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TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison of colorimetric and membrane introduction mass spectrometry techniques for chloramine analysis. AU - Lee, Wontae. AU - Westerhoff, Paul. AU - Yang, Xin. AU - Shang, Chii. PY - 2007/7. Y1 - 2007/7. N2 - Three methods for the determination of chloramines in water were compared using pH-buffered nanopure water and natural organic matter (NOM) solutions. We investigated whether the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric method and/or an adapted indophenol method (Hach MonochlorF) are suitable for determining the concentration of monochloramine in drinking water. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used as a reference analysis method to determine the different chloramine species in water. All methods measured monochloramine accurately in Nanopure water, but the DPD colorimetric method measured higher residuals (inorganic and organic chloramines) than MonochlorF or MIMS when in the presence of NOM due to organic chloramines. The indophenol method ...

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In its assessment of chloramine toxicity to marine invertebrates, Environment Canada (the Canadian equivalent of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) determined the Estimated No-Effects Value (ENEV) based on this type of data to be 0.002 ppm-Cl for marine and estuarine environments.. How much chloramine should one allow into an aquarium? That, of course, depends on what is in the aquarium. In the absence of knowing the toxicity of chloramine to every inhabitant of the aquarium (or of even knowing the identity of every inhabitant), it seems prudent to have chloramine levels far below those where the most sensitive organisms are killed, and that chloramine concentration is somewhere well below 0.005 ppm-Cl. The value suggested by Environment Canada seems like a reasonable maximum. There is, however, substantial uncertainty in deciding exactly which levels are acceptable and which are not, since there is so little data available. Perhaps the acceptable levels for daily exposures ...

Chloramines, also known as combined chlorine, are made up of monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCL2) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). These compounds are formed when free chlorine (hypochlorous acid) reacts with nitrogen that swimmers introduce into the pool which then break down into ammonium compounds. Chloramines are relatively ineffective sanitizers, and nitrogen trichloride in particular is responsible for the nasty chlorine smell associated poorly maintained public pools. To break down chloramines, the level of free chlorine must be raised.. ...

Adiponectin greatly stimulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) as did IL-1β. We wondered whether taurine chloramine (TauCl) inhibits the production of MMPs stimulated by adiponectin in the same pattern as by IL-1β stimulation in vitro Synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were treated with adiponectin or interleukin (IL)-1β for 24 hr in the presence or absence of TauCl. The culture supernatant was collected and the levels of MMPs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IκB signaling pathways stimulated by adiponectin were studied and the levels of NF-κB in the nuclei of the cells were analyzed by ELISA. TauCl (600 µM) inhibited MMP-13, but not MMP-1, expression in IL-1β-stimulated RA FLSs. However, TauCl at the same concentration significantly inhibited the production of both adiponectin-stimulated MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression. TauCl inhibited the degradation of IκB-α stimulated by adiponectin, but

The evironmental reporters well-balanced story about chloramine in Stocktons water supply gave the issue the airing it deserved. My own feeling is switching from chlorine was a step away from cancer-causing water. To the extent concerns remain about chloramine, they are just that - concerns as yet unverified by scientific research. A skeptic disagrees here. So, what to do? The above-linked article recommends whole-house filtration. Unless you are made lof money, that seems excessive. As does retooling the Delta Water Supply Project at great cost, possibly without cause.. That would sastisfy Menlo Park resident Denise Johnson-Kula, who formed an anti-chloramine group.. Reports the story, Johnson-Kula suddenly began suffering from life-threatening asthmatic attacks every time she showered, and her skin burned like somebody had poured gasoline on it and set it on fire, she said last week.. I almost died in the shower, she said. Her interpretation is that chloramine is toxic. But an ...

Chloramines, a combination of chlorine and ammonia, cause distinct off tastes and odors in ingredient water. The VZN chloramine series features a specially designed activated carbon cartridge to remove chloramines from the water. This cartridge follows the self-cleaning ultrafilter and ensures premium quality water to the operations beverage portfolio.

Chloramines, a combination of chlorine and ammonia, cause distinct off tastes and odors in ingredient water. The VZN chloramine series features a specially designed activated carbon cartridge to remove chloramines from the water. This cartridge follows the self-cleaning ultrafilter and ensures premium quality water to the operations beverage portfolio.

Drinking water chloramine use may promote ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth because of naturally occurring ammonia, residual ammonia remaining from chloramine formation, and ammonia released from chloramine decay and demand. A rapid chloramine residual loss is often associated with the onset of nitrification that may result in noncompliance with existing regulations; therefore, understanding nitrification and its control in drinking water is of practical importance. For biological ammonia oxidation (1st nitrification step), AOB use two enzymes in two consecutive reactions: (1) ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) catalyzes ammonia oxidation to hydroxylamine and (2) hydroxylamine oxidoreductase catalyzes hydroxylamine oxidation to nitrite, supplying electrons back to AMO for ammonia oxidation. Chloramine also inactivates AOB but rates vary, depending on inactivation criterion (metabolic activity, culturability, cell membrane integrity). One mechanism for the fastest inactivation (metabolic activity ...

Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants. In the United States, the maintenance of what is called a residual of disinfectant that stays in the water distribution system while it is delivered to peoples homes is required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA regulations give two choices for disinfectant residual - chlorine or chloramine. Many major water agencies are changing to chloramine to better meet current and anticipated federal drinking water regulations and to protect the public health. There are many similarities between chlorine and chloramine. Both provide effective residual disinfection with minimal risk to public health. Both are toxic to fish and amphibians. Both ...

The Seneca Falls Water Department has temporarily discontinued Chloramines as the disinfectant treatment process for our water supply. Due to the continued and unusual temperature of Cayuga Lake it is necessary for us to continue with Free Chlorine. This is a temporary change, and as soon as the lake temperature returns to normal we will gradually return to the Chloramines treatment process. Quality water is a vital to our residents and businesses. The only change you may notice is a stronger chlorine odor while we are using the Free Chlorine disinfectant process. The quality of our water will not change. As always, we want to keep you updated and informed about your drinking water. If you have questions or concerns, please contact us at 315-568-6211. You may also find information online at www.senecafalls.com, and http://www.awwa.org, and http://epa.gov. ...

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Q. What is the difference between Chlorine and Chloramine?. A: Chlorine used to be the only chemical used to disinfect water, but now many water treatment plants have been switching to chloramines. Chloramines are chlorine plus ammonia. Removing chlorine with a standard carbon cartridge is easy but chloramines are not affected and require specialist catalytic grade carbons.. Carbon capable of removing chloramine is much more expensive than ordinary carbon and all Series 5 systems for municipal water have it. This means whether you are on chlorine or chloramine you are protected.. Q. How much fluoride does this cartridge pack reduce?. A: Our standard cartridge pack does not reduce fluoride and is the best choice for people who want to retain the fluoride content in their drinking water. If you want fluoride out please choose a Fluoride Protector Plus system or take a look at our Series 5 PRO Plus.. ...

The Authoritys 2011 decision to use chloramines, a mixture of chlorine and ammonia responsible for massive lead-leaching in Washington, D.C. and skyrocketing levels of lead in children there, initially flew under the radar, and even some of those who granted approval, like Albemarle Supervisor Ken Boyd, say they werent aware of the hazardous side effects experienced in other communities. Hence the Thursday night public forum more than a year later.. Spotted among the crowd at Lane Auditorium were Boyd and fellow supes Duane Snow, Ann Mallek, and Dennis Rooker, and city councilors Dave Norris, Kathy Galvin, and Mayor Satyendra Huja. Those elected bodies will receive public comment in July in a joint meeting with the two water authorities- RWSA and Albemarle County Service Authority.. Rivanna chair Mike Gaffney noted that recently-tightened Environmental Protection Agency requirements were the impetus to add chloramines to local drinking water as a secondary disinfectant. He pointed out that 5.7 ...

3M™ ScaleGard™ Blend Series of Cartridges for Hardness & Chloramines Reduction delivers custom water quality that you control. Simply blend in the desired level of minerals for Recipe Quality Water™. Our cartridges reduce chlorine taste and odor - as well as chloramines that can react with metal, plastic and rubber materials; this reaction may potentially cause equipment damage.

Residents Worry About Chloramines Usage and Safety. More than one in five Americans are drinking tap water thats been treated with a derivative of chlorine known as chloramine.

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Optimizing Chloramine Treatment by Gregory J. Kirmeyer, Awwa Research Foundation starting at $140.45. Optimizing Chloramine Treatment has 1 available editions to buy at Alibris

Aquarium Water Conditioner - One Formula Does It All - Removes Ammonia, Nitrite, Chlorine, Chloramines & Heavy Metals - Adds Essential Electrolytes, Replaces Slime Coat - Reduces Stress. Can Be Used In Freshwater & Saltwater. Aquarium Water Conditioner This formulation is one of the most comprehensive water conditioners available. It is ideal for use in both saltwater and freshwater aquariums. Apply directly to new aquariums or immediately after water changes. The product will remove ammonia and chlorine, destroy chloramines, detoxifies nitrites and heavy metals (including copper), add essential electrolytes, replace skin slime coat and reduce stress.. * Removes Ammonia * Removes Chlorine. * Destroys Chloramines * Detoxifies Nitrite. * Detoxifies Heavy Metals (Including Copper) * Added Essential Electrolytes. * Replace Skin Slime Coat * Reduces Stress. MOST CONVENIENT WATER CONDITIONER - It instantly removes chloramine, removes ammonia, removes nitrite, destroys chloramines, detoxifies heavy ...

A mathematical model of biocide action against microbial biofilm was tested experimentally by measuring the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm to various doses of monochloramine. Pure culture biofilm was developed in continuous flow annular reactors for 7 days, then treated with a 2-, 4-, or 8-h dose of 2 or 4 mg L−1 monochloramine. Some experiments investigated repeated treatment. Disinfection and regrowth of the biofilm were observed by sampling the biofilm for viable and total cell areal densities for up to 100 h following the biocide treatment. A phenomenological mathematical model was fitted to experimental data sets and captured overall trends, but it could not simulate certain experimentally observed features. The model did simulate rapid disinfection followed by steady regrowth. It correctly predicted a much greater decrease in viable than in total cell densities and also correctly captured the shapes of these trajectories. Discrepancies between the model and data included the ...

Water supplied to residents of the city of St. Petersburg meets or exceeds all health standards for drinking water as outlined by the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Safe Drinking Water Act. The change in method of water disinfection from chlorine to chloramines occurred on May 6, 2002. All residents of the city of St. Petersburg now have water treated with chloramines. The use of chloramines for water disinfection is a safe and proven method and is used in other parts of Florida and in the country.. Please remember, chloramines must be removed from water used to keep live fish and other aquatic life. Visit your pet supplier for the appropriate chemical treatment or filtration method.. For additional questions about chloramination, please call the St. Petersburg Water Resources Department at (727) 893-7261.. ...

Chloramine T Pharma Grade is used as an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in various pharmaceutical formulations focused at eliminating micro organisms. Such pharmaceutical products prevent or cure various bacterial diseases for use with humans and animals. Each of these formulations has its own medicinal registration.. Chloramine T Pharma grade as such does not have its own medicinal registration. Chloramine T Pharma grade is produced following GMP rules and a DMF is available.. Request sample ...

Chloramine-T trihydrate 7080-50-4 route of synthesis, Chloramine-T trihydrate chemical synthesis methods, Chloramine-T trihydrate synthetic routes ect.

Chloramine use is widespread in U.S. drinking water distribution systems as a secondary disinfectant. About 30% of surface water treatment plants currently use chloramines and the percentage of surface water treatment plants using chloramines might rise to as high as 40‒65% in the near future. While beneficial for controlling regulated disinfectant-by-product formation, water utilities using chloramines as a disinfectant are often challenged by nitrification in their distribution systems. This Webcast will help water utility managers and operators develop nitrification management plans and provide real-world examples from two utilities that have successfully managed nitrification in their distribution systems ...

There is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of how disinfectants, applied to control biofouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, react with the polymeric active layer and affect membrane performance as a result. This work investigates structural and performance changes to the SW30HR RO membrane exposed to seawater disinfected with monochloramine. Batch experiments with RO membranes were conducted to determine the effect of secondary oxidizing agents formed from the reactions of monochloramine with bromide and iodide on membrane structure. Membrane coupons were exposed to varying concentrations of monochloramine (2, 20 and 200 mg/L as Cl2) in synthetic seawater containing proportional levels of bromide (65, 650 and 6,500 mg/L) and iodide (0.06, 0.6 and 6 mg/L) and various contact times to achieve target exposures. Batch experiments also exposed membranes to real seawater treated with monochloramine (2 mg/L as Cl2) for 68 days. Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry (RBS) and ...

We all know that chemicals (most commonly Chlorine) are added to the water to protect our health however when bather loads increase, Chlorine by-products are the unfortunate side effect. People are a major source of pollutants (Ammonia from sweat and urine) which react with Chlorine to form chemicals known as Chloramines which are directly responsible for the distinct Chlorine odour as well as eye, nose, throat and lung irritations.. Chloramines can evaporate and are released into the air when water is sprayed or splashed. Staff and swimmers who experience long term exposure may develop allergic sensitivities and will react to even low levels of Chloramines which may force them to avoid the water altogether. Showers prior to swimming are encouraged to help lower the amount of Ammonia entering the water and minimise Chloramine build up risk.. Not only is regular maintenance and water balancing important to avoid health issues, adequate ventilation is also critical in maintaining clean air and a ...

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Fluorosilicates have a unique affinity for lead. In fact, lead fluorosilicate is one of the most water-soluble forms of lead. When fluorosilicates in water pass through lead-containing pipes and metal fixtures, the fluorosilicates extract high levels of soluble lead from leaded-brass metal parts. Researchers have found that the mixture of the two chemicals: disinfectant (whether chlorine or chloramine) with fluorosilicic acid has a drastically increased potency, leaching amazingly high quantities of lead. This lead goes into our drinking water and right on into our bodies, where they wreak havoc by poisoning our heart, kidneys and blood, causing irreversible neurological damage and impairing reproductive function ...

My Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was Much Improved After I Removed Chloramine From my Drinking Water Synopsis: If you have IBS, and your tap water...

Occupational asthma caused by chloramines in indoor swimming-pool air K.M. Thickett1, J.S. McCoach1, J.M. Gerber4, S. Sadhra3 and P.S. Burge1 1 Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Occupational Lung Diseases Unit, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK. 4 Institut National de Recherche et de Securite, Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France. 3 Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham,…

The stabilities and speciation of the halamines in water are difficult to characterize experimentally. We provide theoretical estimates of aqueous standard free energies of formation for inorganic chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines, based on high-accuracy theoretical standard free energies of formation in gas phase combined with quantum chemical estimates of Henrys law constant. Based on comparisons between several theoretical and experimental datasets, we assign an error of 1.1-1.2 log unit for equilibrium constants of several reactions leading to halamines in water. The reactions of ammonia with HOCl or HOBr that lead to dichloramine, trichloramine, and tribromamine are found to be thermodynamically more favorable than was previously believed. The newly reported equilibrium data also allow us to propose rate constant values for some hydrolysis and disproportionation reactions of dichloramine, monobromamine, and bromochloramine. Finally, theoretical results indicate aqueous acid

The point-of-entry FI-CHLORAMINE10-BB water filters utilize advanced catalytic granular activated carbon which effectively remove chloramine and hydrogen sulfide from the water and treat up to 8,000 gallons of water.

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3405 Extracellular oxidants such as those generated during inflammation or tissue ischemia-reperfusion can induce apoptosis, but the mechanism through which they do this is not well-defined. We investigated the role of specific protein oxidation in oxidant-induced apoptosis. Using redox-proteomics, we found that the actin-binding protein cofilin is a key target of oxidation that mediates induction of apoptosis by taurine chloramine, a physiological oxidant produced by activated neutrophils. In treated cells, cofilin loses its affinity with actin and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Only oxidized cofilin interacts with the organelles and it induces mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. Cells become resistant to oxidant-induced apoptosis when Cys to Ala cofilin mutants are over-expressed. Moreover, over-expression of wild-type cofilin causes a 2-fold increase in the sensitivity of cells to oxidant-induced apoptosis. Exposure of cofilin to taurine chloramine results in ...

The District uses chloramines to disinfect your drinking water supply and keep it safe. Chloramines are a long-lasting, safe disinfectant that is becoming increasingly popular across the country. Chloramines are toxic for fish. If you are using tap water, you should assure that the fish are properly protected. Local pet shops can advise you on the best measures to neutralize chloraminated water.. ...

Ann Arbors Water Treatment Plant uses ozone as the primary disinfectant and chloramines as a secondary disinfectant. Chloramines or combined chlorine is a compound made up of chlorine and ammonia. These disinfectants are used as an alternative to chlorine treatment because they have fewer by-products, and are a longer lasting disinfectant than free chlorine. In addition, chloramines have less taste and odor than chlorine, and ozone is odorless. Ozone disinfection kills pathogens, improves water taste and reduces odors commonly detected in tap water.. ​ ...

Providing safe drinking water for the citizen and visitors to Manassas is our number one priority. Both free chlorine and chloramines are safe and effective. The Virginia Department of Health publishes guidelines on minimum and maximum concentrations for disinfectants in drinking water. The City of Manassas maintains the water it distributes with those guidelines. The water provided by the city is safe for people and animals to drink, for cooking and bathing, watering the garden, and for all other common uses. However, precautions must be taken to remove or neutralize chloramines and free chlorine during the kidney dialysis process, in the preparation of water for fish tanks and ponds, and for businesses requiring highly-processed water. Any procedure optimized for the removal of chloramines will equally remove free chlorine ...

| Temelleri 1940l y llara dayanan Acar Kimya, kimyevi hammadde ithalat , ihracat ve pazarlamas yapmaktad r. Firmam z, m teri talepleri do rultusunda fason retim, dan manl k hizmeti ve teknik destek hizmeti de vermektedir.

When the tank is positioned, fill it with clean water from a hose or, better, a rain barrel. If using tap water from the hose, let the water sit in the tank for three or four days before planting or adding fish so that the chlorine in the water has time to evaporate. Once you have fish or other wildlife in your pond, youll need to be careful about how you add water to compensate for evaporation. To top off small tanks like my old stock-tank pond, use rainwater or a bucket of tap water that has had time to de-chlorinate. Larger tanks like my new one may be topped off with water right out of the hose if its only an inch or two; the volume of water in a large tank nullifies the impact of the added chlorine, so long as its not too much.. Update 4/20/13: If you live in the City of Austin, chloramine is now added to our drinking water. (If you live elsewhere, check with your water provider to see if your water contains chloramine; many cities use it.) Unlike chlorine, chloramine does not dissipate ...

Its important to note that Ft Worth uses chloramines to disinfect the water supply instead of chlorine. Chloramines are more difficult to get rid of than chlorine. The subject of chloramine removal is a rather lengthy topic by itself--the short story is you can get rid of it by adding campden tablets (1 crushed tablet per 20 gals) or granulated active carbon (GAC) filtration with a low flow rate. I ran tests with campden tablets and it appears to work. In practice I used GAC filtration--an Omnifilter CB3 cartridge to be exact. Its 0.5 microns and has a flow rate of 0.5 gals/minute--so it takes a little bit to fill up the vessels ...

Scully doesnt have the time to find her name among the test subjects whose ova was used in the Valor Victor. If she had time she would have found it: Scully is but one abductee and William is but one of the babies of this project, an organic Supersoldier, as the babies influenced by the chloramine. Scully was relieved to deliver a healthy baby, but the joy didnt last long: the mobile above William started turning in creepy paranormal fashion! One thing that is different with William, however, is that no chloramine intervened in his otherwise natural conception (8X21: Existence). As well learn later (9X17: William), chloramine did influence him but was not responsible for Scullys pregnancy.. In 48 hours, Mulder had the time to become a father, to guest star in an episode of The Lone Gunmen, and to take one of the most difficult decisions of his life: to leave Scully and William. Scully explains that he cant be brought back into this, he cant be brought back to the FBI, its just too ...

The abundance and nitrification activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in bulk water and biofilm in chloraminated and chlorinated water supply systems were investigated. The abundance of AOB varied between cold and warm periods while that was the case for AOA only in biofilm. Lower ammonia concentrations favored the abundance of AOA over AOB. AOA and AOB were found more in distal zones of the distribution system (DS). Higher numbers of AOA and AOB were observed in DS associated with chloramination compared to those associated with chlorination. Significant positive correlations between ammonia-N in bulk water and AOA indicate a possibility of involvement of AOA in nitrification in DS. A separate laboratory-based experiment simulating DS condition was conducted to understand the effects of chlorine and chloramine dosages and temperature on AOA and AOB. AOA were inhibited less than AOB in the presence of lower concentrations of chlorine and chloramine (1.5 and 2.0

Activated phagocytes release the haem enzyme MPO (myeloperoxidase) and also generate superoxide radicals (O2*-), and hence H2O2, via an oxidative burst. Reaction of MPO with H2O2 in the presence of chloride ions generates HOCl (the physiological mixture of hypochlorous acid and its anion present at pH 7.4). Exposure of glycosaminoglycans to a MPO-H2O2-Cl- system or reagent HOCl generates long-lived chloramides [R-NCl-C(O)-R] derived from the glycosamine N-acetyl functions. Decomposition of these species by transition metal ions gives polymer-derived amidyl (nitrogen-centred) radicals [R-N*-C(O)-R], polymer-derived carbon-centred radicals and site-specific strand scission. In the present study, we have shown that exposure of glycosaminoglycan chloramides to O2*- also promotes chloramide decomposition and glycosaminoglycan fragmentation. These processes are inhibited by superoxide dismutase, metal ion chelators and the metal ion-binding protein BSA, consistent with chloramide decomposition and ...

Various groups complain about the toxic residues created by chlorination. However, various alternatives that have been created appear to have faults of their own, producing the carcinogenic compounds similar to the ones scientists sought to remove. This is where other methods are used, such as carbon filtration and enhanced coagulation, physical-chemical processes, though this is expensive18. Bromine is used as a disinfectant in swimming pools. However, unlike chlorine, it cannot be used to disinfect drinking water19. In contrast, the EPA references three different oxidizing disinfectants for drinking water: chlorine, chloramines, and ozone. Monochloramine, NH2Cl, is formed during a reaction between ammonia and chlorine (a process called chloramination). Ozone is a newer method, but offers greater levels of oxidation with quicker decomposition. In a study done in 1997, it was found that H.pylori and E.coli respond similarly to hypochlorous acid20. However, a different study in 2002 demonstrates ...

Description/Applicant information. A three year fully funded PhD scholarship is available for an outstanding candidate to conduct research at the interface of Water Chemistry and Microbiology in the School of Molecular and Life Sciences. The aim of this project is to generate an in-depth understanding about the survival mechanisms of microorganisms in chloraminated distribution systems as well as the chemical mechanisms involved in the interaction between bacteria and their metabolites with monochloramine. Chloramination is used as an alternative to chlorine for residual disinfection in water distribution pipelines. The decomposition of monochloramine releases free ammonia which promotes bacterial growth, and leads to unexpected high consumption of oxidants. This exposes the pipeline to the potential growth of Naeglaria fowleri a highly pathogenic organism, previously responsible for multiple deaths of young children. The PhD candidate will develop bioreactors that allow for simulation of a ...

Editor:. Re: City claims parkade editorial misleading, Aug. 2.. Who exactly is misleading?. This City of White Rock calling the PAN parkade editorial misleading is a bit like a pot calling the kettle black.. Lately, White Rock seems to have perfected its misleading efforts, especially when it comes to the water issue.. I happen to read the latest My City My Water insert that came with the water bill. Rather than provide an honest assessment of the situation in which the city finds itself, it seemed like it was written to convey half-truths and misdirect White Rock water users. There is lots in the pamphlet to convince me monochloramine is so good for me and even tells me that 1 in 5 Americans drink chloraminated water. Really? Good for them! What it fails to mention is that chloramine use is known to cause pipes to corrode, allowing lead to leach from the older pipes into the water supply. It also misleads by saying that one of the reasons why White Rock does not connect to Metro Vancouver ...

The filtered water goes through one last step, secondary disinfection, to provide continuous disinfection when it is delivered to water users. Our treatment plants use chlorine and chloramine to kill any bacteria or viruses that may be present in the pipes from our plant to your tap. Chloramine is a combined chlorine and ammonia compound used to disinfect potable water. Chlorine was first successfully used as a disinfectant for water in 1908. Chlorine disinfection has just about wiped out water-borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid in the United States. The science of water treatment has progressed so far that detection and control of contaminants in water have reduced health hazards to nearly zero ...

3.1 Results of Experiment regarding Sample Model I and II The rate of decomposition of the Organic chlorine Compounds in sample model I is shown in Table 2. The rate of decomposition of trichloroethylene was 96%, and 1,1-dichloroethylene was 92%. On the other hand, the rate of decomposition tetrachloroethylene was 2%. The m/z ratio was shown at 137 and it proofs the existence of chloral which is middle substance of Organic chlorine Compounds which the enzyme of microbe breaks in the process of decomposition3). The rate of decomposition of the Organic chlorine Compounds in sample model II is shown in Table 3. And the rate of decomposition of trichloroethylene was 22% , and 1,1- dichloroethylene was 15%. On the other hand, the rate of decomposition of tetrachloroethylene was 0%. Therefore, it was suggested that the soil could also decompose Organic chlorine Compounds without adding Effective Microorganisms. Regarding this matter, further examination is required for the consideration of a ...

This work aims to describe the shift in microbial diversity and community structure within a hospital hot-water system upon the introduction of on-site monochloramine disinfection. Drinking water distribution systems, including premise plumbing of buildings, contain a diverse microbiological population. Proposed ASHRAE Legionella standards will likely result in a significant increase in the use of on-site water disinfection systems in a diverse array of buildings, with unknown impact on the microbial ecology of the premise plumbing. To date, the majority of on-site disinfection systems have been installed in hospitals, creating a valuable testing ground to observe the impact of on-site disinfection systems on microbial ecology prior to wide application. To gain a better understanding of the shift in microbial ecology introduced by monochloramine disinfection, this study will characterize the microbial populations within the hospital system by sequencing of the 16S ribosomal gene isolated from ...

The Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority will temporarily substitute chlorine as the disinfecting agent in the drinking water treatment process in place of its regularly used chlorine/ammonia compound, known as chloramines, at the GBRA Port Lavaca Water Treatment Plant.. This action will begin on Monday and will last 21 days, after which the plant will resume the use of chloramines, Herb Wittliff, manager for Port Lavaca operations, stated in a news release.. Chlorine and chloramines are used as disinfecting agents for drinking water to safeguard finished water against bacteria that cause water-borne illnesses, Wittliff said. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality recommends periodically substituting chlorine alone to provide more stability to the disinfecting process and remove any excess ammonia that might have accumulated in distribution systems over time.. As part of the process, the three wholesale customers of GBRA - the City of Port Lavaca, the Calhoun County Rural Water System of GBRA ...

in Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses Filiales (1983), 177(2), 259-68. 5 micrograms of human beta-endorphin were labelled with 2 mCi 125I by the chloramine T technique. After two gel filtrations on Sephadex G-15 and on Sephadex G-50 in phosphate buffer with EDTA, Trasylol ... [more ▼]. 5 micrograms of human beta-endorphin were labelled with 2 mCi 125I by the chloramine T technique. After two gel filtrations on Sephadex G-15 and on Sephadex G-50 in phosphate buffer with EDTA, Trasylol and mercapto-ethanol, a pure tracer was obtained with a specific activity about 150 microCi/ug. Kept at + 4 degrees C, the tracer remained utilizable for 30 days without loss of immunoreactivity. The labelling with lactoperoxydase and the use of another gel filtration method (filtration on Aca 202) gave a 125I beta-END tracer with the same immunoreactivity. The binding of this tracer to the antibody of an anti-beta-END antiserum diluted at 1/8000 was 32% with a non specific binding ...

Fritz Ammonia Remover, 16 oz. - At AquaCave, we offer Best Prices, 5% Back, and Free Shipping on Fritz Ammonia Remover, 16 oz.. - Buy Fritz Ammonia Remover, 16 oz. - Now Only $10.95 - Fritz Ammonia Remover, 16 oz. Fritz Ammonia Remover Instantly neutralizes toxic chlorine, chloramine, ammonia and heavy metals. Most dechlorinators have no effect on the highly toxic chloramine in city water. When this tap water is added to an aquarium, the chloramine kills fish, corals and plants. A chemical reaction then gives off deadly ammonia. Fish have no chance of survival! Fritz Ammonia Remover is the safe, easy way to neutralize these toxins. It leaves water fresh, clear, clean and free of toxins, perfectly safe and balanced for all fish and aquatic life. Great for treating ammonia buildup in goldfish, turtle or newt tanks, small bowls, desk-top aquariums and tropical community aquariums. 16 oz. Treats 600 gal.

The review uses the Bradford Hill criteria to show that vigorous exercise, particularly in cold air athletes and swimmers, causes asthma. For professional athletes this is occupational asthma. The review convincingly shows that hyperventilation is more important than the environment, with cross-country skiers developing asthma more frequently than ski jumpers, and endurance swimmers more comonly than divers. Intrigingly synchronised swimmers are at intermediate risk, perhaps because of the long breath-hold time after inhaling chloramines. This is a good and comprehensive review, but shies away from the obvious occupation consequence of removing the athlete from further exposure. One rule for the industrial worker, another for the athlete. At least for swimmers there are alternatives to chlorine for water sterilisation which could reduce chloramine exposures ...

Kaydos-Daniels (2007)32 and Safranek (2006)33 describe two incidences involving exposure to chloramines. The first incident occurred in West Virginia in 2002. Guests at a hotel attended a birthday party at an indoor swimming pool and reported symptoms consistent with chloramine exposure. Further investigation revealed that while FAC levels were within the acceptable range of 1.0-5.0 ppm, both combined chlorine and pH were beyond the acceptable range prescribed by the city; CAC was found to be ≥ 0.7 ppm, and pH of the water was found to be ≥ 8.5.32 The symptoms were strongly attributed to exposure to pool water and atmosphere in the pool room. The second incidence occurred in Nebraska in 2006.33 Guests reported symptoms including burning eyes, sore throat, watery eyes, coughing, sneezing, burning inside the nose, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Inspection of the pool found the FAC to be 0.8 ppm; the CAC was 4.2 ppm, and the pH was 3.95.33 All of these levels were in violation of the ...

TOPIC:. Combined chloramine residuals often mask themselves as false-positive phantom free chlorine residuals, while using the DPD free chlorine reagents and test method. A detailed breakpoint chlorine diagram will be used during this session to help visualize the pros and cons between using combined chloramine residuals or free chlorine disinfection methods. Chloramination treatment, disinfection byproduct formation, nitrification, and controlling chlorine taste/odor will be addressed in this session. Attendees will receive formulas and tools, to return to the job and calculate chlorine demand, optimize chlorine dosage rate, and limit byproduct formation. Bring your own DPD chlorine field test kit, copies of your raw/finished water quality reports, and a sample of your finished water to see first hand if you have phantom false-positive chlorine residuals and how to avoid them and then make treatment changes to improve water quality and consumer confidence.. ...

Combined chloramine residuals often mask themselves as false-positive phantom free chlorine residuals, while using the DPD free chlorine reagents and test method. A detailed breakpoint chlorine diagram will be used during this session to help visualize the pros and cons between using combined chloramine residuals or free chlorine disinfection methods. Chloramination treatment, disinfection byproduct formation, nitrification, and controlling chlorine taste/odor will be addressed in this session. Attendees will receive formulas and tools, to return to the job and calculate chlorine demand, optimize chlorine dosage rate, and limit byproduct formation. Bring your own DPD chlorine field test kit, copies of your raw/finished water quality reports, and a sample of your finished water to see first hand if you have phantom false-positive chlorine residuals and how to avoid them and then make treatment changes to improve water quality and consumer confidence ...

p-Toluenesulfonamide is formed from chloramine-T, an antimicrobial agent used by the aquaculture industry to treat fish intended for human consumption. Chloramine-T is also widely used as a disinfectant in the medical, dental, veterinary, food processing, and agricultural industries. Because of its low degree of cytotoxicity, chloramine-T has been used in direct contact with tissues, including treatment for burns, in whirlpools for wounds, and as an oral mouthwash. In the agricultural industry, it is used as a broad-spectrum biocide for foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and poultry diseases. Chloramine-T was nominated by a private individual for toxicology studies based on its current status as an Investigational New Animal Drug for controlling proliferative gill disease and bacterial gill disease in aquaculture and the need for additional toxicology studies to support its safe use. p-Toluenesulfonamide was studied for toxicity by the NTP because it has been shown to be the major ...

UMESC Publications. Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure for confirmation of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fish fillet tissue Idowu, O. R., Kijak, P. J., Meinertz, J. R., and Schmidt, L. J., 2004, Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure for confirmation of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fish fillet tissue: Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, v. 87, no. 5, p. 1098-1108.. Abstract. Chloramine-T is a disinfectant being developed as a treatment for bacterial gill disease in cultured fish. As part of the drug approval process, a method is required for the confirmation of chloramine-T residues in edible fish tissue. The marker residue that will be used to determine the depletion of chloramine-T residues from the edible tissue of treated fish is para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), a metabolite of chloramine-T. The development and validation of a procedure for the confirmation of p-TSA ...

Infrastructure Quarterly - Many water providers employ systems that utilize chloramines to limit the concentration of disinfection byproducts in their distribution systems. An unintended consequence of chloramines is nitrifications in the systems, resulting in red water at customers taps. The Water Research Foundation (WRF) recently selected Garvers Water Technology Team to research and develop an early detection of nitrification and assist water systems in economically minimizing negative impacts of nitrification by reducing the quantity of water wasted for distribution system flushing. Dr. Ashley Pifer will lead this research funded jointly by Dallas Water Utilities, the City of Houston, and WRF. She will work with researchers from the University of Arkansas for conducting initial laboratory experiments and will also lead field-scale evaluations at Dallas and Houston water distribution systems. Research will begin this summer and will develop new nitrification sensor packages based on fluorescence

Nagendrappa, G. and Urs, S. Subramanya Raj (1999) Chloramine-T with iodine: A new reagent to determine the iodine value of edible oils. Part II. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY, 76 (8). pp. 1001-1002. ...

Description: Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) are uremic toxins created during oxidative stress through the reaction of plasma proteins with chlorinated oxidants such as chloramines or hypochlorous acid. AOPP levels are elevated in patients with renal complications, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis, as well as HIV-positive patients. Our OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit provides a convenient method to assess oxidative stress. The kit includes a Chloramine standard and an AOPP Human Serum Albumin conjugate for use as a positive control ...

The Ideal H2O Catalytic Reverse Osmosis Systems offers the most absolute chlorine and chloramine reduction. Reverse osmosis is one of the most cost effective and efficient ways to remove the majority of all contaminants from your water. Ideal H2O Catalytic Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration Systems produce up to 600 gallons per day of ultra-pure, low parts per million (PPM) water. While removing more than 98% of chlorine and all other contaminates, the Ideal H2O Systems also uses a 1:1 ratio of clean water 80% of chloramines to water waste. Proudly assembled in the U.S.A ...

Least expensive absolute filter on the market as it is cleanable and reusable for up 60 times. Backwash capable, self-sterilized, no bacteria grow through as encountered in most all synthetic membranes.. 4 stage Full Spectrum elements: Used in all pressure filters with ATS ion exchange medium incorporated into the carbon block for heavy metal reduction. Economical four stage filtration available in candle and cartridge style.. The 6 stage cartridge is for city water where there is fluoride and chloramines.. Stage One: Washable sub-micron ceramic pre-filter (to 0.3 microns). Stage Two: Ceramic impregnated with silver which kills bacteria and cysts on contact. Stage Three: Ion exchange resin for removal of lead and heavy metals. Stage Four: Compressed carbon block to remove chemicals, chlorine, VOCs, THMs and bad tastes. Stage Five and Six special media to remove over 92% of fluoride and 99% of chloramines. It also has an automatic shut-off point where if after the cartridge is washed and the ...

This is a risk many of us take with out realizing what we are doing. If you read a number of assassination books, the use of house hold cleaners is in most of them. One talks about a mixture in the air conditioning and heating vents in your vehicle. As you drive away the mixture puts you in a respiratory problem, and it is possible that you will crash or even die from the exposure alone. Part of your advance manual should have this information in it. When checking areas before the protectee arrives, items like cleaning fluid storage as well as fertilizer storage should be noted. Normal levels of products are to be expected, but any mixing or poor storage should be dealt with ...

ILO: International Labour Organization - The International Labour Organization is the UN specialized agency which seeks the promotion of social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights

1. De Waele JJ, Kaplan M, Sugrue M, Sibaja P, Björck M. How to deal with an open abdomen? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(4):372-378. 2. Chen Y, Junger WG. Measurement of oxidative burst in neutrophils. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 844:115-124. 3. Bokoch GM, Zhao T. Regulation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase by Rac GTPase. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8(9-10):1533-1548.. 4. Dychdala GR. Chlorine and chlorine compounds. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1991;131-151.. 5. Armstrong DG, Bohn G, Glat P, et al. Expert recommendations for the use of hypochlorous solution: science and clinical application. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2015;61(5):S2-S19.. 6. Wang L, Bassiri M, Najafi R, et al. Hypochlorous acid as a potential wound care agent: part I. Stabilized hypochlorous acid: a component of the inorganic armamentarium of innate immunity. J Burns Wounds. 2007;6:e5.. 7. Nerandzic MM, Rackaityte E, Jury LA, Eckart K, Donskey CJ. Novel ...

A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.

Our senses dull as we age; we dont see as well, hear as well, or smell or taste as well. Insights from aging in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans connect oxidative damage of potassium channels to this process. The potassium channel KVS-1 is present in the worms nervous system and in the ASE neurons that mediate the chemotactic response to food substances. Cai and Sesti found that, in a reconstituted system, KVS-1s electrophysiological properties were altered by oxidation (application of chloramine T or hydrogen peroxide). Oxidation increased KVS-1 conductance, which would decrease the excitability of the neuron, a change that was due to Cys113, because a C113S mutant channel was resistant to oxidation-mediated changes in electrophysiological properties. By expressing either the wild-type KVS-1 channel or the C113S-KVS-1 channel in kvs-1-knockout worms, the authors showed that the loss of chemotactic response due to exposure to oxidants was much more pronounced in the worms expressing wild-type ...

The Simple Clean incorporates Chlorgon & catalytic activated medias to address tastes, odors, DOCs*, and free chlorine and chloramine in water. A simple clean filter will work with any water softener or as a stand alone filter. Drink, bate & shower in high quality filtered water. You can choose to either BE a FILTER or BUY a FILTER!. Intermountain Soft Water is committed to providing you with the very best water at the very best price. The Simplicity series of home water improvement solutions gives you simple solutions to complex water problems-Simple to choose, simple to own, simple to maintain, and easy to afford. Since you already own a water softener, nobody needs to tell you that soft water is the best first step to take in protecting your home and your family from the inorganic metals and minerals that are found in hard city water. Hardness minerals and chlorine not only attack appliances and fixtures, but they also can cause damage to skin and hair. Skin can lose natural moisture & ...

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of sulfanilic acid by N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide (chloramine-T) have been studied in acid medium. The species of chloramine-T were analysed on the basis of experimental observations and predominantly reactive species was taken into account for proposition of most plausible reaction mechanism. The derived rate law (1) conforms to such a mechanism. (1) All kinetic parameters were evaluated. Activation parameters such as energy and entropy of activation were calculated to be (61.67 ± 0.47) kJ mol1 and (62.71 ± 2.48) JK1mol1 respectively employing Eyring equation ...

What do IBD patients use to remove chlorine, chloramine & ammonia from drinking water? Am thinking that if Im taking VSL#3 and drinking lots of tap water each day, the VSL or other probiotics might be killed off. I know that chlorine gas will evaporate if water is allowed to sit for an hour or so, but what is used to remove chlorine & ammonia? Rose

Goldsboros public utilities director says a decision to stop putting fluoride in city water is a temporary measure pending testing by state authorities. The injection of fluoride into the citys water was halted June 30, said Karen Brashear, who cited a recent study released by a doctor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville that prompted the decision. The study indicated potential problems for lead contamination when fluoridated water interacted with chloramines. Ms. Brashear emphasized that no evidence of a problem has been found in the citys water system but that city officials wanted to take the precautionary measure until more information can be obtained. Even though we havent seen evidence, were in compliance with all lead sampling that we have done, just to be on the safe side we have discontinued the fluoride feed pending oversight by other scientists, she said. We thought we would be more conservative and discontinue use until were more informed. Mrs. Brashear said she ...

Buy online Seachem Prime 500ml (17 oz) Prime is the complete and concentrated conditioner for both fresh and salt water. Prime removes chlorine, chloramine and ammonia.

Buy online Seachem Pond Prime 2 Liters (67.6 oz) is a complete conditioner that removes chlorine, chloramine, and detoxifies ammonia and nitrite. It also provides essential ions and stimulates natural slime coat.

To effectively practice the TFPC methods, the FAS/DPD chlorine test is essential. All these kits contain that test while very few other kits do. It is very difficult to find these kits locally....internet ordering is your best bet. If you find a kit locally, it is extremely important it contains the FAS/DPD chlorine test (and not the DPD chlorine test found in the Taylor K-2005 which is quite different1). Pool store testing and test strips will not be adequate if you want to learn and practice TFPC. We ardently teach that you do your own testing and that you possess the all-important FAS/DPD test. Videos showing the tests performed can be found HERE (http://www.youtube.com/user/tf100testkit?feature=results_main). TFTestkits TF-502Taylor K-2006 / Leslies 81329TFTestkits TF-1002Taylor K-2006C3LaMotte 70223Chlorine FAS/DPD~35 tests~25 tests~70 tests~70 tests~70 testsCombined Chloramines~100 tests~100 tests~100 tests~100 tests~100 testsChlorine OTONONO~100 tests4NONOpH TestNO~100 tests~100

When bleach is mixed with acids (typically found in toilet bowl cleaners), it reacts with them to form chlorine gas. When it is mixed with ammonia, it can create chloramine gas, another toxic substance.. In the environment, sodium hypochlorite is acutely toxic to fish. The chlorine in bleach can also bind with organic material in the marine environment to form organochlorines, toxic compounds that can persist in the environment. There may be some circumstances where bleach use is necessary for disease control, but there is little need for it on a regular basis. Tests have shown that washing counters and other surfaces with soap and water removes most bacteria and there are a number of oxygen-based alternatives for laundry uses of bleach.. Phosphates ...

After pumping the water from MWRA, Northborough is responsible for delivering the water to our customers. This water has received primary treatment from MWRA. Before the water is pumped to our storage tanks, it receives secondary disinfection in the form of chlorine and ammonia, which react in the water to form chloramine. The Water Division maintains over 70 miles of distribution pipelines, over 520 fire hydrants and services 3,922 accounts. In 2003, the Town of Northborough Water Department treated and distributed 346 million gallons of water to Northborough customers. As part of the Departments routine maintenance program, the Department flushes the entire system to remove sediment and other debris. Additionally, we perform leak detection semi-annually. Improvements ...

The Selecto QC350-F Fountain Use Filtration System is designed to reduce chloramine, chlorine, taste, odor, and cysts in fountain beverage, juice, coffee, and tea applications. The QC350-F housing is constructed of polypropylene, and utilizes hollow carbon filter media to provide a flow rate of 1.7 gallons per minute.

• Heavy Metals Are Toxic To All Tropical Fish When Tap Water Is Used In The Aquarium.• This Product Treats Tap Water and Detoxifies Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Other Heavy Metals Found In Tap Water Supplies.• Also Removes Chlorine.• Breaks Chloramines Bonds.

The 3M Cuno DF290-CL Dual Flow Water Filtration System provides two streams that separately serve cold beverages and ice machines. This water filter system utilizes 0.2 nominal micron filtration to reduce cysts, bacteria, sediment, chloramine, chlorine, and scale build-up.

Vitamin C VitaShower SF-2000, VitaBath remove chlorine and chloramine from shower or bath water, using pharmaceutical grade non GMO certified organic Vitamin C

STRESS COAT, with the healing power of aloe vera, is scientifically proven to reduce fish stress and heal damaged tissue. It forms a synthetic slime coating and replaces the natural secretion of slime that is interrupted by handling, shipping, fish fighting, or other forms of stress. Helps reduce susceptibility to disease and infection. Helps heal torn fins and skin wounds. Reduces electrolyte loss. Also works instantly to remove chlorine, chloramines and ammonia from tap water. Neutralizes heavy metals. Use when starting a new aquarium, adding or changing water and adding fish. Scientifically proven to reduce fish stress by 40%. Scientifically proven to heal wounds and promote regeneration of damaged fish tissue.

API Ammo Lock Ammonia Detoxifier for Aquariums Aquarium Water Conditioners Ammo Lock works instantly to detoxify ammonia produced by fish waste, and remove chlorine and chloramine from tap water, while eliminating ammonia stress and protecting healthy gill function. Scientifically proven to prot...

Finally, a totally organic way to rid your life of nasty chlorine and chloramine in your shower. Our Sonaki SBH-114 Waffle Rain Handheld Vitamin C Shower Filter - it is makes your shower like a organic, pure spring water, heavenly spa. Softer Skin and Silky, Shiny Hair, and Improved Overall Health Guaranteed! Our Son

Quick, easy and convenient way to fill your bathtub with clean water - without chlorine and/or chloramine that are detrimental to you health.

If you need an innovative way to care for Betta fish, then you should consider the BettaSafe Kit from Tetra. It has Fizz Tab Water Conditioner, which ensures tap water will be safe for your fish. It will remove chlorine, chloramine and heavy metals.. This product is easy to use, making it ideal for beginners. They do not have to worry about measuring or it creating a mess, as dropping one tablet will treat two gallons of water. The box includes 8 tablets.. ...

STRESS COAT® STRESS COAT makes tap water safe and contains the healing power of Aloe Vera, scientifically proven to reduce fish stress and heal damaged tissue. Benefits: Makes tap water safe; removes chlorine and chloramines from tap water Prov

AmGuard™ safely, rapidly and efficiently removes toxic free ammonia. It is safe to use during tank cycling and is ideal for treating unexpected emergency situations. AmGuard™ reacts with free ammonia within minutes and does not alter pH. Ammonia can exist in two forms: free and ionized. It is only the free form that is toxic. Traditional ammonia test kits convert all ammonia to free ammonia by raising pH to 12-14; at this pH no ammonia removing product can function, and thus a false positive reading will result. Use Ammonia Alert™ or MultiTest™: Free & Total Ammonia to directly monitor levels of free ammonia. AmGuard™ also removes chlorine and chloramines ...

The Starter Kit readies your pond for anytime of the year at a discounted package deal! Includes: 2 Bottles of Beneficial Bacteria- Jump starts your ponds biological ecosystem 1 Bottle of Chloramine Buster- safely removes chlorine and amonia 1 Box of Organic Water Soluble Bacteria Packets (6 4oz packets)- clarifies wat

MICROBE Life Hydroponics Microbe Life Dechlorinator + Quart (12/Cs) Microbe Life Dechlorinator+ A full function water conditioner that will neutralize chlorine and destroy chloramines while adding essential electrolytes and alkalinity boosters (acid neutralizing). Formulated with R/O and UV sterilized water. MICROBE Life Hydroponics: Microbe Life Dechlorinator + Quart (12/Cs) [717675] - Nutrients & Supplements - Gardening & Hydroponics Store -

Ammo-Lock by PondCare Removes Chlorine and Chloramines from Tap and Well Water. High Ammonia Levels Can Be Very Stressful for Your Koi. AmmoLock Instantly Detoxifies Ammonia.

Prime® is the complete plus concentrated conditioner for both fresh plus salt water. Prime® removes chlorine, chloramine plus ammonia. Prime®

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory for Water Quality and Treatment & Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag, Switzerland), Department of Environmental Chemistry Thesis: Formation of N -nitrosodimethylamine during water disinfection with chloramine: Insights into reaction mechanisms from isotope fractionation analyses. Advisors: Prof. Urs von Gunten, PD Dr. Thomas Hofstetter. ...

Test Results for the Following: * Ammonia Level (tank): 1ppm * Nitrite Level (tank) 0 * Nitrate level (Tank) 0 * Ph Level, (Tank) (If possible, KH, GH and chloramines) 6.5, 0, 0 Other Required Info: * Brand of test-kit used and whether strips or drops? API 5-in-1 strips, and API drops for NH3 and NH4 * What is the name and size of the filter(s)? 2 filters, 55 and 45 gal hangy ones (sorry, Im too scattered to remember!) * What kind of water additives or conditioners? Aqueon water conditioner * Water temperature? room temp, no heater * How often do you change the water and how much? Weekly, 20% * How many days ago was the last water change and how much did you change? Today * Tank size (how many gals.) and how long has it been running? 55gal, four weeks * How many fish in the tank and their size? 2 fancy goldfish, 3-4 from nose to tail * What do you feed your fish and how often? once or twice daily, a small amount * Any new fish added to the tank? no * Any medications added to the tank? * List ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980339 Pathways for the Decay of Organic Dichloramines and Liberation of Antimicrobial Chloramine Gases. Coker MS, Hu WP, Senthilmohan ST, Kettle AJ. Free Radical Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Syft Technologies Ltd., P.O. Box 28-149, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand…

Sastry, L. V. L. and Mayura, K. and Prasannappa, G. (1969) Limitations of chloramine and albuminoid ammonia values for evaluating fruit juices and beverages. Indian Food Packer, 23 (5). 5-8, 7 ref.. Sastry, M. C. S. and Srinivasan, K. S. and Rajagopalan, R. (1969) Studies on the dehulling and screw pressing of soybean to obtain optimally processed soyflour. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 6 (3). 189-191, 13 ref.. Shamanthaka Sastry, M. C. and Subramanian, N. and Rajagopalan, R. (1969) Studies on the wet dehulling of sesame seed to obtain superior grade protein concentrates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 46 (11). 592A,594A-596A, 14 ref.. Shamanthaka Sastry, M. C. and Subramanian, N. and Rajagopalan, R. (1969) Studies on wet dehulling of sesame to obtain superior grade protein concentrates. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 46. 592A-594A, 596A. Shivashankar, S. and Dhanaraj, S. and Mathew, A. G. and Srinivasa Murthy, S. and Vyasamurthy, M. N. and ...