Chitin deacetylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetamido groups of N-acetylglucosamine in chitin, has been purified to homogeneity from mycelial extracts of the fungus Mucor rouxii and further characterized. The enzyme exhibits a low pI (approximately 3). Its apparent molecular mass was determined to be approximately 75 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and approximately 80 kDa by size-exclusion chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme exists as a monomer. Carbohydrate analysis of purified chitin deacetylase revealed that the enzyme is a high-mannose glycoprotein and that its carbohydrate content is approximately 30% by weight. Chitin deacetylase is active on several chitinous substrates and chitin derivatives. The enzyme requires at least four N-acetylglucosamine residues (chitotetraose) for catalysis, and it is inhibited by carboxylic acids, particularly acetic acid. When glycol chitin (a water-soluble chitin derivative) was used as substrate, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of chitin particle size on maximum power generation, power longevity, and Coulombic efficiency in solid-substrate microbial fuel cells. AU - Rezaei, Farzaneh. AU - Richard, Tom L.. AU - Logan, Bruce E.. PY - 2009/7/15. Y1 - 2009/7/15. N2 - Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) produce bioelectricity from a wide variety of organic and inorganic substrates. Chitin can be used as a slowly degrading substrate in MFCs and thus as a long-term fuel to sustain power by these devices in remote locations. However, little is known about the effects of particle size on power density and length of the power cycle (longevity). We therefore examined power generation from chitin particles sieved to produce three average particle sizes (0.28, 0.46 and 0.78 mm). The longevity increased from 9 to 33 days with an increase in the particle diameter from 0.28 to 0.78 mm. Coulombic efficiency also increased with particle size from 18% to 56%. The maximum power density was lower for the largest (0.78 mm) ...
Summary: A fraction which inhibited chitin synthesis was partially purified from Neurospora crassa by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration. This preparation possessed chitinase activity and hydrolysed either nascent or preformed chitin. Utilization of UDP-N-acetylglucos-arnine by chitin synthase was not modified in the presence of the chitinase preparation, although the chitin being synthesized was degraded mainly to N-N'-diacetylchitobiose, other larger oligosaccharides and small amounts of N-acetylglucosamine. The enzyme exhibited endo- and exo-chitinase properties and was localized mainly in the cytosol fraction. Its pH optimum was 6.7 and its apparent molecular weight 20600 Dal.
A novel chitin-degrading aerobe, Chitinibacter tainanensis, was isolated from a soil sample from southern Taiwan, and was proved to produce N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG). Chitin degrading factors (CDFs) were proposed to be the critical factors to degrade chitin in this work. When C. tainanensis was incubated with chitin, CDFs were induced and chitin was converted to NAG. CDFs were found to be located on the surface of C. tainanensis. N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) and endochitinase activities were found in the debris, and the activity of NAGase was much higher than that of endochitinase. The optimum pH of the enzymatic activity was about 7.0, while that of NAG production by the debris was 5.3. These results suggested that some factors in the debris, in addition to NAGase and endochitinase, were crucial for chitin degradation.
Stomata, surrounded by pairs of guard cells, regulate gas exchange between plants and the environment, thus being critical for plant growth. On the other hand, a variety of bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi exploit stomatal openings as major invasion routes (1, 2). To prevent microbe invasion, plants can recognize the so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are highly conserved in the whole class of microbes, such as flagellin for bacteria and chitin oligosaccharides (CTOSs) for fungi, leading to stomatal immunity or stomatal defense, including stomatal closure and inhibition of stomatal opening (3⇓-5). Recent studies have focused on bacterium-guard cell interaction and found that pathogenic bacteria secrete phytotoxins and proteins, termed as effectors, to suppress bacterial MAMP-induced stomatal immunity (3⇓-5). Although many pathogenic fungi penetrate through stomata, posing major threats to crop production and consequently human nutrition, the fungus-guard cell ...
in 30 min (Takahashi et al. 1993).. The Km values of the Enterobacter sp. NRG4 chitinase against different substrates were 1.43 mg ml-1, 1.41 mg ml-1, 1.8 mg ml-1 and 2.0 mg ml-1, respectively with swollen chitin, colloidal chitin, regenerated chitin and glycol chitin respectively, which are comparatively lower than the other reports in literature. The Km values of chitinase from different organisms were, 2.88 mg ml-1 for Enterobacter aerogenes (Tang et al. 2001), 1.4 mg ml-1 and 0.8 mg ml-1 for chitinase C1 and C3 from Vibrio alginolyticus H-8 against squid chitin (Ohishi et al. 1996), 3.0 mg ml-1 for Alcaligenes xylosoxydans chitinase (Vaidya et al. 2003) and Bacillus sp. WY22 chitinase (Woo and Park, 2003), 12 mg ml-1 for Bacillus sp. BG-11 chitinase (Bhushan and Hoondal, 1998).. Ethylene glycol chitin, glycol chitin and colloidal chitin are useful substrate for enzyme assays of endo-type chitinase (Park et al. 1997). The hydrolysis pattern of purified enzyme indicated that chitinase from ...
Antifungal proteins from molds have been proposed as a valuable tool against unwanted molds, but the resistance of some fungi limits their use. Resistance to antimicrobial peptides has been suggested to be due to lack of interaction with the mold or to a successful response. The antifungal protein PgAFP produced by Penicillium chrysogenum inhibits the growth of various ascomycetes, but not Penicillium polonicum. To study the basis for resistance to this antifungal protein, localization of PgAFP and metabolic, structural, and morphological changes were investigated in P. polonicum. PgAFP bound the outer layer of P. polonicum but not regenerated chitin, suggesting an interaction with specific molecules. Comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and comparative quantitative proteomics revealed changes in the relative abundance of several proteins from ribosome, spliceosome, metabolic, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite pathways. The proteome changes and an altered permeability ...
Chitin Oligosaccharide COS Reduces Antibiotics Dose and Prevents Antibiotics-Caused Side Effects in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis AIS Patients with Spinal Fusion Surgery. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Thank you for sharing this Journal of Bacteriology article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.. ...
Cloning and expression of two chitin deacetylase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.: Chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41), which hydrolyses the N-acetamido groups o
The normal considerations (chitin is heavy, so organisms with chitin armor wont get all that big) can be hand-waved away even without resorting to a fantasy setting. Creatures that live underwater can bear greater weight, for example, and in a high-oxygen biome insect-style respiration is easier and operative over larger distances. Even if we dont get organisms on a scale that would allow for breastplate-sized chitin sections, armorers could achieve a lot with chitin scale and layering.. I dont know how useful it would be as large, solid plates in the first place. Even though its a strong barrier, there are lots of practical issues. The biggest one I can think of offhand is that it isnt going to be repairable-- you cant melt it down and reforge it, nor weld on a patch, or anything else. You just have to replace the piece. Scale-style armor doesnt suffer that same drawback, as you can replace damaged sections.. Why bother? (alternatively, it has to be worth it). That isnt meant to be a ...
Plant chitinases are a group of enzymes that presumably hydrolyze chitin, a biopolymer of GlcNAc in a β-1,4 linkage. Only a few of them have been proven to possess chitinase activities. Most of the reported chitinases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to known chitinases. Plant chitinases are grouped into six different classes based on sequence similarity to tobacco chitinases (Meins et al., 1994). The two common classes of chitinases are class I and class II, which differ in the presence (class I) or absence (class II) of a conserved N-terminal cysteine-rich lectin domain. All classes of chitinases possess some conserved amino acid residues in the catalytic domains (Levorson and Chlan, 1997).. Because the chitinase substrate chitin is the main component of many fungal walls and expression of many chitinase genes is induced by pathogens, chitinases have long been proposed to play roles in defense. It has been shown that overexpression of some chitinases alone or together ...
Myosin II-dependent contraction of the cytokinetic ring and primary septum formation by chitin synthase II are interdependent processes during cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hence, null mutants of myosin II (myo1 Δ) and chitin synthase II (chs2 Δ) share multiple morphological and molecular phenotypes. To understand the nature of their interdependent functions, we will seek to identify genes undergoing transcriptional regulation in chs2 Δ strains and to establish a transcription signature profile for comparison with myo1 Δ strains. A total of 467 genes were commonly regulated between myo1Δ and chs2Δ mutant strains (p ≤ 0.01). Common regulated biological process categories identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in both gene expression profiles were: protein biosynthesis, RNA processing, and stress response. Expression of 17/20 genes in the main transcriptional fingerprint for cell wall stress was confirmed in the chs2Δ strain versus 5/20 for the myo1Δ strain. One of these
Get information, facts, and pictures about chitin at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about chitin easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.
Author summary Fungal pathogens pose an emerging threat in crop production and thus human health. Trichoderma atroviride is considered a potential biocontrol agent against a broad spectrum of phytopathogens. Cell wall chitin was identified as promising target to combat fungal diseases. Here we uncovered the regulation of chitin and chitosan synthesis and their contribution to dynamic cell wall remodeling as protective components in self-defense reactions during the mycoparasitic attack of Trichoderma. The systematic evaluation of the newly identified chitin-modifying enzymes confirmed their concerted interplay and their essential contribution to a successful mycoparasitic invasion. These findings provide further valuable, more specific information on targeting critical factors in the fungal cell wall adaptation process for therapeutic purposes as well as improved biocontrol applications.
Chitin deacetylases (CDA) mostly occur in marine bacteria, few in insects, and several in fungi [1].. In fungi, for example, CDAs are involved in cell wall formation, sporulation, and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides. Many plant fungal pathogens secrete CDAs during plant infection. Plants only detect fungal infections by registering chitin. Fungi turn invisible by deacetylating chitin into chitosan and thus, outwit the plant defence system [2].. The CDAs generate chitosan oligomers from chitin by deacetylating the N-acetylglucosamine units of the substrate [3]. During deacetylation, acetic acid is cleaved off from a glucosamine unit. Some CDAs may even deacetylate chitosan, creating a double deacetylated oligomer [2].. Chitin deacetylases belong to the carbohydrate esterase family 4. All family members, including NodB protein and chitin deacetylases, share the same primary structure called NodB homology domain or polysaccharide deacetylase domain [4].. In medical applications and ...
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA), a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised humans. The echinocandin caspofungin, adopted as a second-line therapy in combating IA, is a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, which, when used in high concentrations, reverts the anticipated A. fumigatus growth inhibition, a phenomenon called the caspofungin paradoxical effect (CPE). The CPE has been widely associated with increased chitin content in the cell wall due to a compensatory upregulation of chitin synthase-encoding genes. Here, we demonstrate that the CPE is dependent on the cell wall integrity (CWI) mitogen-activated protein kinase MpkAMPK1 and its associated transcription factor (TF) RlmARLM1, which regulate chitin synthase gene expression in response to different concentrations of caspofungin. Furthermore, the calcium- and calcineurin-dependent TF CrzA binds to and regulates the expression of specific chitin synthase genes during the ...
p,Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost of chitin and chitosan have drawn immense attention in many fields including medicine, bioinspired material science, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Their handling and processing are difficult owing to its insolubility in neutral aqueous solution or organic solvents. One of the methods used to improve the solubility characteristics of chitin and chitosan is chemical modification. Introducing a carboxymethyl group is the most advantageous method of increasing the solubility of chitosan at neutral and alkaline pH. Carboxymethyl chitin (CMC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) are water soluble derivatives formed by introducing CH2COOH function into the polymer which endows it with better biological properties. The functional group makes CMC/CMCS nanoparticles (NPs) efficient vehicles for the delivery of DNA, proteins, and drugs. This review provides an overview of the characteristics of CMC/CMCS NPs as well as fulfills the task of describing and ...
Summary: In order to study the genetic control of chitinolytic activity in Streptomyces, chitinase genes were cloned from S. lividans TK64 into the multicopy plasmid pIJ702 and their expression monitored in their natural host by measuring increases in chitinase productivity. Four independent clones were obtained, and the plasmids named pEMJ1, pEMJ5, pEMJ7 and pEMJ8. Restriction endonuclease digestion showed that although two of the plasmids (pEMJ7 and pEMJ8) shared a common DNA fragment, there were no substantial similarities between the inserts of plasmids pEMJ1, pEMJ5 and pEMJ7. This was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Four chitinases (A, B, C, and D) were identified, with molecular masses of 36, 46, 65, and 41 kDa, respectively. Production of chitinases A and B was specified by the plasmids pEMJ1 and pEMJ5, respectively. Genes for the other two chitinases (C and D) were carried by plasmid pEMJ7. Although significant differences were observed between chitinases A, B, and C in terms of
Chitin nanowhiskers are structured into mesoporous aerogels by using the same benign process used previously in our group to make cellulose nanowhisker aerogels. The nanowhiskers are sonicated in water to form a hydrogel before solvent-exchange with ethanol and drying under supercritical CO2 (scCO2 ). Aerogels are prepared with various densities and porosities, relating directly to the initial chitin nanowhisker content. scCO2 drying enables the mesoporous network structure to be retained as well as allowing the gel to retain its initial dimensions. The chitin aerogels have low densities (0.043-0.113 g cm(-3) ), high porosities (up to 97 %), surface areas of up to 261 m(2) g(-1) , and mechanical properties at the high end of other reported values (modulus between 7 and 9.3 MPa). The aerogels were further characterized by using X-ray diffraction, BET analysis, electron microscopy, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analysis. Characterization showed that the rod-like crystalline nature of the nanowhiskers was
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification and characterization of three thermostable endochitinases of a noble Bacillus strain, MH-1, isolated from chitin-containing compost. AU - Sakai, Kenji. AU - Yokota, Akira. AU - Kurokawa, Hajime. AU - Wakayama, Mamoru. AU - Moriguchi, Mitsuaki. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - A thermophilic and actinic bacterium strain, MH-1, which produced three different endochitinases in its culture fluid was isolated from chitin- containing compost. The microorganism did not grow in any of the usual media for actinomyces but only in colloidal chitin supplemented with yeast extract and (2,6-O-dimethyl)-β-cyclodextrin. Compost extract enhanced its growth. In spite of the formation of branched mycelia, other properties of the strain, such as the formation of endospores, the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, the percent G+C of DNA (55%), and the partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequence, indicated that strain MH-1 should belong to the genus Bacillus. Three isoforms of ...
When starting her own lab at James Cook University, Australia, Jodie Rummer applied for a Travelling Fellowship from JEB to gather data on oxygen consumption rates of coral reef fishes at the Northern Great Barrier Reef. A few years later, Björn Illing, from the Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Germany, followed in Jodies footsteps and used a JEB Travelling Fellowship to visit Jodies lab. There, he studied the effects of temperature on the survival of larval cinnamon clownfish. Jodie and Björns collaboration was so successful that they have written a collaborative paper, and Björn has now returned to continue his research as a post-doc in Jodies Lab. Read their story here.. Where could your research take you? The deadline to apply for the current round of Travelling Fellowships is 30 Nov 2017. Apply now!. ...
Introduction. Chitin is a polysaccharide of animal origin found abundantly in nature and characterized by a fibrous structure. It forms the basis of the main constituent of the outer skeleton of insects and crustaceans like shrimp, crabs and lobster (Kumar et al., 2005). According to Chen (1998) the chitin structure can be modified by removing the acetyl groups, which are bond to amine radicals in the C2 position on the glucan ring, by means of a chemical hydrolysis in concentrated alkaline solution at elevated temperature to produce a deacetylated form known as chitosan.. No, H.K. et al., (2002) stated that antibacterial activity of chitosan is effective in inhibiting growth of bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of chitosan depend on its molecular weight and the type of bacterium. For gram-positive bacteria, chitosan with 470 KDa was the most effective, except for Lactbacillus sp., whereas for gram-negative bacteria, chitosan with 1,106 KDa was effective. Chitosan generally showed stronger ...
The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, genome contains at least five chitin synthase-encoding genes. chsB is essential for normal hyphal growth. chsA and chsC are likely to be cooperatively req
In vivo inorganic-organic structure of the cuttlebone, in combination with physical and geochemical conditions within the depositional environment and favorable taphonomic factors likely contributed to preservation of organics in M. mississippiensis. Available clays within the Yazoo Clay in conjunction with suboxic depositional environment may have facilitated preservation of original organics by forming a physical and geochemical barrier to degradation. One key to the preservation of organic tissues, in particular chitin and chitosan, is cessation of bacterial degradation within environments of deposition. Bacterial breakdown of polymeric molecules is accomplished through activities of both free extracellular enzymes (those in the water column) and ektoenzymes (those on the surface of the microbial cell) such as chitinases. Chitinases function either by cleaving glycosidic bonds that bind repeating N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units within chitin molecules or by cleaving terminal ...
Engineering chitinolytic activity into a cellulose-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase provides insights into substrate specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2019 ;Volum 294.(50) s. 19349- ...
Differential gene expression signatures for cell wall integrity found in chitin synthase II chs2 Δ and myosin II myo1 Δ deficient cytokinesis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Marshall Marine Products is expertise in manufacturing Chitin from extracted shellfish waste such as shrimps, crabs and crawfish through the deprotenization, demineralization process
These are some of the images that we found within the public domain for your Chitin keyword. These images will give you an idea of the kind of image(s) to place in your articles and wesbites. You can always use one of these images but please respect the copyright of the owner, We have provided the original source link for you to also credit the image(s) owner as we have done here.. ...
A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...
Tor2 is an activator of the Rom2/Rho1 pathway that regulates α-factor internalization. Since the recruitment of endocytic proteins such as actin binding proteins and the amphiphysins precedes the internalization of α-factor, I hypothesized that loss of Tor function leads to an alteration in the dynamics of the endocytic proteins. I report here that endocytic proteins, Abp1 and Rvs167, are less recruited to endocytic sites not only in tor2 but also tor1 mutants. Furthermore, I found that the endocytic proteins Rvs167 and Sjl2 are completely mistargeted to the cytoplasm in tor1∆tor2ts double mutant cells. I also demonstrate here that the efficiency of endocytic internalization or scission in all tor mutants was drastically decreased. In agreement with the Sjl2 mislocalization, I found that in tor1∆tor2ts double mutant cells, as well as other tor mutant cells, the overall PIP2 level was dramatically increased. Finally, the cell wall chitin content in tor2ts and tor1∆tor2ts mutant cells was also
Supplementary Materialsijms-21-01904-s001. for silkworms (Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) can be one of them, which causes devastating damage to mulberry leaves every year, especially in some developing countries, such as China, India, Pakistan, etc. not only damages sericulture losses in mulberry leaves, but it also spreads different kinds of viruses to silkworms by feeding polluted mulberry leaves, such as Bombyx densoviruses and picornaviruses [2]. To control [12], [13], and [14]. Although the metabolic system of chitin is essential for the growth and development of Rabbit polyclonal to ATF5 insects, it has not been found in animals and humans [15]. Therefore, it is of great potential value to develop the biological strategies to disrupt the metabolism balance of chitin in agriculture pest control. However, chitin metabolism in is usually unclear, so a thorough understanding of this pathway will provide many strategies for achieving pest control. The long-term use of insecticides has resulted ...
Biosynthesis of plant and fungal (Oomycete) cell wall polysaccharides: biochemical and biophysical approaches for the study of membrane-bound complexes with glycosyltransferase activity and characterization of the corresponding polysaccharides, with particular emphasis on cellulose, (1,3)-beta-D-glucan and chitin biosynthesis ...
Biosynthesis of plant and fungal (Oomycete) cell wall polysaccharides: biochemical and biophysical approaches for the study of membrane-bound complexes with glycosyltransferase activity and characterization of the corresponding polysaccharides, with particular emphasis on cellulose, (1,3)-beta-D-glucan and chitin biosynthesis ...
Protein features are: Chitin binding domain; Chitinase II; Glycoside hydrolase, chitinase active site; Glycoside hydrolase, family 18, catalytic domain; Glycoside hydrolase, subgroup, catalytic core; Glycoside hydrolase, superfamily ...
Chen J, Tang B, Chen H, Yao Q, et al. (2010). Different functions of the insect soluble and membrane-bound trehalase genes in chitin biosynthesis revealed by RNA interference. PLoS One 5: e10133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010133 PMid:20405036 PMCid:2853572 Crowe JH, Crowe LM and Chapman D (1984). Preservation of membranes in anhydrobiotic organisms: the role of trehalose. Science 223: 701-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4637.701 PMid:17841031 Davidson P and Sun WQ (2001). Effect of sucrose/raffinose mass ratios on the stability of co-lyophilized protein during storage above the Tg. Pharm. Res. 18: 474-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011002326825 PMid:11451034 de Almeida FM, Bonini BM, Beton D, Jorge JA, et al. (2009). Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli of Neurospora crassa neutral trehalase as an active enzyme. Protein Expr. Purif. 65: 185-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2008.11.010 PMid:19073263 Elbein AD, Pan YT, Pastuszak I and Carroll D (2003). New ...
Acetylcholine Receptors. Acetylcholinesterase.. Aflatoxin.. Agricultural Hygiene.. Agrocin 84.. Analysis, Instrumentation and Techniques.. Animal Health Products.. Antibiotic Resistance.. Antibiotics.. Auxins, indole auxins.. Avian Repellants.. Avian Species.. Bactericide.. Bacteriocin.. Bioassays, Phytotoxicity to Succeeding Crops.. Biodegradability, Assessment.. Biodegradation in Soil.. Biological Control, Survey.. Biological Control of Plant Diseases.. Biological Control of Weeds.. Biomass, Soil Microbial Biomass.. Biopesticides.. Brassinosteroids.. Capillary Electrophoresis.. Chemical Activators of Disease Resistance.. Chemical Properties Estimation.. Chemotherapy.. Chirality and Chiral Pesticides.. Chitin Biosynthesis Inhibitors.. Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons-Toxic Aromatics.. Chromatography, HPLC.. Chromatography, TLC.. CIPAC.. Controlled Release Formulations of Pesticides.. Dibenzo-p Dioxins: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p Dioxin, Reid Disinfection.. Disinfestation.. Economic Issues ...
The chitin synthase genes chs-1 and chs-2 are essential for C. elegans development and responsible for chitin deposition in the eggshell and pharynx, respectively ...
China Chitosan Nitrate, Find details about China Chitosan Nitrate, Deacetylated Chitin from Chitosan Nitrate - Qingdao Reach International Inc.
main products:Chitin series,Chitosan series,Special purposed Chitosan series,Water soluble Chitosan series,Glucosamine series,Refined Glucosamine series,Pharmaceutical intermediates & APIs,Sodium Valproate Letrozol,Chondroitin series,Health foods,Adhesive in printing & packing industry,Granule DC series
The human genome expresses 6 proteins of the family 18 chitinases, whereof YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is the most extensively studied. This protein binds chitin-derived oligosaccharides (ChOS) with micromolar affinity, but lacks the ability to degrade chitin. Besides possessing a chitin binding site, YKL-40 is also known to bind to heparin and collagen. Knowledge on the biological role of YKL-40 is still superficial but its function has mostly been related to immune signaling, embryonic development and remodeling of tissues and extracellular matrixes. This is particularly relevant in pathological conditions involving inflammation and connective tissue remodeling; such as in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, liver fibrosis and many cancer diseases. Severity of the disease is usually directly linked to increased serum concentration of YKL-40. Currently, the focus in YKL-40 research is gradually shifting from diagnostic marker to a putative therapeutic target in various diseases. For a better understanding of the
The human genome expresses 6 proteins of the family 18 chitinases, whereof YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is the most extensively studied. This protein binds chitin-derived oligosaccharides (ChOS) with micromolar affinity, but lacks the ability to degrade chitin. Besides possessing a chitin binding site, YKL-40 is also known to bind to heparin and collagen. Knowledge on the biological role of YKL-40 is still superficial but its function has mostly been related to immune signaling, embryonic development and remodeling of tissues and extracellular matrixes. This is particularly relevant in pathological conditions involving inflammation and connective tissue remodeling; such as in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, liver fibrosis and many cancer diseases. Severity of the disease is usually directly linked to increased serum concentration of YKL-40. Currently, the focus in YKL-40 research is gradually shifting from diagnostic marker to a putative therapeutic target in various diseases. For a better understanding of the
The aim of this study is to exploit a suitable chitosan extraction method from the chitin of indigenous shrimp shells by employing different physicochemical treatments and to improve different bioactive properties of this extracted chitosan (CS) by applying gamma radiation. Chitin was prepared from shrimp shell by pretreatment (deproteination, demineralization and oxidation). Chitosan was extracted from chitin by eight different methods varying different physicochemical parameters (reagent concentration, temperature and time) and assessed with respect to the degree of deacetylation, requirement of time and reagents. The method where chitin was repeatedly treated with 121°C for 30 min with 20 M NaOH, produced the highest degree of deacetylation (DD) value (92%) as measured by potentiometric titration, with the least consumption of time and chemicals, and thus, selected as the best suitable extraction method. For further quality improvement, chitosan with highest DD value was irradiated with ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Differential enzymatic activity of common haplotypic versions of the human acidic mammalian chitinase protein. AU - Seibold, Max A.. AU - Reese, Tiffany A.. AU - Choudhry, Shweta. AU - Salam, Muhammad T.. AU - Beckman, Kenny. AU - Eng, Celeste. AU - Atakilit, Amha. AU - Meade, Kelley. AU - Lenoir, Michael. AU - Watson, H. Geoffrey. AU - Thyne, Shannon. AU - Kumar, Rajesh. AU - Weiss, Kevin B.. AU - Grammer, Leslie C.. AU - Avila, Pedro. AU - Schleimer, Robert P.. AU - Fahy, John V.. AU - Rodriguez-Santan, Jose. AU - Rodriguez-Cintron, William. AU - Boot, Rolf G.. AU - Sheppard, Dean. AU - Gilliland, Frank D.. AU - Locksley, Richard M.. AU - Burchard, Esteban G.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/7/17. Y1 - 2009/7/17. N2 - Mouse models have shown the importance of acidic mammalian chitinase activity in settings of chitin exposure and allergic inflammation. However, little is known regarding genetic regulation of AMCase enzymatic activity ...
Chitin synthase (CHS), a potential target for eco-friendly insecticides, plays an essential role in chitin formation in insects. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding chitin synthase 2 (BdCHS2) was cloned and characterized in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. The BdCHS2 cDNA had 4417 nucleotides, containing an open reading frame of 4122 nucleotides, which encoded 1373 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 158.5 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis with other insect CHSs suggested that BdCHS2 belongs to insect CHS2. The BdCHS2 transcript was predominately found in midgut but was detected at low levels in fat body, Malpighian tubules, integument, and trachea. Moreover, BdCHS2 was expressed in all developmental stages, and highly expressed in the feeding stages. There was a positive relationship between BdCHS2 expression and total chitin content during development. Furthermore, both the gene expression and chitin content in midgut decreased when the insect was fed for 24 h, then
The third chitinase gene (chiC) of Serratia marcescens 2170, specifying chitinases C1 and C2, was identified. Chitinase C1 lacks a signal sequence and consists of a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 18, a fibronectin type III-like domain (Fn3 domain) and a C-terminal chitin-binding domain (ChBD). Chitinase C2 corresponds to the catalytic domain of C1 and is probably generated by proteolytic removal of the Fn3 and ChBDs. The loss of the C-terminal portion reduced the hydrolytic activity towards powdered chitin and regenerated chitin, but not towards colloidal chitin and glycol chitin, illustrating the importance of the ChBD for the efficient hydrolysis of crystalline chitin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bacterial family 18 chitinases can be clustered in three subfamilies which have diverged at an early stage of bacterial chitinase evolution. Ser. marcescens chitinase C1 is found in one subfamily, whereas chitinases A and B of the same bacterium belong to another ...
The production of streptomycin using Streptomyces griseus using two types of chitin as a substrate was studied using a variety of fermentation techniques. Commercial chitin was obtained (Sigma) and comprised chemically purified crab shell. Pre-fermented chitin was the solid product from the lactic acid fermentation of shrimp waste using Lactobacillus paracasei A3. Bioassay, HPLC and FTIR methods were developed during this project for the quantification of streptomycin both in liquid phase and adsorbed on solid chitin surfaces. Shake flask experiments were carried out to determine basic production kinetics, as well as to establish if commercial and pre-fermented chitins produced different quantities of streptomycin. Shake flasks were also used to evaluate any effect of chitin concentration on streptomycin production. A range of submerged fermentations were undertaken in a standard 2 L bioreactor fitted with Rushton Turbines, at chitin concentrations from 0.4 %w/v to 10 %w/v, to study the effect ...
Chitosan,Chitosan oligosaccharide,Edible Oligosaccharide,Agriculture Oligosaccharide,Oligosaccharide Liquid,Chitin oligosaccharide,Food grade chitosan,Industrial grade chitosan,Pharma. grade chitosan,Feed grade chitosan,High density chitosan,High MW
This study was carried out to investigate effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and/or beta-glucan addition into diets containing organic zinc on performance and biochemical profiles in broilers. One-day old broiler chicks (n=540) were assigned to six groups for six replicates (15 chicks for each). Chicks in control group were fed basal diet containing soybean meal and corn, and experimental groups were fed diets containing 1% organic zinc (Or center dot Zn) or 0.025% chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) or 0.050% beta-glucan (BG) or 1% Or center dot Zn plus 0.025% COS or 1% Or center dot Zn plus 0.050% BG during 42 days. There were no significant differences between groups for performance (body weight, daily body weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) during experimental period. Although, there were no differences between all groups for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, urea, insulin and glucose levels, statistical significances were determined between Or ...
China Chitosan Oligosaccharide Liquid manufacturers - Select 2017 high quality Chitosan Oligosaccharide Liquid products in best price from certified Chinese Liquid Chemical manufacturers, Liquid Air suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com
USP,Chitosan oligosaccharide,148411-57-8,US $ 1 - 99 / Kilogram, 148411-57-8, Chitosan oligosaccharide, (C12H24N2O9)n.Source from Baoji Guokang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. on Alibaba.com.
Selling list : 3x cleaver +8 Rouge chitin pauldron +7 non rb Rouge chitin pads +7 non rb Rouge chitin helmet +7 non rb Def armors, rouge spear def
Looking for online definition of calcofluor white stain in the Medical Dictionary? calcofluor white stain explanation free. What is calcofluor white stain? Meaning of calcofluor white stain medical term. What does calcofluor white stain mean?
Though the silencing is not yet 100 percent effective in their study, Zhu said it does leave the mosquitos body with less ability to combat insecticides, which must penetrate the mosquitos exoskeleton. If the gene, called chitin synthase, could be completely silenced, the mosquitoes may die without the use of pesticides because the chitin biosynthesis pathway would be blocked, Zhu said.. Zhu theorized using nanoparticles to deliver dsRNA to mosquito larvae might work because of the low success of manually injecting larvae with dsRNA. Mosquito larvae live in water but because dsRNA quickly dissipates in water, it cant be directly added to the larvaes food source. Zhus group discovered that using nanoparticles assembled from dsRNA facilitates their ingestion by mosquito larvae because the nanoparticles dont dissolve in water. Zhu said the nanoparticles may also stabilize the dsRNA in water.. Now insects will have a much greater likelihood of getting these nanoparticles containing the dsRNA ...
1. Amano, Y., and Ozeki, S. 1981. Winter wheat breeding for resistance to snow mold and cold hardiness. I. Development of testing methods and application for the classification of resistant varieties. Bull. Hokkaido Pref. Agric. Exp. Stn. 46:12-21.. 2. Bazzingher, G. 1976. Der schwarze Schneeschimmel der Koniferen [Herpotrichia juniperi (Duby) Petrak und Herpotrichia coulteri (Peck) Bose]. Eu. J. For. Pathol. 6:109-122.. 3. Bruehl, G. W. 1982. Developing wheat resistant to snow mold in Washington state. Plant Dis. 66:1091-1095.. 4. Burpee, L. L., Kaye, L. M., Goulty, L. G., and Lawton, M. B. 1987. Suppression of gray snow mold on creeping bentgrass by an isolate of Typhula phacorrhiza. Plant Dis. 71:97-100.. 5. Cheng, M., Gay, P. A., and McBeath, J. H. 2001. Determination of chitinolytic activity in under differing environmental conditions. P. 57-62. IN: Proceeings of Biocontrol in a New Millenium: Building for the Future on Past Experience. D. M. Huber, ed.. 6. Conn, J., and Cameron, J. 1988. ...
Z. Hehn, A. Gawdzik, J. Sajewicz: Effects of butanetetracarboxylic acid and chitosan on the properties of formaldehyde free finish for cotton fabrics, Polimery, No 6/2005, 463. The effects of butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTK acid) in amount up to 40 kg/m3 and chitosan in amount up to 5 kg/m3 on application properties of finish baths were determined...
Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) are chitin derivatives. Owing to their excellent biological activity, they have long been used as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. However, both of them exist simultaneously in chitin hydrolyzate or fermentation production. The aim of this study is to identify the feasibility of separating GAH and NAG by nanofiltration on the basis of appropriate adjustments of physical conditions. One commercial spiral nanofiltration membrane (QY-5-NF-1812) was used. Experiments were carried out in full recycle mode and the membrane separation performance was investigated at various mass ratios (mass ratios of GAH to NAG were from 1:14 to 1:2), pressures (4-22 bar), temperatures (15-35 °C), and electrolytes (NaCl, MgSO4, and MgCl2). The influence of temperature on molecular characteristics that play an important role in the separation process was also studied. Owing to the steric-hindrance effect, electrostatic effect, and different solute permeability,
Shrivastava A., R.G. Rhodes, S. Pochiraju, D. Nakane and M.J. McBride. 2012. Flavobacterium johnsoniae RemA is a mobile cell surface lectin involved in gliding. J Bacteriol. 194(14):3678-3688.. Rhodes, R.G., M.N. Samarasam, E.J. van Groll* and M.J. McBride. 2011. Mutations in Flavobacterium johnsoniae sprE result in defects in gliding motility and protein secretion. J. Bacteriol. 193(19):5322-5327.. Rhodes, R.G., H.G. Pucker* and M.J McBride. 2011. Development and use of a gene deletion strategy for Flavobacterium johnsoniae to identify the redundant gliding motility genes remF, remG, remH and remI. J. Bacteriol. 193(10):2418-2428.. Rhodes, R.G., S.S. Nelson, S. Pochiraju and M.J. McBride. 2011. Flavobacterium johnsoniae sprB is part of an operon spanning the additional gliding motility genes sprC, sprD and sprF. J. Bacteriol. 193(3):599-610.. Rhodes, R.G., J.A. Atoyan and D.R. Nelson. 2010. The chitobiose transporter, chbC, is required for chitin utilization in Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC ...
Chitosan Oligosaccharide Appearance: Yellow and light brown Odor: Sightly smell as acetic acid Molecular weight: less than 1500,less than 3000,less than5000 Degree of polymerization (DP): 2-10 Particle size: ≥100 mesh Moisture: ≤10% Residue on ignition :
A polyclonal antiserum was prepared against a purified microsomal chitinase isolated from the fungus Choanephora cucurbitarum. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to localize chitinase at various developmental stages of five zygomycetous fungi and during abiotrophic mycoparasite interaction with a susceptible and resistant host. This was compared to localization of oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Dotimmunoblot and Western blot techniques revealed that the anti-serum reacted strongly with the antigen from which it was derived. Cross reactivity of the antiserum was found with WGA and another chitin binding lectin, Phyto/acca americana agglutinin (PAA). Immuno-fluorescence results showed the direct involvement of chitinase in spore swelling, germination, sporangium development and response during mechanical injury. There appeared to be no involvement of chitinase during apical hyphal growth or new branch initiation in any of the fungi tested despite ...
Mold and Dust Mites are the two most pervasive indoor allergens. If you suffer from environmental allergies, there is a great chance that you are sensitive to either mold or dust mites - or both. With mold being a fungus and the dust mite being an arachnid, they dont seem to have much in common at first. However, recent research at the University of California (San Francisco) revolves around the fact that both mold and dust mites contain the compound chitin. Molds have chitin in their cell walls, and dust mites have chitin in their exoskeleton. Chitin is also found in the exoskeleton of highly allergenic animals like cockroaches, shrimp, and other shellfish. Researchers are still in the early stages, but they may find that chitin plays a key role in triggering the inflammatory response. Mold and dust mites have something else in common, too: They both thrive in humid climates.   Humidity promotes mold growth and dust mite population growth, says Dr. Michael Ruff of the American Academy of
Chitin-binding protein which slows larval growth when consumed by the lepidopteran species S.ricini and M.brassica, but not when consumed by the mulberry specialist B.mori. Lacks chitinase activity.
The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a major mechanism used by bacteria for uptake of carbohydrates, particularly hexoses, hexitols, and disaccharides, where the source of energy is from PEP. The PTS consists of two general components, enzyme I (EI) and histidine phosphocarrier protein (HPr), and of membrane-bound sugar specific permeases (enzymes II). Each enzyme II (EII) complex consists of one or two hydrophobic integral membrane domains (domains C and D) and two hydrophilic domains (domains A and B). EII complexes may exist as distinct proteins or as a single multidomain protein. The PTS catalyzes the uptake of carbohydrates and their conversion into their respective phosphoesters during transport. There are four successive phosphoryl transfers in the PTS. Initial autophosphorylation of EI, using PEP as a substrate, is followed by transfer of the phosphoryl group from EI to HPr. EIIA catalyzes the self-phosphoryl transfer from HPr after which the ...
div class=citation vocab=http://schema.org/,,i class=fa fa-external-link-square fa-fw,,/i, Data from ,span resource=http://link.libraries.ou.edu/portal/Advances-in-marine-chitin-and-chitosan-Hitoshi/n5txvIKyk3M/ typeof=Book http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/Item,,span property=name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label,,a href=http://link.libraries.ou.edu/portal/Advances-in-marine-chitin-and-chitosan-Hitoshi/n5txvIKyk3M/,Advances in marine chitin and chitosan, Hitoshi Sashiwa and David Harding (eds.), (electronic resource),/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent typeof=LibrarySystem http://library.link/vocab/LibrarySystem resource=http://link.libraries.ou.edu/,,span property=name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label,,a property=url href=http://link.libraries.ou.edu/,University of Oklahoma Libraries,/a,,/span,,/span,,/span,,/span,,/div ...
Shop for Starch, Chitin and Chitosan Based Composites and Nanocomposites: (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science 1st ed. 2019) from WHSmith. Thousands of products are available to collect from store or if your orders over £20 well deliver for free.
Download Handbook Of Chitin And Chitosan Full Books [PDF] [EPUB] [Tuebl] [textbook]. Read online ebooks by best author available for any device and kindle. Fast
Domain architecture and assignment details (superfamily, family, region, evalue) for jCVI|EIN_262510 from Entamoeba invadens 1.2. Plus protein sequence and external database links.
Domain architecture and assignment details (superfamily, family, region, evalue) for jCVI|EIN_049650 from Entamoeba invadens 1.2. Plus protein sequence and external database links.
cellulose synthase (EC 2.4.1.12); chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16); dolichyl-phosphate β-D-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.83); dolichyl-phosphate β-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.117); N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-); hyaluronan synthase (EC 2.4.1.212); chitin oligosaccharide synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); β-1,3-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34); β-1,4-mannan synthase (EC 2.4.1.-); β-mannosylphosphodecaprenol-mannooligosaccharide α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.199); UDP-Galf: rhamnopyranosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-PP-decaprenol β-1,4/1,5-galactofuranosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.287); UDP-Galf: galactofuranosyl-galactofuranosyl-rhamnosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-PP-decaprenol β-1,5/1,6-galactofuranosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.288); dTDP-L-Rha: N-acetylglucosaminyl-PP-decaprenol α-1,3-L-rhamnosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.289 ...
Several commercial enzymes were screened for chitosanolytic activity. The hydrolysis of different chitosans was followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF), and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Neutrase 0.8L converted 10 g/L of various chitosans into mostly deacetylated oligosaccharides, yielding approximately 2.5 g/L of chitobiose, 4.5 g/L of chitotriose and 3 g/L of chitotetraose. In collaboration with the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (CSIC), the synthesized COS were tested in vitro for their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities, and compared with other functional ingredients, namely fructooligosaccharides ...
Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC ® 17061D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Flavobacterium johnsoniae strain MYX.1.1.1 TypeStrain=True Application:
Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC ® 17061D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Flavobacterium johnsoniae strain MYX.1.1.1 TypeStrain=True Application:
There is a growing interest in the use of post-fermentation mycelial waste to obtain cell wall chitin as an added-value product. In the pursuit to identify suitable production strains that can be used for post-fermentation cell wall harvesting, we turned to an Aspergillus niger strain in which the kexB gene was deleted. Previous work has shown that the deletion of kexB causes hyper-branching and thicker cell walls, traits that may be beneficial for the reduction in fermentation viscosity and lysis. Hyper-branching of ∆kexB was previously found to be pH-dependent on solid medium at pH 6.0, but was absent at pH 5.0. This phenotype was reported to be less pronounced during submerged growth. Here, we show a series of controlled batch cultivations at a pH range of 5, 5.5, and 6 to examine the pellet phenotype of ΔkexB in liquid medium. Morphological analysis showed that ΔkexB formed wild type-like pellets at pH 5.0, whereas the hyper-branching ΔkexB phenotype was found at pH 6.0. The transition ...
acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72); chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41); chitooligosaccharide deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-); peptidoglycan GlcNAc deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-); peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.- ...
With contributions from USA, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea, this special issue holds great insight. This special issue offers comprehensive knowledge on chitosan and collagen as biomaterials, especially with respect to their basic biological and chemical properties, as well as clinical applications. Two review articles described the preparation and biological application of chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives and the relevance to clinical dentistry of distinct characteristics of mandibular bone collagen. Original articles reported seven experiments: 3 chitosan topics and 4 collagen topics. The former demonstrated the contributions for a proteomic view of chitosan nanoparticle to hepatic cells, the promotion of D-glucosamine to transfection efficiency, and chitin application as skin substitutes. The latter showed the contributions for hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposite, genipin modification of dentin collagen, dentin phosphophoryn/collagen composite for dental biomaterial, and biological safety ...
Chitin, a homopolymer of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), is a major component of cyst wall in the protozoan… Expand ...
CrossRef 19. Lorenz MG, Reipschlager K, Wackernagel W: Plasmid transformation of naturally competent Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in non-sterile soil extract and. groundwater. Arch Microbiol 1992,157(4):355-360.PubMedCrossRef 20. Berge M, Mortier-Barriere I, Martin B, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-809.html Claverys JP: Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae relies on DprA- and RecA-dependent protection of incoming DNA single strands. Blasticidin S Mol Microbiol 2003,50(2):527-536.PubMedCrossRef 21. Mortier-Barriere I, Velten M, Dupaigne P, Mirouze N, Pietrement O, McGovern S, Fichant G, Martin B, Noirot P, Le Cam E, Polard P, Claverys JP: A key presynaptic role in transformation for a widespread bacterial protein: DprA conveys incoming ssDNA to RecA. Cell 2007,130(5):824-836.PubMedCrossRef 22. Meibom KL, Li XB, Nielsen AT, Wu CY, Roseman S, Schoolnik GK: The Vibrio cholerae chitin utilization program. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004,101(8):2524-2529.PubMedCrossRef 23. Palmen R, ...
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Koen van der Maaden, Emine Sekerdag, Pim Schipper, Gideon Kersten, Wim Jiskoot, Joke Bouwstra].
TY - JOUR. T1 - The chemically crosslinked metal-complexed chitosans for comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous medium. AU - Chen, Arh Hwang. AU - Yang, Cheng Yu. AU - Chen, Chia Yun. AU - Chen, Chia Yuan. AU - Chen, Chia Wen. PY - 2009/4/3. Y1 - 2009/4/3. N2 - The chemically crosslinked metal-complexed chitosans were synthesized by using the ion-imprinting method from a chitosan with four metals (Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II)) as templates and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The influences of adsorption conditions, including molar ratios of crosslinker/chitosan and pH changes, were studied. They were used to investigate for comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in an aqueous medium. They were demonstrated the comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in the orders of the adsorbed amounts with templates: Cu(II) ∼ Pb(II) , Zn(II) ∼ Ni(II), Zn(II) , Cu(II) ∼ Pb(II) , Ni(II), Ni(II) , Pb(II) , ...
There is no doubt that Chic was discos greatest band. Working in a heavily producer-dominated field, they were most definitely a band. By the time Chic appeared in the late 70s, disco was already heading toward mainstream saturation and an inevitable downfall. Chic bucked the trend by stripping discos sound down to its basic elements. Specializing in stylish grooves with a uniquely organic sense of interplay, Chics sound was anchored by the scratchy chucking-style rhythm guitar of Nile Rodgers, the indelible, widely imitated, and sometimes outright stolen basslines of Bernard Edwards, and the powerhouse drumming of Tony Thompson. As producers, Rodgers and Edwards used keyboard and string embellishments economically, which kept the emphasis on rhythm. Chics distinctive approach not only resulted in some of the eras finest singles, including the number one hits Le Freak and Good Times -- only two of several classics off the platinum albums Cest Chic (1978) and Risqué (1979) -- but ...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Chitotriosidase is secreted by activated human macrophages and is markedly elevated in plasma of Gaucher disease patients. The expression of chitotriosidase occurs only at a late stage of differentiation of monocytes to activated macrophages in culture. Human macrophages can synthesize a functional chitotriosidase, a highly conserved enzyme with a strongly regulated expression. This enzyme may play a role in the degradation of chitin-containing pathogens. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012 ...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] Chitotriosidase is secreted by activated human macrophages and is markedly elevated in plasma of Gaucher disease patients. The expression of chitotriosidase occurs only at a late stage of differentiation of monocytes to activated macrophages in culture. Human macrophages can synthesize a functional chitotriosidase, a highly conserved enzyme with a strongly regulated expression. This enzyme may play a role in the degradation of chitin-containing pathogens. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012 ...
A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...
Chitosan has many benefits mainly in health and weight reduction. Chitosan is able to reduce triglycerides in the blood because of its ability to bind dietary lipids, thus reducing intestinal lipid absorption. Chitin also has the ability of soaking up fat found in the intestines and flushes this fat out of the body before the body absorbs it. In this way, Chitosan helps to lower levels of bad LDL cholesterol and at the same time increase the levels of good HDL cholesterol. Chitosan has also exhibited anti-tumor action with its inhibitory action on tumor cells.. Chitosan is sold in a tablet form at many health stores and online and is advertised as a fat attractor or fat blocker. Chitosan can be purchased either as Chitosan supplements or as an ingredient in herbal diet pills. Chitosan is commonly used in diet pills because it has the ability to absorb six to eight times of its total weight in liquids. For this reason, Chitosan expands in the stomach and helps to suppress appetite as well ...