The Chlamydiaceae are a family of bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiae, order Chlamydiales. All Chlamydiaceae species are Gram-negative and express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo-(2→8)-αKdo-(2→4)-αKdo (previously called the genus-specific epitope). Chlamydiaceae ribosomal RNA genes all have at least 90% DNA sequence identity. Chlamydiaceae species have varying inclusion morphology, varying extrachromosomal plasmid content, and varying sulfadiazine resistance. The Chlamydiaceae family currently includes two genera and one candidate genus: Chlamydia, Chlamydophila, and candidatus Clavochlamydia. Three species belong to Chlamydia: C. trachomatis, C. muridarum, and C. suis. C. trachomatis has been found only in humans, C. muridarum in hamsters and mice (family Muridae), and C. suis in swine. Chlamydia species produce a small amount of detectable glycogen and have two ribosomal operons. C. trachomatis is the cause of an infection commonly transmitted sexually ...

article{8506862, abstract = {The porcine pathogen Chlamydia suis is widespread in pig farming. Isolation of Chlamydia suis in cell culture is crucial for the generation and characterization of new isolates. However, isolation of Chlamydia suis strains from field samples is fastidious. Therefore, we exploited high-content microscopy to quantify the growth of Chlamydia suis strains in different cell lines. We found that the cell line yielding optimal propagation of Chlamydia suis differed among isolates, and we identified cell lines outperforming those routinely used for chlamydial isolation. We conclude that adaptation of the propagation procedure to the origin of the putative field isolate is highly recommended to improve the recovery rate.}, author = {De Puysseleyr, Leentje and De Puysseleyr, Kristien and Vanrompay, Daisy and De Vos, Winnok}, issn = {1059-910X}, journal = {MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE}, keyword = {Chlamydia,cell culture,high-content microscopy,isolation,swine,GNOTOBIOTIC ...

Domain architectures containing the following SCOP superfamilies _gap_,90257 in Waddlia chondrophila WSU 86-1044. Domain architectures illustrate each occurrence of _gap_,90257.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Amplification primers and methods for specific amplification and detection of a rnpB gene sequence are disclosed. The primer-target binding sequences are useful for amplification and detection of organisms of the Chlamydiaceae family in a variety of amplification and detection reactions.

The aims of this study were twofold: (i) to test for possible associations between serological evidence of acute Simkania negevensis (Sn) infection and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmon

F.R. Rurangirwa, P.M. Dilbeck, T.B. Crawford, T.C. McGuire and T.F. McElwain: Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of micro-organism WSU 86-1044 from an aborted bovine foetus reveals that it is a member of the order Chlamydiales: proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov. International Journal for Systematical Bacteriology 49: 577-581 (1999 ...

Baud, D., Regan, L. & Greub, G. (2008). Emerging role of Chlamydia and Chlamydia-like organisms in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Feb; 21 (1): 70 - 76.. Baud, D., Thomas, V., Arafa A., Regan, L. & Greub, G. (2007). Waddlia chondrophila, a potential agent of human fetal death. Emerg Infect Dis 13(8), 1239 - 1243. Full paper (html). Bodett, T. J., Viggers, K., Warren, K., Swan, R., Conaghty, S., Sims, C. et al. (2003). Wide range of Chlamydiale types detected in native Australian mammals. Vet Microbiol. 96, 177 - 187.. Borel N. et al., (2006). Chlamydia-related abortions in cattle from Graubunden, Switzerland. Vet Pathol 43 (5), 702 - 708.. Borel N, Ruhl S, Casson N, Kaiser C, Pospischil A, Greub G. (2007). Parachlamydia spp. and related Chlamydia-like organisms and bovine abortion. Emerg Infect Dis. Full paper (html). Chua, K. B. (2003). A novel approach for collecting samples from fruit bats for isolation of infectious agents. Microbes and Infection 5, 487 - ...

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

Penguins are quite fearful of Skuas for good reason. On Macquarie Island, the most successful Gentoo Penguin nests are the ones located around the buildings of the research base. Gentoos have learned that Skuas dont like people and the feeling is mutual so their chicks are safer from predation, simply because more humans are present around the base.. Utilising a wicked combination of a sharp bill, alongside reptilian feet that are a weird evolutionary cross between webbing (for swimming) and talons (for hunting), its needless to say Skuas are not the most loved birds in the world.. The Light Side. Yet from a distance I actually quite like Skuas. Ive watched Brown Skuas perform the most stunning aerial acrobatics trying to catch food when Ive been at sea. Ive also watched Pomarine Skuas performing similar acrobatics when theyve tried to grab bits of caribou fur from living caribou to line their nests. All of these manoeuvres are performed with wings in the air and mouths open in a display ...

Examines relationships between characteristics and location of nesting sites within breeding colony, age structure, and short- and long-term reproductive output of breeders in colony at Bird Island, South Georgia, from 2004-06. Peripheral breeders perform considerably less well than core breeders, but nest position was not related to adult age. Timing of failure was affected by nest position, with peripheral nests significantly more likely than core nests to fail during chick rearing stage. Results suggest that predation by brown skuas and giant petrels is main cause of failure, as predators target more accessible nests on periphery of colonies. This behavior could potentially expose greater proportion of birds to predation if colony sizes diminish in tandem with decline in albatross populations currently being observed worldwide. ...

Bacteria of the Chlamydiales order are known abortive agents, therefore cases of bovine abortion from three representative regions of Switzerland were investigated in this study. Particularly Chlamydiaceae as well as the Chlamydia-like organisms Waddlia and Parachlamydia were of interest, especially because of their possible zoonotic potential. Placenta samples (n=343) were tested for these bacteria by different PCR-methods, immunohistochemistry and serology for Chlamydia (C.) abortus. In 67.3% of the 343 cases a necrotizing and/or purulent placentitis was found histologically. By real-time PCR, 0.9% (3/343) of the cases were positive for Waddlia, 13.4% (46/343) positive for Parachlamydia and 14.6% (50/343) positive or questionable positive for Chlamydiaceae. Of these samples, confirmation by immunohistochemistry was possible in 2/3 cases for Waddlia, 25/46 for Parachlamydia and 4/50 for Chlamydiaceae. Of the 50 cases positive or questionable positive for Chlamydiaceae, species-identification by ...

Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness. Commercial assays do not discriminate among all Chlamydiaceae species that might be involved in trachoma. We investigated whether a commercial Micro-ArrayTube could discriminate Chlamydiaceae species in DNA extracted directly from conjunctival samples from 101 trachoma patients in Nepal. To evaluate organism viability, we extracted RNA, reverse transcribed it, and subjected it to quantitative real-time PCR. We found that 71 (70.3%) villagers were infected. ArrayTube sensitivity was 91.7% and specificity was 100% compared with that of real-time PCR. Concordance between genotypes detected by microarray and ompA genotyping was 100%. Species distribution included 54 (76%) single infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci, C. suis, or C. pecorum, and 17 (24%) mixed infections that includied C. pneumoniae. Ocular infections were caused by 5 Chlamydiaceae species. Additional studies of trachoma pathogenesis involving Chlamydiaceae species other

Species account of Habitats Directive species 1349, Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. The Habitats Directive: selection of Special Areas of Conservation in the UK, second edition, JNCC (2002)

Bottlenose dolphins have widely spaced eyes, relatively long flippers, a rounded forehead (called a melon), a relatively short, broad snout, and a mouth that seems permanently twisted into a grin. Inside the mouth are as many as 100 teeth. Highly social, bottlenose dolphins often swim in groups of several hundred individuals, and are famous for racing alongside watercraft. Some stay in coastal waters and others swim offshore. In the Atlantic, the coastal dolphins feed mostly on sea trout, croakers, and spot. The offshore population follows the Gulf Stream and feeds on deep-water fish and squid. Three different populations have been identified in the North Pacific: a temperate-water group, a tropical-water group, and a coastal group ...

Here, we present protocols that have been successfully used for dolphin spermatozoa collection, cryopreservation, and heterologous IVF...

Although many species have proven capable of cooperating to achieve common goals, the role of communication in cooperation has received relatively little a

There is growing awareness of underwater noise in a variety of marine habitats, and how such noise may adversely affect marine species. This is of particular concern for acoustically-specialised species, such as dolphins. In order to ascertain the potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on these animals, baseline information is required for defining the soundscape of dolphin habitats. The Swan-Canning River system in Western Australia flows through the city of Perth, and experiences numerous anthropogenic activities. Despite this, the river system is home to a community of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus). To provide a baseline soundscape description of dolphin habitat, over 11,600 h of acoustic data were analysed from five sites within the Swan River (from Fremantle Inner Harbour to 20 km upstream) across an eight-year period. Multiple sound sources were recorded at these sites, including: snapping shrimp; fishes; dolphins; pile-driving; bridge and road traffic; and vessel

Purpose : To investigate the effects on Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) knockout and 1,25- and 24,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D3) on cultured mouse corneal epithelial cell proliferation and on the Vit D activating enzyme CYP27B1 and inactivating enzyme CYP24A1. We also examined effects of vitamin D on mouse corneal epithelial intracellular calcium levels. Methods : Cultured mouse corneal epithelial cell (MCEC) proliferation was measured by reduction of MTT, which corresponds to the living cell number and metabolic activity. Total RNA and protein were isolated from mouse corneas and cultured mouse primary corneal epithelial cells. Transcript levels of CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 were assessed by qPCR, and Western blotting was used to detect CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 protein levels. Corneal epithelial calcium levels were recorded in excised, ex vivo mouse corneas using the calcium-sensitive dye Cal-520® and multi-photon microscopy. Results : 24,25-Vit D3 (50 nM) significantly increased proliferation in corneal ...

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) produce individually identifiable calls called signature whistles. Using underwater acoustic recorders off the coast of Maryland, USA, in the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay, Bailey et al. found a total of 1,518 unique signature whistles. This indicates the minimum number of dolphins that occurred within the study area during 2016-2018. There were reoccurrences of the same signature whistles across years and sites, indicating site fidelity as well as movement of bottlenose dolphins between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic coast off Maryland. These results, published in the August issue of Ecosphere, can help inform management of this protected species.. Ecosphere ...

Mots-cl s BDSP : Gonococcie, Bact riose, Infection, Bact rie, Pr valence, Programme sant , Diagnostic, Examen s rologique, Evaluation, Th rapeutique, D pistage, Communaut , Australie, Oc anie, Homme, Maladie sexuellement transmissible, Pr vention, Th rapeutique m dicamenteuse. Mots-cl s Pascal : Gonococcie, Bact riose, Infection, Chlamydia, Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydiales, Bact rie, Pr valence, Programme sanitaire, Diagnostic, Etude transversale, R action cha ne polym rase, S rologie, Evaluation, Traitement, Aborig ne, Crit re ge, D pistage, Communaut , Australie, Oc anie, Homme, Maladie sexuellement transmissible, Organisation sant , Pr vention, Biologie mol culaire, Chimioth rapie. Mots-cl s Pascal anglais : Gonococcal infection, Bacteriosis, Infection, Chlamydia, Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydiales, Bacteria, Prevalence, Sanitary program, Diagnosis, Cross sectional study, Polymerase chain reaction, Serology, Evaluation, Treatment, Aboriginal, Age criterion, Medical screening, Community, Australia, ...

Wheelhouse, N., Flockhart, A., Aitchison, K., Livingstone, M., Finlayson, J., Flachon, V., …Longbottom, D. (2016). Experimental challenge of pregnant cattle with the putative abortifacient Waddlia chondrophila. Scientific Reports. 6, 37150. doi:10.1038/srep37150. ISSN 2045-2322. ...

Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; PVC group; Chlamydiae; Chlamydiia; Chlamydiales; Chlamydiaceae; Chlamydia/Chlamydophila group; Chlamydia; Chlamydia ...

Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; PVC group; Chlamydiae; Chlamydiia; Chlamydiales; Chlamydiaceae; Chlamydia/Chlamydophila group; Chlamydia; Chlamydia ...

Cotten, P.B., Piscitelli, M.A., McLellan W.A., Rommel S.A., Dearolf J.L., and D.A. Pabst.2008. The gross morphology and histochemistry of respiratory muscles in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Morphology. 269:1520-1538.. Etnier, S. F., W. A. McLellan, J. Blum, and D. A. Pabst. 2008. Ontogenetic changes in the structural stiffness of the tailstock of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Experimental Biology. 211:3205-3213. Harper, C.J., McLellan, W.A., Rommel, S.A., Gay, D.M., Dillaman, R.M. and D.A. Pabst. 2008. Morphology of the melon and its tendinous connections to the facial muscles in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Morphology. 269:820-839.. Meagher, E.M., McLellan, W.A., Westgate, A.J., Wells, R.S., Blum, J.E., Pabst, D.A. 2008. Seasonal patterns of heat loss in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 178:529-543. Rommel, S.A., A.M. Costidis, A.J.F. Fernandez, P.D. Jepson, D.A. Pabst, W.A. ...

Chlamydia infection (from the Greek, χλαμύδα meaning cloak) is a common sexually transmitted infection in humans caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The term Chlamydia infection can also refer to infection caused by any species belonging to the bacterial family Chlamydiaceae. C. trachomatis is found only in humans. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human genital and eye disease. Chlamydia infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide; it is estimated that about 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with chlamydia. ...

Mississippi designated the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) as the official state water mammal in 1974; common along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

Tezanos-Pinto, G., Constantine, R., Brooks, L., Jackson, J. A., Mourão, F., Wells, S., & C. Baker, S.. (2013). Decline in local abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science, 29(4), E390-E410. doi:10.1111/mms. ...

Tezanos-Pinto, G., Constantine, R., Brooks, L., Jackson, J. A., Mourão, F., Wells, S., & C. Baker, S.. (2013). Decline in local abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science, 29(4), E390-E410. doi:10.1111/mms. ...

Recent taxonomic analysis using the 16S and 23S rRNA genes have found that the order Chlamydiales contains at least four distinct groups at the family level and that within the order Chlamydiaceae are two distinct lineages. Chlamydiae also share a group-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen and utilize host adenosine triphosphate for the synthesis of chlamydial protein. Beatty and coworkers demonstrated that the addition of 0.2 ng/ml of IFN-γ inhibited intracellular growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in HeLa cells by induction of the indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, leading to a persistent state. The development of large aberrant reticulate body (RB) forms combined with the absence of elementary bodies (EBs) was characteristic of persistent C. trachomatis infection. C. pneumoniae is a common human respiratory pathogen, affecting all ages with a worldwide distribution. While C. pneumoniae appears to be clearly associated with asthma exacerbations, it has also been hypothesized to have a role in asthma

Memorandum of Understanding concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia. ...

Read this full essay on Communication and Social Behavior in the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolph. Introduction Social behavior in mammals other than humans has a...

Learn about the veterinary topic of Overview of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.

Small coastal dolphins endemic to south-eastern Australia have variously been assigned to described species Tursiops truncatus, T. aduncus or T. maugeanus; however the specific affinities of these animals is controversial and have recently been questioned. Historically the southern Australian Tursiops was identified as unique and was formally named Tursiops maugeanus but was later synonymised with T. truncatus. Morphologically, these coastal dolphins share some characters with both aforementioned recognised Tursiops species, but they also possess unique characters not found in either. Recent mtDNA and microsatellite genetic evidence indicates deep evolutionary divergence between this dolphin and the two currently recognised Tursiops species. However, in accordance with the recommendations of the Workshop on Cetacean Systematics, and the Unified Species Concept the use of molecular evidence alone is inadequate for describing new species. Here we describe the macro-morphological, colouration and cranial

Definition : Molecular assay reagents intended to identify Chlamydophila pneumoniae, a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae, by detecting specific genetic information of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) of the target bacteria. These bacteria may cause respiratory infections and mild atypical pneumonia.. Entry Terms : Chlamydophila pneumoniae Detection/Identification Reagents , Chlamydophila Species Detection/Identification Reagents , Reagents, Molecular Assay, Infection, Bacteria, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, RRNA. UMDC code : 21528 ...

Since 1996, the OCS research team has studied bottlenose dolphins inhabiting Los Angeles waters, California, focusing primarily on the coastal population (see publications). We have found these animals to be present in the area year-round using the Santa Monica Bay and adjacent coastline mostly for feeding on bottom fish. Our past research shows that this area is an important foraging hotspot for this coastal dolphin population.. Since 1996, our research team has also carried out a long-term study on the offshore population of bottlenose dolphins in California, collecting data on these animals up to 40 miles from shore. This is a challenging task considering the logistical difficulties of recording data on these pelagic and wide-ranging animals!. In 2009, our scientists published a scientific paper entitled Ecology and comparison of coastal and offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in California. Results from this investigation highlighted the need for more studies on this offshore ...

ABSTRACT: An unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus of all size classes stranding along coastal Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, USA, started in early 2010 and continued into 2014. During this northern Gulf of Mexico UME, a distinct cluster of perinatal dolphins (total body length ,115 cm) stranded in Mississippi and Alabama during 2011. The proportion of annual dolphin strandings that were perinates between 2009 and 2013 were compared to baseline strandings (2000-2005). A case-reference study was conducted to compare demographics, histologic lesions, and Brucella sp. infection prevalence in 69 UME perinatal dolphins to findings from 26 reference perinates stranded in South Carolina and Florida outside of the UME area. Compared to reference perinates, UME perinates were more likely to have died in utero or very soon after birth (presence of atelectasis in 88 vs. 15%, p , 0.0001), have fetal distress (87 vs. 27%, p , 0.0001), and have ...

HinT proteins are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and belong to the superfamily of HIT proteins, which are characterized by an histidine-triad sequence motif. While the eukaryotic variants hydrolyze AMP derivates and modulate transcription, the function of prokaryotic HinT proteins is less clearly defined. In Mycoplasma hominis, HinT is concomitantly expressed with the proteins P60 and P80, two domains of a surface exposed membrane complex, and in addition interacts with the P80 moiety. An cluster of hit ABL genes, similar to that of M. hominis was found in M. pulmonis, M. mycoides subspecies mycoides SC, M. mobile and Mesoplasma florum. RT-PCR analyses provided evidence that the P80, P60 and HinT homologues of M. pulmonis were polycistronically organized, suggesting a genetic and physical interaction between the proteins encoded by these genes in these species. While the hit loci of M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium encoded, in addition to HinT, a protein with several transmembrane segments, the hit

Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that can cause significant disease among a broad range of hosts. In humans, this organism may cause psittacosis, a respiratory disease that can spread to involve multiple organs, and in rare untreated cases may be fatal. There are ten known genotypes based on sequencing the major outer-membrane protein gene, ompA, of C. psittaci. Each genotype has overlapping host preferences and virulence characteristics. Recent studies have compared C. psittaci among other members of the Chlamydiaceae family and showed that this species frequently switches hosts and has undergone multiple genomic rearrangements. In this study, we sequenced five genomes of C. psittaci strains representing four genotypes, A, B, D and E. Due to the known association of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and polymorphic outer-membrane proteins (Pmps) with host tropism and virulence potential, we performed a comparative analysis of these elements among these five strains ...

A virus similar to measles in humans is being blamed for the deaths of hundreds of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins.. Experts at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration say the Morbillivirus infects the lungs and the brain, causes pneumonia and abnormal behaviour, and is often fatal.. The outbreak has killed 333 bottlenose dolphins in the mid-Atlantic region since July, and may last for a year, possibly being worse than an outbreak 25 years ago which killed more than 740 animals.. Teri Rowles of the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program says experts are worried about a repeat of those deaths.. We are expecting that if indeed this plays out the way that die-off occurred, that we are looking at mortality being higher and morbillivirus spreading southward and likely continuing until spring of 2014, she said.. Nine times the average number of dolphins have washed up along the shores of the east coast this summer.. Most of the dolphins found on beaches have ...

ID DNAA2_CHLTR Reviewed; 455 AA. AC O84277; DT 01-JUN-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-NOV-1998, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 104. DE RecName: Full=Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA 2; GN Name=dnaA2; OrderedLocusNames=CT_275; OS Chlamydia trachomatis (strain D/UW-3/Cx). OC Bacteria; Chlamydiae; Chlamydiales; Chlamydiaceae; OC Chlamydia/Chlamydophila group; Chlamydia. OX NCBI_TaxID=272561; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=D/UW-3/Cx; RX PubMed=9784136; DOI=10.1126/science.282.5389.754; RA Stephens R.S., Kalman S., Lammel C.J., Fan J., Marathe R., Aravind L., RA Mitchell W.P., Olinger L., Tatusov R.L., Zhao Q., Koonin E.V., RA Davis R.W.; RT Genome sequence of an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans: RT Chlamydia trachomatis.; RL Science 282:754-759(1998). CC -!- FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the initiation and regulation CC of chromosomal replication. Binds to the origin of replication; it CC binds ...

After 27 years, scientists finally appear to have unraveled most of the mystery surrounding a very enterprising group of (primarily) female bottlenose dolphins (tursiops aduncus) who live in Shark Bay, off the coast of Western Australia. The story opens in 1984, when observers first noticed that some of the Shark Bay dolphins were breaking off…

The Lando® dermal scaffold is a newly developed, tissue-engineered dermal scaffold material. This study sought to observe its vascularization in an acute full-thickness skin-defect porcine model. There were eight Tibetan pigs in this research. Six 5 × 5 cm full-thickness skin-defect wounds were prepared on the dorsal area of each pig, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group wounds were covered by Lando® dermal scaffolds, while the other received Vaseline gauzes as blank control. At day 3, 7, 14 and 21 after injury, the general condition of wounds was observed, and wound specimens were obtained for HE staining, Masson staining and the expression of CD31, α-SMA and VEGF, which were examined by immunohistochemistry ...

Looking for SIGMA-ALDRICH Hydroxy 3 Methylbutyric Acid,1g (45ZT71)? Graingers got your back. Price:$88.00. Easy ordering & convenient delivery. Log-in or register for your pricing.

A kéztőalagút a csuklóban elhelyezkedő keskeny, szűk, C alakú járat, melyet apró csontok és ínszalagok alkotnak. Az ujjak mozgását szabályozó ínak és...

Agazzi S., Bearzi G. 2005. Diet overlap between short-beaked common dolphins and large tuna in eastern Ionian Sea inshore waters: insight from scales of fish prey sampled during surface foraging. European Research on Cetaceans 19 (on CD-ROM).. Agazzi S., Bearzi G., Costa M., Bonizzoni S., Politi E. 2008. Abundance trend of short-beaked common dolphins in the eastern Ionian Sea: one of the lest central Mediterranean stocks is vanishing. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society. Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, 10-12 March 2008.. Agazzi S., Bearzi G., Politi E. 2004. Short-beaked common dolphin prey species in the eastern Ionian Sea: insight from fish scales sampled during surface foraging. European Research on Cetaceans 15:351-353.. Andrés C., Gonzalvo J. 2019. Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interaction with fish farms in the Gulf of Ambracia, Western Greece.. World Marine Mammal Conference WMMC. Barcelona (Spain) Dec 9-12. 2019. Bearzi G. 2000. ...

Chlamydiae is a unique bacterial evolutionary group that separated from other bacteria approximately a billion years ago.[9][10] The species from this group can be distinguished from all other bacteria by the presence of conserved indels in a number of proteins such as RNA polymerase alpha subunit, Gyrase B, Elongation factor-Tu and Elongation factor-P, and by large numbers of signature proteins that are uniquely present in different chlamydiae species.[11][12] Reports have varied as to whether Chlamydiae is related to Planctomycetales or Spirochaetes.[13][14] Genome sequencing, however, indicates that 11% of the genes in Candidatus Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25 and 4% in Chlamydiaceae are most similar to chloroplast, plant, and cyanobacterial genes.[10] However, phylogeny and shared presence of conserved indels in proteins such as RNA polymerase Beta subunit and lysyl-tRNA synthetase indicate that Verrucomicrobia are the closest free-living relatives of these parasitic organisms.[15] ...

Species of Chlamydia are the etiologic agent of endemic blinding trachoma, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, significant respiratory pathogens, and a zoonotic threat. Their dependence on an intracellular growth niche and their peculiar developmental cycle are major challenges to elucidating their biology and virulence traits. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in our ability to perform a molecular genetic analysis of Chlamydia species. Major achievements include the generation of large collections of mutant strains, now available for forward- and reverse-genetic applications, and the introduction of a system for plasmid-based transformation enabling complementation of mutations; expression of foreign, modified, or reporter genes; and even targeted gene disruptions. This review summarizes the current status of the molecular genetic toolbox for Chlamydia species and highlights new insights into their biology and new challenges in the nascent field of Chlamydia ...

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

Serkan zt rk, Mehmet zya ar, Selim Suzi Ayhan, Mehmet Fatih zl , Alim Erdem, Aytekin Al elik, Sel uk zt rk, Kemalettin Erdem, Mehmet Yaz c ...