of sodium hypochlorite, a phenolic, and a quaternary ammonium compound. Det-Sol 5000 ® is recommended for 'dirty' areas with a high risk of infection. While working with sodium hypochlorite, safety measures have to be taken to protect workers and the environment. Sodium hypochlorite is just one of the common chlorine disinfectants; chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) and solid calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl) 2 ] are two others. It is used in Dakin's solution as well. ecommended the use of a 1:10 dilution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and water for routine environmental disinfection of rooms of patients with C. difficile when there is continued transmission 844, 848. MUMBAI: The BMC's insecticide branch in a departmental circular has advised that spraying with the disinfectant sodium ...

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AFMAN 24-204(I)/TM 38-250/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.19H/ DLAI 4145.3 189 11 DECEMBER 2001 Reportable Reportable Hazardous Substance Quantity (RQ) Hazardous Substance Quantity (RQ) Pounds Pounds (Kilograms) (Kilograms) Osmium tetroxide 1000 (454) Phenol, 2,4-dinitro- 10 (4.54) 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3- dicarboxylic acid 1000 (454) Phenol, methyl- 100 (45.4) 1,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide 10 (4.54) Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro- 10 (4.54) 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro-2- oxide 10 (4.54) Phenol, 2,2 -methylenebis [3,4,6-trichloro- 100 (45.4) Oxirane 10 (4.54) Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6- dinitro 1000 (454) Oxiranecarboxyaldehyde 10 (4.54) Phenol, 4-nitro- 100 (45.4) Oxirane, (chloromethyl)- 100 (45.4) Phenol, pentachloro- 10 (4.54) Paraformaldehyde 1000 (454) Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro- 10 (4.54) Paraldehyde 1000 (454) Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro- 10 (4.54) Parathion 10 (4.54) Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro- 10 (4.54) Pentachlorobenzene 10 (4.54) Phenol, ...

Pseudomonas, dermatophytes, Candida, and Trichophyton. When there is a break in the skin from the offending nail border, these organisms can invade the area and cause an infection, swelling and granulation tissue of the nail fold.. DIAGNOSIS. Ingrown toenail symptoms and signs include redness, pain, and swelling. Sometimes there may be a clear yellowish drainage, or if it becomes infected, pus drainage. Occasionally, ingrown toenails resolve without treatment. Painful, persistent, and recurring ingrown toenails should be treated.. Sometimes there is nail edge curving into the skin (incurvation) or a spike of nail (spicule) pressing into the skin of the nail border. When an infection is involved, there may be severe redness and swelling, drainage, pus, and a bad smell.. ...

INFLUENCE OF PERMANGANATE INDEX IN THE PARAMETERS AS TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS

TY - JOUR. T1 - Controlled defects of zinc oxide nanorods for efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation of phenol. AU - Al-Sabahi, Jamal. AU - Bora, Tanujjal. AU - Al-Abri, Mohammed. AU - Dutta, Joydeep. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Environmental pollution from human and industrial activities has received much attention as it adversely affects human health and bio-diversity. In this work we report efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation of phenol using supported zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and explore the role of surface defects in ZnO on the visible light photocatalytic activity. ZnO nanorods were synthesized on glass substrates using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process, while the surface defect states were controlled by annealing the nanorods at various temperatures and were characterized by photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the evaluation of phenol photocatalytic degradation. ZnO nanorods ...

Disinfection of water is mandatory for swimming pools. Most of them use Chlorine or its derivates for that purpose. When entering the pool bathers bring substances such as sweat, hairs and cosmetics that react with disinfectants and form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are known to be harmful for human health. In order to avoid the formation of these undesirable products new technologies for pool water treatment must be developed or alternatively a control system of the DBPs in the pool. The most important DBPs and their precursors are organic. Nanofiltration (NF) comes up as a possible solution for the problem as it is capable of rejecting organic matter. A nanofiltration filtration plant was installed in an indoor pool in Germany. The existed pool water treatment included flocculation, powdered activated carbon adsorption and ultrafiltration. During this study a branch current was treated by the new NF plant. The nanofiltration plant treated 0.3% of the global recycle flow, meaning ...

LEROY W KATTERHENRY JR is honored on Panel 44E, Row 60 of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC. LEROY W KATTERHENRY JR is from COLUMBUS, OH and served as a SGT in the ARMY.

Water treatment at the household level (termed household water treatment or point-of-use water treatment) comprises activities and projects used to improve water quality at the home. Examples of these projects include: chlorine tablet distributions (i.e. Aquatabs®), use of liquid chlorine, flocculant/disinfectants (i.e. P&G Purifier of Water™), ceramic water filters, biosand filters, hollow-fiber filters, solar disinfection, and boiling ...

PAD can be a factor in people with uncontrolled diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal failure, limb trauma, ingrown toenails, poorly healing toe or feet wounds, foot or leg pain with or without activity, or who are overweight. Ingrown toenails 836: Inguinal hernia 1525: Insomnia 531: Insulin (resistance) 22573: Intestinal inflammation 874/225: Irritable colon 429: Itching (body itchy) 119: Job syndrome 71950: Keratosis pilaris 52983: Kidney stones 25809: Kidney transplant 901: Kidneys 37: Lactose intolerance 21300: Language 1111: Lateral sclerosis 2114/771: Left arm. Leukonychia (or leuconychia), is a medical term for white discolouration appearing on nails. As a practitioner, David has worked at some of the world's elite retreats and wellness spas from the Maldives, to Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Caribbean, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia. It usually affects your big toe. Race to find ship survivors as Typhoon Haishen nears Japan. You do not need to be referred by your GP. ...

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TY - BOOK. T1 - Enhanced reductive dechlorination in clay till contaminated with chlorinated solvents. AU - Damgaard,Ida. A2 - Broholm,Mette Martina. A2 - Bjerg,Poul Løgstrup. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Chlorinated solvents are among the most frequently found contaminants in groundwater. In fractured media, chlorinated ethenes and ethanes are transported downwards through preferential pathways with subsequent diffusion into the sediment matrix. Due to slow back diffusion it can serve as a long term secondary source that can leach to the underlying aquifer. As some of the chlorinated solvents and their degradation products are toxic and carcinogenic, remediation technologies applicable in low permeability settings are needed. Enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) has been proven efficient in high permeability aquifers and has also been applied at a number of low permeability clay till sites. This thesis presents the results of an investigation of chlorinated ethenes (and ethanes) degradation ...

2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) is a toxic compound widespread in the environment, with numerous applications. There are many fungi capable of degrading it, although little attention has been paid to non wood-degrading species. Penicillium chrysogenum ERK1 was able to degrade 85% of TCP in batch cultures in the presence of sodium acetate. Degradation rate was fitted to a specific first-order kinetic and the growth rate was fitted to a Gompertz model. Hydroquinone and benzoquinone were identified as degradation intermediates. The phytotoxicity of the residues was reduced by half after fungal treatment. These results suggest that Penicillium chrysogenum can be applied successfully to biodegrade TCP ...

We have cloned the linD genes as a candidate for direct involvement in the degradation of 2,5-DCHQ, the intermediate of γ-HCH degradation by S. paucimobilis UT26. The fact that E. coli cells overproducing LinD converted 2,5-DCHQ to HQ and that the Tn5-induced mutants which show deficiencies in LinD activity have a deletion or rearrangements in the linD gene support the hypothesis that the linD gene is directly involved in 2,5-DCHQ degradation in UT26. Recently, we revealed that rearrangements occurred in the linD gene in UT103, which has no LinD activity (13).. Northern blot analysis revealed that linD mRNA is expressed upon induction with 2,5-DCHQ, whereas linA, linB, and linC are constitutively expressed. This suggested the existence of a regulatory system for linD gene expression.. TLC analysis revealed that LinD rapidly converts 2,5-DCHQ to CHQ and slowly converts CHQ to HQ. This indicates that LinD catalyzes the reductive dehalogenation of 2,5-DCHQ. However, the conversion of CHQ to HQ may ...

Abstract : 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) are two isomers of dichlorophenols, have beenused as preservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibers and as intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals anddyes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of 2H/1H or13C/12C, and 18O/16O or 37Cl/35Cl, in dichlorophenol isomers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The 2,4-DCP and 2,6-DCP samples were divided into two parts: control and treated. The control sample remained as untreated, whilethe treated sample was further divided into four groups as T1, T2, T3, and T4. The treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi'sbiofield energy treatment. The GC-MS spectra of 2,4-DCP and 2,6-DCP showed three to six m/z peaks at 162, 126, 98, 73, 63,37 etc. due to the molecular ion peak and fragmented peaks. The isotopic abundance ratios (percentage) in both the isomerswere increased significantly ...